2 10 20 https://www.dawnlandvoices.org/collections/files/original/3ecb05be10363d0037cac867f18d7110.pdf 863b55e6a6c5e7a005552777dfa248a9 PDF Text Text �� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Mi'kmaq Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Aroostook Indian (Nov.-Dec. 1970) Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource The Association of Aroostook Indians Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived University of Maine-Orono, Fogler Library Special Collections Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1970 11-12 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Siobhan Senier Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource University of Maine Libraries. Used with permission. We also consulted with the family of editor Tom Battiste, including his sister Marie Battiste and widow Susan Battiste. We thank Desiree Nagy at the University of Maine for making the digitized copies available. Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Document Date Created Date of creation of the resource. June 3, 2016 Description An account of the resource v. 1, no. 11-12 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource pdf Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DV-382 https://www.dawnlandvoices.org/collections/files/original/a0a047278f0c660e42281f62955481cb.pdf b1557da5a17ad97277077a81498165c3 PDF Text Text �� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Mi'kmaq Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Aroostook Indian (Sept.-Oct. 1970) Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource The Association of Aroostook Indians Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived University of Maine-Orono, Fogler Library Special Collections Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1970 09-10 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Siobhan Senier Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource University of Maine Libraries. Used with permission. We also consulted with the family of editor Tom Battiste, including his sister Marie Battiste and widow Susan Battiste. We thank Desiree Nagy at the University of Maine for making the digitized copies available. Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Document Date Created Date of creation of the resource. June 3, 2016 Description An account of the resource v. 1, no. 10 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource pdf Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DV-381 https://www.dawnlandvoices.org/collections/files/original/d88a69454d41f8ca52fc4258d1deb76d.pdf ef9c71d8a614a2bf98bf59e2bfcdcb1f PDF Text Text �� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Mi'kmaq Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Aroostook Indian (June 1970) Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource The Association of Aroostook Indians Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived University of Maine-Orono, Fogler Library Special Collections Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1970-06 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Siobhan Senier Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource University of Maine Libraries. Used with permission. We also consulted with the family of editor Tom Battiste, including his sister Marie Battiste and widow Susan Battiste. We thank Desiree Nagy at the University of Maine for making the digitized copies available. Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Document Date Created Date of creation of the resource. June 3, 2016 Description An account of the resource v. 1, no. 9 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource pdf Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DV-380 https://www.dawnlandvoices.org/collections/files/original/9498b87f59a87453965390c961a1c855.pdf 197bb48713512c18f0fe2911833694f4 PDF Text Text �� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Mi'kmaq Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Aroostook Indian (May 1970) Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource The Association of Aroostook Indians Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1970-05 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Siobhan Senier Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource University of Maine Libraries. Used with permission. We also consulted with the family of editor Tom Battiste, including his sister Marie Battiste and widow Susan Battiste. We thank Desiree Nagy at the University of Maine for making the digitized copies available. Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Document Date Created Date of creation of the resource. June 3, 2016 Description An account of the resource v. 1, no 8 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource pdf Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DV-379 https://www.dawnlandvoices.org/collections/files/original/3b1c011d70e7a2bf39d1305c116d8ed7.pdf 6bed4098e3c857a0a0e6f6aa334b93af PDF Text Text �� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Mi'kmaq Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Aroostook Indian (April 1970) Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource The Association of Aroostook Indians Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived University of Maine-Orono, Fogler Library Special Collections Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1970-04 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Siobhan Senier Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource University of Maine Libraries. Used with permission. We also consulted with the family of editor Tom Battiste, including his sister Marie Battiste and widow Susan Battiste. We thank Desiree Nagy at the University of Maine for making the digitized copies available. Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Document Date Created Date of creation of the resource. June 3, 2016 Description An account of the resource v. 1, no. 7 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource pdf Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DV-378 https://www.dawnlandvoices.org/collections/files/original/370abd74a083ac3323b09ef4776da2b4.pdf 813aeef04ded0f91a50fde232448fca0 PDF Text Text �� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Mi'kmaq Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Aroostook Indian (March 1970) Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource The Association of Aroostook Indians Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived University of Maine-Orono, Fogler Library Special Collections Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1970-03 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Siobhan Senier Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource University of Maine Libraries. Used with permission. We also consulted with the family of editor Tom Battiste, including his sister Marie Battiste and widow Susan Battiste. We thank Desiree Nagy at the University of Maine for making the digitized copies available. Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Document Date Created Date of creation of the resource. June 3, 2016 Description An account of the resource v. 1, no. 6 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource pdf Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DV-377 https://www.dawnlandvoices.org/collections/files/original/7b65820817bbe419f9387a2f7c7efb00.pdf 58c16a615fd6659a5b14bfaac933f707 PDF Text Text �� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Mi'kmaq Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Aroostook Indian (January 1970) Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource The Association of Aroostook Indians Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived University of Maine, Fogler Library Special Collections Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1970-01 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Siobhan Senier Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource University of Maine Libraries. Used with permission. We also consulted with the family of editor Tom Battiste, including his sister Marie Battiste and widow Susan Battiste. We thank Desiree Nagy at the University of Maine for making the digitized copies available. Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Document Date Available Date (often a range) that the resource became or will become available. June 3, 2016 Description An account of the resource v. 1, no. 4 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource pdf Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DV-376 https://www.dawnlandvoices.org/collections/files/original/7623866131c4a6e62aecf271892fb7ca.pdf d28178e187e1da632739ca15c49f80ef PDF Text Text �� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Mi'kmaq Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Aroostook Indian (Oct. 1969) Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource The Association of Aroostook Indians Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived University of Maine-Orono, Fogler Library Special Collections Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1969-10 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Siobhan Senier Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource University of Maine Libraries. Used with permission. We also consulted with the family of editor Tom Battiste, including his sister Marie Battiste and widow Susan Battiste. We thank Desiree Nagy at the University of Maine for making the digitized copies available. Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Document Date Created Date of creation of the resource. June 3, 2016 Description An account of the resource The inaugural issue (v. 1, no. 1) of this newsletter. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource pdf Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DV-375 https://www.dawnlandvoices.org/collections/files/original/1855df4dd95110afa1b65d4850e32ff0.jpg ae094735eff93e4600486d2bc5e08dbf https://www.dawnlandvoices.org/collections/files/original/de31fb94ba75683045501161d08b1887.pdf c914e98d942d9bcb8f5c4c09b50f1dce PDF Text Text Trenching Alice Azure Unexpectedly they arrived by mail—baby saplings wrapped in woodsy moss ready to be planted, watered, nourished there and then— but we were packed to go away that day, headed south for a few weeks of fun. I examined labels attached to tender stems— tiny rhododendrons mixed with wee azaleas destined to be all the spring colors I imagined— deep rose reds, bright, bright whites, pinks, lavender— and as instructions read, a shallow trench I dug, laid the saplings on their sides, covered roots with coarse peat and dirt to hold them until my return. That was the best that I could do like our mother— when she put us in the Cromwell Children’s Home. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Mi'kmaq Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource "Trenching" by Alice Azure Description An account of the resource Alice Azure was born July 30, 1940 in North Adams, Massachusetts. Her father, Joseph Alfred Hatfield, was born in Yarmouth, Nova Scotia, but grew up in northern Maine and New Hampshire. He was of French, Dutch, and Mi'kmaq descent. Azure's mother, Catherine Pedersen, was born in West Springfield, Massachusetts, but spent her formative years in Mandal, Norway from about 1924 to 1934. She was of Norwegian descent. At the age of seven, family strife sent Azure and her siblings to live in the Cromwell Children’s Home in Connecticut. Azure lived there from 1951 to 1959. She attended the University of Iowa, earning an M.A. degree in urban and regional planning. <h4> Ancestry </h4> Azure was long unclear about her familial roots, and did not know to which tribe she belonged. After searching for 35 years, she wrote a memoir, Along Came a Spider, about her life and the struggles she went through to discover her ancestry. The title of this memoir comes from Azure’s discovery of her spiritual guide, Grandmother Spider. Azure speaks with Grandmother Spider throughout her memoir, who provides inspiration and tranquility. After years of research, a visit to Canada, and alliances with Metis groups in Nova Scotia, Azure was finally able to discover many of her old ancestors, dating as far back as the 17th century. She can officially say that she is of Mi’kmaq Metis descent, and her roots are in the Kespu'kwitk District of Nova Scotia. Azure has also been granted recognition of aboriginal status as an Acadian descendant in Nova Scotia by the Association des Acadiens Metis-Sourquois (salt water people), who are located in Saulnierville, Digby County, Nova Scotia. <h4> Personal Life </h4> Azure has been married twice. She met her first husband, Tom Liljegren, at North Park College, where Azure attended as an undergrad. Though they did not have a lot in common, they were still able to fall in love, and were married in 1960. They had three children, Kathryn, Michael, and Patti. After twenty years of marriage, their busy schedules caused too much stress and indifference, which led to their divorce. Azure met her second husband, Alec Azure, many years before they married. They had been merely friends, visiting each other every so often. Over time, their relationship grew more serious, and they married in July of 1990. Unfortunately, Alec passed away after only two and a half years of marriage. Through her grief, Alice devoted more of her time to writing. <h4> Work and Writing </h4> Before she began writing, Azure worked in the United Way movement, starting as a volunteer in 1975, then as a professional in 1979. Except for a four-year period from mid-1990 to 1994, she remained a community planner in various local United Ways until her retirement in January 2005. She currently lives in Maryville, Illinois near her three grandchildren, where she is a member of the <a title="Wordcraft Circle of Native Writers and Storytellers" href="http://www.wordcraftcircle.org/">Wordcraft Circle of Native Writers and Storytellers</a> and the <a title="St. Louis Poetry Center" href="http://www.stlouispoetrycenter.org/">St. Louis Poetry Center.</a> Azure now focuses strongly on her poetry and writing. She now has her own <a title="website" href="aliceazure.com">website</a> where she keeps up with her blog. Aside from Along Came a Spider, she has published two other books, In Mik’maq Country: selected poems and stories, and Games of Transformation, (which won the 2012 Poetry award from the Worldcraft Circle of Native Writers and Storytellers). Azure’s poetry consistently delves into her past, and typically voices her wonders about the mysteries of her ancestry. This allows for the reader to engage with Azure, and understand the hardships and confusions that she has gone through. Yet in all of her poetry, there is never a strong sense of anger or resentment. It's always a reflection that is told through delicate descriptions, which makes her poetry very enjoyable to read. <h4> Literary Analysis </h4> One of Azure's strongest poems is Trenching (featured below). This poem is stunning on so many different levels. It is so hard hitting with it's unexpected ending that is incorporated perfectly. For Azure to drop the reader off like that she forces them to feel very much how she felt when she was left at an orphanage – to go from enjoying an ordinary, beautiful life, to taking a dramatic turn for a reason that is very hard to grasp. Azure’s best attribute in her writing is her attention to detail. In Trenching specifically, her descriptions of the small, delicate flowers are so vivid, which draws the reader’s attention, pulling them into a comfortable space that then gets yanked away. Azure’s attention to these small details is very similar to the description of her hands in Along Came a Spider, “I couldn’t help but notice how aged my hands and skin looked. All my life, it seems, I’ve had grandmotherly looking hands—brown, vieny, big and boney. An artist would have quite a time drawing my hands, catching the play of light on the branched, protruding veins, the prominent bones. The skin of my lower arms is so textured and leathery-looking, too, a busy network of lines all connected to pores—like the geodesic domes designed by R. Buckminister Fuller.” (83) Lastly, Azure’s emphasis on the flower’s future colors is very interesting, since she pays great attention to the “bright, bright whites.” Why are the whites brighter than the other colors? Perhaps this is an inclination to white Americans who repress Native Indians and feel as though they should grow up like a white person. Many Indian children were taken from their homes and placed into orphanages and boarding schools in order to be raised as a white child, in the hopes that this would eradicate the Native Indian population. This arouses the question; did Azure feel as if she was one of these children in the Cromwell Home? She has not directly addressed this, but she does not look at her time in the Children’s Home as a negative experience, and she is very proud of her native ancestry. <h4> References</h4> "35.1." The Florida Review. Retrieved 10 April 2013. Adams, Faye. "<a title="Interview: Alice M. Azure" href="http://www.stlbooks.com/bookscape/?p=1581">Interview: Alice M. Azure</a>". STLbooks. Retrieved 4/2/13. Along Came A Spider. Bowman Books, Mayville, IL, 2011. Azure, Alice (2007). In Mi'kmaq County: selected poems & stories. Chicago, IL: Albatross Press. p. inside cover. "Contributors." Past and Current Contributors. Native Literatures. Retrieved 10 April 2013. Francis, Lee (January 1994). Word Trails: Wordcraft Circle Quarterly Journal 1 (1): 6. "<a title="Honors and Awards 2012" href="http://www.wordcraftcircle.org/honors-and-awards/">Honors and Awards 2012.</a>" Wordcraft Circle of Native Writers and Storytellers. Retrieved 17 April 2013. Micmac Maliseet Nations News: 18, 22, 23, 25,. August - November 1995. Moore, MariJo (2006). Eating Fire, Tasting Blood: An Anthology of the American Indian Holocaust. Pegasus 1960: The North Park Literature and Arts Review 31: 10. 1960. Rankovic, Catherine. "<a title="Talking with: Alice Azure, Native American Author" href="http://www.bookeval.com/2011-blog/item/170-talking-with-alice-azure-native-american-poet-and-author">Talking With:Alice Azure, Native American Author</a>". Interview with Alice Azure. Book Eval. Retrieved 10 April 2013. Smith, R.T. (January 2004). Shenandoah: The Washington and Lee University Review 54 (3). Straus, Terry; E. Donald Two Rivers (1994). Skins: Drumbeats from City: 12–13. Straus, Terry; Grant P. Amdt (1998). The Native Chicago. Zoominfo. "<a title="Alice M. Azure" href="http://www.zoominfo.com/p/Alice-Azure/1255906831">Alice. M. Azure</a>". Web references. zoominfo.com. Retrieved 5 April 2013. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Jessica Goudreault, UNH '14 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant North Adams, Massachusetts Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Azure, Alice Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource n.d. Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Still Image, Document Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource jpeg, pdf Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DV-299 https://www.dawnlandvoices.org/collections/files/original/62abef4abf909ce231f0fad519ef0595.jpg 5c86073075fefc4a7ca07247e8c75e50 https://www.dawnlandvoices.org/collections/files/original/5eb33434176636538b911a6668c86645.jpg 6739789a70062a7679fbc8d05e1b441b Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Mi'kmaq Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Hair Basket (c. 1880-1920) Description An account of the resource Hair Basket, c.1880-1920, sweetgrass & ash splint, Mi'kmaq, Housed at the Hopkinton Historical Society Probably made by Mi’kmaq Indians, this small fancy basket was used as a holding place for locks of hair ("Hair Basket"). Keeping hair for sentimental value, "possibly the curls from a first haircut or a memento of a deceased loved one," was popular during Victorian times ("Hair Basket"). This particular basket belonged to Rose Putney Hanson of Hopkinton whose "grandfather, True Putney (1849-1904), remembered Native Americans coming to Hopkinton to sell baskets" ("Hair Basket"). This cylindrical basket is made out of ash splints and sweetgrass. The top edge of the basket is lined with ash splint lace, which was "used by Native basketmakers and was also sold to non-Native basketmakers such as the Shakers"("Hair Basket"). The inside of the basket has dyed purple splints but the outside splints probably lost their color because of sunlight exposure. Sweetgrass has a sweet scent that lasts long after the grass has been dried: "A popular grass that was used then and is still used today is sweetgrass, which is also a sacred grass used in Mi'kmaq ceremonies such as the sweetgrass ceremony that purifies and cleanses body, spirit, and mind" (Sark). This basket is included in the archive because it emphasizes Mi’kmaq culture. <h4>The Significance of the Material</h4> One of the ways that the basket showcases Mi’kmaq culture is through its material. More than simple material, the sweetgrass in this basket has a deeper meaning. It is a plant that has a spiritual connotation. One version of the <a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rQvup95nhvk">Mi'kmaq creation story</a> explains how Kluskap's nephew was created by the joining of sweetgrass and the sea: "To honor Kluskap's nephew we braid the sweetgrass, the hair of mother earth" (A Mi'kmaq Creation Story). Basket materials, through their difficult procurement and association with the creation story, are just as important as the basket itself. This hair basket represents tradition, culture, and the hard work and careful mastery of Mi’kmaq basketmakers. <h4>The Contribution of Baskets to Mi'kmaq Culture</h4> Mi'kmaqs have been making baskets for generations. The Mi'kmaqs adapted to economical change brought on by the Europeans by changing the types of baskets they made. Baskets were very important before contact with Europeans and were used for storage and the transportation of goods (Sark). After the Europeans arrived, Mi'kmaqs began trading baskets to Europeans in exchange for materials they did not have and these baskets were utilitarian in nature (Sark). In addition, baskets and the technique of basketmaking were used for the procurement of food: "They contributed to Mi'kmaq survival also by being used for fishing purposes: 'The larger fish were caught most commonly by two methods: one was to build a weir across the stream and to place a basket net in the mouth of a small opening. When the basket filled, it would be emptied and returned to the water'" (Sark). Later on during the 1800s, Mi'kmaqs made both utilitarian baskets and fancy baskets. Utilitarian baskets were sold to farmers during harvests to hold potatoes and other items (Carter). Unfortunately, the farmers overlooked the quality of the baskets and baskets did not sell for the price they were worth (Carter). Fancy baskets, on the other hand, were more decorative and could sell for a higher price. These baskets were appreciated for their art and intricate detail (Sark). <h4>The Creation of a Basket</h4> Making a basket is a difficult procedure. In his article, "<a href="http://capebretonsmagazine.com/modules/publisher/item.php?itemid=36">Making a Micmac Basket</a>," Roland Caplan explains how a Mi'kmaq basket is made with the instruction of Ellen Googoo, a long time Mi'kmaq basketmaker. The materials, he explains, are hard to come by: "the right wood is not easy to find. It must have good straight grain and no knots" (Caplan 3). The tree must also have "the right texture and the right sap" so that it will split right (Sark). Once the splints are made, they must be smoothed: "The step of smoothing is known as Nultaguan" (Caplan 4). A crooked knife, which has a handle with a curve to it, is used for this process (4). Once the splints are made, it is possible to dye them in different colors. Alternatively, the splints can be left to their natural color. Although commercial dye was used often in the 1800s, natural dye was also sometimes used: "When Mi'kmaq women wanted to include colour in their baskets, they could also dye strips of reed and grass, using berries in various concentrations to create the colours they wanted" (Sark). Different designs, colors, and ways of weaving the baskets each have a meaning and illustrate the artistic skill and passion of basketmakers. Even plain baskets have different widths of splints and patterns of weaving. There are various basket styles from plainer utalitarian baskets to fancy baskets decorated with quillwork. They are all a part of Mi'kmaq culture. <h4>Other Mi'kmaq Crafts</h4> Mi'kmaq Indians are also known for their quillwork on baskets and birchbark. Quillwork is intricate and like basketry takes time and patience. Although few people are left who specialize in quillwork, classes and renewed interest are helping to keep this tradition alive. For example, “<a href="http://nsbg.chebucto.org/QuillBasketrybyGeorgePaul.pdf">The Mi’kmaq Tradition of Quill Basket Making</a>” describes the positive energy created by a quillwork class conducted by Mi’kmaq artisan Beverly Julian of Millbrook: “A sense of Mi’kmaq Pride resonated in a classroom downstairs at the Wagmatook Cultural center just before Christmass 2010” (Paul). The class has encouraged many students to pass down their skills to the next generation (Paul). The continuance of basket making relies on the teaching of the traditions to the younger generation. Their adaptability helps the tradition survive. <a href="http://www.folkstreams.net/film,94">Our Lives in Our Hands</a> also depicts a basket making class filled with students of all ages. Although few people were making baskets, renewed interest is increasing the number of basketmakers as well as the number of people interested in purchasing baskets. <h4>The Economics of Basketmaking</h4> The mid to late 1900s were difficult for the Mi'kmaqs especially before their federal recognition in 1980 (Carter). Mechanization on farms made baskets obsolete and the allure of cheap machine-made objects easily shadowed the hard work and mastery that goes into making a basket (Carter). However, basketmaking is again making its way to the forefront. Various basketmakers, Mi'kmaq and otherwise, are emphasizing their handmade craft as something that is worth paying a high price for. For example, Rita Smith, was a basketmaker also known for her work for the First Nation Horton reserve. <a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mon-BulWBGw">This video</a> shows her teaching her grandchildren about basketmaking. In a world were most objects are mass produced by machines, a handmade object heavily stands out as representative of culture and physical skill. This basket is important because it demonstrates the skill, adaptability, and devotion to detail and art of the Mi’kmaq people during a time that was historically very difficult. Despite changes in the economy as well as pressure from the Europeans to think and act in different ways, they were able to keep basket making, quillwork, and other traditions alive. <h4>Works Cited</h4> A Mi'kmaq Creation Story. Youtube. Youtube, 16 June 2011. Web. 27 June 2012. Caplan, Ronald. "Making a MicMac Basket." Cape Breton's Magazine 1 Jan. 1973: 3-5. Print. Carter, Karen, and Harold Prins, dirs. <a href="http://www.folkstreams.net/film,94">Our Lives in Our Hands</a>. Documentary Educational Resources, 1986. Film. "Hair Basket." Hopkinton Historical Society. Paul, George. "Quill Basketry." Nova Scotia Basketry Guild. Nova Scotia Basketry Guild, n.d. Web. Sark, Tiffany. "<a href="http://www.gov.pe.ca/firsthand/index.php3?number=44605&lang=E">Basket Weaving</a>." The Government of Prince Edward Island. Government of Prince Edward Island, 2001. Web. 27 June 2012. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource circa 1880-1920 Type The nature or genre of the resource Still Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource jpeg Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Unknown Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DV-276