11 10 189 https://www.dawnlandvoices.org/collections/files/original/c3aa03dd8ae4a3c6665d1c8f1da76359.pdf acbefbf83b29d8077d03e0c787cd8fb7 PDF Text Text ���� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Mi'kmaq Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <em>The Aroostook Indian</em> (May 1971) Description An account of the resource v. 3, no. 5 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource The Association of Aroostook Indians Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived University of Maine-Orono, Fogler Library Special Collections Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1971-05 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Julia Brush Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource University of Maine Libraries. Used with permission. We also consulted with the family of editor Tom Battiste, including his sister Marie Battiste and widow Susan Battiste. We thank Desiree Nagy at the University of Maine for making the digitized copies available. Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Document Date Created Date of creation of the resource. September 1, 2016 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource pdf https://www.dawnlandvoices.org/collections/files/original/0079e51fa10500713bddf19a885421f7.pdf 88a35454ec4ab4ea55f73ca8023e7a04 PDF Text Text ����� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Mi'kmaq Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <em>The Aroostook Indian</em> (June 1971) Description An account of the resource v. 3, no. 6 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource The Association of Aroostook Indians Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived University of Maine-Orono, Fogler Library Special Collections Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1971-06 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Julia Brush Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource University of Maine Libraries. Used with permission. We also consulted with the family of editor Tom Battiste, including his sister Marie Battiste and widow Susan Battiste. We thank Desiree Nagy at the University of Maine for making the digitized copies available. Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Document Date Created Date of creation of the resource. September 1, 2016 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource pdf https://www.dawnlandvoices.org/collections/files/original/f47fb9b144566f81418eb90309e368e3.pdf bd9bbdc7788bd9a0a22ac08b84ee8a43 PDF Text Text ��� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Mi'kmaq Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <em>The Aroostook Indian</em> (July 1971) Description An account of the resource v. 3, no. 7 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource The Association of Aroostook Indians Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived University of Maine-Orono, Fogler Library Special Collections Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1971-07 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Julia Brush Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource University of Maine Libraries. Used with permission. We also consulted with the family of editor Tom Battiste, including his sister Marie Battiste and widow Susan Battiste. We thank Desiree Nagy at the University of Maine for making the digitized copies available. Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Document Date Created Date of creation of the resource. September 1, 2016 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource pdf https://www.dawnlandvoices.org/collections/files/original/26a924ae3be8fa8f1ba6a0518fd7df92.pdf b20285dd32782618349dab51b42d3277 PDF Text Text ���� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Mi'kmaq Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <em>The Aroostook Indian</em> (Aug.-Sept. 1971) Description An account of the resource v. 3, no. 8-9 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource The Association of Aroostook Indians Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived University of Maine-Orono, Fogler Library Special Collections Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1971-08, 1971-09 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Julia Brush Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource University of Maine Libraries. Used with permission. We also consulted with the family of editor Tom Battiste, including his sister Marie Battiste and widow Susan Battiste. We thank Desiree Nagy at the University of Maine for making the digitized copies available. Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Document Date Created Date of creation of the resource. September 1, 2016 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource pdf https://www.dawnlandvoices.org/collections/files/original/2e5a1dc4ab19d91b1ca39ea978f5979e.pdf e097bec3f5e4471c86425fb9999eee86 PDF Text Text ����� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Mi'kmaq Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Aroostook Indian (October 1971) Description An account of the resource v. 3, no. 10 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource The Association of Aroostook Indians Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived University of Maine-Orono, Fogler Library Special Collections Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1971-10 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Julia Brush Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource University of Maine Libraries. Used with permission. We also consulted with the family of editor Tom Battiste, including his sister Marie Battiste and widow Susan Battiste. We thank Desiree Nagy at the University of Maine for making the digitized copies available. Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Document Date Created Date of creation of the resource. September 1, 2016 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource pdf https://www.dawnlandvoices.org/collections/files/original/0d21013ce6b9f0d6e2a312de01db04b1.pdf 188892d0ae06ce80ec16079b452d8b0b PDF Text Text ����� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Mi'kmaq Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <em>The Aroostook Indian</em> (November 1971) Description An account of the resource v. 3, no. 11 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource The Association of Aroostook Indians Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived University of Maine-Orono, Fogler Library Special Collections Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1971-11 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Julia Brush Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource University of Maine Libraries. Used with permission. We also consulted with the family of editor Tom Battiste, including his sister Marie Battiste and widow Susan Battiste. We thank Desiree Nagy at the University of Maine for making the digitized copies available. Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Document Date Created Date of creation of the resource. September 1, 2016 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource pdf https://www.dawnlandvoices.org/collections/files/original/ca70bf902b38a822adf7a12395d36141.pdf 345868d589f4982fa70059f87e7c130d PDF Text Text ����� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Mi'kmaq Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Aroostook Indian (December 1971) Description An account of the resource v. 3, no. 12 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource The Association of Aroostook Indians Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived University of Maine-Orono, Fogler Library Special Collections Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1971-12 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Julia Brush Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource University of Maine Libraries. Used with permission. We also consulted with the family of editor Tom Battiste, including his sister Marie Battiste and widow Susan Battiste. We thank Desiree Nagy at the University of Maine for making the digitized copies available. Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Document Date Created Date of creation of the resource. September 1, 2016 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource pdf Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DV-403 https://www.dawnlandvoices.org/collections/files/original/74316797958dcd1e98c100887d1dccf1.pdf 6ccccc64f6b7821d41ea22c451eba3e7 PDF Text Text A L B U Q U E R Q U E , i.il Non-profit Organization U.S. Postage Paid 3.1c Permit No. 15 Orono, Maine ; 7i l O W abanaki A llia n ce October 1979 Thieves take $2,000 from tribal office PLEASANT POINT — Nearly $2,000 in cash, checks, deeds and other valu ables were taken from a 200-pound safe stolen from the Passamaquoddy tribal community building Oct. 12, in early morning hours. Officers o f the Washington County Sheriffs department, assisted by tribal police, located the safe on South Meadow Road, near the reservation, several days following the theft. Its contents were missing, according to Passamaquoddy public safety officer. John Bailey. The exact amount taken was recorded at $1,915.. The stolen checks were reportedly found in a garbage bag behind the community building by Harold Sockabasin, a Pleasant Point resident. Sockabasin said he was walking his dog, when the animal uncovered the checks in the bag. Although thieves caused over $500 in damage to three doors to gain access to the building, the safe was opened without apparent damage, suggesting the possi bility of an "inside job.” Bailey said. The burglary was discovered about 7 a.m. by women who run the snack bar in the community building. The building’s night watchman leaves at 5 a.m. The burglary occurred at some point between those two times, Bailey said. The tribal police, who usually cruise the reservation until 7 a.m. had reported ly signed off at 5 a.m. that day. The Federal Bureau o f Investigation (FBI) joined the investigation because of the new federal status of the reserva tion. Land claim talks continue PORTLAND — The decision to extend a deadline on Maine Indian claims was delayed last month. Meanwhile, the lawyer for the 12.5 million acre claim says high level negotiations continue behind closed doors, under an agreement not to reveal any JOY — Happiness can be as simple as climbing on the jungle gym at Indian Township, as information to the press. Thomas N. Tureen, who has handled the these Passamaquoddy youngsters demonstrate. Penobscot-Passamaquoddy case the past eight years, said in a telephone conversation from his Portland office the tribal negotiat ing committee has agreed not to discuss new developments publicly. However, Tureen mentioned that a hearing on whether to grant an extension of time to negotiate an out-of-court claims , country,” and major crimes are subject to settlement is scheduled Nov. 1 in the BANGOR — William A. Holmes, 22, federal jurisdiction. Holmes may be the first chambers o f U.S. district court -Judge accused of manslaughter in the death of individual to be tried in federal court as a Edward T. Gignoux, Portland. Penobscot, Adrian Loring, 29, o f Indian result of that test-case ruling, known as the Island, has pleaded not guilty by reason of Sockabasin-Dana case. insanity. The manslaughter charge was In an interview, Silver said, “This is reduced from original charges o f murder, in the first serious (Indian) case that has been connection with the alleged July 14 slaying dismissed in state court and action taken in on the reservation. federal court.” Silver believes Holmes, an Holmes and his lawyer Warren M. Silver By Brenda Polchies Alabama native, will be tried “fairly of Bangor appeared Oct. 5 before U.S. Area Reporter quickly; I’ guessing that in the next three m Magistrate Edward H. Keith, after Silver HOULTON — Potato harvest has been in months there’ be a trial in federal court ll argued in state superior court that Maine progress for a few weeks and everyone is very right here in Bangor.” He said Judge had no jurisdiction on the Penobscot reser busy hand-picking potatoes, working on Edward Gignoux of Portland will probably vation, and the judge agreed, dismissing the m echanical harvesters, driving potato preside. Gignoux is known for favorable Holmes case. trucks, etc. The sight and smell of potatoes rulings in the Penobscot-Passamaquoddy The grounds for the dismissal had been are everywhere and if it's in your blood, the land claims case. laid earlier in the summer when the state urge to get out into the fields is very strong. Silver told Wabanaki Alliance that supreme court ruled unanimously that This is the time o f year when children are let (Continued on page 9) Indian reservations in Maine are “ Indian out o f school for three weeks to help bring in Holmes pleads innocent in Island manslaughter case The Nov. 1 hearing was granted by Gignoux at the request o f the triber. ac cording to Tureen. The matter o f an exten sion was not resolved at a hearing held in September. The latest claims extension expired Sept. 1 . 1 The federal government has requested a dozen extensions since the claims case was First filed in 1972. In recent developments, the state has retained former Nixon laywer James St. Clair as counsel for the claims case. Tribes are currently seeking about 300,000 acres in a $79 million settlement o f claims based on land taken without Congressional approval required under the 1790 nonintercourse act. Maine Indians face an April 1,1980 dead line for resolving claims. Indian families fake to fields for Aroostook potato harvest Township housing bids exceed budget INDIAN TOWNSHIP — Two bidders only offered estimates for construction o f 35 units o f housing at Peter Dana Point, and the Strip, on the Passamaquoddy reserva tion here. Neither bid was within a proposed budget. Housing director George Stevens Jr. told Wabanaki Alliance that Housing and Urban Development (HUD) “will have to give us an answer pretty soon. They have the ball. We had planned on starting in August or September, now it may be October,” he said. The bidders on the “phase three” federal Indian housing project were P. L. Willey of Caribou, and Shostak, of Augusta. Houses are estimated at $68,000 per unit in the current project. Already some planned houses have been assigned to tribal mem bers who are eligible. the potato crop and this gives them a big opportunity to earn extra money to buy school clothes, winter boots, and other needy essentials. Young people, housewives, and a surprising number o f professional people and old timers like to get involved in this activity which requires a lot o f stamina, physical strength, and, while in the fields, everyone must cope with the extremes of weather. Depending on what you are doing and in a good week, barring rain and machinery breakdown, you can bring home an average o f $160 to $200 per week. Particularly at this time too, large numbers of Maliseet and Micmac Indians from Canada come into Aroostook County to participate in the harvest and remain here for approximately three months o f the year to continue working to help finish up with the crop after the children have commenced classes. This minority migration, whole families which consist o f parents, brothers, sisters, uncles, aunts, and grandparents who move here and set up semi-permanent housekeeping arrangements, swells the pop ulation numbers and contributes favorably to the economy o f the county. Selling potato baskets takes on a brisk business and farmers who are still using the hand-picking method and are concerned about the condition o f their potatoes are practically begging for this much needed item. After all the hustle and frenzy of getting the potatoes in, things come to a standstill and the fields look very empty, forlorn, and lonely. �Page 2 Wabanaki Alliance October 1979 editorials Age as a resource From time to time this newspaper has carried stories about elderly Indian persons, their talents and skills. We print such stories with a special reverence, for we have com e to believe older people have a great deal to offer. The elders o f the Maine tribes, whether 60, 70 or 80 and m ore years old, possess a knowledge o f earlier times and old ways. The oldest surviving members o f the Maine Indian community are actually a link to the past century . . . before cars, planes, radio, plastic things and all the technilogical achievements we take for granted even existed. Older people may not know very much about computers and color TV, but they may remember how to weave baskets, how to trap and hunt, how to speak a language that is heading for oblivion. They may remember how to tell stories, and how to eke out a living during lean times when money and sometimes food were scarce. Perhaps, one could argue, the old people’ skills and knowledge s are obsolete today. W ho needs them? The answer is two-fold. First of all, those old skills are not so useless. In an age when we are returning to wholesome, natural foods; wood heat and an appreciation o f natural resources; living off the land, in harmony with nature’ balances, makes good sense. s Secondly, the old people’ knowledge gives Indians their roots. The s old people are the most traditional o f us all, because they have spent more years at it, and their memories may span a generation or two earlier. The tribal elders are living history books. They provide access to the past, and access to the lore and wisdom that can only be accumulated over decades. Indians traditionally respected their elders, and often let the old people make critical decisions. While this may not be entirely possible today, we have another suggestion: Let the old people visit the schools. Elderly men and women could share their memories and abilities with children o f all ages. A simple story re-told by an old person would be a priceless treat to a young Indian pupil largely unaware o f his or her heritage. A lesson in making snowshoes, pack baskets, moccasins or beadwork could capture children’ imagination. s Why not establish a program to bring the elderly tribal members into the classroom on a regular basis, presenting workshops on a variety o f Indian topics? Not to understand and listen to our old people is to lose a wonderful resource. THREE GENERATIONS — Albert Dana, left, an expert fishing guide at Indian Township, enjoys the company of nephew Joe Hamois, and one year old Sean Cote, son of Audrey and Anthony Cote. Dana is a board member of this newspaper. Poetry The Kennebecs Questions/Answers We look, searchingly, to others only to find mirroring quests can we find our answers through the eyes of creation? or by listening to the earth? by watching the sky? Is it under the rocks or ocean? or in the death we’ taught to fear, re the coming o f darkness o f night. Red Hawk Untitled The night was tainted by my painted face at the bar. More wine, song and dance to a rumpled morning. Loved by no one and screwed again. (The Abenaki was a loose confederation o f five Maine tribes. The last Kennebecs died over one hundred years ago — their language is dead. Elements o f the four tribes remain.) The Kennebecs are gone like the elk’ breath in winter. s Echoes ring Abenaki councils touch the Passamaquoddy memory moves the Micmac and Maliseet portent stirs the Penobscot. Their words are lost and leaf mold covers flint chips. Arnold Perrin Belfast Red Hawk B u reau cratese Wabanaki Alliance Vol.3,No.lO October 1979 Published monthly by the Division of Indian Services [DIS] at the Indian Resource Center, 95 Main St., Orono, Me. 04473. Steven Cartwright, Editor William O ’ Neal, Ass’ Editor t. DIS Board of Directors Jean Chavaree [chairman] John Bailey, Public Safety Coordinator Albert Dana, Tribal Councilor Timothy Love, Representative to State Legislature Jeannette Neptune, Community Development Director Jeannette LaPlante, Central Maine Indian Assoc. Susan Desiderio, Assn, of Aroostook Indians Maynard Polchies, President, Aroostook Indians Melvin L. Vicaire, Central Maine Indian Assn. Reuben C. Cleaves, Representative to State Legislature Indian Island Pleasant Point Indian Township Indian Island Indian Township Orono Houlton Houlton Mattawamkeag Pleasant Point DIS is an agency of Diocesan Human Relations Services, Inc. of Maine. Subscriptions to this newspaper are available by writing to Wabanaki Alliance, 95 Main St., Orono, Me. 04473. Diocesan Human Relations Services and DIS are a non-profit corporation. Contri butions are deductible for income tax purposes. Will inflated words never cease? We are living in an age o f bu zz words, big words and bogus words. People no longer “d o ” things; they “ impact” or “implement” things. But d o they honestly d o any thing at all? Why not use plain talk to describe something simply and clearly? We live in the noun age. We hear about “facilitation” instead of action; “capability” and “specialist” instead o f skill and worker. Where has good old-fashioned skilled work gone? Many o f these puffy words are obvious attempts to impress the reader that something very important is going on. A recent press release from the Interior Department says “Acting Bureau o f Indian Affairs deputy Commissioner Sidney L. Mills has announced that the M inneapolis Area Office reorganization task force is working on the implementation o f the reorganization o f the M ineapolis office. The final restructuring o f the office is scheduled to be completed by April 1980.” We can hardly wait. �Wabanaki Alliance October 1979 Page 3 letters Prison culture group Father was guide New York City Elmira, N.Y. To the editor: To the editor: I am writing for five reasons. First to say I read your account o f your trip down the Allagash. “thank you” for your efforts through the When I was only a small boy my father Alliance. A friend o f mine receives your guided hunting parties down the Allagash. paper, and that is how I learned o f you, Mostly businessmen from Boston and New which brings me to the second reason for York. I used to listen to his stories about the writing. I would like very much to receive trips and I always swore I would make the your paper if this is possible. We Natives in trip myself someday. prison hear very little concerning our people My father didn’ remain a guide for long. t out there. To receive your paper would be He only made two or three trips. He became both an honor and also a need cared for. disgusted with his charges. He said, “They Third, would you be interested in printing shoot a moose and they only take the head. some Native poetry and articles I have They leave the rest o f the body to rot!” He written? I would be glad to send them, just didn’ want to be a part of it, so he quit. But t say the word. Yawaha. My fourth reason for he loved the woods, and if it hadn’ been for t writing is to ask you if it’ possible to get the s the slaughter, he probably would have con address of a chief you spoke o f in a past tinued to guide parties whenever he could edition. His name is Chief William Rattle have gotten away from the farm. snake Jackson, of the Southeastern Chero I guess he must have communicated his kee Confederation, Inc., Georgia. love o f nature and the woods to me. When My fifth purpose in writing you is o f great ever we went for walks together and he saw a importance. We Native Americans, present new bird or plant or flower, he would point ly confined in Elmira Correctional Facility, it out to me and tell me about it and what Elmira, New York, have been approved to made it special. begin a Native American Culture Group. Before I close I want to tell you that you We are in need o f support, not actually did a fine job on that story. You not only monitary support, but rather we need items made the story come alive, but the people as such as literature (strictly Native American well. Incidentally, you can tell Nick Dow cultural material, past and present). Also we that my dad used to paddle standing up too. are looking for small bead looms, needles, And I’ seen him flip the water out with a ve beads, etc. We are also looking for distribu paddle until it was dry. And lots o f other tors of Native American books, films, and tricks, too. We spent a lot o f time together tapes so we might purchase these things for on the water, when we weren’ too busy with t our group. “And we need your spiritual the chores on the farm. support.” Thanks for bringing back a lot of We are ambitious, and very concerned memories. with establishing a permanent culture group Charley Colcord here — not only for our own good — but for the good of all Natives to unfortunately follow us through this prison. Any and ail support, or letters o f interest would be very New Britain, Ct. much appreciated with deep gratitude. And To the editor: Wabanaki Alliance, thank you for being I will appreciate information about your there. work and resources. I am compiling a file on Andrew F. Ramage resources of Indians in the Eastern United States, for use o f students in my courses. #77a-2502, Elmira Jack A. Lucas Correctional Facility, Associate Professor New York 14902. An inquiry Lost c friend To the editor: Haven’ received my August issue yet, and t I feel that I’ lost a friend! No letter from ve home during August! Perhaps my subscrip tion has run out. Please renew. Thank you so much. Jean Watson Alaska request Unalaska, Alaska To the editor: Would it be possible for you to send a couple of issues o f the Wabanaki Alliance newspaper to me? The Indians here are very interested in what the paper contains; etc. I would appreciate your reply/newspaper. Glenda Currier A SWINGER — Stephanie Bailey, five, of Pleasant Point, gets a posh from Ricky Soctomah, while her brother Peter, eight, and Percy Moore, seven, look on. Police incident points to deeper conflict AKWESASNE — Strife at the 27,000 acre St. Regis Mohawk reservation here stems not so much from a recent confrontation with white man’ law, but from the collision s of traditional Indian and modern non-In dian values. According to recent reports in Akwesasne Notes and The New York Times, from 50-200 Mohawks barricaded their homes following a police raid involving reservation and New York State Police. The raid followed the arrest o f traditional Chief Loran Thompson, charged with grand larceny after he seized chainsaws belonging to a reservation YACC (Young Adult Con servation Corps) program. But the conflict runs deeper. Thompson represents an undetermined number of the Mohawks who call themselves traditional. Another group of reservation Mohawks follow elected leaders. The YACC crew, part o f a federal project, was clearing land to Health center explains appointment rules The Penobscot Indian Medical Center operates on an appointment system. The system is designed to give you quality health care with less waiting time. When you request an appointment, it facilitates matters if you state a reason for the appointment. Different procedures re quire different lengths o f time. For example: a physical examination requires 30-40 min utes, a sick patient may require more or less time, a change of dressing about ten minutes and a shot just a few minutes. This is important to know, so that we can give you as prompt an appointment as possible. Emergencies have priority. If you come or call in the morning you may get an appointment that very day. How ever, appointments may be scheduled many days ahead, if the appointment schedule is filled. When you come for your appoint ment, check with the receptionist and let her know you have arrived. Wait in the waiting room area until your name is called. If you are unable to keep an appointment, please, try to notify the clinic in advance and make another appointment, if needed. When you are late for an appointment, the appointment becomes invalid, but you may be seen as a walk-in patient. Other patients may be seen ahead o f you. Walk-in patients will be seen on a firstcome-first-serve basis as can be worked in between appointments. PRIMER — Passamaqaoddy language teacher Lorraine Gabriel, right, works with pupils at Indian Township elementary school. Students have one native language lesson per day. erect fences. Lawyer William M. Kunstler of New York City said fencing in Mohawks contradicts Indian culture. Kunstler ap pealed to New York Governor Carey to avoid a confrontation that could be worse than the 1973 Wounded Knee incident in South Dakota. Traditionals argue that the 1794 treaty of Canandaigua says Indian legal disputes must be settled by a council o f chiefs. That treaty was made between the U.S. and Six Nations (Mohawk. Oneida, Onandaga, Cay uga, Seneca and Tuscarora). The Six Nation Iroquois confederacy was founded at least 400 years ago. Meanwhile, some Senecas, on the Cattar augus and Allegheny reservations, call them selves modem Indians — with programs for health, vocational training, housing. But Tonawanda Senecas, on another reserva tion, reject the influences and programs from outside. If you have any questions or feel you have some special problems, please contact Ruth Davis or Phoebe Gray by calling 827-6101. You can make an appointment by con tacting the receptionist at the medical facility at any time between 8:00 a.m. and 4:30 p.m., Monday through Friday. The number is 827-6101. Indian Cookery Sweet Pickled Beaver 1 beaver, skinned and cleaned Vz cup vinegar 1tablespoon salt 2 teaspoons soda 2 tablespoons dry mustard 3 tablespoons mixed pickling spice 1 teaspoon cinnamon Vzteaspoon ground cloves Vz cup brown sugar Vz cup dry white wine or apple juice 1 cup pineapple juice Juice and grated rind o f 1 lemon Wash beaver thoroughly with salt water, then let soak overnight in enough cold water to cover, adding Vz cup vinegar and 1 table spoon salt to the water. The next day, remove the beaver from the brine, wash and cover with a solution o f 2 teaspoons soda to 2 quarts o f water. Bring to a boil, reduce heat and simmer 10 minutes. Drain and rinse the beaver, then place it in a clean pot. Add water just to cover. Sprinkle mixed pickling spice on top, bring to a boil, reduce heat and simmer 20 minutes. Drain and rinse beaver, pat dry and place in roaster. Mix mustard, spices, sugar, wine and fruit juices and spread over beaver. Cover and roast at 325° F. until tender, basting frequently. �Page 4 Wabanaki Alliance October 1979 An Indian decides to play it straight ORONO — Tom Thurlow has reached the age of 30, but the turning point in his life is not age, but attitude. Thurlow has just been released from Maine State Prison, although he had been working outside prison walls for several months through a pre-release center in Bangor. Kicking criminal habits hasn’ been t easy for Thurlow, currently employed by Central Maine Indian Association o f Orono. “All along, since I’ been getting into ve trouble. I’ been figuring it’ a game. I was ve s in state school; I was in the correctional institute; and I was in Thomaston,” said Thurlow, adding, “And when I was in the service, I was at Leavenworth.” Tom Thurlow Thurlow spent several years at Pleasant Point Passamaquoddy reservation with his mother, Gloria Moore, who died seven years ago. He attended Portland High School, dropped out, and later received his GED in the Army, where he spent two years. Thurlow dubbed Maine State Prison “the criminal school.” He said, “You’ be sur d prised what you learn in there. How to get around alarm systems . . Thurlow said crime quickly becomes an inevitable way of life, “Especially if you meet guys when you’ out that you knew when you were re inside. They say, hey, come with us, we’ ve got a big score.” Tom Thurlow is playing straight now, and he thinks he can keep it up. “I decided I’ d just had enough o f it. And I was ready for a change,” he said. “My brother’ in Cum s berland County jail right now,” he added. Thurlow also has two sisters living in South Portland. Thurlow was sentenced one year ago to 18 months in prison, on aggravated assault charges. He has also faced breaking and entering charges. He would still be in prison were it not for the five-year-old pre-release center, a concept he praised. Now that Thurlow has been discharged, he wants to work with Maine’ inmate popu s lation, providing counseling and other information. Ironically, while at the pre release center, Thurlow was not permitted within prison walls. He can now visit Thomaston, Maine Youth Center at South Portland, and Maine Correctional Center at South Windham. Thurlow wants to “reach” Indian inmates and try to give them something to hope and work for. “It’ not just the Maine tribes; s we’ got the Sioux, Cherokee,” he said. ve As an example o f his work, Thurlow de scribed a 14-year-old boy at Maine Youth Center. Thurlow has found officials “more than willing” to cooperate in attempts to find a home for the boy, where he could get a fresh start on life. Central Maine Indian Association is seeking 515,000 for Thurlow’ project, and s CMIA director Tom Vicaire is all in favor of it. At a recent supper and meeting o f CMIA membership and staff, Vicaire called Thur low a hardworking and valuable employee. Thurlow said he had never heard o f CMIA until he met Richard Tompkins, a Micmac and fellow inmate at Thomaston. Thurlow hopes to help inmates find jobs and stay straight. Most o f all, he wants to travel around the state, “Making sure that if they want to talk to someone, there’ someone to s talk to.” New fishing regulations provide for tribes per week for gill netting and for purse seining. The granting of additional fishing time to the Indians is grounded in numerous court tests, including the landmark decision of The new regulations will be effective U.S. v. Washington, which held that treaties immediately since the salmon season began o f 1854 and 1855 give the Indian tribes the June 24th. opportunity to catch one-half the total U.S. The area affected by the regulations is in catch in the Indians’ accustomed fishing places. This arrangement was upheld in a and around the Strait of Juan de Fuca, which separates the southern end of different case by the U.S. District Court in a Vancouver Island, Canada, from the north test brought in 1977 by non-Indian fisher edge of the Olympic Peninsula in the United men of the Puget Sound area. Last year, the Indians, with an additional States, and in Northern Puget Sound. These s are the waters where Puget Sound meets the day’ fishing each week, caught 18 percent Pacific Ocean, and where major runs of of the U.S. share o f sockeye salmon. It is salmon are expected to seek their native expected that they will catch about the same streams in the Fraser River system for percentage o f the combined U.S. sockeye and pink salmon catch this year. spawning this summer. The terms o f the U.S.-Canada treaty Non-Indian fishermen will be allowed a require an equal split o f the fish between the basic two days per week o f sockeye and pink two countries and adequate escapement to salmon fishing this season under regulations perpetuate the runs in future years. The of the International Pacific Salmon Fisher Departments o f Commerce and the Interior ies Commission (IPSFC). Following the will perform a continuing monitoring service pattern set over the last two years, the State to carry out needed adjustments in the Department approved the regulations on fishery throughout the season in response to May 30, except as to U.S. Indians fishing information provided by the IPSFC to be under the regulations o f the Interior sure terms o f the Canadian Treaty are met. Department. Canadian Indian subsistence Fishermen are kept advised o f these changes fishing is not regulated by the IPSFC, by hot-line telephone service. although it also occurs in waters coming The Indians affected by the regulations under the joint U.S.-Canadian treaty which are the Makah Tribe, the Lower Elwha and established the IPSFC. Port Gamble Bands o f the Clallam Tribe, Between July 15 and September 22 in Suquamish Tribe, Lummi Tribe, Noosack designated areas the regulations allow the Tribe, Swinomish Indian Tribal Community treaty Indians about two additional nights and Tulalip Tribe. WASHINGTON— Extra sockeye salmon fishing time under long-standing treaty rights will be provided members o f eight Washington State Indian tribes. Dan Mitchell employs traditional ash splitter In making work baskets. The triangular device through which ash is pulled and separated belonged to Teddy Bear Mitchell, a relative. Erlichman says tribes need spokesman SPOKANE, Wash. — John Erlichman, former White House staff member to dis graced President Nixon, told Indian leaders here that tribes who do not assert their water rights may lose them. “Obviously tribes can’ outnumber the t opposition. To gain political clout you’ got ve to out think them,” Erlichman told United Indian Planners, at their August conven tion. He urged Indians to have a single spokesman similar to the late Martin Luther King Jr., who spoke for blacks in the U.S. “When he spoke the White House listened,” Erlichman said. Erlichman noted that tax dollars are “getting tight,” and minority programs may lose funding; also, energy resources located on reservations are being eyed by a needy nation. Commenting on a seige o f Bureau of Indian Affairs headquarters in 1972, Erlich man said that Nixon at the time was con sidering revamping the Washington, D.C. offices, but gave up the idea after Indians occupied them as a protest. Erlichman warned against “political duress” or violence, saying Indians will have to be politicians, “ as odious as that sounds.” Aroostook Notes By Brenda Polchies Area Correspondent CARIBOU — A successful Community Garden which consisted o f tomatoes, tur nips, onions, and green and yellow beans has been harvested. Ten acres o f privately owned property was rented locally in Caribou on the Van Buren Road but five acres was actually planted and harvested with the help o f workers from the Migrant and Seasonal Farmworkers program. Be cause 150 lbs. o f onion sets had to be planted by hand, extensive volunteer help was recruited. Those involved in planting and harvesting the garden were Elizabeth Zemicke, Peter McDonald and family, Marylou Caparotta and family, the Connelly family, Helen Ciganik, and Nancy Bither. Vegetables were divided equally and dis tributed to Indian families throughout j Aroostook County. Plans are being made to plant a larger garden for next year. HOULTON — A late afternoon going away party was held recently here at the Association o f Aroostook Indians office in Corrections A story in September’ Wabanaki Alli s ance about Kristin Johnson, a Penobscot girl caught up in racial tensions in Alabama, incorrectly identified Indian Island resident, Ruth Davis, as Kristin’ aunt. Mrs. Davis is s her grandmother. A report in last month’ Wabanaki Alli s ance about Indian Olympics at University of Maine at Orono should have credited Indian Island recreation committee with organizing the event, according to Michael Ranco, committee member. Ranco said four Island youths received outstanding athletic awards: Debbie Clavette, Chris Ranco, Joe Knapp and Sherri Mitchell. Houlton to honor Fred Moore o f Pleasant Point. Moore recently completed a summer long assignment at the AAI through a work release program from the Aroostook County Half-way House in Houlton. Co-workers, staff workers, and friends were in attend ance at the gathering and presented gifts and good wishes to Moore. Cake and re freshments were served. He plans to do some travelling in the States but mail can reach him at Pleasant Point, Perry, Maine 04667. Do you have a drinking problem? Wabanaki Corporation offers an alco holism program for Indian people who need help because o f problems with alcohol. If you have such a problem- and need help, or know o f someone in need, please contact the Alcoholism Counselor in your community or area. Indian Island — Alcoholism Counselors — Clarence Francis — Rosalie Murphy — 207-866-5577. Indian Township — Alcoholism Coun selors — James Mitchell — Bernard Stevens — 207-796-2321. Association o f Aroostook Indians — Alcoholism Counselors — Pious Perley — Harriet Perley — 207-762-3571. Pleasant Point — Alcoholism Counse lors — Grace Roderick — Angelina Robichaud — 207-853-2537. Central Maine Indian Association — Alcoholism Counselor — Alfred Dana — 207-269-2653 or 207-866-5577. �Wabanaki Alliance October 1979 Page 5 The making of an ash basket INDIAN ISLAND — “It’ something to s do. It’ an ambition. You got to do some s thing; keep moving around, know what I mean?” That’ how Dan Mitchell, 69, describes s his Penobscot basketry. It is a skill that was passed down generation to generation, but in Dan’s case, it was his son, George (Murray Mitchell, who got him interested in reviving his skill. Dan lives alone in a small, almost bare but tidy house. He has a radio and televi sion, but he said they just don’ satisfy him t the way weaving a basket does. Dan learned basketry from his father, Joseph Daylight Mitchell. He in turn taught George, at age 10 or so, to make baskets from split ash. A few weeks ago, father and son decided to team up and make some baskets, and thereby some cash. (George Mitchell is currently seeking full time employment.) They decided to make ‘‘ shopper baskets,” a convenient and simple rectangular basket with a carrying handle. One log o f ash will make a dozen or more baskets, but finding ash is difficult, despite an old custom that Indians may take the trees where they find them. After a search, George found a man willing to sell an ash log, and when Dan saw it, he said, “It’ s going to make some beautiful baskets, nice and white.” Despite Dan’ fine craftsmanship, he calls s his baskets “All coarse work. Women folks take care o f the fancy stuff.” Dan remembers living in the old Daylight homestead, next door, which burned. “ It was three or four days before Christmas, when that thing burned down. It was a short circuit or something. This was just a shack,” he said o f his house. “It wasn’ much o f a t place to live, but we had to live here. “You see, my family used to make these baskets and swap them for food. There wasn’ much money then, when I was 10 or t 12. My father would hunt (deer, moose) in the fall. My mother had a method o f putting it up in jars, and it would come out just as fresh...” Dan remebered making egg baskets that held a half bushel. Those baskets sold for 20 cents each. “ I’ been through it I know,” ve said Dan o f lean times in the past. “I worked all over the state o f Maine. I worked in the woods quite a bit. We made $10, $12, $16 a week,” he said. Dan was content to work in silence, but he exclaimed, “Yeah, that’ good,” as he s peeled back strips o f ash, using a splitter that belonged to Teddy Bear Mitchell, a relative. Trapping along Birch stream is another memory for Dan, who recalls setting 140 traps to get muskrat, mink and otter. “That’ how the Indians lived,” he told the s reporter. Looking out a window, he said, “This used to be all garden when my father was living. He cleared an acre o f land.” Dan uses brown ash for baskets. The heart of the tree is dark, and used for standards (uprights). The outer layers are for other standards, and “weavers.” Dan isn’ up to pounding the logs, so George t does that chore. But Dan isn’ fading, and t it’ hard to find a flaw in any o f his baskets. s A fellow Penobscot said with a grin, “There’ no nails in Dan’s baskets.” There s is nothing but ash. Dan has a son, Francis, who works at Diamond International and lives next door. Another son, David, works in Quincy, Mass., as a computer operator. His three daughters are Andrea, who works for Central Maine Indian Association, Barbara ' o f Saco, and Clara o f New Mexico. He likes visits from grandchildren. Dan Mitchell remembered his first bas ket, made when he was “ about 10 or 12. And it wasn’ a very good one. My father t said, you can unravel it and make a better one.” Father and son operation: George Mitchell and father Dan, at w o * in Dan’s small Indian Island house. George Mitchell, son of Dan Mitchell, gets a good swing with maul to pound red ash log in preparation for basket-making. �Page 6 Wabanaki Alliance Octobei School board member foresees Indian high school PLEASANT POINT — “I just want a Nicholas, who has been a school board good school, that turns out people, not member 12 years, and has visited Indian robots,” said Passamaquoddy school board schools in New Mexico and South Dakota. chairman John Nicholas. He said if an Indian high school is built, it Nicholas envisions an Indian high school, would probably be best to locate it at Indian to take care of reservation education beyond Township, where more land is available. the junior high level. High school age pupils Pleasant Point students could be bused to from Pleasant Point attend school in East- school, he suggested. port, or are away at boarding schools. Asked about his views on education, Nicholas said high school pupils at ,Nicholas said, “I hate to see things shoved Pleasant Point and at Indian Township have down the kids’ throats. Let them decide for often received inferior educations, without themselves; if they’ interested and want to re benefit of counseling or an understanding of find out who they are.” special problems o f Indians. Asked if the A father of ten children, Nicholas, 53, high school he wants would be for Indians graduated from Shead Memorial High only, Nicholas said that no, it would be open School in Eastport, in 1944. He served in the to all ethnic groups. Army’ occupation forces in Italy, following s “It’ been my dream for 25 years,” said World War II. He has four grandchildren. s Township school board members elected INDIAN TOWNSHIP - Three new schoolboard members were elected late last month in a race which included four people running and two write-in candidates. Elected were Sonja Dorn, Sam Dana, and Simon Sockabasin, a write-in candidate. Also running were Francis Tomah, Joseph Sockabasin, and write-in candidate, Richard Dana. The new members will be joining Albert Dana and John Stevens on the board, and will be replacing George Stevens, whose term expired, and Carl Nicholas, who re signed. Sockabasin, who just completed a term, will be resuming his old position, due to his write-in victory. Dorn, receiving the most votes, will serve a three year term. The other two candidates tied with 49 votes each. Since ranking in the election determines number o f years to be served, an agreement was reached in which Dana will serve the two year stint and Sockabasin, the one. The newly constituted board held its first meeting in early October and elected Albert Dana, chairman. Sockabasin was named vice chairman. S en a te cuts BIA b u d g et WASHINGTON — The Senate Appro priations Subcommittee cut the 1980 BIA appropriation figures some $53 million compared with the $996 million passed by the House. The $943 million approved by the Senate subcommittee is $31 million less than the $974 million in the President’ budget and s $114 million less than the $1,057 total appropriation for 1979. The Subcommittee also moved to force closure o f three off-reservation boarding schools: it ordered mid-year closure of Chilocco and Seneca Indian schools in Oklahoma and the Albuquerque Indian School programs in Albuquerque. The AIS operations are to be transferred to Santa Fe to the campus o f the Institute o f American Indian Arts. The Subcommittee’ reductions from the s House-passed figures include a $31 million reduction in construction and a $25 million reduction in the operation o f Indian programs, mostly in education and trust activities. The Subcommittee included $6 million for implementation o f the new tribally-controlled Indian Community College Act. This was an increase o f $2 million over the House. T , / , * ~ V "* * a “u Hucsuon aooni now ruth grader Adeline Levesque of ;n;n^ Ihp P P V«lin mlinnl .t„fT P f f her teaCfaer’Deborah Mortland, a native of Unity who this fall Iflinpfl I joined the P C P Q n school staff. reservation Act supports tribal colleges WASHINGTON — Regulations imple menting the provisions o f Tribally Con trolled Community College Assistance Act are being published in the Federal Register, U.S. Interior Department official Rick Lavis said. The regulations prescribe procedures for providing financial and technical assistance to Indian community colleges and, in a separate part, to the Navajo Community College. The regulations state that it is the policy o f the Department o f the Interior “to support and encourage the establishment, operation and improvement o f tribally con trolled community colleges to ensure con tinued and expanded educational oppor tunities for Indian students, and to assist the Indian tribes in implementing social and economic development efforts leading to the fulfillment o f tribal goals and objectives.” Area director appointed WASHINGTON — Burton Rider, a Gros Ventre-Cree, has been named assistant area director for the Bureau o f Indian Affairs’ Billings, Montana office. Rider, 49, has been Superintendent o f the Fort Peck Agency at Poplar, Montana. His appointment in the area office will be effec tive October 21. He succeeds Maurice W. Babby who has accepted a job in the office o f the commissioner in Washington, D.C. An Army veteran, Rider began work with BIA in 1954 and has held jobs in various agency and area offices. Forest service didn't ask Indians to attend hearing PASSAMAQUODDY language teacher, Marine Tomah, goes over some of her day’ s lessons at Indian Township school. The Indian bi lingual program has been seeking a new director, along with renewed funding for instruction at two reservation schools. BROOMALL, Pa. — Maine Indians were inadvertently left out o f a U.S. Forest Service meeting on spruce budworm spray ing in Maine, according to USFS officials here. A so-called “scoping session” was held in Augusta Sept. 11, to determine the role of the federal government in Maine’ 1980 s spruce budworm control program, but no Indians were reported present at the meeting. The absence of Indians was an "administrative oversight,” according to Kenneth Knauer, U.S. Forest Service official. Indians in Maine were contacted later, and their opinions solicited. Bob Wolfe, staff entymoiogist with the forest service, said “We conducted a scoping session to get input . . . we endeavored by newspaper articles and letters” to get participation. Wolfe said the USFS, a branch o f the U.S. Department of Agricul ture, later contacted the state Indian Affairs office, the U.S. Bureau o f Indian Affairs (BIA), and officials o f the Passamaquoddy and Penobscot tribes. Federal regulations state that at public meetings such as the Augusta session, the USFS shall “invite participation o f any affected Indian tribes.” Wolfe said he had reassured Maine Indians — in response to an inquiry — that offshore islands will not be sprayed in the budworm control efforts. “We are making every attempt to get input from Indians, and we send them our draft environmental state ments,” Wolfe said. John Chansler, a USFS assistant area director for the northeast, said he is “seriously considering” another public meeting, probably in the Bangor area, to hear additional information on future budworm spraying and its effects. “ I guess there are people who feel we have not in fact captured all o f the issues,” he said, specifically mentioning people from “downeast” Maine. Chansler said a meeting would likely be held before 1980. Indian participation will be invited, he said. �Wabanaki Alliance October 1979 Page 7 Penobscot revives service station INDIAN ISLAND — The building has stood empty a couple of years, testimony to a failed tribal project, and beginning to show signs o f vandalism. But the former Amoco gas station on the reservation has been salvaged by John Love, 24, a Penobscot. Love’ Auto Repair, a full s service business, will open soon, with Love s wife, Vicki, as bookkeeper. This month, the Penobscot tribal council voted SI,000 to help Love with a Small Business Adminis tration (SBA) loan, and in a surprise move, assigned Love title to the property at the foot o f Oak Hill, near the lagoon. The gas station was first constructed by PIE (Penobscot Indian Enterprises), and included a home heating oil business. Man agement problems led to the closing o f the station, open only one summer. Now, after a year o f negotiating. Love can obtain a $34,500 loan, using the council’ $1,000, s plus $1,000 o f his own money, and $2,000 from Commissioner Charles Rhynard o f the state Department of Indian Affairs. Love, a graduate o f Old Town High School, expects to be open for business sometime next month. He has gained ex perience as a mechanic working at Thorn ton’ Amoco, Old Town, and when PIE s operated the Island station, drove the oil truck. The truck is parked at the station, and Love said the engine has seized up. Love hopes to eventually revive the heating oil business. He has repaired plumbing at the station, and already owns tools. One thing he will have to do before opening day is change the price on gas pumps. A gallon o f regular is listed at 52 cents, the price two years ago. N ew ell a sk s h igh er anti-pollution rating fo r reservation PLEASANT POINT — Tribal Gov. Robert L. Newell has asked the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency to up grade the Passamaquoddy reservation’s air quality rating from class II to class I. The change in classification is being sought under the federal Clean Air Act of 1978, and if approved will strictly limit the level o f air pollution permissible at the reser vation. According to a story in Quoddy Tides, the higher rating will protect the tribe’ aquaculture projects at Halfmoon s Cove, and will generally guarantee a cleaner environment for Passamaquoddies. Also, the tribe has publicly stated its opposition to a proposed oil refinery at nearby Eastport. The Pittston Company, which seeks to build the refinery, must obtain EPA Clean Air Act approval before construction could begin. Newell recently sent an explanatory letter to Eastport city council, with the assurance that a class I designation ‘‘ will have no significant effect on present or planned activities in either our reservation area or your city/town limits.” The letter points out that nearby Moosehorn and Campobello parks have class I ratings. “ We seek this classification to support proposals to fund and implement only such local resource-based activities as will main tain and/or improve our environment, produce work for our labor force based on renewable resources, supplement the socio economic life style we all want for our future, and guarantee the careful, consid erate use of those natural resources we now enjoy, and to protect the health and economy o f our own and future genera tions,” the letter stated. Newell indicated he would like support of the request to EPA from neighboring com munities. The city council tabled a reply to Newell’ s letter until its Nov. 5 meeting, with the intent o f obtaining more information. Indian travel agents meet LAKEWOOD, Colo. — The American Indian Travel Commission (AITC), a non profit national organization established to promote travel to American Indian/Alaska Native owned and/or operated tourism enterprises and to assist tribal tourism related projects, adopted a resolution at their Sept. 14, board o f directors meeting urging Indian interests be represented on the newly established travel and tourism industry advisory council to the Senate committee on energy and natural resources. Copies o f the resolution were addressed to the chairman o f the committee on energy and natural resources, Henry M. Jackson, members o f the travel and tourism industry advisory council, and to members o f the merchant marine and tourism subcom mittee who nominated council members. I Micmac visitors from Big Cove, Nova Scotia, Henry Levi, Franklin Levi, G eorge Wayne Solomon, and Allen Levi. Allen w rote the commentary on the right. John Love prepares to open his service station at Indian Island. Police cadet program helps youths INDIAN TOWNSHIP — Public Safety Director Warren Mitchell has started a police cadet program designed to train youngsters in reservation police work. Mitchell said the program also helps to guide its members past some o f the social problems found on the reservation. Carl Nicholas, Jr. and Patrick Sabattus are currently enrolled in the program. Mitchell said he hopes to add two or three more youngsters. The cadets work with the reservation police, riding in the cruisers. Although they are strictly observers and carry no arms, Mitchell said they occasionally put in calls for assistance for the officers with whom they are riding. Mitchell said he hopes to start-a fire cadet program, as well. Halt on herbicide spraying sought NANAIMO, British Columbia — Possible contamination of Indians’ drinking water has prompted a delay in spraying o f herbi cides along Canadian Pacific railway land on Vancouver Island. Herbicides (listed as Tebuthiron, Bromacil, 2, 4-D; and 2, 4, 5-T ) should not be used until environmental impact is assessed, according to Wayne Edwards, spokesman for United Native Nations. ‘There is no ‘ guarantee that the herbicides will not reach water bodies and native Indian land through natural drainage,” he told Indian News, a Canadian government publication. The railroad has agreed to postpone spraying along its right-of-way between Vic toria and Courtenay until hearings on the matter are completed. The deh u m an ization p rogra m Commentary By Allen Levi It is extremely detrimental for the Native North American to continually pursue his fight for human rights, so consistently un prevailing against those destructive forces of the white world in an exceedingly disil lusioned manner. I do not agree with people when they say to me the Indian is nothing but a drunk, and a welfare bum, nor do I agree when I see the tremendous amount o f discrimination en forced on the Indian. I can only agree with people who say that the Indian is in pretty bad shape. The white government realized a long time ago that Indians also had minds and emotions, just as any civilized white persons. But instead o f treating them as part o f the human race, as equals, they deliberately destroyed good relations with our ancestors by their obsession and greed, which resulted in the occupation of Indian land by white settlers. It was in this time the white man began dismantling the beliefs o f the Indian peoples. His main objective was to disillu sion the native perspective of life. His strategy mostly employed: alcohol, religion and government laws, which in no time at all gained control over the Indian. Through this access, the government forced the Natives to learn a system totally different from theirs, a system altogether unfit for human survival. Besides placing the Indian on reserva tions, the government also put him in schools where he was taught about a different God, a God which never seems to touch his people, unlike the creator whom every Indian felt and saw in his mind and through nature. Through these tactics, the great white chief proceeded to brainwash his fellow man replacing old Indian beliefs with his own beliefs, his fantasies! Pure ludicrous indul gences. As time passed by, it became apparent that the white man had succeeded in weakening our minds. However the Indian is still surviving. We have our souls. We have our values as we have our God. We know that someday the indictments of this white man shall be bestowed upon him, and, though we still live under his rule, we must realize the rule of destiny. We must be able to understand this, for it is our only escort through life’ lonely road. s If we do not begin to show more o f our Indian nature, if we do not stop experi menting with our lives according to white man’ beliefs, then our destiny shall remain s in the predicament o f mankind. Editor’ note: Allen Levi is a Mtemac s youth from Big Cove reservation, Nova Scotia. He recently came to Maine to find work and is employed by Young Adult Conservation Corps (YACQ at Indian Island. �Page 8 Wahanaki Alliance October 1979 Dumping fill on Pleasant Point dam, April 1,1936. Tidol power C h ip p ew a to h ea d BIA Cooper's dream PLEASANT POINT — In the 1930’ s, engineer Dexter Cooper had a vision o f a gigantic power project that would con vert the great rise and fall o f downeast tides into electrical power. The idea caught on, and several dams were built in the Cobscook-Passamaquoddy area, under the Roosevelt ad ministration. An entire town, Quoddy Village, was constructed to house work ers and their families. But almost as though it were jinxed, the Quoddy Pro ject has never truly materialized. Over the years, various studies have claimed the project is entirely practical, and recommended. No action was taken. Only recently has a study been more critical o f the tidal power theme, and that study’ conclusions seem ironic in an s age of oil and gas shortages, high prices and dwindling non-renewable resources. Now, despite the negative report o f a study last May by U.S. Corps of Engineers employee Robert C. Leblanc, a small version o f Quoddy may be built. The small tidal power station at Half moon Cove is a project of the Passama- Carlow Island dam, southerly view, Dec. 21,1936. quoddy tribe, under the direction o f Dr. Normand Leberge. Laberge, who has spent more than three years on Halfmoon Cove plans, is waiting release o f $100,000 in federal Department of Energy funds, for a pre liminary engineering study. The money was awarded to the tribe last spring, and Laberge said he cannot understand the delay. The firm of Charles T. Main of Boston has been selected to conduct the preliminary study. Meanwhile, Laberge has almost com pleted a Coastal Energy Impact study, with funds from the State Planning Office. He also had expected to meet with Leblanc, author o f the Corps of Engineers study, but Leblanc did not show up, he said. Cobscook Bay Labs, a division of Suffolk University, have completed an environmental impact study that will help the project, Laberge said. Cost of constructing a projected five megawatt plant could be $13 million, and it would take several years to build, according to Laberge. WASHINGTON — William Hallett, a Red Lake Chippewa, has been appointed commissioner of Indian Affairs, by Presi dent Carter. Interior Secretary Cecil Andrus said in a press release that “filling the Commis sioner’ post with a competent, knowledge s able man like Bill Hallett will be go for both the Indian community and the Department o f the Interior.” Hallett’ nomination was sent to the s Senate Sept. 28. A tentative date o f Nov. 13 has been set for the confirmation hearings. Hallett is the HUD Assistant Regional Administrator, Office o f Indian Programs, in the Denver region. As Commissioner o f Indian Affairs, Hallett would be responsible for directing the programs and day-to-day operations of the Bureau o f Indian Affairs. Hallett was born May 18, 1942 in Red Lake, Minnesota. He graduated in 1960 from the Red Lake Indian High School. After two years at Brigham Young Univer sity, Hallett completed studies for a Bachelor’ degree in business administra s tion at Bemidji State College, Minnesota in 1965. He did post-graduate work in public administration at the University o f New Mexico under the HUD Career Education Program. From 1965 to 1967 Hallet was a personnel technician for the Chicago Police Depart ment. He then became director o f housing and manpower programs on the Red Lake Chippewa Reservation, where he set up and directed the Tribal Home Construction Company. From 1968 to 1970 he was director o f industrial development for the National Congress o f American Indians. In 1970 Hallett served as a consultant to the National Council o f Indian Opportunity and the President’ National Advisory s Council on Minority Business Enterprise. Hallett went to the Denver HUD office in 1970 as a special assistant to the regional administrator for Indian affairs. He was named regional administrator in 1975. Indians seen as new energy "arabs” ALBUQUERQUE — Sam Brown, direc tor o f the Federal agency ACTION, told Indians at the National Congress o f Ameri can Indians (NCAI) convention in Albu querque “Native Americans might replace Arabs as the people to blame for the energy crisis and inflation.” Brown said the focus o f public anger over the energy crisis could shift from OPEC to the American Indians as they begin to benefit from huge energy resources on their tribal lands. He added, “The irony o f all this is that you will be simply doing what many major corporations have done for years.” Brown said that the Indians would be affected by the country’ political mood s shifting from social justice to fiscal pru dence as the measure o f good government.” Noting that Native Americans own an estimated 20 percnt of America’ energy s resources, Brown said, “You will be con tending with a society which more than ever wants what you have.” Brown concluded that the Indians needed to become more active in poltics to protect their interests. He urged unity and coor dinated action to give them an impact out weighing their numbers. AMERICAN INDIAN JOBS/SKILLS BANK The Administration for Native Americans (HEW) and the Division of Indian and Native American Programs (Dept, of Labor) are sponsoring the development of a matching system which will assist qualified Indian applicants in obtaining jo b s in the Federal government at the GS-9 level and above. If you w ould like more information about this service and feel you are qualified for placement in this GS range, please contact: Pleasant Point dam, looking north along Cobscook Bay, Jane 9, 1936. Reservation homes, church and school are visible. INDIAN JOBS/SKILLS BANK ACKCO, In co rp o ra te d 1200 Pearl Boulder, Co. 80302 From Alaska, Hawaii and Colorado call collect: 1-303-444-3916 From other states call toll free: 1-800-525-2859 �Wabanaki Alliance October 1979 Page 9 Andrus urges tribes to develop natural energy resources WASHINGTON — U.S. Interior Depart ment Secretary Cecil Andrus said the national energy crisis challenges tribes to break their dependence on the federal government. “For too long, too many Indian people have been — through no fault o f their own — too dependent upon the Federal govern ment,” Andrus said in a speech to National Congress of American Indians in Albuquer que, N.M. “The energy crisis offers an opportunity for many tribes to break that cycle o f dependence which has plagued your people.” The Secretary praised the Indians for their efforts to accelerate energy develop ment on reservations and to become partners in energy-producing projects. In dian reservations contain coal and uranium, among other things. “You are seeking independence — the type o f independence that comes with employment opportunities on the tribal lands, from adequate housing, from im proved health,” Andrus said. “By developing your resources wisely, you can attain the independence American Indians seek while helping all Americans attain the national energy independence goal.” Andrus said President Carter’s program, including the windfall profits tax, energy security corporation, and the energy mobili zation board, are important to the tribes. He said that to be effective, the national program would have to include measures to help Indians develop vast energy resources on Indian lands. “This is not only equitable, it is essential to increased energy supply,” Andrus said. The Secretary reviewed efforts by Interior Department to help tribes make informed decisions on energy development and man age their natural resources. “Decisions on the development o f energy resources on tribal lands will be made in the final instance by tribal leaders,” Andrus said, responding to concern expressed by Indian leaders that a proposed energy mobilization board would override estab lished rights o f tribes to control their own natural resources. Noted alcoholism counselor to speak PORTLAND — The Reverend Joseph Martin, nationally known alcoholism work er will speak Friday evening, October 26, at 7:45 in the gymnasium o f University of Southern Maine, 96 Falmouth St. In addition to lecturing throughout the country, Father Martin has narrated several films on alcoholism. He is probably best known for his work on the film Chalk Talk. Anyone wishing more information on the lecture is invited to contact George Paul of Central Maine Indian Association in Port land, tel.: 1-775-1872. Holmes enters innocent plea (Continued from page 1 ) Alabama fugitive from justice charges . against Holmes have been dropped. The charges o f second degree burglary involved $6 taken from a trailer, he said. Asked to comment on Holmes at first being presented in news reports as an Indian, Silver said he “honestly” did not know if Holmes had Indian blood or not. He said he doubted Holmes knew the answer, either. Silver said a reported wedding engage ment between Holmes and Eloise Francis, a Penobscot and witness in the case, may be CHD awards $6 million in grants WASHINGTON — More than six million dollars in grants and loans have been awarded to self-help projects by the national Campaign for Human Development (CHD), Father Marvin A. Mottet, CHD executive director, said. Grants and loans totaling $6,317,700 have been approved for 125 projects which include a community organizing and lead ership training program in the South Bronx; farmworkers’ housing cooperatives in Cali fornia; a national land reform advocacy pro gram based in Washington, D.C.; an out reach program for sugar cane workers in Louisiana and a utility rate reform project in Wisconsin. This most recent series o f grants and loans brings the total amount allocated from the national CHD in its 10-year existence to more than $50 million. An additional $20 million has been distributed at the diocesan level, bringing the overall CHD total to $70 million. The Campaign for Human Development was established by the American Catholic bishops in 1969 as the church’ domestic s anti-poverty justice education program. According to Fr. Mottet, as the Campaign marks its 10th anniversary and looksforward to the next decade, CHD recommits itself to working for justice and to helping change policies, institutions and conditions which perpetuate poverty and injustice. Wabanaki Alliance is supported in part by a CHD grant. I “off.” Holmes worked in construction at Indian Island for three months, Silver told the magistrate in court. Silver said he took the case because it interested him from a legal perspective. He acknowledged that defending Holmes does not increase his popularity with the Indian community. Silver has represented Wab anaki Corporation, an Indian alcoholism agency in Orono, on several occasions. Asked his opinion o f the state supreme court ruling backing federal jurisdiction. Silver said he fully supports it, although he was “amazed” at the decision. Can Maine make the transition to federal jurisdiction on Indian reservations for major crimes, with Indian jurisdiction for minor ones? “We’ certainly a capable group up re here; I don’ see why we can’ do it. Initially t t there’s going to be-a problem changing over, but I don’ see where it can’ be accom t t plished,” Silver said. Quaker group sets workshop FAMILY — Donald Stanley believes hard work teaches good living habits to his sons, Scooby, left, six, and John 11. The trio was doing yardwork at the Stanley homestead at Pleasant Point. Not shown is April Skawaban, six months old. Parent wants Indian teachers PLEASANT POINT — Donald Stanley, father o f three children, believes reserva tion schools should have more Indian teachers, and that pupils have a “right” to their language and culture. “ I’ like to see more Indian teachers in d there,” said Stanley, gesturing toward Beatrice Rafferty elementary school at this Passamaqouddy reservation. “An Indian teacher can relate to an Indian child better than a non-Indian teacher.” On Passamaquoddy language, Stanley said, “It’s difficult to teach the language because o f mixed marriages. There’ about s 45 mixed marriages here.” Stanely said In dians who marry non-Indians should not be permitted to live on the reservation. “At least if you marry another Indian you’ not re diluting Indian blood,” he said. Stanley is separated from his wife, who lives in Law rence, Mass. Stanley believes in “The children’ right s to learn the language and the culture.” He said, “The people here are going the right way . . . my boy Scooby has an Indian teacher.” Stanley remembers attending school in the old building, now vacant, where “The only language I had was Indian; and I could speak pig English.” He remembers, “I got caught speaking my tongue and got hit by a pointer — knocked me clear across the room. That turned me off to religion.” Stanley, 35, worked his way through high school. He later handled steel beams, and lived 12 years in Massachusetts. He con siders himself a traditional Indian, wear ing his hair long, and wearing a “Custer had it coming” patch on his jacket. Stanley said he was disappointed in the progress on a nation house for Passama quoddy traditionalists. “I tried to keep the men together. I started the project. I even designed the nation house,” he said, complaining that other members o f the tribe have discouraged participation by their actions. The logs for the nation house are piled in a field in an area tribal administration has considered for a ski slope. There are no signs o f recent activity. Meanwhile, Stanley has built a new fence around his homestead so that none o f it will be used for roads or parking area for a planned health center. HOULTON — Learning and teaching about Maine Indians will be the theme o f a conference slated Oct. 27, from 9-5, at Association o f Aroostook Indians. The workshop is sponsored by an Indian subcommittee o f American Friends Service Committee, a Quaker group. The associa tion headquarters are located in the fortner Bowdoin Street School, Houlton. A fee will be charged participants. For further infor mation contact Mary Griffith, 22 Riverview • Road, Brunswick. SUBSCRIBE T O WABANAKI ALLIANCE News o f Maine Indian Country FRUITS OF THEIR LABOR — Actually they’ radishes, being shown off by Janice re McDougall [left] and Cheryl Libby, Youth Conservation Corps workers in the community garden at Indian Island. �Wabanaki Alliance October 1979 A look at Indian religious rights in prison By David Stotter WASHINGTON, D.C.— A pioneer Qua ker, William Penn, believed prison to be a sanctuary where man could cogitate about his salvation, become reacquainted with God, and do penance. But is an inmate entitled to cogitate over a ’ special kosher menu? Can he become reacquainted with God while high on peyote? Can an American Indian prisoner build his own "sweatlodge" to do penance? Two hundred years after Penn, the nation's courts and prison experts are joining in an escalating debate over whether incarcerated men and women should be allowed to observe the most basic tenets— and some provocative new ones— o f their religious faith. Because o f discrimination complaints lodged by Muslims, Jews, American Indians and others, the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights has, for the first time in its 21-year history, put a national focus on tb matter. As a cautious first step, the Feder; fact-finding body convened a consultation o national experts in Washington, D.C., this spring. While examining the impact and implica-' lions of religious discrimination nationall; the conferees also debated the issue: to what degree is the free-exercise-of-religion clause of the First Amendment subordinate the the interests of maintaining prison security, enforcing inmate discipline and avoiding administrative inconvenience and expense. Larry Taylor, warden at the Federal Correctional Institution in Lompoc, Califor nia. told the commissioners that in a facility where 4,800 meals a day are served to prisoners, "special dietary arrangements present difficult administrative, budgetary and time problems.” But recent court decisions have required prison oficials to accomodate the dietary needs o f Black Muslims and Orthodox Jews whose religion forbids them to eat pork. Mark Stern, an attorney who has success fully represented prisoners seeking special diets, said inmates sometimes resent it when other prisoners get “favored” treatment. A priosner can “get stabbed in the back over a Kosher TV dinner,” he said. Warden Taylor also commented, “ What ever we do for one religious group, we must be willing to do for all religious groups.” Other prison officials complained that they’ now receiving some spurious dietary re requests. Alvin Bronstein, Director o f the National Prison Project o f the American Civil Liberties Union, found a “subtler, yet more pervasive problem than the free o e rris clause:” the First Amendment prohibition forbidding the government from granting preferential treatment to a religion. Bronstein cited the practice o f recording attendance at religious functions on an inmate’ prison record. "What troubles s me." he said, “is if these notations are in the files, it is highly conceivable that parole decisions may be made based upon a prisoner’s nonattendance at religious activi ties.” “ It is equally unfair not to note an inmate’s religious activities for paro’e purposes,” Gair Cripe, General Counsel for the Bureau o f Prisons, said, since this provides "the complete picture o f what an inmate is doing.” Another official added that such records are necessary to calculate prison budgets. When Indian inmates o f the Native American Church wanted a sweatlodge at Lompoc, Warden Taylor’ immediate reac s tion was "No, because we didn’ know t anything about sweatlodges.” A sweatlodge is a small wooden hut covered with blankets or a tarp which provides an effect similar to a sauna. Virtually all tribes in this country use it as part o f a purification ceremony. Faced with a court suit, Taylor’ staff did s some research and relented to the inmates’ demands. "W e had to be concerned about what kind o f precedent we set,” said Taylor. “We don’ build synagogues for Jews or mosques t for the Muslims in our population.” The Native American Church believes peyote, a hallucinogenic cactus plant, is both a sacramental object, similar to the bread and wine in certain Christian churches, and is itself an object of worship much like the Holy Ghost. It's not permitted in prison, but Waiter Echo-Hawk, staff attorney for the Native American Rights Fund (NARF), said Native American Church members are discriminat ed against because they are prohibited from using peyote while on parole, even though Federal law permits its use for bona fide religious purposes outside o f prison. William Collins, an American Correction al Association official, said it is not always easy to define what is a legitimate religion. He cited the Church o f the New Song (CONS), an inmate-created religion which one court characterized as a “non-structured, free-form, do-as-you-please philoso phy. the sole purpose o f which is to cause disruption o f established prison discipline for the sake o f disruption.” When correctional officials attempted to suppress the incipient church, its founder, federal prisoner Harry Theriault, brought a free exercise suit against the Atlanta, Georgia, penitentiary. A District Court held that until CONS demonstrated otherwise, the movement was to be considered a bona fide religion. Shortly after this victory, a sect within the church nearly provided such a demonstrtion by making a formal request to the Federal Bureau o f Prisons for 700 porterhouse steaks and 98 bottles o f Harvey’ Bristol s Cream Sherry to celebrate the sect’ rituals. s While Theriault immediately proclaimed the request "unsanctioned,” officials in other prisons have forced many CONS chapters to go to court to prove their sincerity; so farrthe courts have reached contradictory decisions. Litigation frequently occurs when prison regulations governing personal appearance conflict with the tenets o f an inmate’ s religion. Some religions require adherents to wear long hair and beards, requirements that prison officials said hinder prisoner identification while also providing inmates a way to conceal weapons and contraband. Conferees also discussed the difficulty of scheduling prayer hours so that they do not interfere with prison routine. Warden Taylor told o f a Lompoc inmate who believed in chanting at sunrise. Disturbed by the noise, a fellow inmate assuited the chanter. The multitude o f unresolved issues which were raised prompted the Correctional Association’s Collins to comment that judicial clarification is needed: "What is the test? The courts have yet to clearly decide what scale is to be used in balancing the religious demands of an inmate and the demands of a correctional institution.” Federal Indian school programs merged WASHINGTON— U.S. Interior Assistant Secretary Forrest Gerard announced that an agreement has been reached with Indian Pueblo Council to transfer senior high programs o f the Albuquerque Indian School to the campus o f the Institute o f American Indian Arts in Santa Fe. The IAIA program will be continued at Santa Fe this year, under its own separate administration, for returning second year students only. This will allow the post-sec ondary school’ students to complete their s normal two-year program. No new students will be enrolled. According to tha agreement with the council, programs for approximately 200 students in the 7th, 8th, and 9th grades will remain at the Albuquerque campus this school year. Gerard said that he would establish a review team to analyze the educational programs o f the Institute and its future location. The art institute, established in 1962, had been a high school with a post-secondary art BIA lists job openings SCHOOL DAYS — These kids at Pleasant Point don’ seem too depressed about the start of t a new school year ... or maybe it was just that classes were out for the day. The sign was painted by the members of the junior high. WASHINGTON — The Bureau o f Indian Affairs has been recruiting to fill 45 clerical and professional positions in its Central Office o f Indian Education in Washington, D.C., Director Earl Barlow announced. The openings have been created by a change in BIA’ central education office to s meet current education needs o f Indians and Alaska Natives. There are positions to be filled, Barlow said, in elementary and secondary educa tion, post-secondary education, education of the exceptional child, student support services, planning and program develop ment and administrative support. They include jobs for clerk-typists, clerk-stenos, analysts, education specialists and super visory education specialists. Qualified Indian applicants will be given preference in filling all these positions. program. The high school had been phased out and enrollment at the junior college level had remained low. This spring the school was operating at less than half o f capacity with high costs. The Albuquerque Indian School, started in 1881, was operated by the Bureau o f Indian Affairs as an off-reservation board ing school for Indians from various tribal groups, mostly from the Southwest. Since 1977 the school has been operated by the Indian Pueblo Council under contract with £he bureau and has served a predominantly Pueblo student body. The buildings and facilities on the Albuqeurque campus are quite old and would need to be replaced or renovated if the school were to continue there. BIA buildings assessed NEW YORK— Parsons Brinckerhoff, an architectural and planning firm, has com pleted fieldwork in an inventory survey of facilities operated by the Bureau o f Indian Affairs at the Papago, Salt River, Ford McDowell, Fort Apache, San Carlos, and Colorado River Reservations in Arizona, and the Riverside Reservation in Southern California. The project staff examined over 600 buildings, as well as qtilities, streets, and grounds. The survey, which is part of a nation-wide inventory the BIA is conducting o f its facilities, requires the evaluation of architectural, structural, mechanical, elec trical and sanitary systems, and includes an independent safety analysis and an energy retrofit analysis o f the Theodore Roosevelt School in the historic Fort Apache Reserva tion. The study was conducted on land owned by the Papago and Apache tribes, although no tribal buildings were evaluated. The government facilities included schools, ad ministrative offices, maintenance facilities, and residences of BIA workers. They ranged in age from a 100-year old horse stable to a modem Indian High School at the Riverside Reservation in California. �Wahanaki Alliance October 1979 Page 1 1 c o u> STILL ON THE DRAWING BOARD — This Pleasant Point recreational park is only a dream now, but it may become reality soon. co WOOOOOOOCOSOOOOOOSeOOOSOOOCOMOCCCOSOOCOOOCOOOCCOC' o > o t write Dept.74 VETERANS ADMINISTRATION items to choose. GREY OWL Indian Craft Manufacturing Co. 150-02 Beaver Road, Jamaica, N.Y. ^ 212 526-3660 t= J j Equal Housing OPPORTUNITY BOSTON INDIAN COUNCIL IS SEEKING DIRECTOR FOR COMMUNITY SERVICES Responsibilities: Include developing and managing a social services program at Boston Indian Council, Inc. Qualifications: High school diploma or equivalent and three years experience, or BSW/MSW. The position becomes available Novem ber 1 1979. All interested parties are , invited to send their resumes to Cliff Saunders, executive director, Boston Indian Council, 105 S. Huntington Ave., Jamaica Plain, Mass. 02130. coa - Owned Homes For Sale Throughout The State Minimum Cash Down Payment Financing Available Through V.A. 30 Year Loans — No Closing Costs 9V2% Interest. Anyone Can Buy You Don't Have To Be A Veteran M O R N IN G S T A R A K C CA IR N T E R R IE R S See Your Local Real Estate Broker Or Contact Stud Service VETERANS ADMINISTRATION LOAN GUARANTY DIVISION TOGUS, MAINE 04330 Tel. 207-623-8411 Ext. 433 Phone 412-368-3274 P O R T E R S V IL L E , P A . 16051 r THE LIFE AND TRADTIONS OF THE RED MAN By Joseph Nicolar “ The best account we have o f the Indian E p ic o f Glusgehbeh (Glooscap o f the M icm acs) . . . A grandson ofLt. Gov. John Neptune, Joseph Nicolar {As whites wrote his name) came from a long line o f shamans and inherited the old lo re. . . ” Fannie Hardy Eckstrom Originally published in Bangor, Maine in 1893 this book is now available at bookstores everywhere or from the distributors for the Eastern U.S.; The University Bookstore University o f Maine Orono, Maine 04469 Price is $6.95 Please include 75c for shipping and handling. Maine residents add 5% Sales Tax. LEGAL NOTICE NOTICE OF FINDING OF NO SIGNIFICANT EFFECT ON THE ENVIRONMENT OCTOBER 8,1979 PENOBSCOT INDIAN NATION COMMUNITY BUILDING INDIAN ISLAND OLD TOWN, MAINE 04468 (207)827-7776 TO: ALL INTERESTED AGENCIES, GROUPS AND PERSONS: The above named Penobscot Indian Nation, Penobscot County, Maine has requested release of Community Development Block Grant Funds from the U.S. De partment of Housing and Urban Development under Title I o f the Housing & Community Develop ment Act o f 1974 (PL 93-383) to be used for the Community De velopment and Housing needs. $61,000. It has been determined that such request for release of funds will not constitute an action sig nificantly affecting the quality of the human environment and has decided not to prepare an En vironmental Impact Statement of the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (PL-91-190). The reasons for such decision not to prepare such statement are as follows: No significant degradation of the environment is expected. An Environmental Review Record respecting the within project has been made by the Penobscot Indian Nation, Pen obscot County which docu- - ments the environmental review of the project and more fully sets for the reasons why such statement is not required. This Environmental Review Record is on file at the^above_address and is available for public ex amination and copying upon request at the Grants and Con tracts Division, Community Building. Indian Island, Old Town, Maine 04468 between the hours of 8 a.m. and 4:30 p.m. No further environmental re view o f each project is proposed to be conducted prior to the ,request for release o f Federal funds. All interested agencies; groups and persons disagreeing with this decision are invited to submit written comments for considera tion by the Tribal Council o f the Penobscot Indian Nation to the office o f the undersigned. Such written comments should be re ceived at the Community Build ing, Indian Island, Old Town, Maine 04468, on or before Octo ber 17, 1979. All such comments will be considered and the Pen obscot Indian Nation, Penob scot County will not take any administrative action on the with in project prior to the date specified in the preceding sen tence. Wilfred Pehrson Governor Penobscot Indian Nation Community Building Indian Island Old Town, Maine 04468 October 17,1979 �Page 12 Wahanaki Alliance October 1979 news notes Flashback photo Tribal charter rules proposed ' . Boston area Indians join Allagash trip ORONO— Five young men from the WASHINGTON— Regulations for Indian Dorchester area o f Boston, recently par tribes seeking to form tribal constitutions or ticipated in a week-long expedition on charters or make changes, are being the Allagash Wilderness Waterway. proposed by Bureau o f Indian Affairs. The canoe trip, sponsored by Wilderness The purpose o f the new regulations is to Pursuits o f Orono under the leadership of provide uniformity and order in holding Nicholas Dow, is part o f Wabanaki Corpor elections on constitutions and bylaws or ation’s alcoholism and drug abuse preven charters. tion efforts. The trip provides a wilderness A significant change, introduced by the experience and the chance to share feelings proposed regulations, is that petitioning by and learn to cooperate in facing challenges. tribal members will no longer be recognized It is a chance for youngsters to develop as a way to initiate a tribal reorganization. self-confidence and trust in others. The process, under the proposed regula Sammy Sapiel, recreation director for tions can only be initiated by a valid request Boston Indian Council, coordinated the from a tribe’s governing body or a participation o f the Boston youths. They representative committee. were Steve Marshall, 12; Derrick Stevens, The purpose of this change is to require 13; John Quigley, 16; Jeffrey Gunther, 13; tribal members to work through their and Cedric Cromwell, 1 4. government rather than around it. The petitioning process remains valid where tribal constitutions recognize it and where the Indian Reorganization Act provides for it as the means whereby the Secretary o f the A Federal jury in North Platte, Neb., has Interior may be requested to issue a charter awarded $300,000 to an Oglala Sioux o f incorporation. woman who charged the city o f Gordon and one o f its police officers with violating her civil rights and causing her to have a mis carriage. Jo Ann Yellow Bird has accused Gordon Indian tribal businesses are flourishing, police of kicking her in the stomach, threat The U.S. News and World Report, a ening to shoot her, throwing her into a “drunk tank” and denying her medical national magazine, reported recently. A four page story says commercial Indian attention following a bar brawl in Septem ventures in timber, coal, oil, resorts, ber, 1976. Fifteen days later she lost her factories and farming are paying off. The unborn child. Miscarriage award _________ H H *M HOME ON THE FARM — Mary Stevens, well known Indian in Houlton, poses with dog, at left. At right is photo of Rosemary Joseph and several children, at Indian Township. The boy is Newell Tomah. [Photo courtesy of Ramona Stackhouse] Boy scou tin g for Indians u rged Magazine reports tribes prospering full-time staff member assigned. There is NORTH BRUNSWICK, N.J.— A major also an active American Indian Relation effort to spur increased use of the Scouting ships Committee, headed by Brantley Blue, program among American Indian youth was of Washington, D.C. During the past five Indian household median income is now announced here. years this committee has sought outside higher than that for blacks, Puerto Ricans The Boy Scouts o f America in cooperation LOWELL, Mass. — Area Indians here funding for the additional support now- and Mexican Americans, the article said. camped, danced and sang in celebration of with the National Indian.Activities Associa Gains in education were also reported, with announced. s tion has established the American Indian an estimated 40,000 Indians currently the harvest season, at what’ called the Five specific goals are seen, according to historical Pawtucket Indian site. The fair Scouting Outreach Program. Two other attending college. Featured were business Hess and Homer. took place Oct. 13-14. The site is located in groups assisting with the project are the The outreach program will serve to developments at Warm Springs, Minnesota Idaho Inter-Tribal Policy Board and the a state forest. develop a deeper understanding by tribal Chippewa, and Ak-Chin reservations. Indian and Native American Programs leaders of the need for a greater ‘ push’ for offfice o f the U.S. Department o f Labor . Scouting programs for Indian youth. It will According to Pete Homer, Jr., president develop an increased awareness on the part o f the National Indian Activities Associa of volunteer and professional Scouters that tion, the project is designed “to develop the American Indian youth can and will be capacity o f Indian communities to use the benefited by Scouting programs. Scouting program to serve Indian youth. It will develop stronger communication BSA officials estimate that about 1,000 links between local tribal leaders and local native Americans currently are associated Scouting council personnel. It will develop with the Boy Scout program. workable patterns o f operation needed to The project also is designed to develop, support Scouting on Indian reservations and through collaboration between local Indian in urban areas having concentrations of tribal and community groups and local Boy Indians. And it will increase the number of Scout councils, community-based support Indian youth within the Scouting member services to help ensure continuity o f the ship and the number o f tribal chartered program. Scouting units. James A. Hess, veteran professional Kenneth Gould, acting executive director Scouter, will serve as executive director of o f NIAA. and Lonnie Racehorse, director o f the program for 13 months through F O R T H E B H I f f E J F I T O F T H U the Idaho Inter-Tribal Policy Board, have September 1980. Hess, who has been also cooperated in arrangements. director o f BSA’s Community Relationships Hess comes to the program’s leadership Service, will be headquartered in South with a background in Scouting-Indian Brunswick. N.J., and will work with Indian cooperation. He has been secretary to communities in eastern states. Scouting’ American Indian Relationships s Assisting Hess will be two American Committee for the past five years and has Indian associates, still to be named, who will coordinated support o f Indian seminars on be headquartered in the NIAA office in Scouting during this period. An Eagle Scout Oklahoma City. They will work with jfhd veteran o f World War II military selected Indian communities west of the service, Hess is a graduate of Mt. Union Mississippi River. College. He has served in Scout executive Since 1957, the BSA has provided posts in Kentucky, Ohio, Indiana, and A L L A R E R E Q U E S T E D T O W E A R IN D IA N C O S T U M E S . national staff services to Indian communi ties. and for several years there was a Minnesota. Harvest festival held P R - imWLO- tlttt E MG - U- EH ( L E T ’S H A V E A D A N CE.) At the Upper Hall, Mian Island, MONDAY EVENING, FEBRUARY 25th, PENOBSCOT UMIAfl BftflD 2 C A S H P J b t li& J iiw S ONE FOB THE PRETTIEST DOSTOIBED COOPLE, “ “ “ )U0ST FBHTBSTID Pleasant Point planners organize PLEASANT POINT — The Passamaquoddy tribe has organized a planning department here, with a staff o f three persons. In charge is Charles Lewis, an Eastport area native who has been working for the tribe several months. Lewis, after a military career in the U.S. Army, worked for Indian legal services in Calais, and later worked with land claims lawyer Thomas N. Tureen, who represents the Passamaquoddies in their land claim to northern Maine. Lewis said a meeting was planned “to pull all the planners together — then we’ have ll more direction and hopefully coordination. Lewis recently completed a so-called tribal specific health plan for Indian Health Service, the federal agency that funds medical services on the reservation. Hired to work with Lewis were Peter Bailey, a member o f the Passamaquoddy tribe who will work on future housing, and Robert Mendoza, a Creek Indian who will serve as assistant planner. Floor Managers: J. S. SHAY, M M NICHOLA. . . tfosic: INDIAN ISLAND ORCHESTRA, (4 Pieces) Admission, 10 Cents. Dance, Including Admission, 50 Cents. OLD HANDBILL for a dance at Indian Island. Does anyone know the date of this event? The Upper Hall is gone, but the recently built commnnity boilding would be suitable for a revival of these good times. Perm-gur-wul-de-netch. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <em>Wabanaki Alliance</em> (October 1979) Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Indian Resource Center Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1979-10 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Donald Soctomah Julia Brush Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Document Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource pdf Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DV-404 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Passamaquoddy Cultural Museum Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Steve Cartwright. Used with permission. https://www.dawnlandvoices.org/collections/files/original/f9efffd43758a09ba2737c8fe95acb14.pdf f08f072d7c6d7c26be75c4f5551058b0 PDF Text Text Org. U.S. Postage Paid Orono, Maine Permit No. 15 N o n -p ro fit SUSAN H. SI EVENS 3312 x c:::.:s ALBUfiL'Er.jUE, iil! 87110 W abanaki A lliance July 1979 Sockabasin-Dana case Supreme Court ruling seen as Indian victory KER-SPLOOSH! Willy Lola, Ron Patrick Soekabasin, and John King, cool off with a gleeful plunge into Big Lake, at Indian Township. Willy is 10, Ron 6, and John, 11 years old. Island man dead of knife wound INDIAN ISLAND — A Penobscot In State Legislature, at the tribe's request, dian, Adrian Loring, 29, was discovered authorizing removal o f unattached nondead from knife wounds here, on July 1 4. Indians from the reservation. Arrested in connection with the slaying ’ He was born Nov. 2, 1949, in Bangor, son was William A. Holmes, who had reportedly o f George and Julia (Neptune) Loring. He been living with an Indian Island woman the had worked in construction. He is survived by his father o f LaGrange; his wife, Yvonne past several months. Holmes, 22, was in (Francis) Loring o f Old Town; a daughter, jail pending arraignment, at press time, authorities said. Further details were not Christi Loring, Brewer; two sisters, Donna available, but sources said the incident Loring o f Old Town and Beth Sockbeson of was the first murder to occur in 89 years, Bangor. Funeral services were held at the at the reservation. Indian Island Baptist Church. Burial will be A law was recently enacted by the Maine in the tribal cemetery. ORONO — A 29-page opinion that favors federal jurisdiction on Maine Indian reser vations caught persons close to the case by surprise. This month’ precedent-setting ruling was s handed down by the state supreme court several months earlier than anticipated. The support for federal jurisdiction in what amounts to a test case for Maine reserva tions left Penobscot and Passamaquoddy leaders jubilant. Penobscot Tribal Administrator Andrew Akin commented, “I'm very pleased. The decision not only aided Allen (Soekabasin), but we expect it to help us greatly in the land claims case.” A non-Indian source who is an expert on this case said tile riding is, quite a setback for the state.” He agreed that the decision would help Indians seek return o f aboriginal tribal land. “The ultimate issue has not been decided, but the state has a pretty steep hill to climb,” he said. David Rosen, an assistant attorney gen eral for the state, said at press time, "W e only received a copy o f the decision late this afternoon,” and he declined to comment. The case stems from an appeal on behalf o f two Passamaquoddy men, Allen J. Sockabasin and Albert C. Dana, convicted o f arson last year in Washington County superior court, in connection with an attempt to burn the Indian Township elementary school. Lawyers for the de fen ders argued that the state does not have jurisdiction over crimes committed on reser vation lands — instead, they argued, major crimes fall within the province o f the federal government. The supreme court justices appear to agree. Their opinion declares that if the alleged crime occurred in “ Indian country,” then federal jurisdiction applies. The court said that “all dependent Indian com munities” that are identifiably separate in cultural and economic ways from non-In dians constitute “Indian country.” Further, the court said the burden of proof is on the state, to show that Indian Township Passamaquoddies were not a tribe in 1790 (date o f the federal Indian non intercourse act that is a basis o f tribal land claims), and therefore, were not a tribe April 16, 1977, date o f the attempted arson. To contend the Passamaquoddies were not a tribe will be difficult if not impossible, as the federal government has recently given Penobscots and Passamaquoddies official recognition. “The state has the burden of proof. It’ irrational to claim that they were s not a tribe in 1790,” commented a source ciose lo the case. The text o f the opinion says, in part: "We have arrived at an understanding of (Continued on page 9 ) Tribes slate pageants INDIAN ISLAND — The Penobscot res ervation plans to hold its annual Indian pageant July 22. The program, which begins at 1:00, will include dancers from the Island and Pleasant Point and native crafts. Food and beverages will be available. The pageant is open to the public. Proceeds will go to St. Ann’ Mission. s Indian Island is also planning an Indian field day on July 21. All Maine Indian people are invited to attend. The Most Rev. Edward C. O ’ Leary, Bishop o f the Roman Catholic Diocese o f Portland, is expected to visit Indian Island, on that day. Pleasant Point’ 14th annual pageant will s be held on August 12. The affair will mark the 100th anniversary o f St. Ann’ Mission s at Pleasant Point. Native dancing, crafts', and food will be featured. IM director impressed with Penobscot plant S INDIAN ISLAND — The head o f Indian Health Service (IHS) showered praise on the new Penobscot Health and Social Services Department, and said he anticipated similar Passamaquoddy developments. Dr. Emery Johnson, director o f the federal agency, told Penobscot and Passa maquoddy tribal officials that Indian Island’ new plant is “just a little short o f a s miracle.” Johnson visited the Penobscot Nation this month, and Passamaquoddy health directors were invited to attend a luncheon and official meeting at the Indian Island center. “I think the message here is we need to get across to Congress and the President the good results that have come from the ex penditure for these programs . . . the short term and long term payoff,” Johnson said. “This is something the outside community should learn about,” he added. “We’ not going to stop this health re planning process. This is just volume one. We want to come back and sit down with you. and say okay, what can we do now to work with you,” Johnson said. He praised Penobscot health and social services, stating that, “There isn’ any question, you’ done t ve it all.” Present at the meeting were Penobscot Health and Social Services Director, Dr. Eunice Baumann; Pleasant Point Passamquoddy Health and Social Services Director, Doris Kirby; and Indian Township Health and Social Services Di rector, Wayne Newell. Johnson told officials, “You’ re going through a process the outside community hasn’ gone through, but will have to face. t That’ my prediction. By that time you’ be s ll down the road doing something else. The Indian communities have been ahead o f the general community for at least the last decade,” he said. Enjoying a meal prepared by Happy Hamilton, a Penobscot, Johnson joked that the center was “about 200 years coming.” Indian Island’ center is the first such s complex to be built under IHS auspices in northeast. The nearest similar center is at a Seneca reservation in New York. Newell, commenting on Passamaquoddy health services, said he hoped to see a groundbreaking ceremony for a center at Indian Township by August 1 “We’ . ve learned much from the experiences o f other tribes,” he said, adding, "like the other communities, we’ discovered that alcohol ve and drug abuse are the biggest problems. We’ begun to look at the values and ve spiritual aspects of our community.” Newell mentioned the “frustration” of having to employ non-Indians in health and social service positions. “ We’ committed re to having our own people do the job, but we just don’ have the people to fill the slots,” t he said. Discussing the tribe’ recently completed s Tribal Specific Health Plan, Newell said, “I just totally misjudged how much work there was in it.” Asked by Johnson what he would do differently, Newell replied, “ We’ start d earlier.” Kirby cited problems with the abuse of prescription drugs, “instead of really treating someone.” Johnson toured Indian Island’ complex, s and called it “sophisticated.” He praised the (Continued on page 9) �Page 2 Wabanaki Alliance July 1979 editorials Age of irony We live in an age of many ironies. We read about an international peace effort between world powers; and next to that story, news of a new weapon to blow us off the face of the earth. We encountered another kind of irony recently, in a Passamaquoddy reservation home. The television was blaring out a “Western,” and a cowboy was drawling from under his ten-gallon hat: “I don’ know Joe, but it looks like Indians to me.” t Several Indian youngsters were watching the show, impassively. What was the TV saying to them? At least unconsciously, the TV was telling these kids that Indians are bad news. We heard that one Indian girl told her mother she was glad she did not live on an Indian reservation — an idea she acquired from TV. Textbooks and storybooks still portray Indians with ridicule, exaggeration, or a humor that is ill-disguised prejudice. In 1979, one might expect to be rid of such stereotypes. We still hear stupid jokes about Indian chiefs, war dances, and so forth. (We confess to enjoying a few of the jokes that turn the tables on the white man.) People can be too picky. Obviously, jokes of all kinds will persist, as will some unpleasant stereotypes and other instances of bad taste and prejudice. Not all prejudice is negative: Nobody minds if we are prejudiced in favor of watermelon on a hot day. It’ the destructive s myths that we must relinquish. It’ like pulling out those vicious s weeds in the garden — they’ tenacious, abundant, and sometimes re grow back. We all need to make the conscious effort to provide models and examples of understanding and mutual respect. As reasonable people, we owe it to our children to destroy stereotypes, before those stereotypes — the drunken Indian, the lazy Indian, the enemy Indian — destroy the children. One way to do this is to insist on responsible presentation of Indians in books, magazines, newspapers, radio and TV. To ask for fairness and respect is not asking too much. Not to demand fair treatment is to allow destructive myths to continue. A group of Indian persons have been meeting regularly the past couple of months to edit and revise a textbook for Maine public school students. This group has addressed itself to a chapter dealing with Indians. Many errors of both fact and attitude turned up in the original draft. The Indian advisory group has corrected these misunder standings and misinterpretations to the best of its ability. What will emerge is a brief history o f Maine Indians that is responsible, fair, accurate and respectful. Finally, a chapter of Indian history and culture is being prepared by Indians. There is absolutely nothing ironic about that. Five-year-old Gary Neptnne wasn’t too scared, as a patient in the dental chair at Indian Island. Gary is the son of Gloria and Gary Neptnne, Sr., of Old Town. Healthy community A story this month reports on a visit to Indian Island by the head of Indian Health Service, a national agency that is funding health centers at three reservations in Maine. The director, Dr. Emery Johnson, is an affable, unpretentious young man, who seems dedicated to his work. He praised the Penobscots’ Indian Island complex, and offered encouragement to the two planned Passamaquoddy health and social services centers, yet to be built. While this sort of thing might sound all in a day’ s work to outside persons, such is not the case. The Indian Island health center is a breakthrough. At last, Penobscots have direct medical and other services in their own community. A dentist, a physician's assistant, a lab technician, a nutritionist — the list goes on. There is a child care center, and space for senior citizens and their luncheon meetings. Aside from all the practical advantages, the Penobscot center is of appealing architectural design, and creates a warm, friendly gathering place for members and friends of the tribe. Soon, possibly within a matter of a year or so, Passamaquoddies at Pleasant Point and at Indian Township will share similar benefits. Importantly, Indians in Maine are handling their own contracting for goods and services, apart from the funding agency, Indian Health Service. Dr. Johnson said he had been advised that allowing Indians to take charge of funding and planning was like throwing money away. Fortunately, Johnson had more confidence than that. His confidence was well placed. The glow of Johnson’ praise is welcome, but Indians must s remember that goods and services alone do not make a healthy community. Also essential is a fabric of community values. Wayne Newell, director of health and social services at Indian Township, pointed this out at a meeting with Johnson. Alcoholism and drug abuse are still widespread, he emphasized, and community values must resist these self-destructive patterns. Nurturing values must replace the unhealthy habits, which include things like so-called junk food, smoking and lack o f adequate exercises. Doris Kirby, director of health and social services at Pleasant Point, remarked that many persons are too dependent on prescription drugs. This brings us to a point worth considering. Health starts with the individual, and his or her habits. Needless to say, a group of healthy individuals is a healthy community. �MORE LETTERS ON PAGE FOUR Wabanaki Alliance July 1979 Page 3 letters F orgotten Indians Bangor To the editor: This is a letter for the Indians that everyone seems to, or would like to forget about, including sometimes their relatives. I don't have any statistics on how many o f our brothers and sisters are in various institu tions in the nation or even in Maine, but I know the number is growing. many have people willing to recognize them and aid them? Even if it’ just writing a s letter to let them know they aren’ forgotten, t it would mean a great deal. There is no cultural setting in any institution in the state to let the Indian learn his culture, or study his religion, or to help him (or her) take pride in their race or to retain the pride they have. The institutions are structured to strip everyone of their pride, not just Indians alone. We are and always have been a proud race. It is the Indian way to help its brothers and sisters less fortunate than themselves. I am asking that you contact any brother or sister that you know of, that is in any type of institution, and, if at all possible, to help in any way. Please do. The Indian is kin to the Indian, regardless o f tribal affiliation, we must stand together! There are many things, too numerous to mention, that could be done to help, and I’ sure that you good people reading this m will do what you can. I do not know if you can or will publish this letter, but I am in hope that you will. If you need to edit it, do so. Also, if you could get it published in other Indian papers, please do so. If not my letter, then an editorial or anything would do, just some thing to remind the people that they have brothers and sisters that need them and any type o f support they can give. Tom Thurlow I am speaking from experience, as I am now completing my second term of confine ment at Maine State Prison. I am at the pre-release center at Bangor. I am Passamaquoddy. I lived on Pleasant Point Reserva tion many years ago with my mother, Gloria Moore. I am 30 years old and in the process o f my second divorce. I have been confined for eight and one half months and have three and one half months left till I am dis charged. The only relative that has been to visit me in this period is my cousin from Pleasant Point, Raymond Moore. He took time out of a very busy schedule, to see me and see if I needed anything and to tell me that I could go to his home for furloughs. This was important to me and I would like to take this opportunity to thank him very much. I consider myself fortunate to know and have as a relative, someone so generous and unselfish. Don't you agree? But what o f my countless brothers and sisters that are confined in this state alone? How many o f them aren’ so fortunate, how t Prison story re v ie w e d Thomaston To the editor: I don't know if any other inmates have expressed their thanks for your recent interview with us. If not, I'd like to say thank you, for myself as well as sending the other inmates’gratitude. I thought you did a good story, considering what you had to work with. I was disappointed with your evaluation of the situation down here. Although my opinions may be a little biased, I’d like to bring out a few points you may have missed or misinterperted. First o f all Mr. Tompkins is not a spokesman o f the Indian population down here. I really resented that, especially since I can speak very well for myself. Don’ get me t wrong as I think Mr. Tompkins is a very good person. But nobody can speak for another Indian except themselves. Another point I think you missed, is the discrimination and violation o f civil rights inflicted on the average Indian inmate. That is the greatest problem an Indian faces in here. But like most things, everybody talks about unity and helping their Indian brother, but when it comes to action, nobody really wants to do anything. I’m really not bitter about it as it’ a harsh s reality o f life. I just feel sad that the average Indian has allowed themselves to be brain washed into thinking like a white man. These are just my personal thoughts, and I could never speak o f what's on another Indian’ mind. One thing I can say, is the s average Indian doesn't use the gift of inductive thinking. I think money and tech nological advancement is more important to them instead of their own humanity.. I hope I’m wrong but like everything else, time will tell. I’ drawn up a 1983 civil rights com ve plaint against the prison. I couldn’ get any t legal help or afford a lawyer so I’ doing my m own legal work. I can do legal research, and have a working knowledge o f the law. Hopefully I’ win my case, that way these ll Indians in here will have a way to fight back. As soon as I enter it in Federal Court, I expect retaliation from the prison. How severe it will be I don’ know. I really don’ t t care, as I’ convinced I’ in the right. m m Whatever happens happens. Brian J. Attean UP AND OVER — These cartwheelers were spotted in the hall of the Indian Island community building recently. They are Greta Neptune, left, of Indian Island, and Star LaCoute, of Indian Township. Positive influence The real news Mt. Pleasant, Michigan To the editor: As a recipient o f the “Alliance” for approximately the past year, I wish to thank you for your fine, informative publication. I’ not sure how my name was added to the m list o f subscribers, but suspect my aunt, Jean Watson, o f Milford, MI. (daughter o f Joseph E. and Jane M. Ranco and granddaughter o f Peter and Mary Jane Francis Ranco) has seen to it that I keep informed. I greatly appreciate the individual and collective efforts which bring me the real news. Winston-Salem, N.C. Enclosed is a small contribution which I To the editor: hope will assist in maintaining those efforts. Just received June issue o f Wabanaki I would also like to encourage at least the Alliance. I believe every issue gets better. consideration o f a donation on the part of Especially interested in the article page 4 all readers. _ __ Jim Houston “Stalking the Fiddlehead!’ I wonder if you would send me the address o f Rev. Donald Daigle. I would like to write him. Togus It would be difficult to say which part o f To the editor: your paper I enjoy the most I read each issue We have been informed by the Depart from cover to cover. Especially interested in ment o f Indian Affairs that you publish such each month’ flashback photo, but to be a journal. We would appreciate any infor s brief and to the point Wabanaki Alliance is mation you might send us. Stu Groten a great paper. Veterans Administration Augustus Webb Published monthly by the Division of Indian Services [DIS] at the Indian Resource Center, 95 Main St., Orono, Me. 04473. To the editor: I look forward so much to the newspaper. June’ issue was filled with so much good s stuff. Your article on the Thomaston in mates was forthright and honest. I feel that Wabanaki Alliance has been such a positive influence binding people together and also a spring board for social action. Pat Tompkins Steven Cartwright, Editor William O ’ Neal, Ass’L Editor Notes improvement Wabanaki Alliance Vol. 3, No. 7 DIS Board of Directors Jean Chavaree [chairman] John Bailey, Public Safety Coordinator Albert Dana, Tribal Councilor Timothy Love, Representative to State Legislature Jeannette Neptune, Community Development Director Teresa Sappier, Central Maine Indian Assoc. Susan Desiderio, Assn, of Aroostook Indians Maynard Polchies, President, Aroostook Indians Melvin L. Vicaire, Central Maine Indian Assn. Reuben C. Cleaves, Representative to State Legislature July 1979 Indian Island Pleasant Point Indian Township Indian Island Indian Township Orono Houlton Houlton Mattawamkeag Pleasant Point DIS is an agency of Diocesan Human Relations Services, Inc. of Maine. Subscriptions to this newspaper are available by writing to Wabanaki Alliance, 95 Main St., Orono, Me. 04473. Diocesan Human Relations Services and DIS are a non-profit corporation. Contri butions are deductible for income tax purposes. VA inquiry �Page 4 Wabanaki Alliance July 1979 letters Indians spring back To the editor: Would you please let me know how much it is to jstart a paper. I got my Indian paper from my uncie but I want to start paying for my newsletter that is coming to me now. This note I wrote is something that just came to my head. I’ not the best speller, m but I hope you like it. I have been married to a white man for 14 years and it’ ending. I s don’ want you to use my real name but my t Indian name. I also want my sister to have a newspaper too, so if you could let me know the price I sure would appreciate hearing from you. There isn't enough room for an Indian, why because I’m an Indian and living in a white man’ world for (21) twenty-one years s before you know it you’ pushed aside. re Why? Because an Indian thinks one way and a white man thinks another. But we Indians always spring back no matter how hard we are pushed. Why? Because we are proud to be Indian. Morning Star (Penobscot) Praise for Emma Francis Bangor To the editor: I would like to let all o f the readers o f the Wabanaki Alliance know what a fine job , Emma Francis has done in developing the gymnastic program for the girls on the Island. She has worked very hard on this for the past two years. Emma went to many board and council meetings to obtain funding for the program, and then personal ly saw to it that the girls were transported to Bangor and back. I am confident that the girls from the Island and their parents join me, Vickie Daigle, and the school in saying “Thank you, Emma, for the great job you have done!” At this time I would also like to mention how well the five girls and one boy did in their gymnastic training. I am very proud of them all: Tami, Sherri and Kim Mitchell, Lee Ann Decora, John and Christa King. Vickie Daigle Rudy Ramirez Indian query Greensburg, Indiana To the editor: Picked up the Wabanaki Alliance paper to read it and under the heading Letters to the Editor: I read Creek Indian Query? Now what in the hell is that? I never wrote anything to your paper like that. Creek’ up your way? I’ not Creek. I’ s m m Chippewa. I’ never changed. ve Some one made a mistake somewhere, check it out ok? Stewart Rodda Le tte r o f tha nks Gardiner To the editor: This is an open letter to all o f those associated with the Maine Indian com munity. On behalf o f the sponsors and staff of the Maine Studies Curriculum Project, I wish to express my deep appreciation for the generous contribution o f time and thought given to the review and writing o f the Maine Dirigo textbook and educational program being produced by the Project. The many hours o f travel, discussion, writing, and review which were given so freely by so many will make this book of special value to Indians and non-Indians alike. The chapters on the history of Maine and the Wabanakis will fill a much neglected area o f Maine history and correct inaccuracies and misconceptions. I wish to give a very special thank you to the writing committee, to those who attended the meetings and reviewed the manuscripts, and to the American Friends Service Committee for supporting and assisting in coordinating the effort with my office. It was a pleasure meeting all of you and working with you. Dean B. Bennett Director Maine Studies Curriculum Project A donation Oneida, Tenn. To the editor: Heard about your fine publication, the “Wabanaki Alliance” newspaper. I’ very d much appreciate being put on your mailing list. Will send donations from time to time. Also, heard that you would like articles, etc. to publish — have enclosed a copy o f our “United Lenape Bands” Aims and Goals — this, is what we try to follow as closely as possible, in our U.L.B. I wrote these Aims and Goals, and you have my permission to copy any part or all o f it. If you would like more articles on our U.L.B. — our work, etc. I’ be more than happy to send ll material. Also, I have much raw material for Indian arts and crafts work, such as buck skins, buffalo horns, white tail and mule deer antlers (in sets> bobcat and wolf hides (all tanned) etc. If your members are interested in securing some o f these items, I could send you a price list. Will close for now, so please put us on your mailing list and send any information you may have, that you think will be o f importance to us — have enclosed SI.00 — to start with. Chief Sam Gray W olf— U.L.B. Rt. #2 Box 286 Oneida, Tennessee 37841 P.S. — your may print my name and address, as I’ answer any and all letters ll from our Indian peoples. The steepest mountain To become a man you have to climb the steepest mountain, the mountain of manhood, for it will not be easy; it takes great will, strength and courage to fight the pain which awaits you climbing the roughest trail. To survive you must go on and on, learn great wisdom as others encourage you not to stop, for it is very dangeftms. Once you have stopped, too weak to go on, you will have no place to go, you can’ go t forward or back, therefore you must step aside, clearing the path so that others can go on fighting for their survival. Staying there and wasting your life away, not knowing what to do, but hanging your ISLAND BEAUTY — Angela Lamberth, 7, stopped by on a visit with her grandfather, Joseph Biscula, at Indian Island. Angela is from an even larger island ... in the Philippines, where her father, David, is stationed with the Navy. Her mother, Mary, is thinking of buying a house on Indian Island. Angela said she wants to move to the Island. The Philippines have too many snails, beetles, lizards, bamboo vipers, and boa constrictors, she said. She said she’ most looking forward to making her first snowball. s head low for no one to see. For those who fought hard to reach the top a great change comes over you as you enter the square o f the four directions. You have a chance to see life around you, to fast and pray, thanking the Lord for having you as a chosen one, to live a good life from there on. There you will be granted the powers of love, courage, faith, wisdom to know the strength to fight the evil and to have great respect for everything and everyone around you; to enjoy freedom like the great buffalo of the endless plains. Matthew Dana Indian Township A refugee Cherokee Santa Barbara, Ca. To the editor: The Reorganization Act o f 1934 provided for, freedom o f choice, each tribe could reject it in a referendum held by secret ballot. Tribes that accepted the 1934 Act could organize under it for a local tribal government. Under the Johnson O ’ Mally Act that was also passed the same time that the Reorganization Act of 1934. The tribes came out from under federal jurisdiction and could decide on allowing other political subdivisions o f the states and private agencies in to help the Indians build up their economic enterprises, through this flexible system o f contracts and o f being given grants to help the Indian develop their economic system. But they were given free choice to decide on the non-federal help under the Johnson O ’ Mally Act o f 1934 and the Act o f 1934 called the Reorganization Act o f 1934. Under the Reorganization Act the tribes who voted to come under this Act were also allowed to organize under their local self tribal government, but they were to call their Indian owned and operated corporations Federal Charted for Economic Enterprise and an Indian Commissioner was appointed his duties were to encourage Tribe self government and tribal owned and operated and worked cooperative enterprises, under the Reorganization Act o f 1934, now it seems to me the Indian people should get their act together and first find out which tribes voted to come under the Reorganiza tion Act o f 1934 and which voted to come under the Johnson O ’ Mally Act o f 1934. We call ourselves Refugee Indians be cause we or our representatives have never given up our original title and ownership to our land. We exist as a distinct national community and we will never relinquish our sovereignty to our ancestors’ claim o f land sovereignty unless the United States Gov ernment makes war upon our Bear Nation, and they have to find us first since we are Indian Refugees and spread across Ameri ca, we consider all o f America our sovereign right and home lands. We cannot be dissolved as a free united Indian nation because o f the expulsion from our lands, we are refugees o f this land and we are still a nation until we ourselves decide to relinguish title, which we will never do since the blood and guts and flesh and bones of our ancestors are mixed in this land and it speaks to us and is alive to us and tells us we still have sovereignty to this land and that our rag-tailed disposessed people are still a sovereign nation, needless to say we can’ get t federal jurisdiction on us because the United States hasn’ had a Indian War with t us and beat us. But we claim our right under the 1924 Act that states every Indian born in lands belonging to the U.S. is a citizen, so we claim all the United States Constitutional rights every other citizen has, we feel this is about what white America does they claim all their rights as an American here and still cling to their white European roots and take care o f the people overseas while the Native Peoples o f this land get no human rights or legal rights, so we feel we can help change all this by our own special political sovereignty, since we claim our Indian Sovereignty we come directly under the United States Constitution, which we re spect in the fact that it is the only law o f this country and the officials who are elected are required to serve it, therefore we deal only with the Constitution and Constitutional Law for it is the true government, the men come and go and only are servants to serve it. Pauline Grehalva Refugee Cherokee Diocesan camp offers scholarships PORTLAND — A number o f half-scholarships are available this summer for Camp Pesquasawasis at Poland Spring, operated by Diocesan Human Relations Services, Inc. Four two-week sessions are scheduled at the camp, starting July 1 The co-ed camp . for ages six to 13 offers Red Cross swimming, boating, sports, art, radio, photography and worship services, with the Rev. Frank Morin, chaplain. For further information contact John DiBiase, director, 87 High Street, Portland. �Tribe to enforce logging policy By Steve Cartwright INDIAN TOWNSHIP — The practice of clearclutting areas of the 17,000 wooded acres of the Passamaquoddy reservation here became strictly illegal July 1, and other new regulations protecting the tribe and Indian woodsmen are equally stringent. Bruce Francis, head o f the tribe’ recently s established Forestry Department, said he has sought laws with “teeth” in them, plus the authority to police all tribally held land. Francis, the first Passamaquoddy Indian to graduate from the University o f Maine at Orono’ forestry school, has extended his s authority to stopping speeding vehicles along Route 1 in the Township. , Among the tighter rules adopted by the Joint Passamaquoddy Tribal Council is that, “all timber harvesting on Indian Township shall require a permit issued through the Decal affixed to Indian forestry depart ment’s pickup truck. Passamaquoddy Indian Forestry Depart ment.” Such a permit must describe the area to be cut, a list of wood by species and units, plus stumpage rate. Only one permit may be held by a contractor at any given time, the regulations stipulate, only one crew is allowed per logging contractor (not more than five persons), and the majority o f crew members must be enrolled in the Passamaquoddy tribe. The new forestry department, “will be responsible for seeing that all permit requirements have been met.” It’ a whole new ball game for Indian s Township, which shares its forest resources with Pleasant Point Passamaquoddy reser vation. Francis and other tribal officials acknowledge that effective forest manage ment has been a long time coming, and that unregulated cutting has in the past led to the devastation o f some o f the Indians’ prime woodlands. Enforcement sounds easy on paper, but Francis at press time had just one trained forester working in his fledgling depart ment, plus several assistants learning skills on the job. One of those assistants, Joe Socobasin, a Passamaquoddy, knows the problems in a personal way. "It’ their land. Why should anyone tell s them what to do with it,” Socobasin asked rhetorically. He said his father is a woodcutter at the Township, and father and son don’ see eye to eye on forestry t management. Seasoned contractors, assign ed lots for their own use by the tribe, may not react favorable to sudden restrictions and requirements that cramp their style. Currently, there are four crews working the Indian Township woods, and one of them reportedly does not meet the require ments of a majority of Indians involved. New regulations had not been enforced at the time this article was written. The four pages o f regulations state that only one skidder per crew will be permitted any logging operation, and skidders “must be owned or leased with an option to buy, by a tribal member.” Also “each contractor is responsible for the work of employees, associates or helpers and for their compli ance with the terms o f the permit and the guidelines listed.” Explicit procedures for cutting are set forth: Trees eligible to be cut will be marked at chest level, and at the stump, by forestry Indian foresters, Russell Roy, left, Paula Bryant and Joe Socobasin stand beside skidder department staff. In other words, all trees and only those trees marked exclusively by that belongs to Joe’s father. the forestry department may be harvested. Logging being a year-round business at Indian Township, the regulations require snow be cleared from around trees before they are felled. Trees must be limbed and topped before being yarded. The new rules demand that contractors construct their own truck roads, installing necessary bridges and culverts, and pay for same. Plans for new roads must be okayed by the forestry department. Any damage to the roads attributable to logging operations is the responsibility of the contractor. Contractors must inform the department who its purchasing agents are, and those agents must supply forestry officials with a copy o f scale slips. Stumpage values shall be reported to the Department of Indian Affairs. Copies o f stumpage checks must be given to the forestry department for review. Regulations declare that, “ Payments for stumpage will be for the best products that can be made.” Orders regarding buildings and fire prevention are straight and to the point. Buildings shall not be constructed without the department’ permission, and that s applies to trailers as well. Buildings or trailers must be removed when a job is completed. Fires can only be built on snow. In case of forest fire, loggers and other woods workers must drop what they’ re doing and join firefighting efforts. Unless otherwise covered, such persons will be paid going rates for their assistance. A woods road at Indian Township — 17,000 acres of timber land. George Stanley of Pleasant Point enjoys log ging; “You can bunt anytime you want to.” Violations will apparently be dealt with evenly and quickly. "Should it be found that any contractor is in violation o f any o f the aforementioned policies and procedures, the Indian Township Forestry Department is duly authorized by the Joint Passama quoddy Tribal Council to 1 Halt the logging ) operation o f the contractor in question until the violation has been remedied; 2) Direct the contractor to perform whatever tasks are necessary to bring the operation within the requirements.” Hauling a heavy load along Route 1, Indian Township. �Page 6 Wabanaki Alliance July 1979 Township spared budworm spray INDIAN TOWNSHIP — The Passamaquoddy reservation here was all set to be sprayed in the spruce budworm control pro gram. but last minute changes in plans prevented the poison from being applied to 10,000 wooded acres. Tribal forestry department head, Bruce Francis, said he had at first requested state authorities to spray against the pest, but later objected because of the kind o f spray. “I'd given them the okay to go ahead, with the idea that they’ spray Sevin. Then I d heard it was going to be Dylox,” Francis said. He said tribal Gov. Harold Lewey formally requested the state not spray any areas of Indian Township. Several Indians reportedly expressed concern about spraying Indian Township, where drinking water comes from lakes and streams. Their concern may have influenced Francis and Lewey to change their minds. Tribal forester Russell Roy said there was “too much standing water” in the woods to safely spray Dylox. The organic Sevin is seen as a safer insecticide than the chemical Dylox. Dylox is more toxic. SPIT AND POLISH — Maxwell Stanley keeps the two fire engines at Pleasant Point ready for action. Boxers battle first round at Indian Island INDIAN ISLAND — The first Indian invitational boxing tournament at the Penobscot Nation drew a crowd o f more than 100 paying spectators, and participants from as far away as Boston. Maine Indians fought well, and some scored high, in the recent event. The first bout went to an Indian Township boy, Don Newell, with a TKO over Jeff Brouser o f Lewiston. Newell weighs 120, his opponent 119 pounds. of the recent first Indian Island invitational boxing meet were from left, Chris Francis, Miles Francis, Kirk Francis and Danny Mitchell. The boys were sponsored by the Penobscot tribal recreation department Dana-Burf wed in outdoor rites INDIAN TOWNSHIP — Dozens of guests joined in celebrating the traditionalstyle wedding o f Samuel Dana, a Passamaquoddy, and Joann Burt, a Micmac, at Long Lake Campground, June 9. The bride is the daughter o f M. Patricia Burt o f Portland. She is a graduate of Deering High School, Portland, and Whea ton College in Norton, Mass., where she earned a degree in economics. The groom is the son o f Albert and Kirk Francis, 76 pounds, was the victor in the fourth bout, against Tony LeBretton, 67. Both are Indian Islanders. In the fifth round, Brian Davidson, 80 pounds, lost to Dennis Pickman o f Bangor, who held a ten pound edge over his opponent. Danny Mitchell o f Indian Island fought Obituaries Philomene Dana, o f Peter Dana Point. A graduate of Higgins Classical Institute, he plans to study business administration at University o f Maine. The couple is living at the campground, and will move into a new home on the Dana Point road, when completed. Passamaquoddy tribal Gov. Harold Lew ey presented the newlyweds with the gift of an Indian basket. Indian panel revises history book ORONO — A chapter o f Maine’ history s dealing with Indian people has been ex tensively revised by a group o f concerned Indians, meeting here regularly the past few months. The chapter delves into the history and culture o f Indians in Maine, but was con sidered innaccurate and misleading, prior to the revisions by the ad-hoc committee. The chapter will appear in Dingo, a school text book that has been assembled and edited by Dean B. Bennett o f Maine Studies Curricu lum Project, Gardiner. Bennett said the Bout two involved small fry: 60-pound Miles Francis squared off against Chris Francis, but the result was a no-contest decision, between the two Indian Islanders. In the third confrontation, local favorite Sterling Lolar, 164 pounds, knocked out Brian Polchies, 167, o f Boston. Lively announcing was provided by Deraid Soloman o f Indian Island, a Maliseet who has been away from the Island 25 years. Frankie Cleaves o f Pleasant Point, in round six. Mitchell, 112 pounds, beat Cleaves, 122 pounds. Joey Gamache, 98, from Lewiston, boxed Steve Marshall, 105, from West Quincy, Mass., in the seventh bout, but this reporter lost track o f the score. The eighth round found Mike Kyajonan, 132 pounds, a victor over Mike Stevens, 137, o f Brockton, Mass. Mark “dance master” Adams, a 150-pound Bangor boy, clobbered Chris Morley, 141, from Boston, in the ninth bout. Adams was judged best boxer o f the evening. Gary Giles, 152 pounds, from York, beat Stewart Simon, 154, South Boston, in the tenth match at the ring. The “heavies” got their turn in the eleventh and twelth bouts. By far the biggest cheer o f the tournament went to a loser, Dale Newell o f Indian Township, 220 pounds. Dale put up an impressive fight against his 180-pound opponent, Chris Clukey. Finally, Howard Hunter, 208, o f Bangor, outboxed Richard Poulette, 203, Dorches ter, Mass. The Indian Island exhibition was produ c e d - by Jerry Thompson, a promoter from Boston. book, funded by the state Department o f Education and Cultural Services, will prob ably be published this fall. MARY MAE LARRABEE INDIAN TOWNSHIP — Mary Mae Larrabee, 44, died unexpectedly June 15, 1979, at Peter Dana Point. She was born May 30, 1935, at Peter Dana, daughter of Lola and Rose Ann (Sopiel) Sockabasin. She was a librarian and an teacher at the school at Peter Dana Point. She is survived by her husband, Wayne of Peter Dana; one step son. Wayne Jr. o f Kittery; one daughter. Lucinda Hood of Peter Dana; one step daughter, Susanne of Kittery; four brothers. David, Clayton, Rapheal and Patrick, all of Peter Dana; three sisters, Florence Patoine o f Brookton; Diane Campbell and Annabelle Stevens, both of Peter Dana; two granddaughters, Tammy Mae .and Angela Mary of Peter Dana. A Mass o f Christian burial was celebrated at St. Ann’ Church, Peter Dana, with the s Rev. Joseph Laughlin officiating; burial in the tribal cemetery. ROBERT A. TOMAH The book will not only attempt to portray t HOULTON — Robert A. Tomah, 38, Indians fairly, but also deal with Francodied July 14,1979, at a Caribou hospital. He Americans in Maine, and other aspects of was born in Kingsclear, N.B., March 6, state history. 1941, son o f Leo and Mary Ellen (Paul) Serving on the volunteer committee were Tomah. He was a member o f St. Mary’ s Andrea Nicholas o f Tobique reserve, in Church. He is survived by his father of Canada; Brenda Polchies o f Houlton; and Houlton; two sons, Eric o f Big Cove, N.B.; Carol Dana, Vivian Massey, Debra Mitchell, Christopher o f Houlton; three daughters, and Ann Pardilla, all o f Indian Island. Robin and Mary Ann o f Big Cove, N.B., Alice o f Houlton; two brothers, Aubrey and James o f Houlton; two sisters, Mrs. Eleanor Perley of Houlton, Mrs. Deborah Haley of Presque Isle. Mass was celebrated at St. Mary’s Church, with the Rev. John E. Bellefontaine officiating. Interment will be in St. Mary’ Cemetery, Houlton. s CM IA holds annual meeting ORONO — Central Maine Indian Asso ciation’ annual meeting is set at 7 p.m., s Thursday, July 12, according to CMIA director, Tom Vicaire. Four positions will be filled in annual elections, including the organization's vice presidency, Vicaire said. “Everyone is encouraged to attend,” he said. The meeting will be held at Indian Resource Center, 95 Main St., Orono. Kingsclear celebrates KINGSCLEAR, New Brunswick — The Maliseet reserve at Kingsclear will be holding its annual Feast Day in honor of Saint Anne on July 28. The celebration will extend to the next day and wall include races, fireworks, and other outdoor activities as well as Indian dancing, picnics, and religious ceremonies. Everyone is invited. �Wabanaki Alliance July 1979 Page 7 200,000 oysters for aquaculture PLEASANT POINT — A total of 200.000 seed oysters were flown to Maine from California recently, to be used in the Passamaquoddy tribal acquaculture busi ness. Started last year, the business may be able to market some 2.000 oysters this summer to restaurants and other retailers. Project director Norman Laberge said it takes three to four years for the seed oysters to reach saleable maturity. Last year the tribe ordered 40.000 seed oysters. Working in acquaculture this summer are Passam aquoddies. Lenny Sapiel. Ann Moore and Martin Francis. Jr. Training funds available Micmac lad finds Boston has friendly Indian center BOSTON — Francis Clair walked into the Boston Indian Council building with a grin. “ Francis! How are you doing,” was the response. Francis, an 18-year-old Micmac from Big Cove reserve in New Brunswick, isn’ sur t prised when people know and greet him in Boston. He recently hitch-hiked to Boston Indian Council, from Canada, because he felt like it. “I decided to come down here to see what s happening.” Francis said. Francis has a sunny outlook on life that hides a difficult upbringing involving fights with his father, and a foster home in rredericton. N.B. He has completed ninth grade, and is now pursuing more education through special programs for dropouts. Raised by grandparents. Francis left the reserve at age 1 . He traveled to Maine to 5 pick potatoes, and has been raking blue berries since age eight. His Fredericton foster parents' house is the place he calls home. At one time, he said. “ I went to my father’ place (to live), but we started s drinking, fighting.” Francis is unsure o f his future. He might attend a trade school. He doesn’ think he t will ever forget Micmac and the “ mother language.” He said, "there is something to learn in cities,” and, “ I met all kinds o f Big Covers around here.” PRESQUE ISLE — Training funds are available to eligible employers who are selected to participate in the on-the-job training program (OJT), of Aroostook County Action Program (ACAP). The OJT program, which is funded under the Comprehensive Employment ana Train ing Act (CETA). matches CETA eligible job ready individuals with jobs and reimburses the employer for 50 per cent o f the entry level wage paid during the employee’ s training period. This financial incentive provides an opportunity to employers to increase the number of their staff or to replace an employee who has left the job. Eligible OJT training sites will include businesses of any size which provide year round full-time employment. The length of training will vary according to the job description and skills required. ACAP Em ployment and Training will provide em ployability assessment to match the charac teristics and skills of the trainee with the employer's needs. OJT participants work the employers full time work week and are paid the em ployer’ usual entry wage rate s for the occupation. ACAP Employment and Training will reimburse the employer, on a monthly basis, for 50 per cent of entry level wages for up to 26 weeks. Any employer in Aroostook who would like more information on the OJT program is invited to call ACAP OJT coordinator, Terry Condon at 764-3721. Condon will be available to visit a place of business to explain the OJT program. Eskimo takes Church job The Rev. Raymond Baine, 53, has become district superintendent o f the United Meth odist Church in Santa Ana, Calif. This is the first such appointment outside the Oklahoma Indian Missionary Confer ence. O f native Alaskan descent, Baine will lead 50 congregations and 27,432 persons. TUREEN'S AIDE — Connie McCloud, a native of Aruba in the Carribean, is em ployed as an aide to Native American Rights Fund lawyer Thomas N. Tureen, who is in charge of Maine Indian land claims. McCloud works at Tureen’s Portland offices. A newcomer to Maine, she says she is very fond of the state, but has been too busy to do much sightseeing. m d io n s w in re p re s e n ta tio n The U.S. Justice Department has ob tained a consent decree requiring Thurston County, Neb., to create seven districts of equal population to help restore Indian membership on the board of supervisors. In 1971 the county changed the method of electing supervisors from seven single-mem ber districts to at-large balloting. A suit challenging that action was filed last year. Indians make up 28 percent of Thurston County’ population but compose 77 and 81 s percent o f the population in two of the old seven districts. Indian children a conference topic FLAGSTAFF. Ariz. — - The Arizona CEC Federation will host a topical conference on the Exceptional Indian Child and Indian Education. The conference will be held in Flagstaff. Oct. 12-13. 1979. Federation President Elaine Peterson issues an invitation to all individuals concerned with the education of American Indian children and vouth. Interested individuals may contact the chairperson. Robert Horn. Round Rock Trading Post. Chinle. Ariz. 86503. Ways sought to Improve Indian housing WASHINGTON — A plan to test wavs of improving the design, quality and pro duction of housing for American Indians is being reworked to ensure it reflects the views of Indians themselves, according to Depart ment of Housing and Urban Development Secretary Patricia Harris. Indian opinion will be solicited to improve the proposal or to devise an alternate method. Effectiveness of the effort will denend largely upon the active cooperation of the Indian community. Harris said. "W e expect to use this additional time to solicit specific comments and suggestions. The initiative lies with the Indian people themselves." In the meantime. HUD says it is prepared to approve construction management pro posals initiated by individual Indian housing authorities. * BIA opens northwestern agency WASHINGTON — A Bureau of Indian Affairs agency has been established at Hoquiam, Washington, to serve nine Indian tribes located on the Olympic Peninsula, assistant secretary for Indian Affairs, Forrest J. Gerard announced. Gerard said the new agency wall more effectively meet the increasing tribal re quests for services to Olympic Peninsula reservations and will improve Bureau performance in meeting responsibilities under the provisions of the Indian Self-De termination and Education Assistance Act. In the past the Western Washington Agency, located in Everett, Washington, has served 21 tribes in its geographic juris diction. Under the change announced today the Western Washington Agency will be renamed the Puget Sound Agency and will continue to serve 12 tribes in the Puget Sound Area. The agency in Hoquiam will be called the Olympic Peninsula Agency. WITH DISPATCH — Frances Cleaves, a dispatcher at Pleasant Point’ new municipal s building, is one of several persons who provide full-time dispatching for the Passamaquoddy police and fire departments. �Page 8 Wabanaki Alliance July 1979 Health services take shape on Maine reservations By Bill O’ Neal Five years ago the Maine reservations counted themselves lucky to have even one tribal nurse to care for their health needs. Today, with federal recognition and the influx o f dollars and counsel from Indian Health Service (IHS), health care on the reservations will soon rival or surpass most Maine towns. Indian Island already has a fully func tioning health center, complete with exam ining rooms, a dental office, laboratory, counseling rooms and office space. Pleasant Point is scheduled to begin building a similar facility this month and will have it completed in Nov., according to tribal lieu tenant governor Giv Dore. It is estimated that Indian Township’ center will be com s pleted sometime next year. Services will range from examinations at reservation health centers by physicians’ assistants to mental health and counseling by trained staff. A key feature o f the new health programs will be a referral system through which patients coming into the clinic will be referred to area doctors or other health-related people, holding con tracts to provide services with the tribe. Each center wiH have physicians, dentists and registered nurses on full or part-time bases. According to Eunice Baumanndirector of the Penobscot health center on Indian Island, patients entering the center are ex amined by a physician’ assistant. They are s then referred, according to their ailments, to one of more than 40 area doctors, con tracted to work with the tribe. Any expenses not covered by conventional medical insur ance are picked up by IHS. Eunice Baumann, director of Indian Island health center. Planned, or already operational, are pharmacies and basic laboratory facilities to do blood and urine analyses and to carry out specific diagnostic screening as for diabetes, otitis media (a respiratory ailment), and other diseases found to exist in the Indian community. Wayne Newell, director of health and social services at Indian Town ship, predicted that the Passamaquoddies would emphasize screening and crisis-inter vention “for a couple o f years, because the problems have been ignored for so long.” According to Baumann, studies in Maine have shown that “medical problems of Indians in Maine are not variant from other lower socio-economic groups.” Routine services offered at the centers will be supplemented by visits from area specialists who will hold clinics in their fields. Health education will also receive em phasis for the first time on the reservation, according to Pleasant Point health and social services director, Doris Kirby. Coun seling ranging from nutrition to applying for social security benefits will be offered at the centers. In addition, Indian Island is dis tributing a regular health newsletter. Each reservation will have community health representatives (CHR) to act as liaison between the health centers and tribal members. They will be charged with going into the homes and monitoring the health needs in the community. According to Newell, at Indian Township the CHR’ will s be required to speak Passamaquoddy. Wayne A. Newell, director of Indian Town ship health services. partment o f Indian Affairs next fiscal year, Our tribal nurse goes to conferences on the tribes have been left $200,000 short in native healing. It’ not that well-defined a s their budgets. At a recent meeting o f health field yet. Nobody’ going to prescribe s officials at Indian Island, Dr. Emery anything without m ore information, but it Johnson, director o f IHS, stated that is something we plan to get into.” previous court cases have shown that the As Wayne Newell put it, “The good Lord presence o f federal dollars may not be used doesn’ charge you for prescriptions (with t as a reason for withdrawing state funds, native medicine); He just tells you where to find it.” Newell said it was too early to comment on what action will be taken concerning the state’ withdrawal, but said, “My personal s belief is to fight for those resources. At the time the IHS contracts were planned, it was with the assurance that the state would continue services.” He termed the state’ s INDIAN ISLAND — Teresa Sappier, a action “a breach o f promise, not just to lab technician at Penobscot Health and Indians, but to the federal government.” Social Services Department, plans to enroll A primary concern on the reservations is at Gallup Indian Medical Center, in Gallup, increasing the number o f Indian personnel New Mexico, starting next month. working in the health centers. According to The two-year program leads to a degree as Newell this problem is being attacked by a physician’ assistant, and is funded s encouraging reservation youths, going into through the U.S. Indian Health Service. higher education, to consider health fields Sappier, a Penobscot, graduated from and by “getting (reservation) people in now, University of Maine at Orono with a degree with an eye to later training.” in microbiology. She has worked at the Community response to the newly in university’ Cutler medical center, and at s augurated programs has been slower than Seaton Hospital, Waterville. expected. At Indian Island, where most of Sappier said she may return to Maine to the services are established, Baumann at work after graduation. She is currently a tributed the sluggishness to a lack o f under member o f the Wabanaki Alliance board of standing and confidence in the physician’ directors. s assistants or nurse practitioners. “I feel people are put off by the term nurse prac titioner,” she said. “It’ not the same thing s Health m eetin g as a practical nurse,” she emphasized. “They get two years specialized training.” slated in Spokane She also pointed out that the staff has a physician backup with whom to confer. “They are well enough trained to recognize SPOKANE, Wash. — This city is the their own limitations,” she said. scheduled site o f a third annual Indian/ Despite the m odem facilities and syste Alaska native health conference, July 22-26. matic approach to medicine adopted by the Among featured speakers will be Emery tribal planners, some money has been set Johnson, director of the federal Indian aside to study Indian medicine. According Health Service (IHS), Howard E. Tommie o f National Indian Health Board (NIHB), and to Baumann, “There has been an en couragement on the part of IH S all over John Echohawk, director of Native Ameri the country to get back to native healing. can Rights Fund (NARF). Terry Sappier to enter IHS school The one major health problem not currently included in tribal health planning is alcoholism. At present, Wabanaki Corp., a central organization serving all Maine Indians, is the primary Indian agency addressing the problem. Some tribal health officials, however, expressed dissatisfaction with the effectiveness o f the agency, which has been plagued with personnel and political problems, and suggested that at some point alcoholism programs would be managed at the reservation level. Indian Health Service has been reluctant to fund an alcoholism program on the reservation as long as Wabanaki Corporation is operating. The possibility exists that IHS will fund the agency after a five year trial period, however. Wabanaki Corp. is currently funded by National Institute o f Alcoholism and Alcohol Abuse (NIAAA). Exactly who will be served by the reservation health centers has not been decided. Baumann said efforts are under way to expand the Penobscot service area, which currently includes only Indian Island, Penobscot County, and half of Aroostook County. She said IHS has been asked to increase the area to any distance “within easy driving" of the reservation, which, she said, would permit most Penobscots in the state to use the facilities. Newell indicated that Indian Township will be responsible for Indian Township and Aroostook County. He intends to send a team to Fort Fairfield to establish an out reach program. “Distance is a great problem,” he said. Some sort o f arrange ment may be worked out with the Associa tion o f Aroostook Indians (AAI) located in Houlton, he added. Outreach workers will be used by the other reservations to a lesser degree. People eligible for Passamaquoddy health center services include all Passamaquoddies in the service area and some, but not all, non-Passamaquoddy dependents. Newell said an exchange o f services with the Pen obscots is being discussed, but has not been resolved. Although the prognosis is good for Maine Indian health programs, several concerns still remain. With the state o f Maine Doris Kirby, health and social services director at Pleasant Point Passamaquoddy reserva tion, shares a smile with young friend, Carol Ann Taylor, seven. planning to discontinue funds to the De �Wabanaki Alliance July 1979 Page 9 Health leader vows to fight for state services INDIAN ISLAND — Maine Gov. Joseph E. Brennan seems to have un knowingly antagonized a federal agency in his zero-budget proposal for the De partment o f Indian Affairs, and as a result his plans may backfire. The head of Indian Health Service (IHS) said in a visit last month to Indian Island that Maine has a “responsibility” to continue funding health related programs for Maine-based Indians. Dr. Emery Johnson, IHS director, told Wabanaki Alliance his agency is willing to assist federally recognized Penobscot and Passamaqouddy Indians in attempts to have the second year budget for Indian Affairs reinstated. Johnson, U.S. Bureau o f Indian Affairs official Harry Rainbolt, and tribal leaders met in Bangor recently to plan strategy. The state budget cut could mean the loss o f $200,000 in contract services, one official declared. Brennan has budgeted $721,584 for the first year o f the biennium, the same funding level as last year. He has hinted he may restore certain funds in the second year, according to one tribal representative. James Meredith, an IHS official, said the meeting in Bangor was “to provide the tribes with what impact a reduction o f services will have on the total program.” Asked about legal action on behalf of the tribes, Meredith com mented, “This has been done in other states and usually the tribes have won. The American Indians as citizens are entitled to their fair share." Johnson said his agency has con fronted state governments over similar budget cutbacks in the past: “We haven’ lost any o f them yet. I don’ see t t any reason why this should be the first.” Dr. Emery Johnson, head of Indian Health Service, meets with lab technician Teresa Sappier, during tour of Indian Island health building. Physician's helper joins health center A group of officials meet on luncheon line; Penobscot tribal Gov. Wally Pehrson greets Jim Meredith of IHS; also present, from left, Paul Buckwalter of Indian Island health services, IHS Director Emery Johnson, [foreground]; tribal planners Timothy Love and Andrew A k in s. IHS impressed (Continued from page 1 ) concept o f IHS contract projects, where local officials design, develop and manage health and social services. “We were told by many people that we were just wasting our money letting Indian communities design their own health delivery systems.” Accompanying Johnson on his visit were Sonja (Soctomah) Dorn, a native of Pleasant Point, has been hired by the tribal health department headed by Passama quoddy, Wayne Newell. Dom, 34, graduated May 27 from St. Joseph’ School o f Diploma s Nursing in Bangor. A graduate of Shead Memorial High School in Eastport, she underwent LPN training in Fond-du-lac, Wisconsin. Her husband, Allen Dorn Sr., a Wiscon sin native, graduated May 19, from Wash ington County Vocational Technical In stitute, with a degree in diesel mechanics. The Dorns have three children, Tina, 14; Allen Jr., 10, and Andrea, eight. Sockabasin-Dana case IHS officials James Meredith, who heads a department dealing with southern and (Continued from page 1 ) eastern tribes; project officer William Millar; and Keith Enders, an environmental the meaning, and scope, o f all dependent reservations were not addressed in the court engineer with Meredith’ department. Dr. s Indian communities, as a criterion o f the opinion. George Lythcott, a federal health official existence o f Indian country, which leads us “The ultimate issue has not been decided, originally scheduled to visit Indian Island to conclude that the term embodies an ex but the state has a pretty steep hill to climb with Johnson, was unable to attend. pansive federal concern with matters af . . . I think the odds are overwhelmingly in fecting Indians which was not fully recog favor o f the Indians,” said a source who nized by the Superior Court when it failed to asked to remain anonymous. “It’ a pretty s arrest the judgments o f conviction now big decision as far as the northeast is con before us. We therefore sustain the appeals cerned. It pretty much reinforces Passama from those judgments and remand to the quoddy versus Morton,” the source said, Superior Court for further inquiry, in ac referring to a landmark decision in the Pencordance with guidelines hereinafter pro obscot-Passamaquoddy land claims case. vided, into the question whether the status That decision established that the 1790 o f the Passamaquoddy Tribe and its lands Nonintercourse act, making Congress re brings this arson case within the jurisdiction sponsible for approving treaties with In of the federal government to the exclusion of dians, applied to Passamaquoddies. the jurisdiction o f the State o f Maine. ” Sockabasin told Wabanaki Alliance that, The supreme court has mandated that the “It has been a long haul for me.” He said it Sockabasin-Dana case be remanded to was difficult to put into words his feelings Washington County superior court, for a after three years o f fighting through the hearing with Judge David Roberts, who courts. He said he had turned overnight originally presided over .the case in a jury from a loser into a winner. “I sacrificed a lot. I sacrificed my family, trial. Informed sources said they were certain federal jurisdiction on Maine Indian my kids, to prove a point. I feel an Indian person shouldn’ have to do this,” Socka t reservations will be upheld. basin said. No one was certain what would happen to “ Some o f us will go to any extent to prove the defendents, but it appears unlikely they what’ right. Personally, I gave up my s will face a jail sentence, if given a new trial freedom to prove that the Indian people are in U.S. district court, Bangor. Procedures right. And basically, we control our own Sonja S. Dorn for dealing with federal jurisdiction cases on destiny,” he said. Indian nurse accepts tribal job INDIAN TOWNSHIP - The health and social services department here has its first registered nurse, and she is a Passama quoddy Indian. INDIAN TOWNSHIP — The new physi Campbell is living in Calais. He enjoys cian’ assistant at the tribal health center bow hunting. s here says he is, “excited about getting things off the ground.” Barry Campbell, 30, has been hired by Passamaquoddy Health and Social Services Department. Busy ordering new equipment and orienting himself to his work and fellow staff, Campbell said, “It's a new thing for me, setting up a clinic. “Basically, my job is primary care, which basically involves family, health, medical history, physical exams,” he said. Campbell will assist Dr. Ronald Heatherington, who has a contract with the tribe to visit the’ health center thrice weekly. Campbell, although non-Indian, was born on a Klamath Indian reservation in Oregon. He spent one year as a laboratory technician in Ketchikan, Alaska. He graduated from Alderson-Broaddus College, West Virginia, and Portland (Oregon) Community College. He studied at West Virginia University Barry Campbell Medical Center. �Page 10 Wabanaki Alliance July 1979 Youth show little interest in native medicine INDIAN TOWNSHIP — Seventy-yearold Fred Tomah says he wouldn’ mind t showing young Passamaquoddy people the art of Indian medicine; “but I don’ see t much interest,” he adds. „ Did you know flagroot cures coughs, colds, the flu and blood poisoning? Rockbreak, a moss, is good for kidney trouble. Life of man is good for “almost everything, if you know what it is, and where to find it. Lady’ slippers can stop convulsions; and as s many people know, plantains cure cuts and inflammation. Fred said he took lady’ slipper one time, s and hospital officials were bewildered when they could not draw blood. "They say Indians used to-take it before going out to do battle," he said. Fred smokes cigarettes. He's tried to quit. He’s a former river driver on the St. Croix. Did you know that balsam fir pitch speeds healing of wounds? A pine pitch “plaster, well cooked, can mend a broken bone when applied for a period of time. ’T’ had a ve broken rib I don't know how many times, and a sore back." The pine pitch works. Fred says. Fred the medicine man boasted that Sonja Dorn, Passamaquoddy nurse, asked him about a sore throat. Use the roots of golden thread, he advised. Milkweed is good for warts. Everyone knows about arthritis, but what to do? "Boil cedar boughs a minute or two, then you let it steep. You strain it. and tirink it three or four times a day." You've got nothing to lose but your arthritis. Fred says, adding, “I’ ve been taking it right along.” Fred says he is excited about an invitation to display his knowledge at a Bar Harbor fair this month (see story elsewhere in this paper). Fred has four sons and four daught ers by his first wife; four daughters and a son by his second wife. He has 40 grand children. His grandfather. Tomah Joseph Tomah. worked for Franklin Delano Roose velt at the president's Campabello Island home. That’ where young Fred had his first s ice cream. Indian Cookery MOLASSES GLAZED BEANS (Makes 8 servings) 2 cups dry great northern or pea (navy) beans 5 cups water IVi teaspoons salt l i small onion, chopped / V cup brown sugar, packed * 1teaspoon dry mustard Vi cup molasses 2 tablespoons margarine or meat fat drippings Wash and drain beans. Put beans and water in large pan and heat to boiling. Boil 2 minutes. Remove from heat. Cover and let stand 1hour. Add salt. Cover and boil gently about IVi hours until beans are tender. Add rest of ingredients and more water if needed for cooking. Stir gently to mix. Cover and boil gently about 1 hour to blend flavors. Uncover toward end of cooking, if needed, to thicken liquid. SUNFLOWER SEED CAKES 3 cups shelled sunflower seeds 6 tablespoons corn meal 2 teaspoons maple syrup 3 cups water Vi cup oil Simmer seeds in water in heavy saucepan, covered, for 1 hour. Grind. Mix syrup and corn meal into ground seeds. 1 tablespoon at a time, making a soft dough. Shape dough into firm flat cakes 3" in diameter. Brown cakes in hot oil in heavy skillet on both sides. Drain on brown paper and serve hot. Fred Tomah P en obscot w o m a n to attend scout m e et INDIAN ISLAND — Vicki Almenas, head of Penobscot Girl Scout chapter here, plans to attend an American Indian' youth seminar on scouting, at Pine Ridge, South Dakota. The conference at the Ogala Sioux reser vation is scheduled July 30 to Aug. 2, and will include workshops, a sun dance, inter tribal powwow, arts and crafts fair, plus leadership training. Chairman of the event is Mark Ben, a Choctaw; vice chairman is Tino Hernandez, Pima. COME ON IN, THE WATER’ GREAT — Maria Sockabasin, three, who gives her name S as Pumpkin, js just waiting for a friend to come splash with her, at Peter Dana Point, Indian Township. HAM [Cured Pork] HASH Makes 4 servings 3 tablespoons fat or oil 4 medium potatoes, finely chopped 2 medium carrots, finely chopped or shredded Vi small onion, finely chopped About IVt cups finely chopped, cooked cured pork salt, as desired. Heat fat in large fry pan. Add potatoes, and cook over low to medium heat until browned on bottom. Turn potatoes. Cover with carrots and onion, then with pork. Cook about 8 minutes longer until potatoes are browned on bottom and are tender. Sprinkle with salt, if needed. GOING, GOING . . - This home will be moved and saved, but others like it have been demolished at Peter Dana Point, to make way for new housing on the Indian Township Passamaquoddy reservation. The tribe received a $400,000 federal grant to raise 21 houses cited as substandard. Those homes were built a number of years ago by the state, using funds reserved for the tribe. �Wabaaaki Alliance July 1979 Page 1 1 New firetruck delivered at Township INDIAN TOWNSHIP — A first fire engine for the Passamaquoddy tribe here, was delivered recently by members o f the National Guard. The 1957 Ward LaFrance pumper was a bargain at $7,000, with only 22,000 miles on the engine, according to George W. Mitchell, tribal public safety director. The pumper comes from Middleton, Mass., where it belonged to that town’ fire depart s ment. : Mitchell said the pumper weighs ten tons empty, and that its 600 gallon booster tank was installed in 1977. The engine can pump 750 gallons per minute, and is equipped with a 1200 watt transformer for night light ing, and so forth. The truck will be stored in the municipal building. Indian Township residents interested in joining a volunteer fire crew should contact Mitchell at his office in the municipal building, Peter Dana Point. Selection of a fire chief is pending, Mitchell said. Rights of ex-offenders explained PORTLAND — Can an ex-offender vote? Change his or her name? Hold public office? Can an ex-offender be licensed as a barber, accountant, registered nurse? How can an ex-offender get help in seeking em ployment? No members o f society are more deprived o f their ordinary legal rights than ex-of fenders, people convicted o f crimes who have served their sentences and are no longer under the jurisdiction o f the state. In some states ex-felons cannot vote. In many states, ex-offenders are barred from em ployment in a diverse number o f jobs, from engineer to manicurist to real estate broker. At least one state has a law that prohibits a “habitual criminal” from marrying. “The Rights o f Ex-Offenders,” one of a series of handbooks published by American Civil Liberties Union, examines the rights of such people in the crucial areas o f public and private employment, marriage, divorce and personal finance, insurance, armed services enlistment, and such government benefit programs as welfare and medicare. Author David Rudenstine, who for five years directed an ACLU sentencing and parole project, also includes listings o f state and national organizations which give job and legal assistance to ex-offenders. In addition, he provides tables which list licensing restrictions for occupations in all fifty states. State-by-state breakdowns of procedures for regaining the right to vote are included. The handbook, written in an easily under stood question-and-answer format, is avail able from the Maine Civil Liberties Union, 97A Exchange Street, Portland, Me. 04101. SPECIAL DELIVERY — Passamaquoddy public safety director, George Warren Mitchell, right, accepts delivery of tribal firetruck from Lt. Col. Frank J. Amoroso of Portland, commander of 133rd Engineer batallion, Maine National Guard. [Photo by Richard Tompkins] Tribal censorship seen problem of press Rudy Bantista, editor o f the Kiowa Indian News, was elected President of the Southern Plains Indian Media Association, a recently formed organization o f 18 Indian news papers and media offices in Oklahoma and Kansas. Bantista said that the association would work to, “improve communications among Indian people and between Indians and the non-Indian public. “We want to improve our standards, ex change news and provide technical assist ance to those who need it.” He said. “ Probably the toughest goal to meet will be freedom of the Indian press and media. It seems that regardless of what tribe we represent, there is some form of censorship exercised by the tribal government.” Other officers elected are: vice presidents, Mary Ann Anquoe, editor of the Tulsa Indian News, and Rusty Coffee, production coor dinator for the Kickapoo Tribe; secretary, Susan Arkeketa, media newsletter, Okla homa Indian Affairs Commission; treasurer, Quinton Roman Nose, communications director, Cheyenne-Arapahoe Tribe. FEARSOME W ARRIOR? — Not likely, with a name like Pumpkin. Behind the bonnet and war club is Frances V irginia Newell, 2, from I n d ia n Township. Training session held for elderly PLEASANT POINT MEMORIES are evoked in this 1930’s photo of Grace Dana, at about age 12. Grace, who continues to make her home at the Passamaquoddy reservation, was photographed by a Calais photographer who made the picture into a postcard. Note buckskin dress and sealskin stretched on rack in background. [Photo courtesy of Richard Emmert of Eastport, son-in-law of Grace Dana.] PLEASANT POINT — A training pro gram for “senior companions” took place here June 4-15, at the Passamaquoddy tribe s housing for elderly project. Three Indian Township Passamaquoddy women were among those volunteering to partici pate in the program, which involves spending time with, and assisting, older residents. The three were, Mary Gabriel, 70; Simon Gabriel, 75; and Irene Newell. A variety o f topics concerning the elderly were discussed at the Pleasant Point session. which was attended by several experts on the problems o f old age. Two brothers graduate SOUTH PORTLAND — Fred Snowman, Jr., of South Portland, graduated recently from the University o f Maine at Orono, with a degree in business administration. His younger brother, John Snowman, completed high school this year. The Snowman brothers are grandsons o f Mary Gabriel, Passamaquoddy, of Indian Township. �Page 12 Wabanaki Alliance July 1979 Of canoes, guides, and home brew INDIAN TOWNSHIP — Jim (Jimdee) Jim's mother, Margaret Socoby, died Mitchell likes best to talk about his grand -several years ago. Jim was born at Peter father. Indian guide Joe Mell. He said ask Dana Point; his father died when he was anyone at Grand Lake Stream about Joe three weeks old and he was placed with his grandparents, a common Indian custom. Mell, and the name would be recognized. Jim was right. His grandfather was known Young Jim attended the Catholic schools at for his fishing lore, and for his custom Peter Dana Point, and Pleasant Point. wooden canoes. “Everybody wanted a Joe Passamaquoddy was not taught in the Mell canoe. They were light and narrow, 14 schools then, as it is today. On the contrary, or 15 feet. He used to make the canoes that “They claimed if you could speak English, won the races on the Fourth o f July,” you can get along better,” Jim said. comments Mitchell, who turned 61, June 9. Peter Dana Point was a different place in Eight years after getting off the bottle those days. The road, for example, was (with a special Alcoholics Anonymous medal unpaved. “We had those Model T Fords, to prove it), Jim Mitchell is fit as a fiddle. He Buicks, Oaklands, you name it. Sometimes has worked as a welder in a shipyard, and the ruts would be so deep the wheels would done a variety o f other jobs. These things just spin . . . Wallace Lewey, John Stevens’ don’ matter to him. But his voice is full of grandfather, had a horse in a stable over t respect and affection when he speaks o f Joe there. They’ go up to pull the car out,” Jim d Mell. recalled. Sammy Tomah also kept a horse, “He was an Indian guide, and he was a that could be pressed into service as a caretaker for Underwood, the typewriter “wrecker” for stranded vehicles. man. He went to New York City with Under wood and I don’ know if it was 5th Avenue, t “Where the school is was all orchard. We or what, but he said, ‘Mr. Underwood, used to steal the apples. Well, not really where do all these people come from, and steal them. O f course, we were welcome to who feeds them?’ ” Underwood bought Mell them,” Jim remembered with a grin. He a felt hat, suit and so forth, for the occasion. liked the pace o f life: “Nowadays people live A small flat stone marks the grave o f Joe too fast. The old people were quiet and Mell, at Peter Dana Point cemetery. He died sensible.” July 23, 1929, at age 77. His wife, Julian, But not dull. “My grandfather always had lived from 1849-1930, and her grave is beside his. Both grandparents were special something going — canoes, paddles, ax handles, snowshoes,” Jim said, adding that tO Jim. “I lived with my grandmother and v grandfather until I was 12.1 didn’ know till Joe Mell swapped items with a generous t they died that they weren’ my mother and non-Indian family across the lake. “We had t Indian dancing. I remember the Fourth of father.” July in town. They had hot dog stands, canoe fights," he said. Jim explained that canoe fights consisted of jousting with poles, fitted with a leather or canvas ball on one end; the object, to capsize your opponent. Without hurting him. other than his pride. "Just about everybody made their own home brew. I remember they had a raid one time, and oh my, there were hogsheads.” Jim recollects “bees beer,” a drink made with barley. “We’ race back to camp, to d see who would get to the jugs first.” Jim grew up in the "Reed place,” a home near the reservation where he was bom, and where his grandparents were employed by a wealthy family. The son o f “colored servants” was his own age, and Jim said, “I remember when they used to make ice cream in the old-fashioned maker. Him and I would fight over the dasher.” Memories swirl and mix, mostly bringing a smile to Jim’ face. “My grandfather used s to play quite a bit; he had a violin.” Later, Jim would join a carnival, then work as a logger with Russians and Polish people, using bucksaws. Unlike other Passamaquoddy tribesmen, Jim still lives in an old house along the strip (Route 1 Divorced in 1957 from Frances ). Sockabasin, the little house is enough for him. A sister, Mary Gabriel, lives nearby. He has another sister, Doris Smiley; and a daughter, Roberta Richter, o f Pleasant Point. Gov. Harold Lewey o f Indian Town ship is his nephew and Godchild. Nutrition Notes By Natalie S. Mitchell, LPN Fiber is an important constituent o f good eating habits. Within our alimentary canal (digestive system), fiber aids in the quick passage for normal elimination. Our intestines consist o f the small intestines and the large intestines, known to many as, “the bowels”. Each has separate functions. Much o f the digestion o f impor tant nutrients takes place within the small intestine. The remaining food mass then passes through to the large intestine. Here the digestive juices and water are reabsor bed so that the contents take on a solid form for elimination. Fiber is a part o f a plant that is unaffected by digestive secretions in the small intestine and passes to the large intestine undigested. Fiber acts as a sponge within our intestines. Fiber has the ability to decrease the amount o f water, cholesterol and bile salts (import ant for the digestion o f fats) that is absorbed from the intestine. Because o f the bulkproducing affect o f fiber in the diet, a person’ appetite is satisfied sooner than s eating low-fiber foods that have the same caloric value. Also, eating fibrous foods takes longer to chew, which tends to decrease food intake. Low-fiber foods, in contrast to the high-fiber foods, exert extra effort on the intestinal wall. Much o f the water is removed from the food mass within. The colon must work harder to move the feces along and constipation becomes an immediate problem. If this condition con tinues, serious consequences may arise. Such diseases that may be attributed to low-fiber intake are diverticulitis, hemorr hoids, varicose veins due to abdominal straining. Other diseases that are now under study, due to low-fiber intake, are diabetes, cancer o f the bowel, and coronary heart disease. Sources o f fiber are fruits and vegetables, however the best sources come from the bread and cereal groups. Daily additions to the diet include two heaping tablespoons of miller’ bran in cereals or soups, choice of s fiber-rich breakfast cereals, increased con sumption o f potatoes, and a reduction of sugar and white flour. Other sources are All-bran, whole wheat bread, and whole grains such as brown rice. Individuals following this diet at first may pass more flatulence (gas) and feel some discomfort, but these symptoms will pass. In a few weeks the amount o f fiber can be increased and continued as a normal dietary habit. R.l. Indian meeting set PROVIDENCE, R. I. — A meeting will be held, prior to the National Urban Indian Council Convention in Denver, July 23, 1979 at 12 noon in the Conference Room o f the J.F. Kennedy Federal Building, office o f the Federal Regional Council/Indian Task Force. Jim Mitchell Bi-lingual head resigns job INDIAN TOWNSHIP — Robert Leavitt wiil be leaving his job as director of Wabnaki Bi-lingual Education, effective July 27, to take an educational post elsewhere. Leavitt is a veteran o f seven years as an educator at Passamaquoddy schools, both at Indian Township and Pleasant Point. For the past couple o f years he has directed the Passamaquoddy language instruction pro gram, founded eight years ago by Wayne Newell, a Passamaquoddy. The expiration o f an operating grant for the program is the main reason for his resignation, Leavitt said. (The end o f the funding period will not jeopardize the program, but may eliminate Leavitt’ s position. Leavitt has accepted a job as director o f Tri-County Regional Special Education Services, and will be based in Dover-Foxcroft. His job will encompass seven school districts. Leavitt and Newell both hold master’ degrees in education from Harvard s University. Leavitt and his family will relocate from Perry, to a home they have purchased in Dover-Foxcroft. Penobscot News By M. T. Byers Congratulations to S.C. Francis and his wife, Alice, and also to Donald Nelson and Jocelyn Nelson, for two fine babies bom one month apart. A son was born to Alice and S.C., April 16, and a little girl was bom to Donald and Jocelyn. The Recreation Department held prize fights on the Island. We can be very proud of all who participated — Sterling Lolar, Daniel Mitchell, Kirk and Miles Francis won trophies — it was very exciting and there was a good turnout. All deserve hon orable mention for entering the ring. Rainy day pursuits In the past, the little girls made paper dolls from catalogs and the Indian girls of other tribes used to make them with a cardboard back and paste. The dolls were attached to the cardboard with flour and water. It was said in those days that the girl with the most paper dolls was the most popular little girl on the Island. Mrs. Irene McDougall recently returned from a University o f Maine trip to England. The Senior Citizens club held a food sale, and it was a great success. Thanks are owed to Mrs. Celina Newell for her help. The club is planning another sale in August. Prof. William B. Newell is a patient at St. Joseph’ s Hospital, Bangor, and would appreciate cards or a visit. Penobscot Indian, Barbara J. Francis, has been accepted by the Institute o f American Indian Arts in Santa Fe, New Mexico. She will begin her studies there in August. She will be working toward a degree as a museum curator. She hopes to work in an Indian museum somewhere. The planned Penobscot museum at Indian Island? Alcoholism group to meet MILWAUKEE — A second annual North American Indian Alcoholics An onymous conference is planned in this city, Aug. 24-26, at Plankington House. A flyer FUN AND FROLIC are part of Central Maine Indian Association’s Orono-based summer said rates and other information are avail recreation program. Playing tether ball are from left, Renee Knapp, Rebecca Sockbeson, able by writing United Conference, 1554 and Tracy Farrenkopf. Steve Googoo, a Micmac, is in charge of the program, assisted by West Bruce Street, Milwaukee, Wise. 53204. Lisa and David Pardilla, and Sue LeClair. Games, swimming and arts and crafts are “Bring dancing outfits,” the flyer advises. offered. �Wabanaki Alliance July 1979 Poetry Open Your Eyes Oh beautiful blue sky with your pillow's of soft white clouds, what do you see below and beyond you, I pray thee, tell me. If I could talk, I would tell you, but ask the majestic eagle that flies in my skies. He can tell you. Majestic Eagle, I beg o f thee, tell me what you see below and beyond you. My Friend! I can see the wind going through my plumage that the Great Spirit gave to me. I can sense the peace below, as I travel my silent, gliding flight. Oh! tell me more, my magnificent friend, tell me more, I beg o f thee. LIGHTS, ACTION, CAMERA — David A. Francis and Adelaide Newell pose for Brother Larry Smith’ videotape camera. Brother Smith [standing] is taping conversations with s Passamaquoddy elders about what life was like when they were children. Brother Smith videotapes lore PLEASANT POINT — A project here is designed to record the thoughts and faces of older Indian persons who are a link with the Passamaquoddy past. The attempt to preserve history and culture on videotape casettes is being made by Brother Larry Smith, a Jesuit with St. Ann’s Mission at the reservation. Recently, Brother Larry met with Passamaquoddies David A. Francis and Adelaide Newell. Newell, 60, was to be interviewed by Francis, 63, but what occurred in the morning videotape session was an informal chat. Newell remembers well the “hard times" when she was a girl, growing up on the reservation. She recalls eating gulls, and gulls’eggs. “The kids now, like Martina (her daughter), she won’ eat a muskrat or a t rabbit or any kind o f wildlife.” Francis remembered: “We were all poor, but nobody starved or went hungry, because we all shared.” Many people made their living weaving baskets, selling them to tourists who arrived by steamer from Boston, docking at Eastport. Others lived on welfare, “just like today,” Francis said. The state Indian agent, Justin Cove, had “ a big store, with everything.” “We were happy though,” Newell chimed in. Both David and Adelaide recall Sister Beatrice Rafferty, after whom the present modern elementary school is named. Sister Beatrice was only four feet tall, but she was not to be disobeyed. “I’ box your ears,” she ll would tell school children. They knew she meant it. “There was no vandalism. There was so much discipline. If you did something wrong at school you’ be punished at home,” d Francis said. Religion was taken seriously by everyone, Brother Larry was told. “Everyone had more faith in those days ... Corpus Cristi was like the Fourth o f July. The men would cut trees ten feet tall and stick them in the ground all around the reservation. They were white birch,” Francis said. “When the priest elevated the chalice, they’ set off a stick of dynamite,” he d recalled. Newell and Francis also discussed legends and “little people,” an aspect o f old Passa maquoddy religion dating from before the “blackrobes” arrived. Many Passama quoddy people apparently still believe in the existence o f mystical little people. They point to a rock with inscriptions, and a rock with animal footprints, and evidence that a chain was dragged across it. If you hear the swamp woman, there may be an impending death in your family. Brother Larry plans to interview other Passamaquoddy elders, to build a resource library o f information. He is working in conjunction with Project Indian Pride, headed by Passamaquoddy, Joseph A. Nicholas o f Pleasant Point. Phone call idea makes life less lonely BANGOR — The Junior League of Bangor, in cooperation with the volunteer office o f Eastern Maine Medical Center, is in the process o f organizing Telecare. This telephone reassurance program is a volunteer service which makes daily phone contact, every day o f the year, with persons who live alone to check on their well-being. If the participant does not call the center (or answer the phone) at the appointed time, an emergency plan goes into immediate action. As pre-arranged, a neighbor, next-of-kin, or possibly a policeman makes a house call. If a medical crisis is discovered, the partici pant’ doctor is called and his relatives s notified. “Telecare aims to help satisfy the natural desire of people to live independently by eliminating some o f the dangers that living alone entails. For such people, a telephone call at an arranged hour once a day, every day, may mean the difference between life and death, or between complete recupera tion and permanent disablement,” accord ing to Telecare director Sarah Clark. “ We anticipate initiating Telecare on June 1 1979 and will operate as a pilot , program for four months. During the pilot stage we plan to avail the service to EMMC discharged patients only, chiefly because we need a controlled situation and time-frame in which we can smoothly establish and develop this new service,” she said. Dartmouth powwow held HANOVER, N.H. — New England In dians gathered here recently for a weekend powwow and fair. Several Penobscot and Passamaquoddy Indians from Maine at tended the annual event at Dartmouth College, a prestigious private college that offers a native American program. Symposium on jurisdiction BELLINGHAM, Wash. — A three day symposium on tribal sovereignty and juris diction took place here last month, at Western Washington University. On the roster o f speakers were Vine Deloria, Jr. noted Indian author, and Slade Gorton. When I drift against the royal blue ceiling that the Great Spirit gave to us, I can see the Hand o f The Master Artist — .the greatest artist the world has ever known. I can see the countless numbers of greens, the trees lifting lofty green boughs to the Great Spirit in praise, or the green-carpeted floors of .valleys and canyons stretching across the land, as far as eye can see. How beautiful it sounds! Please go on. Each one o f these green floors is splashed with the colors o f the rainbow; and you know the Great Spirit made the rainbow. Yes, ah yes, I know. All this is broken only by a crystal, clear stream flowing through lush valleys, never ending, but joining hands with a brother stream, and racing on toward the blue-green Pacific Ocean, or the green Atlantic. I have seen the sparkle o f the Great Lakes, and the lofty grandeur o f the Rocky Mountains, and the hazy beauty o f the Appalachian peaks. Oh if only I could be an eagle, then I too could see all this. My Friend. The Great Spirit gave you eyes. Open them! You can see all this and much more. D on’ you understand! I can t give you only the cover to this great book. I could wish that I had your legs in place of my wings. Then I could walk, rather than fly. And this, Friend, would permit me to see 1 finest points o f all, that I have described. the Page 13 The Indian Epoch-Clock Machine In an obsecrated land we ventured, touched by the pulse o f time Unaware the hands were drawing, a circle around my mind Perfect as the wheel it is, digits brand my head you see The nerves o f night that often kill, the man that you call me With shaft and shadows frozen in square, an illusion a maze and bright And thru my soul a current flows, magnifying, electrifying night Now in my soul I feel your pain, a path a thousand men have gone w'ho felt the epitaph upon your face, the scars old time has drawn Too you, void o f empathy, non-Indian, take a long look and see 3ut for the grace o f your so called God, it could be you instead o f me My clock a horse in synchronized pace, a poet in awkward rhyme Carrying the Universe within his chest, going forward, disregarding time Now here I am just a Machine, ticking away and tocking With a lifetime o f truth and lies, and yet, the Epoch clock keeps on walking Back and forth in his steel cacoon, like a Pendulum swinging fro Forever going nowhere it seems, but where on Earth is there to go? Inside this goddam machine... Richard A. Tompkins Indian Township Ben’ Basket s “Where’ you get the pack basket?” d I ask, knowing. I can barely see it, stashed among sporting gear in the back o f the station wagon. Not only that I have one myself, rather you can tell from the woven sheen of the ash, the glow released in working the wood. “Neptune.” The reply flat, nasal Ohio. For as long as I dared, I left mine unvarnished, displaying to every visitor, friend or not, a miracle o f light caught in the weave. If you open your eyes, you could see the By Robert Alan Bums gentle breeze dancing through the verdant Gardiner valleys; scrutinize the birds you take for From Ben Neptune, Fiddlehead Poetry granted, but never really see; observe their Books, No. 252, Fredericton, N.B., 1978. intricate designs and colors: The Great Spirit painted them. Look at the stream I can see. Look well! ,You could see the trout jumping for flies, or the muskrat swimming to get the grasses along the stream’ bank for her young. You s could see these, whereas I can’ from up t here. Open your eyes! Look around, look about, my Human Friend, and you will see the Great Spirit’ s marvelous pictures laid out for you to see. Stop wishing to be something else! Be what 'the Great Spirit intended you to be. Thank You! Thank you, for making me see, my Majestic Eagle friend (as he faded from sight in His endless flight). I Don Daigle Indian Island Life One spring morning I was startled to see the papery shell moving back and forth. I set my laundry basket aside and watched the long struggle o f a butterfly emerging from the cocoon. At last it crawled out. Gradually it folded out its moist wrings, fluttering them for two hours as it rested on the twig. Shortly before noon, the butterfly lifted from the bush and flew away to explore the glories of the spring season. Pauline Mitchell Indian Island Father Cote leaves Island post INDIAN ISLAND — After 18 months at St. Ann’ Parish, the Rev. David P. Cote is s leaving Indian Island, to take a job as program director at a school in Hinkley. A replacement at the Indian Island Catholic Church has not yet been selected, according to officials at the Roman Catholic Diocese in Portland. Father Cote, a graduate o f Boston College School o f Social Work, will be program director at Hinkley Home-School-Farm, a private residential care facility for emo tionally disturbed children. �Page 14 Wabanaki Alliance July 1979 Penobscot sisters recall Fourth, old ways INDIAN ISLAND — They are full of spunk, and talent runs in the family. They are the former Lewey sisters; proud to be Penobscot Indian, still practicing the fine art o f basketrv. Eunice Lewey Attean Crowley, 59, bristles at the idea that members of the tribe don’ t weave baskets anymore. She does, and her son, Gary, gathers the ash from the woods — which then must be pounded by a neighbor and split, using guages and “crooked" knives handmade by Gary Attean. “I definitely don't like these stories about nobody on the Island making baskets anymore,” Eunice said. “ I’ a full-blooded Indian. My father was m a Passamaquoddy. A Lewey. My mother as a Nicola. I was born here on Indian Island and went to school here,” states Eunice. She doesn't mince words. “ A lot of girls got married young to get away,” she recalls. Francine Lewey Murphy sat in the kitchen and sipped lemonade while her sister, Eunice, wove a basket. “ I left here when I was 17. There was nothing here,” she said emphatically. “ Perhaps if I’d stayed here, I’d be up there in the boneyard with the rest of them.” The sisters w-ere discussing the old days in Eunice's kitchen, part of the old tribal council house. The building has been extensively modified and is unrecognizable as anything but a home. Old beams are visible in places. Remembers Eunice: “My husband, Elmer Attean, was an engineer on the railroad — New York, New Haven and Hartford — we purchased this place in 1953. It was all rundown. There was no bathroom. No nothing. So we renovated the house. I left here in '58, and the house was vsndalized. “This was the old council house. It was vandalized by people right here on the reservation. I returned in '66 and I repaired it. I rented it, but they moved out in the middle of winter, and it was vandalized again. “I came back in '72 and we did what we could until we ran out of money,” Eunice said. “ I cannot get any help repairing it because I'm not sole owner. "This was the old fort, right through here. According to the traditionals, this was supposed to be sacred ground. This building is over 125 years old. The old Indians used it for meetings,” she said, adding that the tribal hall stood nearby, but was demolished a few years ago. Eunice said life wasn’ easy on the Island t when she was growing up. “ Most o f my life was spent away because you had to, to work." she said. Eunice recently worked as assistant cook for Indian Island senior citizens, but has lately been doing baskets exclusively. ‘‘ started about five years old, making toy I baskets. We were taught to clean the sweetgrass. Then we graduated from toys to bookmarks. It wasn’ until I was in my teens t I made the big baskets. When we made a basket, if my mother wasn’ satisfied, it had t to be ripped out and done over, until she was satisfied,” Eunice remembered. Later, she learned the art of split ash basketry. “I made baskets ail my life, even when I was away from the reservation. At one time, I had to make baskets for a living and I didn’ like that much. I was up to 12 at t night.” As Eunice wove a large basket, sunlight streaming through the window, she said proudly, “My son went to the woods and he got this ash for me. And he made my guages for me. There are about 15 or 20 people here that still make baskets.” Her cousin, Fred Nicola of Indian Island, pounds the ash with a mechanical device in his bam. Asked about passing her skills along, Eunice commented, “They want to learn and I can’ teach them,” because there is no t way to earn a living teaching basketry. “I could teach anyone to weave, but it’ in the s preparation o f the stuff,” that the difficul ties lie, she said. Eunice, who has several physical ail ments. said her basket making is good therapy for her. Eunice markets most of her baskets out-of-state. Francine said basketry is becoming “a lost art.” In the early days, Island people had less material goods, but they seemed to have ample good times. "You had that home made root beer. O f course, the men had their own kind of beer.” The sense o f community at Indian Island changed after the bridge to the mainland was built about 1950. Eunice said, “They didn’ have TV, and they didn’ have the t t bridge. You made your own fun. Fourth of July used to be really something.” Francine remembers “some beautiful houses here.” She said many o f the older homes have been tom down. Francine said “May walks” were popular, and involved picnic outings. Corpus Christi was a gigantic celebration in which nearly everybody participated. The Lewey sisters recall that both parents, Irene Nicola and John Charles Lewey, spoke Indian fluently. They speak respectfully of their parents. “We were taught to be selfsufficient and proud,” Eunice said. Now both women have come home. Francine Lewey Morphy, left, and Eunice Lewey Crowley, display two of Eunice’ baskets, s beside old council house that is now the Crowley home. Aroostook News By Brenda Polchies HOULTON — A six hour Life Seminar for young people was held Monday, June 25th at St. Anthony’ Hall, St. Mary's s Church. This seminar was sponsored by the Dept, of Indian Affairs and put on by Orv Owens and Associates, Inc. of Alexandria, Virginia. The sem inar’ basic function is to s inform and prepare young people to face life on a realistic basis without resorting to outside synthetic influences to cope. Un married Indian and non-Indian students between the ages of 13 and 21 from Aroostook County and Canada were invited to participate. The Association of Aroostook Indians in the Houlton area is currently conducting a day camp from their new location at the Bowdoin Street School for Indian children between the ages o f 3 to 7. The hours are from 9 a.m. to 3 p.m. Tues., Wed., and Thurs. of each week and will continue until the second week in August. Counselors have been made available, varied day camp activities are being featured, and a snack is provided. The gals o f the ladies’ softball team, the Indians, held another all day carwash Saturday, June 16th at SampsdU’s parking lot. The funds from this carwash are to help pay for the gals’ uniforms. Temporary telephone listing for the Association of Aroostook Indians in Houl ton is 532-7369 or 532-7301. Vose explains position PERRY — A story in last month's Wabanaki Alliance stating that State Rep. Harry Vose of Perry favored state retention o f the railroad line though Pleasant Point reservation has been termed misleading by Vose. Although Vose reaffirmed his desire that the state keep possession of the tracks, which have been temporarily abandoned by Maine Central Railroad, he denied that his reason was to keep the tracks available for the proposed Pittston oil refinery, as mentioned in the article. “Pittston did not approach me,” Vose said. “They would probably benefit, but that was definitely not my interest (in opposing return of the railroad property to the Passamaquoddy tribe).” Vose said he favored keeping the tracks operational to serve the industrial park-port complex, planned in neighboring Eastport. The railroad, according to Vose is not considered abandoned until the railroad commissioner declares it not to be fulfilling a purpose. Tidal power may get added funds Eunice Lewey [Crowley] appears to be guarding the Old Town float, in this 1943 view of Indian Island. Actually, someone had handed her the rifle for the photo — nobody remembers why. Note the absence of the bridge between Old Town and the reservation. It was not built until seven years later. [Photo courtesy of Eunice Crowley] PLEASANT POINT — Half Moon Cove tidal power project may receive $150,000 from federal sources, in addition to $100,000 already slated for the proposed electrical generating station. Project director Normand Laberge said the Department o f Energy has already assured him an additional $50,000, and that another $100,000 should be forthcoming through one or more government agencies. Laberge had originally sought $250,000 as a planning and engineering grant for the tribal project. An additional $150,000 worth of grants would bring available funds up to that figure. Total construction costs are estimated at $13 million for a five megawatt plant, operating on twin turbines using the huge rise and fall o f downeast tides. The dem onstration plant could be on line by 1985, Laberge said. ED ITO R — Richard Tompkins, a Mkmac, has been hired as editor of Passamaquoddy Spirit, newsletter of Indian Township reser vation. So far, he has published two issues. He said he is grateful to the families of George Warren Mitchell, Raphael Sockabasin and John Sockabasin, for assistance in settling into the community. Tompkins is living at Long Lake Campground. �Page 15 Wabanaki Alliance July 1979 advertisements \ TCnCE TIN TID WHY SHOULD I JOIN THE Th PEACE CORPS? Opportunity. For yourself, as well as others. ■Sfc • Two years debt-free. All e x p e n s e s are paid for you, including housing, medical, dental, subsistence, and insurance costs. • A bonus. At the end of tw o years in service, you will r ec ei ve $3,000 as a readjustment allowance. • Status. When you finish P e a c e C orp s servi ce you will r e c e i v e o n e year's preferred status for federal jobs. Many pro fessionals b e g a n their international c a r ee r s with similar volunteer assignments. Wabanaki Alliance, Maine's only Indian newpaper, now offers advertising at reasonable rates, with preference given to Indian persons and Indian businesses. Take advantage of an opportunity to reach about 2,500 readers — most of them Indian persons — through a display advertisement o f your choice. Call or write us for rates and other information. WABANAKI ALLIANCE 95 Main St. Orono, Maine 04473 Tel. [207] 866-4903 SUBSCRIBE T O WABANAKI ALLIANCE News of Maine Indian Country Find out today what opportunities await you in the P ea ce Corps. Call collect or write: P e a c e Corps, 1405-M John McCormack POUCH, Boston, MA 02109. (617) 223-7366. Ext. 4. FARRELL’S PASSAMAQUODDY DENTAL LAB Now Open for Business We Handle All Removable Denture Work, including repairs (18 years experience) For appointment call 853-4363 EVENINGS Mike and Alvera Farrell Pleasant Point Perry, Maine TH E WABNAKI BILINGUAL EDU CATION PROGRAM announces the following openings to be filled in Aug., 1979: 1. Program director/staff developer 2. Materials and curriculum developer For applications and further information please contact ROBT. M. LEAVITT. Indian Township School Indian Township, Maine 04668 Phone: 1-207-796-2362 VETERANS ADMINISTRATION Owned Homes For Sale Throughout The State Equal Housing OPPORTUNITY Minimum Cash Down Payment Financing Available Through V.A. 30 Year Loans — No Closing Costs 9V2% Interest. Anyone Can Buy You Don't Have To Be A Veteran See Your Local Real Estate Broker Or Contact VETERANS ADMINISTRATION LOAN GUARANTY DIVISION TOGUS, MAINE 04330 Tel. 207-623-8411 Ext. 433 m H OU SE FOR SALE or for rent W est Street INDIAN ISLAND Contact Elizabeth Ranco Boothbay Harbor, Me. Do you have a drinking problem? Wabanaki Corporation offers an alco holism program for Indian people who need help because of problems with alcohol. If you have such a problem and need help, or know of someone in need, please contact the Alcoholism Counselor in your community or area. Indian Island — Alcoholism Counselors — Clarence Francis — Rosalie Murphy — 207-866-5577. Indian Township — Alcoholism Coun selors — Martha Barstis — Bernard I Stevens — 207-796-2321. Association of Aroostook Indians — Alcoholism Counselors — Pious Perley — Harriet Perley — 207-762-3571. Pleasant Point — Alcoholism Counse lors — Grace Roderick — Angelina Robichaud — 207-853-2537. Central Maine Indian Association — Alcoholism Counselor — Alfred Dana — 207-269-2653 or 207-866-5577. Jesuit to attend Indian meetings PLEASANT POINT — Brother Larry Smith, S.J., a Jesuit with St. Ann's Mission here, recently attended a conference of Indian religious leaders. He. attended a native clergy conference of Jesuits from the U.S., Canada and Mexico, at Thunder Bay, Ontario, June 8-10. He plans to attend a National Association o f Native Religious meetings, Aug. 14-19, at Holy Rosary Mission, Pine Ridge, S.D. NATIVE AMERICAN STUDIES AT BERKELEY The Native American Studies pro gram at Berkeley is one of the most i successful program s in the Nation. The department offers a Bachelor of Arts degree with emphasis in the areas of History and Culture, Law, Govern ment, Community Development: and i Social Instructions. i The NAS major opens up a new i perspective to Native Americans and i non-Native Americans. Counseling and advice regarding admission procedures, financial aid, housing, and tutoring are available through the NAS counseling unit. i For more information, contact: Margaret DeOcampo Eisenbise Native American Studies 3415 Dwinelle Hall University of California i Berkeley, CA 94720 (415) 642-0245 HOUSE IN BOOTHBAY HARBOR * * * * For sale or for rent Contact ELIZABETH RANCO Boothbay Harbor Tel.: 633-4194 NOTICE JOB OPENINGS The American Indian Community House, Inc., is seeking a qualified Individual to act as Program Director for their Indian Health Service program. Must possess an awareness of Indian values and unique problems which affect health care delivery to Indian people in an urban setting. Must have at least two years management and supervisory ex perience. BS/BA degree in a health or social service area preferable but will also accept prior experience in the health and social service field in lieu of degree. * * * The American Indian Community House, Inc., is seeking a Registered Nurse for their Indian Health Service Program. This person will be responsible for pre-screening o f clients, making home visits to the sick and elderly and developing a health information system. Must possess a current license to practice and have a strong background in medical procedure on the preventative health care level. Interested applicants should submit resumes no later than August 17, 1979 to: Walletta M. Bear, Acting Director Indian Health Service Program American Indian Community House, Inc. 10 East 38th Street New York, New York 10016 An appeal to cooks Wabanaki Alliance is proud to print Natalie Mitchell’s Nutrition Notes, but we realize there is another side to good health, namely, good eating. We hereby invite our readers to submit their favorite recipes for traditional Indian foods, or any other foods. We promise to print as many of them as we can. in a new regular cooking column. We also need a name for this column, so send in your ideas. If you would like the job of doing this monthly food column for Wabanaki Alliance, the newspaper will pay you a small fee. Write us, at 95 Main St.. Orono, Maine 04473. Or Call 866-4903. �Page 16 Wabanaki Alliance July 1979 Flashback photo A FAVORITE AT THE FOURTH OF JULY was this Fassamaqnoddy Indian float, which joined the Independence Day parade at Calais, in photo taken about 1947. Note the many 1979 Indian events listed WASHINGTON — The 1979 calendar of Indian fairs, exhibits, ceremonials, dances, feasts and other celebrations is now avail able, U.S. Bureau of Indian Affairs said. Most of the events in the state-by-state listings occur in the summer or fall months and are open to tourists and other visitors. The pocket-size booklet lists more than 500 items, giving the nature o f the activity, dates and locations. The booklet also contains some summary information about Indians in the United States and the addresses o f Bureau of Indian Affairs’field offices. The calendar may be obtained for S2.30 from the Superintendent o f Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Wash ington, D.C. 20402. The stock number is 024-002-0067-5. news notes Gymnastics classes set INDIAN ISLAND — Weekly gymnastics classes for Penobscot Indian children started this month at the tribal communitybuilding here. The class meets Wednesdays, at 4:30 p.m., according to instructor Vickie Daigle, who operates the Vickie Daigle School of Dance in Bangor. The classes are being sponsored by the Indian Island elementary school, she said. There are openings for 20 children in the eight week program. The first class was scheduled July 5, because of the July 4 holiday. A regular fall gymnastics program for Indian Island youngsters will be announced later. Summer program involves Indian youth WASHINGTON— People-to-People pro grams, funded by President Eisenhower in 1956, include the High School Student Ambassador program, the Sister City pro gram, the International Pen Pal program, and the medical ship, HOPE. These pro grams are “non-partisan, non-political and non-profit programs aimed at developing international friendships in an attempt to build a world of lasting peace,” according to a U.S. Bureau o f Indian Affairs (BIA) press release. Groups of highly recommended high school students are being formed in local communities to participate in the 1979 Student Ambassador program. "It seems only fitting that American Indian students. spectators applauding. Also, onlookers atop a building, and inside second story windows, [Photo courtesy of Virgie Johnson] the first Americans, join other students from across the nation in the roll of Student Am bassadors. Since most American Indian families cannot afford the full $2,700 per student cost o f participation, we are seeking scholarship donations or sponsorships which can fill the void between an Indian student’ s family contribution and the actual cost of participation in the 1979 Ambassador pro gram,” the release said. The first Santa Fe, N.M. group par ticipated in the 16-year-old Student Am bassador program during the summer of 1978. Three Indian students contributed to the 1978 program, and their participation reports and artistic sketches of their ad ventures earned two of them college credits. Indian council to meet in Bangor WASHINGTON — National Advisory Council on Indian Education (NACIE) will hold its next full council meeting on July 16-18, 1979, in Bangor. The meeting will take place at the Holiday Inn, 500 Main Street, Bangor, Maine 04401 (207) 947-8651. Meeting times are 9:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. daily and will be opened to the public. The entire day o f Wednesday, July 18, will be reserved for public hearings. Title IV project directors, Parts A, B, and C, from the Northeastern and Eastern States, are invited to present "written testimony” summarizing the goals and objectives o f their current title IV projects; a description of the amount of Title IV funds spent; and a list of program accomplishments. Indian gam es in August PERTH-ANDOVER — The 1979 New Brunswick Indian Summer Games will be held at the Tobique Indian Reserve near here Aug. 8-12. More than 700 athletes are expected to participate m the Games which will offer competition in baseball softball, track and field, golf, archery, horseshoes, canoeing, basketball, volleyball, tennis and cultural events. BIA opens office WASHINGTON — Bureau o f Indian Affairs will establish an office o f technical assistance and training at Brigham City, Utah, on the campus o f the BIA-operated Intermountain Indian School. U.S. Interior Secretary Cecil Andrus formally approved the new unit. Assistant Secretary for Indian Affairs Forrest Gerard said, “The implementation o f the Indian self-determination policy has resulted in increased program responsibility and authority at the local reservation level. Consequently, the need for technical assist ance and training has greatly increased at this level, also. The new office at Brigham City will be responsive to this need.” Lumbee album issued PEMBROKE, N.C. — “-Proud to be a Lumbee,” the first album about the experiences o f the Lumbee Indians of Robeson County, was recently released by the Lumbee Indian Education Project of Lumbee Regional Development Association, Inc. in Pembroke. It has been acclaimed by Indian educators and area church leaders as a valuable asset to the education of Indian children and as a moving religious album. The album consists of 11 contemporary songs written and performed by Willie Lowery, Miriam Oxendine and several Indian youths. It was produced through the Lumbee Indian Education project of LRDA with foundation monies and contributions from the Fayetteville Presbytery and the Pembroke Area Presbyterian Ministry of North Carolina. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <em>Wabanaki Alliance</em> (July 1979) Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Indian Resource Center Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1979-07 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Donald Soctomah Julia Brush Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Document Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource pdf Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DV-405 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Passamaquoddy Cultural Museum Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Steve Cartwright. Used with permission. https://www.dawnlandvoices.org/collections/files/original/52e19f9374461486371e073a14f210e9.pdf 1eae49caf4dba5075230123ee7305fb2 PDF Text Text Non-profit Organization U.S. Postage Paid 3.1c Permit No. 15 Orono, Maine A llia n ce August 1979 US court affirms tribal immunity from suit PORTLAND— Maine Indians might not find a better ally of tribal sovereignty, or supporter o f their land claims, than the U.S. Court o f Appeals. Earlier this year, the appeals court— with federal district Judge Edward T. Gignoux presiding— released an opinion setting forth the Passamaquoddy tribe’ right to immuni s ty from lawsuit. That immunity is one o f the remaining sovereign powers o f recognized Indian tribes in the U.S. The court's 1 page opinion upheld a 3 previous decision dismissing a suit brought against the Passamaquoddy tribe by a lawyer who was indirectly associated with the first stages of the current 12.5 million acre Indian claim to northern Maine. Thomas N. Tureen, lawyer for the Maine Indian land claim, told Wabanaki Alliance he was pleased and encouraged by the court ruling o f May 17, which he said reaffirms “Passamaquoddy vs. Morton," a corner stone o f the land case and federal recogni tion o f the tribes. The appeals court ruling dealt with a suit brought by Massachusetts lawyer John S. Bottomly, formerly associated with the Passamaquoddy tribe's initial efforts to claim damages for alienated lands. (Bottom ly worked for Don C. Gellers, who first represented the tribe and was later busted on a marijuana charge. Gellers fled the country', and Tureen took over the land claims case.) The State o f Maine, represented by Deputy Atty. Gen. John M. R. Paterson, squared off against the tribe and federal government, arguing the Passamaquoddies may not be a tribe, but simply an association (Continued on page 5 ) Penobscots sever ties, form own CETA agency INDIAN ISLAND — Penobscot tribal government has been awarded a Compre hensive Employment and Training Act (CETA) prime sponsorship. The new status makes Indian Island independent o f the CETA program o f Tribal Governors, Inc., (TGI) a coalition o f Maine tribes, which currently handles CETA monies for reserva tions and off-reservation organizations. The move o f Penobscot Indian CETA to Indian Island promoted speculation that the Penobscots might be planning a complete withdrawal from TGI. Penobscot Governor Wilfred Pehrson, however, denied any such move is contemplated. “There are other areas for TGI as a group. I see TGI as a conduit for starting programs and running them until the tribes can take them over. I see it (TGI) as a learning process. I would like to see MITA (Maine Indian Transportation Association) stay within TGI for another two or three years so we can learn how to run it.” Pehrson rejected the idea that Penobscot withdrawal from TG I’ CETA program s would lead to the dissolution o f the organization. Penobscot tribal planner Mi chael Ranco agreed that the formation o f a separate CETA program would not hurt TGI. “I don’ feel it will break up. It’ not t s just a CETA organization,” he said. TGI also sponsors Maine Indian Manpower, MITA, a nutrition program and a weatherization program. TGI response to the Penobscot with drawal was immediate. Pehrson, who was TGI president, was fired and replaced by Robert Newell, governor of Pleasant Point Passamaquoddy reservation. Although the reason given Pehrson for his dismissal was that he would be in conflictof interest as head o f two groups, each with a CETA program, he said he felt his firing was in re taliation for the Penobscot’ seeking control s o f the CETA program. j.’ . ucvi »npage 4 n ) State s e e k s jurisdiction ruling AUGUSTA— The state attorney general’ office will reportedly ask the s U S,, supreme court to decide whether Maine has criminal jurisdiction on Indian reservations within the state. The planned appeal com es on the heels of a Maine supreme court opinion that the state did not have jurisdiction over Aden J. Sockabasin, a Passamaquoddy convicted of arson at Indian Township reservation. If Maine files petitions for appeal to the high court, they must be submitted by Oct. 1. At some later date, the supreme court Would decide whether to hear the case. Thejunsdictm n issue touches on the Passamaquoddy-Penobscot claims to 12.5 million acres of Maine, in which the tribes maintain they have a sovereign right to aboriginal lands. So far, court rulings have supported tribal sovereignty. We are dealing here with the m ost serious question affecting the state’ s sovereignty over the criminal laws.” commented Atty. Gen. Richard S. Cohen. He said he has met with U.S. attorney for Maine, George Mitchell, to discuss handling of cases that may be dismissed for lack of state jurisdiction. A special pageant M i l at Indian Island v a s a visit from the Most Rev. Amedee Prostht, auxiliary bislrcp of the Catholic Diajqse o f Portland, foreground. With him is the Rev. David Cote, priest at Indian Island, andCMildted Akins, Penobscot, clearly a favorite with young children. Federal official said to favor revised claim WASHINGTON — A federal Interior Department lawyer has said he supports at least half of an enlarged proposal to s e ttle P e n obscot-P assam aq u odd y land claims in Maine. Leo Krulitz, a U.S. lawyer involved in Maine claims negotiations the past couple of years, stated that the Carter adminis tration supports four of eight aspects of a newly revised settlem ent package. The President reportedly would agree to set up of a $27 million trust fund for the two tribes; $10 million for purchase of 100,000 acres; another $10 million for buying up land over the next three years; plus $6 million in loans to start a sawmill However, Krulitz said he would oppose a special $16 million grant for economic development, unless applied for through regular channels. Nor would he favor $7.65 million to repair reservation schools. or a combined allocation of $2.5 million for road and bridge work. The revised settlem ent plan is som e what larger than in land and money than a proposal considered last year. Both the present and the previous plans exclude the state of Maine from any liability in the case. Nevertheless, Gov. Joseph Brennan called the latest plan “exhorbitant de mands. Last fall, the tribes considered a $27 million payment plus 100,000 acres, advocated by then Sen. William D. Hathaway of Maine. Hathaway’ successor, Sen. William S. s Cohen, was cautious about the proposal. “W e’ got to ge t the tribes and their ve attorney to put in written form exactly what they want.” The Penobscots and Passamaquoddies claim 12.5 million acres of northern Maine belongs to them by virtue of aboriginal possession. Niicmac tiddler plays to all BAR HARBOR— Lee Cremo, a Micmac fiddle champion who wrote Eskasoni Breakdown and dozens more tunes, hopes he has made it easier for Indian entertainers. “I think I broke the ice for some Micmac entertainers,” he said after a long stand at Pride of Maine Fair here, recently. Hid accompanist, Vincent Joe, 21, is a Micmac who proves the point. Joe plays bass guitar in his own country rock band, and plays piano with Cremo. Cremo, 40, is one of Canada’ finest s fiddlers. He plays Irish, Scottish, English and French tunes, as well as his native Micmac music. H e is comfortable with all kinds of music, and thoroughly enjoys the (Continued on page 13) �Page 2 Wabanaki Alliance August 1979 Worthwhile pursuits Dear Indian Community: This m essage is an appeal to you to save and support Wabanaki Wilderness Pursuits, a program of Wabanaki Corporation in Orono. In this issue we publish a story about a trip down the Allagash waterway. Perhaps the words of participants, and the pictures, say more than we can say here. However, the plain facts are that Wilderness Pursuits is in trouble. The outdoor youth program is funded through the summer only. If it folds— and that’ what will happen if nothing changes— Indians will s have lost a fine opportunity for young persons to learn through experience. What do boys and girls learn in Wilderness Pursuits? Sometimes what they learn is not as tangible as how to repair a diesel engine, or how to balance an account book. Participants might learn how to balance a canoe through rapids, or repair a tent or build a good fire, but probably those things are less important in the long run. In the long run, Indian youth in Wilderness Pursuits may begin to understand themselves and each other. They learn cooperation, teamwork, and self-reliance. As each challenge is overcome, they gain confidence. They can climb that mountain. They can cook a meal for 1 . They can tackle some of the problems in life; maybe not alone, but 2 together. These are human values our schools often fail to instill in young people. We see many "achievers” in school. We see many dropouts. Even the achiever benefits from Wilderness Pursuits. He may learn there is more to life than a shining report card. In our opinion, an act of human kindness is worth a pile of report cards. Chances are, a youth who learns to trust in himself, will naturally do better in school, home and work. Wilderness Pursuits is not the only answer to many problems young people have, but it ’ a start. It s exposes them to themselves. In Wilderness Pursuits, there is no frying through drugs, alcohol, TV or radio. Even cigarettes are banned. One must be honest; one must confront one’ s-feelings, and the feelings of those around oneself. Today, there seems to be too many escapes. Too many chances not to be honest in relationships. Wilderness Pursuits is one place where dishonesty just w on’ work. t That applies to instructors, too. The trip leaders stand to gain as much as the youthful participants in WP courses. The director of WP, Nick Dow, says he has had a problem with recruiting Indian youth for his courses. In fact, he recently took a group of Boston area Indian youth on a trip. A number of Maine persons dropped out of that particular course. It was their loss, more than his. Wilderness Pursuits is a kind of education all too rare today. When it ends, the Indian community will be the poorer. Quotable Some tribal publications avoid issues. They print handouts from the tribal office, carry notices of local social events and meetings, report the scores of kids’ athletic events and fill the pages with other trivia. These publications have no problems with tribal officials. They can’ be killed. They are already dead. t An Indian newspaper should probably be edited by God. And He would get fired. _ Vince Lovett, Bureau of Indian Affairs staff, writing in an article published in this newspaper. Passamaquoddy basketmaking demonstration at Pride of Maine Fair, Bar Harbor. [Kathy Carreiro photo] A fair to rem em ber W e’ sorry for anyone who missed the “Pride of Maine” fair at re Bat* Harbor last month. The three day event included an honest tribute to Passamaquoddy skills and culture. A selected group of Indians presented various aspects of Indian lore, such as cooking, drums, basketry, language and herbal medicine. A special bonus was a Micmac fiddler and his piano accompanist. Throughout, the fair recognized Indian people and their way of life with respect and an attempt at understanding. Indians were only a part of the fair, but those who participated and demonstrated their skills were vital and interesting. The Indian presentations at the fair were clearly the result of long and thoughtful planning by College o f the Atlantic, which sponsored the one-time multi-cultural celebration with the aid of federal funds. Along with Franco-Americans, fishermen, musicians and others, Passamaquoddies contributed their share of entertainment and enlightenment. At least a dozen Indian persons attended the fair as visitors, rather than performers or exhibitors. Unfortunately, attendance at the entire fair was very light. This meant both low revenue for the sponsors, and the sad fact of few persons viewing a wonderful display of Maine life, past and present. Deserving special mention are Wayne Newell, Passamaquoddy linguist and health director; Joan and Martin Dana, cook and drum maker respectively; linguist David (Martin) Francis; bilingual director Robert Leavitt; Fred Tomah, medicine man; and Micmac musicians Lee Cremo and Vincent Joe. Also. Elizabeth and Dyke Sopiel, basket weaver and ash-pounder, respectively; and cook Blanche Socobasin. Pride of Maine was, to our knowledge, the first Maine fair to do justice to Indian traditional crafts and practices. There was dancing, ceremonial dress, legends. . .and who could resist muskrat stew? (It tastes great, honest.) The fair was flawed by poor attendance— and by the lack of Penobscot representation in the Indian booths and demonstrations. Certainly the Penobscots were and are today a visible part of M aine’ s heritage. Nevertheless, the fair qualifies as one of the finest we have seen. �Wabanaki Alliance August 1979 letters Wants answer Florence, Arizona To the editor: I’ pleased very much to be getting your m paper, which I love very much. And I now have the good fortune o f some money, so am sending a $5 money order for my continued receiving o f this paper. As you know I am a prisoner here in Arizona and there’ not much money to be s made here. I have written several letters in the past to different Indian and alcoholic services, and unfortunately got no answer. Yet, by your editorials, others get answers with less newsworthiness and importance than mine. I suppose most of the fault lies in the people I wrote. But why do they adver tise in your paper if they never answer their mail? Makes your paper look bad when they do that. Surely your paper does not advocate incompetence. Again I thank you for the paper. I like it very much. Have a good day and may the Great Spirit bless you all. George Slagger, Jr. Thanks to all Lancaster, Pa. To the editor: Thanks to all for the wonderful vacation I had in June and July at Peter Dana Point and Pleasant Point Reserves. I enjoyed the fiddleheads, moose and deer meat, picking sweet grass, beading, swim ming and meeting all my relatives and dear friends. Special thanks to my sisters, Mary Graham and Martha Malec, for letting me stay in their homes during my stay in Maine. Georgina C. Keller and Family Recipe offer Plymouth, Mass. To the editor: Thank you for your Wabanaki Alliance newspaper. Enclosed is a $2 check. You don’ say how much this newspaper is, so I t took a chance and sent $2. I have plenty of food recipes I would like to send to you. Some are books of recipes o f all kinds. Would you want them? Mary Campbell The favorite Southwest Harbor To the editor: I am now at the end o f my first year of subscription to the Wabanaki Alliance. It is my favorite of all the publications and newspapers that I read. Instead o f just telling you how beautiful a paper it is. I’ tell you it has enlightened my ll outlook on my people. I have begun to get involved in the ways of the people. Your paper helps so much because I have never lived on Indian Island but my Grandmother did. She is full-blooded Penobscot and my Father is half, but I never was subjected to my Indian heritage until I married a Penobscot a year ago. I had been searching my identity since I was about sixteen. I am still searching for proof o f Penobscot blood on paper because there are some records missing. I am optimistic about our future. More people are getting involved in preserving our culture, but we still have a long way to go. As long as we continue to remember that the land and our children must go hand in hand, we’ be all right. ll Please continue to send me the Wabanaki Alliance. It means more to me than just something to read. Tom M. Newman Petition to White House New York City To the editor: With this letter I would like to inform you on how we stand with our petition campaign. On June 5th, 1979 I was in the Office of the White House in Washington, D.C. where I delivered the first bunch o f signed petitions (total o f twenty thousand eight hundred signatures) also a letter to the President asking for the meeting, with a list of ihe traditional Native Americans that are willing to meet with the President. The proposal will now be submitted to all the various members in the White House and to President Carter. It looks like we have a good chance. The Office o f theWhite House will get back to me within 4 to 6 weeks with some resuits, and I hope with a date for the meeting. I was told that a convenient time for the White House will be in October 1979 due to the fact that the previous months are fully scheduled. This is a good time also for theTraditional People. In the meantime the campaign is going on because we need to make the petition stronger. So please stay with us, your continuing help is badly needed. I will keep you posted on our progress. You can call me collect; I will love to talk with you, exchange ideas and make some plans for the immediate future. Maria Debegnac Rage 3 Checking it out Santa Barbara, Ca. To the editor: I get to read your newsletter that you send to our Chief and I really enjoy it and think it’ one of the best Indian s newsletters today, and this is why I am sending you this evidence on this person from Greensburg, Indiana, that told your paper to “check it out,” in your July 1979 issue. In 1976 Joan Manning and Stewart Rodda had an organization at Westport, Indiana called American Indian Defense. Stewart Rodda at that time claimed to be Choctaw and Sioux, and Joan Manning stated she was Cherokee. Now they have m oved their organiza tion to Greensburg, Indiana and Joan Manning states she is still Cherokee, but now Stewart Rodda states he’ a s Chippewa and has never changed. What has happened to the Sioux he claimed to be in 1976? No harm meant, Stewart Rodda, just “checking it out” as you requested publicly. Red Eagle Steere Baptized family Hartford, Conn. To the editor: Please put my name on your mailing list. I have known members o f the Francis family for almost 25 years, and baptized about 1 1 o f them. Enclosed is a donation of $5.00. Rev. Thomas W. Shea A donation Tampa, Florida To the editor: Please enter my subscription to your Indian news magazine. My donation for $1.50 in check attached. Clara Pickett A voice for inmates Thomaston To the editor: I just finished reading the latest issue of Wabanaki Alliance and was very pleased with its contents. The letters to the editor which you published were very good. Hopefully these letters will reach the right people and they will respond to them. Post that paper We are finally getting the Indians together down here and could use some Perth, N.B. outside support. What we actually need for To the editor: support yet I don’ know, as we are just t I would like to subscribe to your Indian getting our minds together. We have a few paper, what are your yearly rates? Do let me vague ideas floating around but nothing hear from you real soon. really concrete yet. Anthony J. Saulis We do have a newsletter but we would need some financial assistance to get it started. We are going to call it the Sunrise Wabanaki Alliance Vol. 3, No. 8 August 1979 People. All we need is money for printing and distribution costs. We have some very gifted Indians in here and should have no Published monthly by the Division of Indian Services [DIS] at the Indian Resource Center, problem putting together a very good 95 Main St., Orono, Me. 04473. newsletter. Our main goal is to reach the Native American Indians out there. We Steven Cartwright, Editor would like to let people know what we are up William O ’ Neal, Ass’L Editor against in here, what we are trying to do about it. and share some of our feelings with DIS Board of Directors other Indians. In a sense, we are asking for Indian Island Jean Chavaree [chairman] donations to get our first issue out and some Pleasant Point John Bailey, Public Safety Coordinator help in distributing our newsletter to the Indian Township Albert Dana, Tribal Councilor Maine Indian population. Indian Island Timothy Love, Representative to State Legislature I'm telling you about this because 1 think Indian Township Jeannette Neptune, Community Development Director Orono your newspaper would be able to help us get Jeannette LaPlante, Central Maine Indian Assoc. off the ground. 1 also know that you can Houlton Susan Desiderio, Assn, of Aroostook Indians reach the right people to help us get started. Houlton Maynard Polchies, President, Aroostook Indians We are trying to do something construc Mattawamkeag Melvin L. Vicaire, Central Maine Indian Assn. tive. while we are doing time. If further Pleasant Point Reuben C. Cleaves, Representative to State Legislature information is needed, please contact me. DIS is an agency of Diocesan Human Relations Services, Inc. of Maine. Subscriptions to There are only seven o f us to start this, but I this newspaper are available by writing to Wabanaki Alliance, 95 Main St., Orono, Me. feel confident we can do the job and do it 04473. Diocesan Human Relations Services and DIS are a non-profit corporation. Contri well. butions are deductible for income tax purposes. Brian J. Attean RHONDA DAIGLE graduated from the University of Maine at Orono in May, with a degree in business administration. She is the daughter of Louis and Carolyn Daigle of Stillwater. Her grandparents, Louis and Doris [Sapiel] Daigle Sr., were formerly of Indian Island. Indian Island. Rhonda is employed as administrative secretary at Northeast Re gional Institute, Lincoln. Tracing ancestry Southbury, Ct. To the editor: I have been trying to trace my Indian ancestry, I understand the ancestry is on my father’s side. My name — Lorraine Mazzacane. Par ents — Fred Dwinells and Edna Joudrey. Grandparents — Andrew Dwinells and Mary Ann Hazeltine. Great-grandparents — William Hazeltine and Ann P. Young. Ann P. Young is supposedly full-blooded Indian and born in Montville, Maine. At present I have no dates, but I assume mid-1800’ s. Your address was given to me by Orlaine Hartmann o f the American Indians for Development, Inc., Meriden, Ct. Any information you can give me will be greatly appreciated. Lorraine Mazzacane Remarkable story Fayette To the editor: Your article on the tragic death o f David Tomer is one o f the most remarkable pieces of journalism I have read. The fact that you investigated the actions o f the Old Town police and solicited local opinion raises a serious point as regards journalistic bias. My congratulations. The beauty o f it is that it clearly illustrates the solidarity o f the Native American community and the frus trations they deal with daily in their relations with the political powers that be. I happen to be a white Anglo-Saxon-Celt who identifies with oppressed peoples, suspicious o f those who show a comfortable apathy as they deal with their daily lives. My hope is that one day people of the world will direct their energies towards the Evil Spirit, who influences the malevolent temporal rulers o f the world who would keep their subjects miserable in order to fulfill themselves, with the help of the Light of Lights. Keep up the good fight. Greg Boardman SU BSCRIBE T O WABANAKI ALLIANCE News o f Maine Indian Country �Page 4 Wabanaki Alliance August 1979 letters A first edition Indian art school Newark, N.J. To the editor: I am sending you a copy of the first edition of our newspaper. Please feel free to utilize any information you might need. Please put us on your mailing list so we can continue to communicate. Also could we have permission to utilize graphics or infor mation from your paper? Thank you. Keep in touch. Sarah Hines Editor Miracle Santa Fe, N.M. To the editor: We would like to call for your assistance again in disseminating information that is of utmost importance to many o f your readers. It is an attempt to clarify misinformation that has been flooding the media. Shortly after the beginning of the year a local Indian organization made application to contract the school as a local high school instad o f the national art-educational facility that we have/ been operating for the past sixteen years. It was deternined that IAIA would continue in its present format while sharing facilities with another Indian educa tion project. Unfortunately, the determina tion came at a very late date and in the midst of much miscommunication. Through error, on June 12th the Washington Office issued a news release indicating that we would not accept new students and would only <x>ntinue to serve those who were previously enrolled in the program. The release o f this information will have the most adverse effect on the educational program. We will continue to offer the full two-year program and it is imperative that prospective students are aware of this. The future of the school is in jeopardy if we are unable to spread the good news before the beginning o f the school year. We feel that this information will not only enable Indian youths in your area to take advantage o f the outstanding art education programs being offered, but will also be exciting news for Indian parents and art eductators in your area. Sincerely, Henry Gobin Institute o f American Indian Arts Black Hills alliance To the editor: We have received reports from the Wash ington Spot Light newspaper of the capital, that the President is a member o f the Inter national Trilateral Commission and that the Carter administration is pushing interna tional energy developing corporations, in stead of American energy corporations. The Sioux Indians o f the Black Hills Alliance, have contacted us and told us that this inter national trilateral commission had written up a full report on their Black Hills and the surrounding areas and designated them as a national sacrifice area for the nation’ s energy problem. This is outrageous, and is illegal, because even if it’ true that the President is a s member of the International Trilateral Commission, he or this international com mission cannot designate these Sioux-owned lands. The Carter Administration can only serve America and America’ national prob s lems according to our Constitution, and the U.S. Constitution does not give the Carter administration the authority to be in violation of the Fifth Amendment. The Carter administration cannot even designate these Sioux-owned Black Hills as any type or kind of a sacrifice: The Sioux have their Indian Treaties and the U.S. Constitution to uphold their owner ship. Also, the U.S. Claims Commission in 1974 further proved ownership of these Black Hills and it’ written forever more in s their case records, the U.S. Claims Com mission tried to give the Sioux 17 million dollars for compensation o f gold taken out of them a century ago. This settlement was refused and hung around until June 1979, when Chief Judge Daniel Friedman of the United States Court, upheld an award for this compensation o f 100 million dollars, and this judge stated that a Sioux and U.S. 'treaty of 1868 reserved certain lands in South Dakota including seven million acres in the Black Hills area, for the undisturbed and absolute use and occupation of the Sioux Indians. This is also further proof of the Sioux on their legal ownership of these Black Hills, besides their sovereignty in their treaties and also having been living on these lands from time unremembered. They need support against the planned uranium mining. These same energy corporations have contaminated the Indian reservation lands of Arizona and New Mexico, and radioactive tailings are laying right on top o f the earth. We have written our congressman Robert Lagermarsino and asked that he ask congress or some branch of the government to put radioactive materials in empty mine shafts and then take ten feet of earth off the ground where they were laying, and dump it also down some mine shaft and then cement it over. We are waiting for his answer to us on this. This would at least be better than having this stuff laying in small mountains upon the open reservation lands to be blown about in every breeze and to run all over in the rain or snow. The children are getting sick from it. Arthur Greywolf FOUNDATIONS FOR THE FUTURE — What is now just a hole in the ground, will soon be a new home at Indian Island, part of a large expansion program on the Island. Tribe g e t s con trol o f CETA (Continued from page 1 ) Pehrson said he felt the TGI action to remove him was improper since the meeting was called without his approval as president. He indicated that he did not regret the loss of the seat, because o f a busy schedule, and probably would not fight it. He said he would continue to be a member o f TGI. “I can work with any one of them down there on a one to one basis, or as a group,” he maintained. Ranco offered several reasons for the Penobscot prime sponsorship. “Because most everyone is back (on the reservation, 'ther than distributed throughout the ‘ e), we feel we can control our own Gerard eyes BIA role in tribal politics WASHINGTON— Interior Assistant Sec retary Forrest Gerard has been mulling the role o f Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) in tribal politics. Gerard cited the Supreme Court’s Mar tinez decision, denying federal courts au thority to interfere in alleged civil rights violations by tribal governments and Con gress’ denying BIA that authority. He added, “Too often, tribal governments and their existing institutions are not yet really adequate to ensure the relief that the Supreme Court assumed existed. The result has been a partial void in the checks and balances of the governmental process.” According to a BIA press release, Gerard further said that “on several occasions recently, violence had been attributable to the inability o f the tribal government to peacefully and expeditiously resolve these internal matters.” Passamaquoddy in Hartford exhibit HARTFORD, Ct.— Elizabeth Sopiel, 69, a Passamaquoddy from Indian Township, .will display her basketry skills at the University o f Hartford, Aug. 8 to Sept. 12. The exhibit is called Eastern American Indian Basketry, “a continuing tradition.” The show is sponsored by Hartford Art School, a division o f the university. Circle hires new editor BOSTON— A Turtle Mountain Chippewa Indian has been hired to edit The Circle, publication o f the Boston Indian Council. She is Louise Erdrich, a graduate ofDartmouth College who began work in July. Assisting her is Ed Gaffney. The newspaper was previously edited by Jack Hayes. Planning figures released from Washing ton show that TG I’ CETA allocation may s be less than half the preceding year, with cuts as much as two-thirds in Titles II and VI. An official at the national CETA office in Washington cautioned that planning figures are “mythical” and are mere projec tions for planning budgets. No definite figures could be known until the CETA bill clears Congress, he said. The allocations could be higher, he added. Planning figures reveal that the Penob scot CETA program is projected to receive $83,346. Ranco estimated, if the Penobscots had remained under TGI, they would have received around $64,000. TGI, which has the second oldest CETA sponsorship in the state, has been tentatively allocated $234,572. Ranco predicted that administrative over head would be lower with the new prime sponsorship, particularly if CETA can be linked with Bureau o f Indian Affairs (BIA) programs. He predicted that the structure would be similar to TG I’ CETA program, but with a s heavier emphasis on career development than T G I’ which he characterized as s, emphasizing administration. BIA educators m eet Michael Ranco programs. Inter-tribal programs served the purpose o f getting funds. We don’ have to t join forces anymore,” he said. He said at least one off-reservation group, Central Maine Indian Association (CMIA), would be able to use the Indian Island CETA program for Penobscot County residents, but the details had not been worked out. Although a recent cut in CETA appro priations by Congress, threatened to force the*Penobscots back into the TGI CETA program, the cuts occurred predominately in areas not relied on by the Penobscots, Ranco said, adding that the cuts would probably affect TG I much more. TGI Manpower director Allen Sockabasin said he could not comment until “I see something in black and white.” According to Ranco, the Penobscots will receive more money as independent CETA sponsors, than under the TGI umbrella. WASHINGTON— Bureau o f Indian Af fairs education administrators nationwide met August 7-9 in Duluth, Minn., to discuss new federal laws affecting Indian education programs, BIA director o f Indian Education programs, Earl Barlow said. Barlow said that major changes in Indian education programs will be introduced in the 1979-80 school year through the implementation o f the Education Amend ments Act o f 1978 (P.L. 95-561). He said that the Bureau’s education programs were also being affected by legislation on the education of the handicapped (P.L. 94-142) and the Indian Tribally Controlled Com munity College Act (P.L. 95-471). The three-day program consisted of workshops and presentations on the regula tions and implementation procedures for these Acts and discussions o f other matters pertaining to Indian education programs, Barlow said that the sessions were important “because the administrators are the individuals responsible for making the programs work at the local level— in classrooms where children come to learn.” He said that the administrators would be bringing information from the meeting back to their teachers, dormitory supervisors, school boards and other persons involved in the education o f Indian students. �Wabanaki Alliance August 1979 Page 5 Making tribal sovereignty a reality By Richard V. LaCourse “looking at the country and the right wing swing and the backlash movement in Indian affairs.” He could not look at the anti-Indian backlash in isolation from these conservative economics, including those espoused by the people to whom President Carter was listening. “The trends seemed to be away from Created in June 1977, it operates as a those things done in America since the Youth Project field arm. Project coordin New Deal,” he continued. “Instead, now s ator is Daniel Bomberry, a Cayuga-Salish it’ tax incentives being given to corpor Indian born in British Columbia who holds ations. Indian budgets are the ones most likely to be attacked. I was concerned a master’ degree in political science and s economics. Since 1977, TSP has funded 20 with what it all meant for tribal survival.” H e was also looking at the environ American Indian projects in 10 states, provided technical assistance to them, and mental crisis and the potential for some path through it coming from Indian people begun publication of a newsletter. Native Self-sufficiency, which reaches over 800 as the potential leadership in the tribes, Indian organizations and indivi environmental movement. “All these crises are close in our lifetimes and those duals. of our children,” he believes. Of its genesis, Bomberry stated it was It all came together for Bomberry when established by the Youth Project following he read John Mohawk’ essay. The s a period when he withdrew from social Sovereignty We Seek Can Be Real. activism as director of the Native Mohawk is editor of Akwesasne Notes, American Studies Program at California one of the nation’ largest American s State College in Sonoma where he taught Indian newspapers published on the and also studied historic California Indian Mohawk Nation land at Roosevelton, N.Y. land claims. By 1977, he had pondered a with many international subscribers. building political, economic, and environ In early 1977, Bomberry proposed his mental crisis which was deeply affecting plan to the Youth Project and it was American Indian tribes. “Maybe it’ s accepted for action. “The Youth Project,” necessary for a number of people to he stated, “was willing to take a chance, it withdraw for a while and recollect,” he is a reputable group, and its support made said. it easier for us to establish our credi “A lot stemmed from my frustrations in bility.” working in Indian affairs,” Bomberry Policy-making authority for T SP’ s explained. “I was amazed by the contin activities is held by six Indian board uous talking about concepts and what we mem bers— five men and a woman (see needed to do— with little actually being box)— to whom the Youth Project has done. I was interested in seeing people given powers outside its umbrella. In its and Indian country going out and actually first two-year period, TSP has received doing things.” funds from widely varying sources “Behind it was a political and economic including the Norman Foundation, the critique of my own,” stated Bomberry, Field and Shalan Foundations, the Akbar GUERNEVILLE, Ca.— The Native American Tribal Sovereignty Program (TSP), is an arm of the Youth Project. It is a unique public foundation designed to weigh and meet the needs of approved American Indian projects. Fund, the Eastman Fund, and several individual donors. TSP recently received 13 VISTA volunteers through an ACTION grant to the Youth Project who are assigned to work with TSP Indian projects in four states. The Policy Board has established the following Indian “sovereignty-enhancing” project areas as funding priorities: Land and natural resource Jssues. These include efforts to reclaim and live on aboriginal tribal lands and to protect them and natural resources from incur sions on tribal water rights and spoilation by destructive energy development: Redevelopment o f self-reliant tribal economies. This is addressed through creation of traditional and innovative means for food production, use of appropriate technologies to m eet those goals such as solar greenhouses and wind-powered energy, and to explore methods for alternate energy uses; Restoration o f traditional tribal govern mental forms. This includes revival of traditional indigenous forms of Indian community political organizations, as well as modifications of existing tribal govern ments along traditional lines rather than “government by Bureau of Indian Affairsdominated tribal councils.” TSP began publication in June 1978 of its bimonthly newsletter. Native SelfSufficiency, to provide information on old and new technologies, alternative energy resources, gardening, small-scale farm ing, health, cooperatives, and alternative housing. It is available from TSP by writing Editor, Native Self Sufficiency, P.O. Box 1044, Guerneville, CA 95466. Subscription is $6 per year for individuals, $15 for organizations. By early spring of 1979, T SP had targeted and funded 20 projects of which 15 are clear successes. “W e don’ maintain t a strict checklist of things to which a project must comply," said Bomberry. “It’ largely the results of field visits by s m yself or a policy board member.” Bomberry said nearly 50 such on-site visits w ere made in TSP's first 18 months. “Our funding is very small. W e fund for three months at a time. W e work out time-phased objectives (with grantees) and review each phase after that time. We also do joint checking accounts with the projects under contracts which spell out agreements, limitations, and performance checks. We require monthly reports.” T SP provides m odest seed funds to selected Indian projects and amplifies it with additional funds by providing access to other foundations using the expertise of the Youth Project, as well as to churches, corporations, private donors and the federal government. “Our role with the federal government is pretty limited,” said Bomberry. “M ost of the Indian groups around the nation are on top of the federal funding picture.” Am ong TSP’ approved projects are: s D IS S E M IN A T IO N OF IN F O R M A TION: A regular news feature on applied technologies is now carried by AKW ESASNE NOTES, one of the nation’ s only tw o national Indian newspapers (the other being W ASSAJA in San Francisco, California). Based on the Mohawk Nation lands in New York, NOTES is also working with the Federation of Survival Schools (FSS) in Minneapolis, Minnesota, to prepare A Survival School Survival Book by students and staff on traditional lifeways and modern adaptations for Indian youth. The Federation has 14 m em ber schools. In Oakland, California, the Center for Investigative Reporting conducted a journalistic investigation of the Interstate Congress for Equal Rights (Continued on page 14) Tribal im m unity (Continued from page 1 ) o f Indian persons. The court responded that tribal status was not the issue, because Bottomly clearly recognized Passamaquoddies as a tribe in his suit, and in business dealings. “While appellant could have sued the tribe as an entity and its members as individuals, thus having it both ways, he did not do so,’’the court opinion said. The court opinion supports an earlier district court decision to dismiss the Bottomly suit for “want o f jurisdiction.” Bottomly had originally sued the U.S., State o f Maine, and even Bottomly’ co-counsel, s Gellers, but all these actions were dismissed on grounds of sovereign immunity, the 11th Amendment and “failure to complete service o f process.” Only the suit against the tribe was appealed, resulting in the appeals court opinion. “ We conclude,” the opinion said, “as did the court below, that appellant clearly brought suit against the tribe as an entity, and not as a collection of individuals. The Passamaquoddy Indians’ tribal status is therefore to be assumed for purposes of deciding the issue squarely raised by this suit: whether this particular tribe enjoys protection from suit by virtue of sovereign immunity.” The state declared the doctrine of sovereign immunity did not apply to Passamaquoddies, who are “merely rem nants or fragments o f once independent tribes.” But the court disagreed. Calling the state’ arguments “unpersuasive,” the ap s peals court said the state and Bottomly “fundamentally misconceive basic princi ples o f federal Indian law.” The court said Indians need not be granted explicit federal recognition and sovereign immunity, but rather, “The powers o f Indian tribes are inherent powers o f a limited sovereignty which has never [been] extinguished.” The court continued, “Our cases recog nize that the Indian tribes have not given up their full sovereignty.. .the sovereignty that the Indian tribes retain is o f a unique and limited character.” At any time, Congress could remove tribal rights, but until Congress so acts, those rights are retained by Indians, the court said. It is clear that Congress has taken no action to deprive the Passamaquoddy Indians of their inherent immunity from suit,” the court stated, adding that erosion o f time and a history o f neglect by Congress did not constitute divestiture o f tribal sovereignty. Finally, the court opinion concludes, the previous dismissal o f the Bottomly case was justified in light of the tribe’ immunity s from suit, and the Passamaquoddy tribe is The White Hoase hosted a special meeting this month of Maine Indian leaders and the Maine congressional delegation, along with federal officials, to discuss Penobscot-Passaclearly entitled to sovereign immunity. maquoddy land claims. From left, are U.S. Interior Department Solictor Leo Krulitz, Interior Secretary Cecil D. Andrus, Sen. Edmund S. Muskie, Presidential Advisor Robert Lipshutz, Rep. David F. Emery, Sen. William S. Cohen, and Rep. Olympia J. Snowe. In foreground, from left, are Passamaquoddy tribal Governors Harold Lewey and Robert Newell; tribal lawyer Thomas N. Tureen, Penobscot Gov. Wilfred Pehrson. [Photo by Allen J. Sockabasin] w Off-reservation potluck planned ORONO— Central Maine Indian As sociation (CMIA) mem bers and friends are invited to join a potluck supper, and regular board meeting, Thursday, Sept. 13, at Indian Resource Center, 95 Maine S t, Orono. The supper is set to begin at 5 p.m., and people are urged to bring a food of thenchoice. Children are welcome, according to Marta Conlin, CMIA outreach worker. If anyone has a transportation problem, call Marta at 866-5587. The current president of CMIA is Donna Loring. Township has education aide INDIAN TOWNSHIP— Stephen Newell, 26, a Passamaquoddy, has replaced Samuel Dana as director o f education and economic development for the tribe. Newell told Wabanaki Alliance he will work closely with education guidance counselor Joseph Stewart, at the Township. Newell and his wife reside in Nasonville, with their two children, Steve, three, and Jason, seven. Jason will attend school in Princeton, rather than Indian Township elementary school, his father said. The elder Newell said he prefers the non-Indian school for his son. Newell obtained a high school equivalency diploma, and attended Bangor Community College. His predecessor, Dana, is attending the University o f Maine at Orono. �Page 6 Wabanaki Alliance August 1979 G o v ern o r sig n s pardon fo r Indian se e k in g job By Bill O ’ Neal AUGUSTA— John Dana looks the same this month as he did last, but he s feeling much better. Because o f a shooting incident five years ago and a resulting assault conviction, many elected offices, jobs, and other privileges of citizenship were until last month out of Dana’ reach. s Although he served his time (he was released after 45 days because o f good behavior), and has a wife and family and a steady job, the stigma of that rash moment years earlier continued to affect his life. With the signing o f a pardon by Maine Gov. Joseph E. Brennan in late July, Dana has become a full member o f society again and at last has been allowed to forget the mistake he made. It took two meetings with the Governor’ s pardon and commutation committee, plus a fretful 10 day wait before the pardon was granted. At his first meeting, a nervous Dana arrived at the state house an hour and one half early after a 200-mile drive, only to be told he had failed to advertise his pardon request in area newspapers and, therefore, could not be granted a hearing. His second hearing went .more smoothly, with many of his friends and family coming to speak in his behalf. Albert Dana, his father, said he had seen John change a lot since the shooting incident. “Those things happen. Youngsters don’ realize how t serious it is. Since he’s been out, he s improved a great deal.” Dana said he was motivated to seek the pardon out of a desire to serve on the Pleasant Point tribal police force. To do that he needed a clean record. Ironically, he said his interest in police work developed from his associations with the police during his jail sentence. According to David Redmond, chairman of the pardon committee, decisions are based on consideration of the petitioner’ s conduct since release, the gravity o f the crime, community sentiment, and testimony o f people at the pardon hearings. He said pardons are granted to approximately one out o f every four petitioners. It looks as though the committee made the right decision in Dana’ case. When s asked what he did to celebrate when he heard of his pardon, he replied, “Nothing, I just went to work as usual,” at Young Adult Conservation Corps. 1980 census to tally Maine Indians O R O N O — Officials o f the U.S. Bureau of the Census hope to be more accurate in 1980 than they were in 1970, when Maine s Indian population was estimated at about 400 persons. Actually, the figure is probably closer to 4,000, so perhaps a zero was dropped. A preliminary explanation of the census taking was given by Richard Chin Ning, a New England area census specialist, who met recently with Central Maine Indian Association director Melvin L. Vicaire. Ning said "Maine is my responsibility,” and that Indians are one o f four minority “target groups” of the 1980 census. We want to get in touch with local community leaders to solicit their help in the census. If a local community leader says the census is important, and we need the statistics... then people will support it,” Ning said. Ning hopes to “ alleviate some fears ab^ut the census.” He said people frequently refuse to answer questions from fear of the Internal Revenue Service, or because of some previous difficulty with the law. There is no need to fear the census or any consequences o f it, and confidientiality will be respected. Ning told Vicaire. Richard Ning "An organization such as CMIA (Central Maine Indian Association) uses census statistics to document needs,” Ning pointed out. Many federal agencies, such as health and housing, rely on such statistics in awarding grants and other monies. Ning, one o f eight regional community service specialists, said $50 billion annually is appropriated on the basis of census figures. The cost o f conducting the 1980 census will be about $1 billion, he said. That figure is four times the cost o f the 1970 census. Official “census day” is April 1 1980. , The bureau will attempt to count all persons across the U.S., plus all housing units. It’ s estimated there are 222 million people in 86 million units of housing. The census is expected to be completed nine months after census day. A national temporary work force o f 280,000 persons will be hired to take and tabulate census data. In Maine, Ning explained, some Indians will be treated separately from the general population. "People on reservations are asked to fill out the initial form, but hold it till the census taker comes by.” Off-reserva tion Indians will receive forms in the same manner as non-Indians. Ning said reservation Indians will either receive a “short form” plus a supplemental form, or a "long form” only. The short form consists of 19 questions; the long form has 67 questions. In larger communities, many forms will be mailed out, and recipients will be asked to mail in completed forms. However, Maine is “very rural, and some how it’ more effective to do the census s conventionally (with a door-to-door census taker),” Ning said.' Don’ throw it away t “We really have to get the word out to our people to fill out the form. Don’ throw it in t the can,” said Vicaire, echoing Ning’ s statement that statistics are needed to justify needs and thereby receive funds from federal agencies. Vincaire said census figures are "vital now, especially because of the coming of BIA services to Maine Indians.. .we’ got ve a lot of work to do in getting the word out. because we have very little leverage to work with.” CMlA’s Micmac and Maliseet Indian Indian membership is not eligible for BIA funds or services in Maine. Vicaire said that nationally, 60 percent of Indian people live off reservation, but here in Maine it’s more like 75 percent.” He warned that if off-reservation Indians are missed in the census, they stand to lose various benefits plus their official identity as Aroostook News By Brenda Polchies Area Correspondent ARIBOU— I want to apologize to the f at the Association o f Aroostook ians in Caribou for neglecting to inform public o f the day camp coming out of t location on Water Street. A schedule is ig maintained similar to the day camp at niton. ieventeen children between the ages of =e and seven are being served with varied r camp activities such as visiting sites of ;rest, indoor activities are featured and a lunch is provided. The sessions will be three days a week, Tuesday, Wednesday. J Thursday, from 9 a.m. to 3 p.m. This np will also continue until the second ek in August. Counselors from Caribou d Houlton working with the Indian ildren are Joannie Spitzer, Eugene Saunrs. Cheryl Martin, Paula Doak. Barbara hillinger, Mary London, Tracy Trecartin, d Sally Joseph. HOULTON— On June 23, a delegation >m the Association of Aroostook Indians at Houlton and the Citizens for Youth attended a hearing before the Maine Criminal Justice Planning and Assistance Agency at Augusta. Maine, to testify in favor o f a joint project which has been submitted by the two groups for funding. A favorable confirmation has been received from that agency by the group had to appear before the full board which met on July 31, where a final decision was confirmed. SINCLAIR— Sunday August 5. Family Day activities were held at Kamp Karawq^ nee. Mud Lake, with family, friends. ar*d campers in attendence and enjoying an eas* going all day affair o f swimming, Indian dancing, games, and canoeing. Bob Bryan of the Quebec-Labrador Mission Founda tion provided a plane ride and showed a film of the two sessions of the Maine Indian Summer Camp. Bryan informed the guests and campers that this film will be presented on the Educational TV network in Maine, sometime in February 1980. Crafts done by Indian children were on display in the main lodge, and food was served at noon. MANY RETURNS — That was the happy wish for William and Celina Newell, married 58 years as of Aug. 22. The couple was presented with a special cake, and piano serenade by Marylou Paul, at a senior citizens luncheon at Indian Island. Celina received a new ring from her husband. She was especially fond of the “ sweetheart roses” in a bouquet. The Newells were married in 1921, at SL James Methodist Church in Montreal. Celina said the new ring is supposed to be “good for 58 years more.” �Wabanaki Alliance August 1979 Page 7 The trials of a tribal newspaper COMMENTARY By Vince Lovett The Navajo Times is hardly a typical tribal newspaper. A 40-page tab weekly with its own printing facility, an annual budget of almost $500,000, serving the largest Indian tribe is vastly different from the mimeo graphed newsletters o f some groups or the other smaller, less frequently published papers of other tribes. Nonetheless, the recently published story about the Navajo Times done in its special issue about the press on and around the reservation describes problems and criti cisms that would fit most tribal papers. Though there are great differences in the style and quality o f Indian publications and varied situations from reservation to reser vation, there are at least three common problems for Indian editors and staffs: • Indian newspapers are dependent on tribal chairmen and tribal governing bodies for essential financial support; • Indian newspapers are poor; • There are not enough trained, capable Indian journalists. Dependence on tribal officials If Richard Nixon had been owner and publisher o f the Washington Post, the burglary o f the Democrats’ Watergate campaign headquarters might have re mained forever an unimportant, third-rate crime story. The founding editor o f the first Indian newspaper— the Cherokee Phoenix begun 150 years ago— had problems with tribal officials. When Cherokee Editor Elias Boudinot editorialized that the tribe should consider migration to new land to get away from the surrounding settlers, the Principal Chief of the Cherokees, who was against migration, ousted him from his job. Unfortunately, this was not the end of Editor Boudinot's trouples. Some years later in Oklahoma, he was murdered by a group o f young Cherokees who were bitter over the removal to O k lahom a— and som ehow blamed him because he had suggested that migration might be considered. Editors still get fired— but rarely mur dered today. Papers, however, may be killed. Columnist Mike Royko. one o f the stars o f the recently deceased Chicago Daily News, said that paper was killed by too much courage. He said the paper’ early, consist s ent and strong promotion o f racial justice cost it— especially in the budding years of the black movement— a loss o f readers from which it could never recover. Trying to report the news about the tribal government is difficult when that govern ment provides the funds to pay the printer and his editor’ salary. Editorializing about s tribal government matters is even harder. borne tribal publications avoid issues. They print handouts from the tribal office, carry notices of local social events and meetings, report the scores o f kids’ athletic events and fill the pages with other trivia. These publications have no problems with tribal officials. They can’ be killed. They t are already dead. An Indian Newspaper should be edited by God. And He would probably get fired. To be good, a newspaper has to deal with issues, with problems and needs in the community. It should be an advocate of community causes; it should be a scold and a critic, a preacher and a 'cheerleader. It should help the community be better informed, more involved and alive. It has to be a paper for the people— which means it is not a house organ, a propaganda mill for the tribal council. How, then, does the editor o f an Indian paper handle this bomb ticking away in his office waiting to go off the first time he publishes someting the tribal chairman doesn’ like? t Gingerly. Somewhere between a crusader GETTING INTO THEIR W ORK — These Youth Conservation Corps [YCC] workers have their hands filled harvesting the beans from the Indian Island community garden. Pictured I to r are Victor Wood, Rachel Sockbeson, Lynn LaPointe, and Tina Sullivan. According to team leader, Eva Love, last year the garden was vandalized, so no time is wasted in bringing in the crops. All produce is given to the elders of the tribe. SfA official named temporary director WASHINGTON— BIA chief Forrest Ger ard has appointed Sidney L. Mills, Director of the Bureau of Indian Affairs’ Albuquer que Area, as acting deputy commissioner of Indian Affairs. In this job Mills will direct day-to-day B1A operations, until a permanent commis sioner is named. Mills replaces Martin E. Seneca, who has been the acting BIA head since October, 1978. Seneca has announced his intention to resign from the Bureau as o f September 30. He returned to his former position as director o f trust responsibilities July 30. Gerard said that he asked Mills to assume the duties as Acting Deputy Commissioner prior to Seneca’ resignation “in order to s effect an orderly transition.” He expressed appreciation to both Seneca and Mills “for their extra measure o f performance.” Mills, an enrolled member o f the Oglala Sioux Tribe, was assistant to the commis sioner o f Indian Affairs prior to his appointment in Albuquerque in March 1978. A Navy veteran. Mills, 54, entered Federal service in. 1973 in the Aberdeen, South Dakota Area Office. He was supply and contract officer and, for almost a year, acting deputy area director before transfer ring to Washington, D.C., in August 1975. and a coward there is a good place for an editor. There are a few things that can be done to ameliorate this inherently difficult situation. Editors should pray for humility, courage, and a deep love o f truth. They should try to develop in the community and among tribal officials an understanding and appreciation o f the role o f a community newspaper. Most tribal officials, it should be noted, are good people who genuinely care about the well-being o f the community. Conse quently, if they see the paper— though it stirs discussion and even criticism o f the govement— as a community asset, they may support it. Intelligent support from the people is pure gold. It usually takes some years to establish a tradition o f good joumalsim in a community. Once there, it is beautiful. Then people can disagree vehemently with the newspaper and still understand that it is doing its job. Then tribal officials need to respect the paper. Try to go beyond the middle of the road. There is frequently a tendency in situations o f this kind to exaggerate the lack of tolerance among officials. Editors impose restraints on themselves which are more severe than they need be. There is no need to seek early martyrdom, but there isn’ much t point in continuing to breathe if you can’ t live a little. Poverty of Indian Newspapers Poverty is not the worst affliction for a newspaper. As William Allen White's Emporia Gazette demonstrated, a newspa per can be poor, small and very good. And there are many atrocious wealthy papers. Some limitations caused by lack o f money can also be blessings. The need to use editorial/news space economically can lead to good, tight editing and selection o f news. Lack o f space usually means competition between local and national news— otherwise known as the “battle o f the relevant versus the significant.” The loss o f timeliness, when you can afford to publish only monthly or bi-weekly, is a hard problem. It is worse when slow mechanical processes cause a several-day lag between editing and publishing. Then you have to write or select material that will “ keep.” If you can’ be first, you have to t seek other qualities. Because they are poor, Indian newspapers need to spend the money they have wisely— trying to be a good “poor” paper. Function must be emphasized. A clean, attractive-looking product— which expen sive equipment can make possible— is certainly desirable, but the news/editorial content is what makes or breaks the paper. Spend the money on content. Cooperative efforts should be helpful. What one newspaper could not afford, maybe five or 10 or 40 could. The American Indian Press Assn. (AIPA) News Service died in 1975 in part because the Indian newspapers did not support it financially. Efforts toward reestablishing Indian press organizations and pooling resources need to be promoted. Small numbers of Indian journalists When a person takes certain courses in college and then goes through medical school, he comes out a doctor. Change the courses and routine somewhat, and people come out engineers or accountants or lawyers. Go through journalism school, though, and you come out someone-who-studiedjournalism. No one really knows what a journalist is— or how one is created. Brendan Gill, in his chronicle “ Here at the New Yorker,” described the people who staffed that famous magazine as “congeni tal unemployables.” They were immensely talented people who would have found it difficult to fit their talents into most other job situations. There is, clearly, a craft to be learned for would-be Indian journalists— either in school or on the job. Newspapers are not literature. But reporting an event, telling someone what happened demands skillful writing. It also requires perceptive “seeing and hearing” and the understanding to separate wheat from chaff. Many o f the best newspapermen have not been journalism grads. A lot o f them never made it through college. There are more Indians receiveing formal education and training, and this will help them to more easily move into newspaper work. Indian tribes and people are becom ing more aware o f the importance of communication and the media. In time, consequently, the shortage of Indian jour nalists should be ended. For immediate needs, the best tool for promoting training seminars arrd otherwise dealing with the problems would be an effective Indian press organization. EDITOR'S NOTE: Vincent J. Lovett is an information specialist since 1974 with the public Information Office o f the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) in Washington. D.C. He has also represented the BlA’ informa s tion functions at gatherings o f Indian journalists— and knows firsthand whereof he writes in this analytical essay written for Red Current. From 1971 to 1974 he worked at the top levels o f the BIA Education Division, and during this time he won a top award in 1973 from the Federal Editors’ Assn, for his publication on Indian educa tion. He has served in the Peace Corps, and worked in the field of the Catholic press. He was co-founder of the National Catholic Reporter and editor o f a diocesan newspa per in Kansas City, Mo. Congress asked to fund native cures WASHINGTON— The American Indian medicine man is making a comeback and should be given equal status with doctors in Indian Health Service Hospitals, Congress was told by John Powless, Deputy Director o f the National Indian Health Board, He made the recommendation, in testi mony before the Senate Indian Affairs Committee. The panel, chaired by Sen. John Melcher. D-Mont.. is holding hearings on the Indian Helath Service and Indian health problems in general. Powless said what he called "Traditional Medicine” has been largely ignored by the service in trying to meet Indian health needs. “ However, it has never been put aside by the Indian people.” Dr. Everett Rhoades, a Professor of Medicine at the University o f Oklahoma, testified the “major deficiencies” of the Health Service would be “readily correctable with adequate funding.” Rhoades, a Kiowa Indian, warned against taking-Indian criticism o f the service too seriously. He said "kicking” both the Health Service and the Bureau o f Indian Affairs “sometimes reaches the level o f sport by certain Indian people and groups.” "None o f them really want an abolition o f either of these organizations,” he said. Rhoades also recommended against giving tribes control o f health programs, saying, “Indian bureau crats are just as insensitive to patient needs as are non-Indian ones.” Business loans topic of workshop HOULTON— Indians interested in apply ing for federal Small Business Administra tion (SBA) loans are urged to contact a state Indian Affairs department official. Russell Socoby, director of the state Indian office in Houlton, said he wants to schedule a regular workshop next month (September) for all interested groups or individuals. The meeting will probably take place at Indian Resource Center, 95 Main St., Orono. Socoby said any kind o f business venture may be eligible for SBA aid. Socoby may be contacted by calling 532-6577. An official o f the SBA will attend the workshop, he said. �Page 8 Wabanaki Alliance August 1979 Six days down the Allagash River By Steve Cartwright ALLAGASH WILDERNESS — Some times we paddled in silence. Not really silence, because the birds, trees, and wind and waves were a constant chorus, but we ourselves were quiet. After miles o f paddling lakes and rivers, one no longer exclaims over details. On the Allagash, things have their place and purpose, and the canoeist can find a oneness with himself, the river and his com panions. We were 12 canoes, 1 men and 1 boys, and we spent six days paddling some 90 miles. We were 10 Indians and one non-Indian, me. We were o f course all very different people, and we maintained some o f those differences throughout our camping experi ence. But some of the differences dis appeared in the chemistry o f a group sharing its needs, wants and rewards. A moment arrived, a couple o f days into the trip, that I will probably never forget. We had constructed a sweat lodge out o f saplings and a tarp, plus cedar boughs to sit on. A pit had been dug for hot stones, and darkness had come. The traditional cere mony had begun. At a certain point, persons seated in a close circle said what mattered to them. One member o f our group said he was at first concerned about my presence, being non-Indian. I was shaken. What would he say next? Then he said he felt comfortable, because we shared in the spirit o f the sweat lodge and what it represents. Hearing this, I felt the warmth o f a circle, o f nature and her world through which we were traveling. Let me reassure the reader that I in no way fancied myself “playing Indian.” Instead. I seemed to see myself better; to be more direct and honest with myself and with others. We are what we are. What we are is strong and good, if we will allow these qualities to guide us. My observations are personal, but I think they apply to the philosophy of Wilderness Pursuits. This was not just an ordinary outing. We were six adults and five young Everybody on the trip had a part in planning. At this mealtime discussion, Nick Dow, left, gestures, while Barry Nelson, right, and others, hold council. Perfect place for a snooze. people (we had planned for more boys, but they dropped out before we started). Wild erness Pursuits runs courses for Indian youth that are designed to both encourage and challenge boys and girls to face their lives and problems and “take it on,” as some WP leaders say. It works. Wilderness Pursuits take young persons away from alcohol, drugs, television (the plug-in drug) and many other influ ences. Even cigarettes are forbidden for staff and enrollees alike. Paddling a canoe provides an ideal example o f the WP lesson: One has to coor dinate one’ stroke with fellow paddler, s ’make joint decisions, rely on that other ^person, use wits and skill, and overcome such formidable opponents as Chase Rapids — five miles o f rough water. Actually, what 'you or I might have to overcome is fear, doubt or anger. Learning how to deal with feelings in real situations is a vital part of WP. Not all o f the trip consists o f heavy encounters and overcoming obstacles real or imagined. There was the frisbee toss over open water, where one o f us, I don’ t remember who, gracefully jumped and caught the frisbee, but the canoe was not under him as he “landed.” The swimming was great. Our mid-July cruise down the Allagash was so hot and sometimes muggy that we would often plunge from our canoes, then clamber back in. There was a running battle over which team prepared the best meal. And the worst. We ate well, although I have an aversion to freeze-dried stuff. The coffee would curl your toenails. One memorable evening I sat alone by the canoes pulled up near our camp, and listened while an instructor drummed Indian music on a Dunkin' Donuts plastic bucket, and another man danced. Both sang. Later we watched a lightning storm, the bolts seeming very close to us, electrify ing the night sky. We paddled with the same partner the entire distance o f the trip, except for Nick Dow, WP director, who paddled his own canoe, solo, often standing up. The canoe crews o f two seemed to merge in group activities and at camp, but the two Passamaquoddy boys stayed apart. I joined them at their request, sleeping in their tent. (Continued on next page) �Six days... Wabanaki Alliance August 1979 Page 9 (Continued from preceding page) Still, perhaps we needed more time to bring all of us together in trusting relationships. I kept few notes on this trip; a combina tion o f being lazy and busy with the chores o f camping and canoeing. I did write down that we saw at close range: moose, a large owl, squirrels, two immense bullfrogs, several hawks, gulls, songbirds, loons (they laughed and laughed, and invariably ans wered our imitations), a trout, chubs, snakes and deer. I know I left something out. Was I tired? Yes, but I kept quiet about it. I got blisters on my hands from the paddle, but I kept paddling. Later the blisters became calluses, o f which I was proud. My backside got sore too, and I wrapped lifejacket and sleeping bag around the canoe seat. I certainly didn’ suffer, and t the exercise was good for me. I confess to envy for the Passamaqouddy lads. They could paddle circles around me, with me paddling as if my life depended on it. As far as I could tell, they weren’ even t sweating. I will recommend that these fellows paddle UP the Allagash next time. The fishing was lousy, although our director fished a rod and reel from the river. The weather was splendid sunshine, with a couple of evening drizzles that failed to dampen spirits. The mosquitos were seldom thick. After several days and nights, I began to feel there was no finer way to travel than by canoe, and no finer destination than the next campsite, and no finer company than Louis, Sapa, Mark, Kirk, Jim, Andrew, Pat, Barry, Everett and Nick. The trip ended, yet something intangible stays with us. Andrew Sockbeson, bow, and Barry Nelson run rapids. In their words continued... called, converse freely in Passama quoddy. Sapa is the son of Alice Lola, and was on his second W ilderness Pursuits trip. His first, to Katahdin, he didn’ like. t (“I like this one,” he said.) He has two brothers and five sisters. Sapa is reserved about his feelings, but intimated he takes pleasure in getting to know new people, and he “likes to paddle around.” Actually, Sapa and Louis w ere inseperable on the trip, and seemed to feel those not of their tribe and community were This locomotive used to haul wood between Umbazooksus and Eagle Lakes, along with a outsiders to be approached cautiously. sister engine. The massive relics of the timber industry are abandoned near Eagle Lake. Sapa said his favorite activities include Above, Wilderness Pursuits hijacks the train. From left, Ernest [Sapa] Lola, Andrew Sock game hunting, basketball and baseball. beson, Jim Sapiel, Everett Sapiel, Kirk Fields, Nick Dow, Louis Dana, Mark Ranco Pat Neither boy knew much about the Almenas, Barry Nelson. boarding school they will attend this fall. Kirk Fields, Penobscot, is 17, and has been on three or four Wilderness Pursuits courses. Going into his senior year at Old Town High School, Kirk said, ‘ m going T to go to college for sure.” Kirk lives on Indian Island, the son of Nancy Lola Nelson and Kenneth Nelson. H e has two brothers and one sister. A steady, mature person, he said, “I like this, out here, because you ge t to know people. You Paddling isn ’ always serious work. Sometimes a splash or some other prank broke the t pleasant monotony. Pat Almenas, left; Everett and Jim Sapiel. In their own words ALLAGASH W ILDERNESS — Six boys on a six day journey down the Allagash waterway naturally had differ ent points of view, but a common thread knitted their feelings together into a unity that grew with each new experience. The youngest participant was Jim Sapiel, 14, a Penobscot from Indian Island. He paddled in the security of a canoe manned by his brother Everett, a Wilderness Pursuits instructor. Jim had a quiet smile, a readiness to help out. He never lost his shyness completely, but that didn’ stop him from enjoying playing t frisbee from canoe to canoe. H e said he likes to go camping with his brothers, when not busy as an Old Town Junior High School student. He likes a 75cc Honda motorcycle. Mark Ranco, 17, is a Penobscot who lives with his aunt, Ann Pardilla, at Indian Island. A serious young man, he recalls his late grandmother, Margert Rancox. “She smartened me up a lot. No dating,” he said. He would like to play professional sports, or perhaps become a commercial artist. A John Bapst High School student, he is a fullback and halfback in football, and plays basketball and hockey. Mark said the Allagash trip was his third; “It makes you appreciate home a lot more, and thank God for what you have,” he said. The expert paddlers of the trip were two Passamaquoddy participants, and they didn’ mind demonstrating their skill. t Almost always joking and joshing were Louis Dana, 15, and Ernest (Sapa) Lola, 16. They both live at Indian Township, and have attended Calais High School. This fall they will attend Intermountain School, a Bureau of Indian Affairs boarding school. Louis isn’ ju st a good paddler. He is an t Indian dancer. His brother Martin is known for drum-making, and made wings and a tail for Louis to perform the Eagle dance. His oldest brother, Andrew is an artist. The son of Joan Dana, Louis has six brothers and three sisters. He loves to hunt and fish, and is an outfielder for the Dana Point Indians baseball team (two brothers are team members). Louis and Sapa, as he prefers to be can think a lot, and it builds up your self-esteem and confidence.” Andrew Sockbeson, A PassamaquoddyPenobscot, is 18 and lives in Bangor. He is the son of Beth and Albert Sockbeson, is a senior at John Bapst High, and will probably go to college. He said he is contemplating marine biology, and may apply to Dartmouth, University of Ver mont, or Boston University. H e joined a previous Wilderness Pursuits course, traveling by canoe from Lincoln to Old Town. An articulate, outgoing person, Andy say's that on the trip, “You meet new people. These trips, you learn.. .different things. Everybody pulls his own w eight “Just being out, having fun; it’ a new s adventure, really,” Andy said. Comment ing on a traditional sweat lodge ceremony held at one Allagash campsite, he observed that he became more aware of his Indian identity: “I think I care about it more, now that I understand it better. You understand it better when you’ ve experience^ >t ” �Page 1 0 Wabanaki Alliance August 1979 Indians should define who is Indian, educator tells NACIE panel get done. It’ the Indian people that suffer,” s she said. In the wake o f those comments, a resolution brought by NACIE member Joy Hanley. Navajo, was passed. It calls for adequate construction funds for reservation schools, so that in 5-7 years Indian children will have adequate schools. Peterson explained. “ We’ on a limited re budget but our commitment is there. We're committed to Indian education." Another Indian affiliated with Harvard testified that "the history o f New England Indians has not been told.” Claudette Bradley, a Connecticut Shagticoke. said that although small, her tribe "has never been terminated by a local government, a state government or a federal government. We havfe never abandoned our land.” A doctoral candidate at Harvard who hopes to develop an Indian math curricu lum. Bradley said that elders of the New England tribes are "bearers o f history,” and something should be done to preserve it. Bradley. 37, works with Dr. Richard McCann in the Boston regional office o f the Department o f Health, Education and Welfare. She is under contract to assess Indian needs in New England. Area tribes counselor to Indian students at University of Maine. include Penobscot and Passamaquoddy, indigenous to Maine (also Micmacs and Bradley grew up in Stratford, Ct. Her arrangement by tribal official Timothy Maliseets in Maine, originally from Can ada); Pequots, Golden Hill and Shagticoke tribe has 400 acres at Kent and is pursuing a Love. Other NACIE members at the Bangor in Connecticut; Wampanoags in Massachu land claim for an additional 1,300 acres. meeting were Earl Oxendine, Lumbee; Fred Big Jim. Alaska native; Violet Rau, Yaki setts; Abenakis in Vermont and Narragan- That claim includes grounds o f Kent School setts in Rhode Island. Bradley said there are for Boys, o f which Indian author Vine ma; Robert Swan, Chippewa; Ruby Ludwig, Oklahoma; Thomas Thompson, Blackfoot; 20.000 Indians in New England, 3,000 of Deloria is an alumnus. Patricia McGee. Yavopai; Maxine R. Edmo, Bradley praised another Indian group, which are children. the Boston Indian Council, “conceived by 12 Shoshone-Bannock; and Wayne Newell, Commenting on a Lumbee slide show at alcoholics in the South End who wanted a Passamaquoddy from Indian Township. Dr. the NACIE meeting. Bradley said. " If we Michael P. Doss. NACIE director, greeted place for Indian kids to go.” Bradley is on reflect on the film we saw, we saw Indian the BIC board o f directors. Present at the former Harvard classmates Newell and Tom kids in a classroom. But they were learning NACIE meeting was BIC director Clif Batiste, director o f Administration for leisure skills. like dancing. What about Native Americans. Saunders. Sioux, and other staff, including herbal medicine? Barbara Gentry, Wampanoag. who present “ How well do we understand culture? In ed a slide show, facts and figures, assisted by the area o f education, the white way of Vicki Howe. Micmac from Canada. "1 feel every day we’ losing Indian learning is that we must learn the three R’s. re Mary Jo Lopez, unable to attend the history." she said. The Indian way o f learning is integrated in NACIE meeting, submitted a letter describ "I have been invited to develop a resource the environment and is centered on the ing financial troubles her Mashpee (Wam data bank for Indian women. That's just elders.” Bradley said. panoag) Indian education project. Also not Indian women, but it’ a start," Peterson s “ We think that we go out into the world present, but submitting testimony, was said, adding, “ People think that Indians and understand the world after reading miles David Rudolph, o f Central Maine Indian aren't achievers, although we all know and miles o f print,” she said. Association. different.” Bradley raised questions about the role of Ruth Dial Woods, Lumbee, described Peterson also cautioned persons at the education: "Is it an acculturation process to with the aid o f slides a federally funded meeting to avoid jargon and evasive put Indians into the mainstream, or can we Indian teaching project in Lumberton, N.C. language. "Let’ get down to the nitty gritty. use it for self-determination, so that we’ be s ll Woods said under new requirements If it's dishonest, say it’ dishonest. Couch it here in 1.000 years? Are we encouraging s 8,000 Indian students may have to be in bureacratic language and itJust doesn’ them to go into acculturation or a revival?” t certified, along with 450 Indian teachers and 17 Indian administrators. This, Woods said, is burdensome and unfair. A NACIE member, John Rouillard, Claudette Bradley Sioux, disagreed. "Unfortunate though it is, Speeches included a presentation by I think it’ necessary," he said. s Edward DiCenso, Maine Indian Education Mary Brown, Narragansett. cited the success o f Indian cultural programs in superintendent. Rhode Island schools. Ross Dixon, president o f Inupiat Univer sity on Alaska’s North Slope, told NACIE members he is trying "to preserve Eskimo culture and to prepare Eskimos for the western world. You name it, we teach it,” he ORONO — An appeal ta Indian families said. is being made by Central Maine Indian When you have Penobscots 10 miles away. Association (CMIA) for foster care. I'm sure they aren’ overwhelmed by t For two years, CMIA has sought Indian ' Bangor. But Eskimos from isolated villages parents who would be willing to accept an are overwhelmed when they come to Barrow'. Indian child into their home. The results are Isolation is an extremely important part of disappointing, according to outreach worker the problems we have,” Dixon said. Linda Collinson. She said only three Indian Other problems for Dixon include the families have responded to appeals. cost o f building materials, which must be Collinson said “red tape” involved is flown in by jet. “The most important aspect minimal, and will be handled by trained o f the North Slope is not the cold, not the CMIA staff. Under foster care guidelines, a isolation, it’ the bowhead whale,” said family will receive payments for support o f a s Dixon, adding that an Eskimo told him, foster child. A Lumbee Indian, Earl Oxendine, left, brought his family from North Carolina to NACIE “ We get our identity from the bowhead Interested persons should contact Collin meeting in Bangor, and then joined Wayne Newell, second from right, at Indian Township, whale.” son or Carol Farrenkopf, at CMIA, 95 Main The full NACIE group toured the St., Orono, Maine. Telephone 207/866where Newell is head of health and social services. Oxendine’ wife, Betty, daughter, Carla, s Penobscot reservation on Indian Island with 5587. and son, Earl Jr., were with him. BANGOR— Under current federal policy, Indians will “breed themselves into a smaller pool, rather than expand and prosper.” said an Indian official o f the nation’ most prestigious college. s Frank Ryan, director o f Harvard’ Indian s graduate program, told a meeting of National Advisory Council on Indian Edu cation (NACIE). that "the federal govern ment is conscientously trying to deprive Indians o f their benefits.” Ryan discussed "what constitutes an Indian." and his or her relationship to the federal government as individual, and as tribal member. He said "defining tribal membership is a sovereign power o f the tribe. "As a matter o f international law. the United States should not muck around in Indian law anyway.” Ryan stated. He said treaties with tribes have been held to have the same status as treaties with sovereign powers. Ryan told the council— meeting in Maine for the first time ever— that he would like to see the United Nations General Assembly bring charges of genocide against the U.S., “but we can't make that known to the U.N. because our President says it’ a domestic s responsibility,” Ryan said. Ryan argued that a minimum quarterblood requirement to be eligible for federal Indian services is “blatently wrong,” and that “it’ unclear why the government would s . provide a racial classification for eligibility for services.” He said federal constitutional protection can be withheld from Indians even though they are U.S. citizens. Ryan was one o f several persons repre senting Indian groups or agencies from Maine to Alaska to testify before the NACIE panel. NACIE chairman Viola G. Peterson, a Miami Indian, said during the three days of testimony and discussion that she is concc-jned about cultural resources. Foster Indian homes sought �Wabanaki Alliance August 1979 Page 1 1 Passamaquoddy man seeks grant to build bark canoes PLEASANT POINT— Museums have them, as do a few lucky individuals. But Maine Indians do not build them anymore. The skills o f creating a birch bark canoe are slipping into oblivion. A Passamaquoddy Indian here wants to preserve not only canoe building skills, but a birch bark tradition as well. Eddie Bassett Jr., 24, who grew up in Massachusetts but now lives in a brick house at Pleasant Point, has attended otie year o f boatbuilding school and now wants to work independent ly. specializing in bark canoes. Bassett needs another year to graduate from the boatbuilding program at Washing ton County Vocational Technical Institute in Eastport. but first he wants to start the revival o f birch bark canoes. He has ap plied— through tribal Lt.Gov. Cliv Dore— for a National Endowment for the Arts grant. He is searching for any sources o f information on bark canoes that he can get his hands on.. Already. Bassett has talked with Pleasant Point resident Newell Tomah, 66, who builds model bark canoes. According to Bassett. Tomah said he was interested in teaching his own sons first. Bassett also talked with a Passamaquoddy man who gathered birch bark for Henri Vaillancourt of New Hampshire, a non-Indian who has mastered bark canoe traditions. Bassett hopes to have a couple of fellow apprentices. "It's not just me involved in this. Instead of getting into all this technology, we’d like to get back to the old ways. People could get an interest in this stuff. To me that is what’ good for people,” s he said. Obituary MATTHEW SILLIBOY HOULTON— Matthew Silliboy, a Micmac, 50, died Aug. 4, 1979, in a drowning accident at Princeton. He was born in Ederton. N.B., Feb. 22, 1929, the son o f Stephen and Mary (Phillips) Silliboy. He was a member o f St; Mary's Church. He is survived by five brothers, John of Houlton, James o f Big Cove, N.B., Joseph and Richard, both o f Littleton, Peter of Houston, Texas; one sister, Rose Polchies of Houlton; several nieces and nephews. Funeral Mass was celebrated at St. Mary’ s Church, with the Rev. John E. Bellefontaine officiating. Interment was in St. Mary’s Cemetery, Houlton. Bassett first learned about bark canoe building from Clint Tuttle, a boatbuilding school instructor. He will welcome anyone else’ advice, and can be reached through s the tribal office, or by writing to him at Pleasant Point. Building fiberglass canoes, or buying them ready-made, may be easier than attempting a birch bark canoe. Yet Bassett said he is sure he wants to build bark canoes. He talks about real “satisfaction" from learning the art, then sharing it among interested persons. "It's going to be something for everybody, and I want to get as much material as possible," he said. “ I might in the future even try to get a book together," said Bassett, son o f Edward R. Bassett o f Massachusetts, and nephew of Edward L. Bassett o f Pleasant Point. Bassett Jr. lives with a friend, and his young son Ki-Nap. which means "not afraid" in Passamaquoddy. "The name doesn’ fit him t yet,” Bassett said with a laugh. Wabanaki Corp undergoes audit ORONO— Although an expenditure of Two Penobscot youngsters dance the feather dance during the pageant at Indian Island. s money reportedly cannot be justified, a full Each of Maine’ three reservations hosted pageants, giving outsiders a glimpse of Indian audit o f Wabanaki Corporation books will culture and hospitality. present no big problems, the director says. Steve Francis, in charge o f the corpora tion, said money was spent for an allegedly improper purpose (support o f a religious organization), and that this expenditure will show in the audit. He said that he was not By Natalie S. Mitchell worried about the results o f a full organiza tion-wide audit. Such an audit has not been Although there are many opinions of calories. This does not mean by way of conducted in several years, he said. The breastfeeding; what can be more natural sweets, but preferably by way of protein. financial records o f Wabanaki Corp. were for a baby than its own mother’ milk? She should increase her protein to 4 s turned over this month to a Bangor auditor. First, it contains colostrum that is actually servings a day, eat 5 - 7 servings of fresh present before the milk is actually fruits and vegetables. There may be ommissions of certain vegetables that are produced. This substance contains vita LaPlante joins board mins and special immune substances that gas forming, such as cabbage, tomatoes, ORONO — A Penobscot, Jeannette help the baby to defend itself from many onions, etc. Since milk contains calcium, (Daigle) LaPlante of Old Town, has been diseases. Breast milk is absorbed into the protein, thiamine (B2), vitamin D, and phosphorus, the nursing mother should appointed to represent Central Maine system quicker than cow’ milk, because s Indian Association on this newspaper’ s of the natural sugar in milk called, lactose. increase her milk intake to a quart a day, board of-directors. It is also convenient to the mother because because the baby is taking in these LaPlante succeeds Teresa Sappier, who she doesn’ have to prepare formulas and essential nutrients when breast feeding. t has moved from the area to attend an Indian it isn’ expensive. Physiologically, after This can be counted as the added protein t Health Service school in New Mexico. giving birth, the uterus is stretched. intake, also. If she is worried about LaPlante is a service representative for Breastfeeding will help bring the uterus gaining weight, she should substitute Social Security, in Bangor. She joins Melvin back to it’ non-pregnant state. This skim milk or cottage cheese for whole s L. Vicaire, Central Maine Indian Associa occurs as the result of stimulation of the milk. Iron is also important during tion director, in representing CMIA on the posterior pituitary gland to produce a breastfeeding. Foods high in iron are Division o f Indian Services board. eggs, molasses, raisins, and red lean hormone called oxytocin. This hormone contracts the breast cells to let down the meats. Cereals, whole grain breads contain important B vitamins and iron and milk into the ducts, so the infant can feed have less additives contained in them than and also contracts the uterus from repeated stimulation. Lastly, there is an enriched breads and cereals. They also provide roughage that can aid to relieve emotional satisfaction for the infant and mother relationship, with the feeling of constipation. Fluid intake should include 8 - 10 cups a day. This may include milk, was director o f the Catholic Division of contentment and closeness. soups, water, coffee (in moderation) and Indian Services (DIS). He worked for DIS Nutritionally, the mother has to in from September 1973 until August 1976, crease her caloric intake to about 500 juices. and during that time published Wabanaki Alliance, predecessor o f this newspaper. Depew said he planned to sell his Orono home and return with his family to Montana, where he had previously worked CARIBOU— A total o f 59 Micmac and Camp Karawanee. The foundation was in journalism. Maliseet Indian children were enrolled this previously known as Quebec-Labrador Mis “ I’ worked for the tribes for many summer at Camp Karawanee, where an sion. ve Campers at Karawanee joined in the years. I’ enjoyed working for the Bishop, Indian program is located between Caribou ve usual activities o f games, hikes, swimming and directly for the tribes,” Depew said, and Fort Kent in Aroostook County. adding that he was ready for a change in According to camp director Ellen Mustin, and canoeing. employment. 27 children ages 12-15 attended a two and TGI was organized in 1974, so that tribes one half week session, and 42 youngsters could present a total population to be served ages eight to 11. participated in a two week New arrival at Indian Island o f at least 1.000 persons— not possible program. Nine Indian counselors worked on unless reservations were combined, and the staff, she said. off-reservation associations represented. AINDIAN ISLAND— A healthy baby boy The Karawanee program ended this long with Passamaquoddies, TGI includes month with a special field day. Parents and with a head of black hair was born July 1 , 8 representatives from Central Maine Indian guests attended, including Maine Commis to Carol Dana and Stanley Neptune o f Oak Association, and Association o f Aroostook sioner o f Indian Affairs Charles Rhynard. hill. Kwenuhwet weighed ten pounds at Indians. TGI and Indian manpower suc birth, and was 23 inches tall. The baby was Rhynard visited via plane, piloted by Bob ceeded federal Operation Mainstream pro named by Violet and Clarence Francis of Brien,‘^formerly one half o f the “ Bert grams, which existed at Maine’ three and I” comedy team, is director ot s Indian Island, who picked a Penobscot word reservations from 1962-1973. meaning "long hair.” Quebec-Labrador Foundation, which funds Nutrition Notes N ew Indian M anpow er, TGI officia ls n am ed ORONO— The top job in a joint tribal agency that funnels federal funds to Indian programs has changed hands. Former Passamaquoddy tribal governor Allen J. Sockabasin has replaced David Depew, a Montana native, as director of Indian manpower services for Tribal Gover nors Inc. (TGI), the joint tribal funding agency. Sockabasin, formerly a resident of Indian Township, has been TGI coordina tor, a newlv-created position. In other action. Pleasant Point Passama quoddy Gov. Robert Newell has been elected president o f TGI. Sockabasin. 34, recently sold his reserva tion home. He has been residing in the Bangor area. He told Wabanaki Alliance that he is considering moving his offices to a Hammond Street location in that city. TGI bankrolls several program s, including Maine Indian Transportation Association (MITa ) and Maine Indian Manpower’ , s Migrant and Seasonal Farmworkers. Depew has been Indian manpower direc tor for the past three years, and prior to that Aroostook camp serves Indian kids �Page 1 2 Wabanaki Alliance August 1979 Paper company claim questioned M1LLINOCKET— A Penobscot Indian inadvertently brought a land title test case to district court here last month. The judge ruled there is "reasonable doubt” Great Northern Paper Co. has more claim to the Debsconeag Deadwater area than does the Penobscot tribe. The ruling falls firmly in favor o f Indians, and authorities say it has significant implications in the current Penobscot-Passamaquoddv land claims case. The doubt was sparked by Ronald Fran cis— known as Sonahbeh to Indians— a Penobscot from Indian Island who was caught at Debsconeag with a campfire and no permit. A permit to build a fire is required under state statute, but Sonabeh was found not guilty. Judge Jessie H. Briggs, youngest female judge in the state and only the second woman to be appointed to the bench in Maine, said the district attorney, represent ing the state, had failed to prove the paper company had title “superior to the original title o f the Penobscot tribe.” Briggs based her decision on arguments advanced in court by Thomas N.Tureen. lawyer for the Maine tribes in the 12.5 million acre land suit. Tureen said an 1818 treaty giving land to Massachusetts (later slate o f Maine) was invalid because it violated a 1790 Non-Intercourse Act. That act says Congress must ratify all treaties with Indians; the act is the basis of Penobscot-Passamaquoddy claims to abor iginal territory. Tureen told Wabanaki Alliance the Briggs decision shows that the land in question was the “tribe’ land aboriginally,” s and that it was “taken without federal consent." He said that “what’s significant about the case is it’ the first case in which s we’ presented the facts o f the Non-Inter ve course Act.” While Tureen was elated at the outcome o f the case, state officials were reportedly distraught. The Bangor Daily News reported Atty. Gen. Richard Cohen as saying he “violently disagreed” with the decision. Tureen said Briggs’ ruling is attributable to a July Maine Supreme Court opinion supporting federal jurisdiction on Indian reservations. That ruling, stemming from an appeal by convicted arsonists Allen Sockabasin and Albert Dana o f Indian Township, set a "very important legal precedent because it overruled prior decisions of the Maine Supreme Court,” Tureen said. The Dana-Sockabasin decision "essen tially established that reservations are Indian country" and subject to federal jurisdiction under the Major Crimes Act,” Tureen explained. He said Briggs' decision on the fire permit requirement was rein Medicine man Sonabeh [Ronald Francis], relaxes in doorway of his workshop, where he does forced by the high court’s recognition of woodcarving in the company of his cat, and occasionally an apprentice worker. “ Indian country.” An ironic twist is that Sonahbeh appar ently had no notion o f testing aboriginal title at Debsconeag. He told Briggs in court that he built his campfire withqut a permit "because it was so close to shore.” Sonahbeh, 66. is a self-employed woodcarver. He has a knowledge o f traditional design and ceremonial practices. WASHINGTON— Extinguishment of all their work. Through their patience, past Narragansett Indian claims in Rhode leadership and commitment, they have Island has been announced by the Interior achieved something which has so far escaped other affected eastern seaboard Department. Under term s of the Rhode Island Indian states— the out of court settlement of an Claims Settlement Act, the Narragansett Indian land claim.” Indians will receive 1,800 acres of land in The Indians filed suit in 1975 for 3200 Charlestown, Rhode Island, in return for acres of land in Charlestown which it claimed had passed out of tribal ownership took County districts received federal funds the relinquishment of all their land claims. The Act, which President Carter signed in 1880 in violation of the Trade and for Indian pupils. Intercourse Act of 1790. That law says into law on Septem ber 30, 1978, imple Also receiving funds were Indian Island ments a settlement negotiated by the that conveyances of Indian land are elementary school, $12,784; Beatrice Raffer ty school at Pleasant Point, $18,818; and Narragansett Indians, the State of Rhode invalid unless approved by the Federal Indian Tow nship elementary school, Island, private landowners and the town government. An Indian-controlled corporation will get council. $14,727. “The parties'to this settlem ent are to be 900 acres of land from the state and will DiCenso said the federal funds constitute continuing support o f Maine programs. He congratulated,” said Secretary Andrus. buy another 900 acres in private owner said any school with some Indian enrollment “Governor J. Joseph Garrahy, the Narra ship with $3.5 million the Federal in the state is eligible to apply for the funds. gansett leaders, the Rhode Island General government -will provide. In return, the There are reportedly about 800 Indian Assembly, the state’ congessional dele agreement authorized the extinguishment s students in the state, o f which 445 attend gation, the town council and private of all Narragansett claims in Rhode reservation schools. landowners can all feel justifiably proud of Island. O ld N arragan sett claim s ex tin gu ish ed S ch ools g e t grant to teach Indian h erita ge CALAIS— The federal Education office has awarded $56,658 for Indian students in Maine schools, but one area of Maine was left out. Caribou, where many Indian families reside, was apparently late in applying for funds, and at press time had not been allocated funds. However, Maine Indian Education Supt. Edward DiCenso said there is still hope the Caribou area will receive funds. Houlton's District 29 was awarded $10,329 this year. Formerly, seven Aroos State hires ex-Nixon lawyer for claims suit AUGUSTA — The man who defended disgraced former President Richard M. Nixon has been retained by the state to defend Maine in the event the 12.5 million acre Penobscot-Passamaquoddy land claim goes to court. James St. Clair, Nixon’ defense lawyer s during the Watergate scandal, recently represented the town o f Mashpee, Mass., in a case where Wampanoag Indians failed to s win tribal recognition as a prerequisite to ^bringing a land claim in Mashpee. St. Clair’ retention by the state was s announced at press time by state Atty. Gen. - Richard S. Cohen. Cohen said St. Clair will . not be involved in efforts to achieve a negotiated out-of-court settlement, current ly under review by the Maine Congressional delegation. Cohen made no public mention o f wddely BUMPS ON A LOG — These Indian Island kids and some visitors find a common vantage known lawyer Edward Bennett Williams, who was retained by former Gov. James B. point to view the Pageant at Indian Island. Longley in connection with Indian claims. In april 1978, Wabanaki Alliance reported that Longley was allegedly advised by Williams not to fight the Indian claim in court — advice that Longley apparently did not wish to hear. St. Clair, like Williams, is an expensive lawyer, with a fee that may be several hundred dollars per hour. Last year, the attorney general sought $200,000 from the Legislature, to hire lawyers for the land claims case. Cohen would not reveal St. Clair’ fee. s Thomas N. Tureen, lawyer for the tribes, said in a public radio interview that the state has long been aware that Indians will take their claims to court, if a negotiated settle ment cannot be reached. He said a current settlement plan “is the last chance for Maine to get out o f it free,” while at the same time benefiting from an “economic stimulus” in the form of a cash award to the tribes. �Wabanaki Alliance August 1979 Micmac musician has has varied repertoire Joe plays rock, classical, folk and Indian music, although, he said, “I don’ know t how to read it that much.” He has six sisters and this season, the family is raking blueberries in Maine. Joe’ grand s father, age 73, plays concertina. Joe has played music since age seven. Cremo will gleefully joke and brag about his career, but is actually a m odest man. “It’ hard to build a name," he said, s adding that he “might be champion at certain styles,” but he shied from the title of champion fiddler. Vincent Joe, a versatile man on keyboard. (Continued from page 1 ) variety. He clearly enjoyed the crowd at Bar Harbor. “Som e people ask me, why I don’ smile t in front of them, on the TV set and everything. Well, it’ because I used to s play hockey, and I kissed a puck going about 150 miles per hour,” Cremo says. “I was going to be a p riest Just once,” he said. Cremo has lived a life similar to many Micmacs. H e com posed Eskasoni Break down while picking potatoes in Aroostook County. He estimates he knows hundreds of tunes, although he only began to learn how to read music three years ago. He has played fiddle since childhood — “music is in my blood" — grow ing up at Chapel Island, Nova Scotia, in a family of 12 children. “If the people enjoy what I’ doing, it’ m s worth more than money,” said Cremo, a school bus driver and service station worker who has an Irish wife and a son, 3, and daughter, 7. “If there w ere 25 hours in a day I could use them," he commented, as he boarded his deluxe van with Joe, to head home to Eskasoni for a reservation dance. Flames level house INDIAN TOWNSHIP— A small, vacant wooden dwelling was burned flat, recently, at Peter Dana Point on the Passamaquoddy reservation. The small house was formerly occupied by John Tomah, according to tribal public safety director George W. Mitchell. Tomah now lives at senior citizens housing, Mitchell said. The old house had been a storage area near the tribe’ ballfield. The fire was s apparently a case o f arson. There were no injuries reported. Sioux tribe wins $100 million claim WASHINGTON— The 60,000 member Sioux Nation has been awarded more than $100 million by the U.S. Court o f Claims as compensation for land confiscated by the U.S. Government over a century ago. In a 5-2 ruling, the Court said the Sioux were entitled to $17.5 million, fair market value for the Black Hills o f South Dakota when they were illegally seized in 1877, plus 5 percent annual interest. Total settlement could reach $132.5 million. The decision can be appealed to the U.S. Supreme Court. Lee Cremo, Micmac fiddler extraordinary. Vincent Joe says simply that Cremo wins every fiddle contest he enters. Cremo plays on two violins. “One of them, the new one I have, took the man 22 years to make it.” It comes from Amsterdam. The other is German, with steel strings, and “sounds like a tin can compared to the good one.” Seasonal job program explained Court upholds 50-50 fishing rights for Indians By Vince Lovett The U.S. Supreme Court recently upheld Judge George Boldt’s 1974 decision that Washington Indian tribes were entitled by treaty to half the harvest o f fish in the Indians’ usual and accustomed fishing places. The court modified the Boldt ruling by requiring all fish caught by the Indians, including those caught for ceremonial and subsistence purposes, to count against their fifty percent. The court also supported Boldt’s actions to enforce his ruling when state officials were either unwilling or unable to enforce his orders. The opinion, written by Justice Stevens, stated: “The Federal court unquestionably has the power to enter the various orders that state official and private parties have chosen to ignore, and even to displace local enforcement of those orders if necessary to remedy the violations of Federal law bound by the court.” Interior Assistant Secretary Forrest Gerard, commenting on the decision, made the point that, "Judge Boldt’ initial s decision was not a ‘ gift’ or a ‘ special grant’ to the tribes . . . His decision was based on the treaties that the tribes had entered into as equal partners with the United States Government.. . the tribes made substantial concessions, including surrender o f control o f vast areas o f land, in return for retention o f their ‘ right o f taking fish at usual and accustomed grounds and stations . . . in common with all citizens o f the Territory.’ ” The following excerpts are from the syllabus prepared by the Reporter o f Deci sions and released with the opinion pre pared by Justice Stevens and the dissent written by Justice Powell. “The language o f the treaties securing a ‘ right of taking fish ... in common with all citizens o f the Territory’ was not intended merely to guarantee the Indians access to usual and accustomed fishing sites and an ‘ equal opportunity' for individual Indians, along with non-Indians, to try to catch fish, but instead secures to the Indian tribes a right to harvest a share o f each run of anadromous fish that passes through tribal fishing areas . . . An equitable measure of the common right to take fish should PRESQUE ISLE— The Aroostook Coun ty Action Program, Inc., says that recent changes in CETA guidelines will enable more Aroostook youth to participate in the ACAP Migrant and Seasonal Farmworker Youth Program. The ACAP youth program, funded through the Penobscot Employment and Training Administration, provides career alternatives for seasonal farmworkers by offering training and jobs to disadvantaged youth. Participants will receive training and paid experience at public or private non-profit worksites. In addition, enrollees will be offered job counseling and testing, career information, basic and remedial education, and occupational and training referral services. Eligibility guidelines for ACAP Migrant and Seasonal Farmworker Youth Program are: (I) the applicant must be between 16 and 21 years old; (2)the applicant must be a high school junior, senior, or dropout; (3) the applicant or any family member must have worked at least 25 days OR earned at least $400 during any consecutive 12 month period over the past 24 months in farm related work, such as potato, pea, hay, blueberry and/or apple harvesting. Time spent performing soil preparation services, including fertilizer application, plowing, planting, and spraying crops may also be counted; (4) at least half o f the family’ s earned income during any 12 consecutive months of the past 24 months must have been from agricultural earnings; and (5) the applicant must have been economically disadvantaged according to CETA guide lines concerning family size and income during the selected 12 consecutive months of the past 24 months. Interested individuals may apply for the ACAP Migrant and Seasonal Farmworker Youth Program. initially divide the harvestable portion of each run that passes through a ‘ usual and accustomed’place into approximately equal treaty and nontreaty shares . . . the District Court erred in excluding fish taken by the Indians on their reservations from their share o f the runs, and in excluding fish caught for the Indians’ ceremonial and sub sistence needs. “If the spirit of cooperation motivating the State Attorney General’ representation s to this Court that definitive resolution o f the basic federal question of construction o f the treaties will allow state compliance with federal court orders is not confirmed by the conduct o f state officials, the District Court has the power to undertake the necessary remedial steps and to enlist the aid of appropriate federal law enforcement agents in carrying out those steps.” However, some Washington, D.C. attor neys involved in Indian affairs have ex pressed concern about the Supreme Court’ s recent ruling on the Boldt decision. On the surface, the ruling seemed a victory for the Indian tribes, but certain language in the opinion has created doubts. The problem is that while the Court supported Boldt’ fiftys fifty apportionment as an “equitable mea sure” o f treaty and non-treaty shares, it qualifies this by adding that the treaty share should then be reduced “if tribal needs may be satisfied by a lesser amount." The opinion subsequently states: “Ac cordingly, while the maximum possible allo cation to the Indians is fixed at 50 percent, the minimum is not; the latter will, upon proper submissions to the District Court, be modified in response to changing circum stances.” A footnote to this statement asserts that, “Because the 50 percent figure is only a ceiling, it is not correct to characterize our holding ‘ guaranteeing as the Indians a specified percentage’ o f the fish" as Justice Powell had said in the dissenting opinion. What criteria will be used to determine the Indian tribal needs for fish and who will make the determina tion o f Indian needs? One lawyer predicted that these questions will bring the issue back to another Supreme Court. Passamaquoddies take diving course PLEASANT POINT— Five young men at the reservation here participated this month in a condensed diving course entitled, underwater collecting techniques, Enrolled were Dale Mitchell, Reginald Stanley, Martin Francis, Donnell Dana and Robert Murphy. The course is worth one academic credit, and was co-sponsored by Suffolk University Marine Science Institute at Cobscook Bay, and University o f Maine at Machias, according to Veronica Moore of the Pleasant Point BIA education office. One participant, Stanley, has worked in the tribal aquaculture program, and may use his new skills in gathering oysters. The diving course was taught by Gerald Comeau. Longest Walk baby is one year old BOSTON — He is only one year old, but Amassiliget (“longest walk” in Maliseet) seem s to be a proud Indian. He celebrated his birthday July 20, at Boston Indian Council. A t one point, Amassiliget Pim oset (“one who walks” in , Penobscot) Francis McDonald started banging on a drum, Indian style. He did so to the delight of his mother, Carla Francis, a secretary at BIC. Last summer she joined the Longest Walk rally for Indian rights, in Washington, D.C. Amassiliget was born unexpectedly at an Indian campground near the capital. He was born in a bus, after eight hours labor. Says Carla, “Som e day he will know where he was born, and that will mean a lot to Amassiliget. He is so proud of his Indian culture and knowing he is Indian." Carla is the daughter of Harold Francis and Lorraine Polchies Francis of Maine. She is Maliseet-Penobscot “Amassiliget noticed the trees moving one day. He laughed and reached for them. It made me think of when he was Carla Francis and Amassiliget. born... the experience was so spiritual; and it was the best gift I ever received. It was meant to be, Carla said. �Page 1 4 Wabanaki Alliance August 1979 Exploring aspects of tribal sovereignty (Continued from page 5 ) lodges, roundhouses, and other traditional ways of healing. TRADITIONAL GOVERNMENT: The prime project in this category is the work of the Lakota Treaty Council, comprised of Oglala Sioux “chiefs and headmen" on South Dakota’ Pine Ridge Reservation, s site of the 1973 occupation of Wounded Knee Village. A hotbed of contention b e tw e en trad ition al and m od ern ist factions, the reservation is the second largest of America’ Indian reservations. s Aims of the Project include restoration of the traditional Sioux form of government in place of the Indian Reorganization Act government approved by the Interior Department, and control of the sacred Black Hills. Clearly the most controversial of T SP’ approved projects, it has not, s AWAY GAME — The Pleasant Point Passamaquoddy women’s softball team visited Klngshowever, widened factional differences, clear Maliseet Reserve, in New Brunswick, recently, during the Kingsclear annual pageant. stated Bomberry. “There’ a new spirit of s cooperation there. The siting of three [Photo by Allen J. Sockabasin] VISTA volunteers required the consent of the Tribal Council and they gave that consent.” Bomberry said the possibility of new uranium development in the Black J . several years legislation has been introduced Hills and high public controversies MINNEAPOLIS, Minn. — An education which would abrogate or amend legislation group here has stated its opposition to in between tribes and the state of the that specifically benefits ^ndian people. The cluding Bureau o f Indian Affairs (BIA) “piecemealing” of jurisdiction over coun original legislation was based on tne Gov education programs in a proposed federal ties overlapping the reservation drew the ernment to Government relation that tribes A G R IC U L TU R A L P R O D U C T IO N : Department o f Education. various factions together after the Lakota established with the U.S. verified by the Four Navajo communities in Arizona A letter to Congressmen from Stuart Treaty Council accurately spotlighted the signing o f treaties. These treaties provided un(Jer the leadership of the Cameron Tonemah, president of National Indian issues. land, safe passage, and peace to the U.S.” chapter have begun a Farm Training Education Association, said merging BIA “But,” added Bomberry, “the policy Center with T SP assistance as an board has made it clear we would support programs with a new department ‘‘ could AIM leader freed ;perimental arid agricultural project to seriously jeopardize" educational reforms local people in disagreement with local develop an economy that is “environmen proposed in recent legislation. “ Funding of tribal governments if we believed it was SIOUX FALLS, S.D.— Russell Means, a tally benign and adapted to traditional the programs would be confused, and juris leader in the American Indian Movement Navajo culture.” A 100-acre family farm the right thing to do. W e get very moral diction questions regarding responsibilities and say we made the right decision based (AIM), has been released from a South homestead is being established with solar, for provision services would be confused, Dakota prison where he served a year’ time wind, and bioconversion energy, farming on the evidence given to us, that the s he said. people seeking the project represent a for a 1975 riot conviction. Means will Tonemah warns that a switch o f BIA in alfalfa, mixed crops and orchards, and significant proportion of people in the reportedly work for a lock manufacturing education might be a prelude to dissolving new technological means for the care of (rural reservation) districts." firm o f which he owns ten percent. He the entire bureau. He said he is worried crops and livestock. As a result of its In addition to the three VISTA returned to Pine Ridge. about Congress’ intentions: “Over the past initial success, the Navajo Tribe’ Depart s volunteers working with the Lakota ment of Labor recently granted the Treaty Council, others of the 13 assigned Center a $435,000 contract to accomplish to work with TSP projects are located its goals. In Michigan, the Native with the California Indian Land Acquis American Resource Council— an Iroquois ition Project on the Tule River Reserva group— attempted to establish a selftion (3), the Northern Cheyenne Land sufficient agricultural community commit Project at Lame Deer, Montana (3), in ted to traditional Iroquois values and New York with (3) and at TSP’ California s religion. The project foundered, however, headquarters (1) as editor of Native Selfbecause of difficulties in legal rehabilita Sufficiency. tion of aboriginal territory. The operating and grants budget of ALTERNATE LAND USE: The North TSP ran about $65,000 in its first year, ern Cheyenne Land Project at Lame according to T SP’ annual report. s Deer, Montana, with TSP assistance, is And where from here? attempting to find alternatives to strip Said Bomberry: “Because of increasing mining of coal for their estimated 23 Indian energy development— and the billion tons of strippable coal. Tribal beginnings of small-scale developments referenda have rejected stripmining and such as solar energy on Indian areas— the tribal government won a major energy and mining issues requests (for victory when its reservation air quality approved projects) are the most frequent standard was designated Class I — the w e’ encountering.” re highest quality pristine air. The Project is T SP’ success rate— 12 of 14 projects s conducting an economic analysis of the since 1979— gives the Tribal Sovereignty land in which the tribe has an interest, Program its own high marks for recogni with alternatives for tribal income. An tion of issues and response. economic plan detailing those alternative [Reprinted with permission from The . land uses is being developed with the TSP Exchange, Vol. 2, No. S, a publication o f grant. Phelps-Stokes Fund, Washington, D. C. ] LIFESTYLE: An Iroquois Midwife Project is underway at The Farm, BIA man appointed Tennessee to train eight Iroquois women in traditional Iroquois birthing practices WASHINGTON — Walter R. Mills, an by older women who have experience in Oglala Sioux, has been appointed superin 'these methods. The trained midwives will tendent of the Colorado River Agency at provide free services to 15 Iroquois Parker, Arizona, the Bureau o f Indian communities in New York, Wisconsin, Affairs has announced. TEDDY BEAR was the affectionate name for Theodore Bear Mitchell, a Penobscot, who Mills, 43, has been an Indian Self-Deter Ontario and Quebec. To date, the women died about six years ago at age 82. A former tribal governor, lieutenant governor, and have delivered 24 babies. Matching funds mination specialist in the Phoenix area tribal policeman, he lived all his life on Indian Island, and played baseball noth Joey office the past two years. He formerly served for this Project w ere provided by Women Neptune. Mitchell and Neptune w ere proteges of Louis Sockalrxis, after whom the in Rural Development and the United as administrative manager of the Phoenix Cleveland Indians were named. Both Mitchell and Neptune were summoned to tryouts Indian School and, earlier, o f the Hopi Methodist Church. In Arbuckle, Californ for the Chicago White Sox. Teddy Bear was a guide for many autumn hunters, and he agency at Kearns Canyon, Arizona. He ia, a group of California Indian tradition worked many years at Old Town Canoe Co. He was skilled with birch bark, and spoke began his career with BIA in 1971 as an in alists secured a contract to conduct both Passamaquoddy and Penobscot. The six surviving children (he and wife Mildred structor at the Southwestern Indian Poly training in Indian healing practices McKenny had ten] are Hilda Gray of Scarborough; Ted, John and Matthew of Indian technic Institute at Albuquerque, New including the use of herbs and medicines, Island; George W. of Indian Township; and Gerry of Columbus, Miss. There are Mexico. and the construction and use of sweat s grandchildren and gTeat grandchildren, [Photo courtesy of Denise Mitchell) numerous e Indian group opposes BIA education change and Responsibilities (ICERR), a national publicly anti-Indian organization head quartered in Winner, South Dakota. The results of this investigation were publish ed through the Pacific New Service. The Youth Project’ western office and TSP s jointly published the fuller findings. INDIAN LAND CLAIMS: By far the largest of TSP’ approved Indian projects s are those on Indian land claims in California, Nevada and New Mexico. In California, the legal issues and claims of the state’ landless tribes are being s conducted by the California Indian Land Acquisition Project, Pit River Land Project, and Yurok Research and Infor mation Center. In Nevada, the objectives of the W estern Shoshone Land Project are to educate Shoshone tribal members on questions of Indian land title and its return including possible negotiations for the settlement of a long-standing dispute. In New Mexico, the Santa Ana Pueblo near Albuquerque launched efforts with TSP’ support, to reclaim lands lost under s the 1937 Taylor Grazing Act which resulted in the signing last fall „ f , . ,ation b President Carter returning acres ^ the northern blo. �advertisements W H Y SHOULD I JOIN THE PEACE CORPS? Opportunity. For yourself, as well as others. ® Tw o yea rs d e b t-fre e . A ll exp enses a re p a id fo r you, in c lu d in g housing, m e dical, d e n ta l, subsistence, and in surance costs. • A bonus. A t th e end o f tw o yea rs in service, you w ill re ceive $3,000 as a re a d ju s tm e n t a llo w a n c e . • Status. W hen you fin is h Peace Corps s e rvice you w ill re ce ive one ye a r's p re fe rre d status fo r fe d e ra l jobs. M a ny p ro fe ss io n a ls be gan th e ir in te rn a tio n a l careers w ith s im ila r v o lu n te e r assign m en ts. Find o u t to d a y w h a t o p p o rtu n itie s a w a it you in th e Peace Corps. Call c o lle c t o r w rite : Peace Corps, 1405-M John M cC orm ack POUCH, Boston, M A 02109. Wahanaki Alliance August 1979 Indian travel group elects members PHOENIX, Arizona — The American Indian Travel Commission elected its new members to the board o f directors at its third annual convention here. The current directors o f the nine-member board are: President, Terry Combs, Western Cherokee, Oklahoma; Vice President, Ken Smith. Wasco, Oregon; Secretary. Gary Young, Yakima, Washington; Treasurer, Leo Vocu, Ogala Sioux, South Dakota; Cornelius Abrams, Seneca, New York; Matthew Nicolai, Eskimo. Alaska; Hotel/ Motel specialist, Carl Nelson, Colorado; tourism specialist, Deane Ford, Arizona; and campground specialist, Charles Damon, Navajo, Arizona. American Indian Travel Commission is a non-profit, national organization funded by Bureau o f Indian Affairs to provide technical support to American Indian/Alas ka native owned or operated tourism enterprises and to promote “ Indian Country, U.S.A.” AITC unanimously adopted three resolu tions at its first board meeting to request special AITC support from the BIA for operations in Alaska; to oppose weekend gasoline rationing and special restrictions on gasoline use; and oppose the OM B’ s decision to demise the Indian Assistance Program to the National Park Service which has served American Indians in land planning and development in areas adjacent to national parks and monuments. In September, 1979 AITC will distribute the first publication o f an American Indian (617) 223-7366. Ext. 4. : DVERDISEMENDS A PCACE 'AN AD HEALTH EDUCATOR— Responsibil ities: to plan and execute, within the Penobscot Indian community, structured activities and programs which motivate people to adopt healthful lifestyles, make informed choices about personal health, and effectively utilize the health care system; to coordinate education and training oppor tunities for the staff o f the department; and to edit a monthly newsletter. This is a key position with a community health agency which is committed to education and prevention as major strategies for the improvement of the health o f the people it serves. Submit resume and current refrences to: Director, Department o f Health and Social Services, Penobscot Indian Nation. Box 561, Old Town, Maine 04468. FARRELL’ PASSAMAQUODDY S DENTAL LAB Now Open for Business We Handle All Removable Denture Work, including repairs (18 years experience) For appointment call 853-4363 EVENINGS Mike and Alvera Farrell Pleasant Point Perry, Maine VCCOSOCCCOOCOCCCCOCOOOCOCOSOOC Wabanaki Alliance, Maine’ only s Indian newpaper, now offers advertising at reasonable rates, with preference given to Indian persons and Indian businesses. Take advantage of an opportunity to reach about 2,500 readers — most o f them Indian persons — through a display advertisement of your choice. Call or write us for rates and other information. WABANAKI ALLIANCE 95 Main St. Orono, Maine 04473 Tel. [207] 866-4903 Travel Planner Guide which will include comprehensive descriptions of some 300 Indian owned or operated facilities. Copies will be no cost to travel agencies, wholesalers and operators. Two BIA directors named WASHINGTON — Bureau o f Indian Affairs has named two assitant area directors for community services and for economic-development in its Phoenix office, according to Commissioner Martin Seneca. LaFollette R. Butler, a Cherokee who has been Seneca's assistant since October 1978. will be assistant area director for community services. His appointment was effective July 1.* His reporting date, however, will be dependent on his release from his Washing ton assignment. William P. Ragsdale, superintendent at the Uintah & Ouray Agency at Ft. Duchesne, Utah, will be assistant area director for economic development effective July 1 . Do you have a drinking problem? Wabanaki Corporation offers an alco holism program lor Indian people who need help because ol problems with alcohol. If you have such a pioblent u> . need • help, or know ol si.uh one in nee-se contact the Alcoholism < •Tinsel- • Indian Township — Alcoholism Coun selors — Martha Barstis — Bernard Stevens — 207-796-2321. Association o f Aroostook Indians — Alcoholism Counselors — Pious Perley — Harriet Perley — 207-762-3571. Pleasant Point — Alcoholism Counse lors — Grace Roderick — Angelina Robichaud — 207-853-2537. Central Maine Indian Association — Alcoholism Counselor — Alfred Dana — 207-269-2653 or 207-866-5577. VETERANS ADMINISTRATION 1= t Equal Housing OPPORTUNITY Throughout The State Minimum Cash Down Payment Financing Available Through V.A. 30 Year Loans — No Closing Costs 9V4% Interest. Anyone Can Buy You Don't Have To Be A Veteran See Your Local Real Estate Broker Or Contact VETERANS ADMINISTRATION LOAN GUARANTY DIVISION TOGUS, MAINE 04330 Tel. 207-623-8411 Ext. 433 x ccosoa cooooc U b s c r i e -ur eomnumity or area. Indian Island — Alcoholism Counselors — Clarence Francis — Rosalie Murphy — 207-866-5577.. °ooaS Owned Homes For Sale Page 15 write oept.74 items to choose. GREY OWL Indian Craft Manufacturing Co. 150-02 Beaver Road,'Jamaica, N.Y. �Page 1 6 Wabanaki Alliance August 1979 New building to house Penobscot museum Flashback photo INDIAN ISLAND— Ground has been cleared for construction here of a Penobscot tribal building to include an early childhood program, administrative offices, and a cultural and historical museum. Two 97-foot wings will flank a 40-foot long midsection, in a “C” shaped wooden log-type building, that could be completed by next summer. “The first priority is getting the shell up,” said Tribal Administrator Andrew Akins. "The second priority is getting the wing up and open for our early childhood programs. Accused murderer assaulted by inmates BANGOR— The accused murderer of an Indian Island man was himself beaten recently, at Penobscot County Jail. The beating of William A. Holmes, 22, was apparently provoked by other inmates, sympathetic to the deceased Adrian Loring, 29, a Penobscot Indian. Holmes was taken to Bangor Mental Health Institute for his own safety, after treatment for bruises. MALISEET MEMORIES— Along the Mohawk Trail in Massachusetts, in this 1925 scene in front of an Indian store, were from left, Andrew Tomah, Sarah Tomah and baby, Theresa Paul, Nelly Paul Tomah, and Louis Sappier |on porch]. In foreground, the children are Wanita Tomah, left, and Joan Tomah. Any Alliance readers recognize these names? We’d like to hear from you. Photos submitted as “flashbacks” will be handled carefully and returned promptly to their owners. news notes BIA refuses new Red Lake treasurer RED LAKE. Minn.— The dismissal of tribal treasurer, Stephanie Hanson, has been declared a violation o f the Red Lake tribal constitution and the Indian Civil Rights Act, by Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) ^regional director Edwin Demery. Hanson’ firing led to weeks o f violence and s destruction on the reservation. Based on guidelines issued by Interior Assistant Secretary Forrest Gerard, Demery has refused to release BIA funds to acting tribal treasurer, Hollis Littlecreek, terming Littlecreek’ appointment "ineffective.” s Demery informed tribal council chairman Roger Jourdain that BIA still recognized Mitchell accepts fishery position WELLSBORO, Pa.— A Penobscot Indian has joined the staff o f Asaph's National Fishery Research and Development Labor atory. He is Christopher B. Mitchell, son of Penobscot Lt. Gov. Edwin and Sadie Mitchell of Indian Island. A former employee at Craig Brook hatchery in East Orland, Mitchell later worked at Tunison Laboratory. Cortland, N.Y. Mitchell is a graduate o f Old Town High and the University of Maine at Orono with a degree in biology. At Asaph, he will investigate habits o f cool water species, such as pike, tiger muskies and salmon. Micmac, Maliseef named to committee ORONO — For the first time. Central Maine Indian Association is represented on the Maine Indian Scholarship Committee. Appointed this month to represent CMIA on the committee were Bridget Woodward of Bangor, a Micmac Indian, and Mary Teresa Paul o f Clifton, a Maliseet Indian. Woodward, who serves on the board of directors o f CMIA, is a former outreach worker for the Orono-based agency. Hanson "as the duly-elected tribal treasurer and will deal with any request for release of funds accordingly." Hanson's husband, Harry, was one o f five tribal members convicted in July o f conspir acy and assault, as leaders o f the takeover of the tribal jail. When his bond was revoked and he was jailed in late July, further gunfire erupted, aimed at BIA police. Tribe gets Canyon acreage WASHINGTON— The Interior Depart ment says a land use plan and a draft environmental impact statement for the addition o f land to the Havasupai Indian Reservation are now available. The Depart ment also announced that public hearings on the land use plan will be held in September. The Grand Canyon National Park En largement Act of 1975 restored to the tribe 185,000 acres o f land on the rim o f the canyon and also designated another 95,000 acres within the Park as a permanent traditional use area of the tribe. This land had been used for about 1.000 years by the Havasupai until about a century ago when land for their reservation was limited to 519 acres at the bottom o f the canyon. Western tribes hire Iranian energy expert Holmes pleaded innocent, Aug. 10, to a charge o f manslaughter. That charge was reduced from a murder charge. Holmes’ plea includes “innocent by reason o f mental disease and defect.” He was being held at Bangor Mental Health institute. Hamilfon-Bartlett w e d INDIAN ISLAND — Doreen C. Hamilton became the bride o f Robert R. Bartlett, in marriage rites Aug. 25, at Indian Island Baptist Church. The Rev. Donald Daigle o f Indian Island married the couple, and a reception followed at the Baptist Church Hall. The bride is an assistant cook at the tribal community building; the groom is director o f recreation for the Penobscots. Both of them attended Old Town High School, and will reside at Indian Island. Flower girls were Onawa Hamilton and Greta Neptune, daughters o f the bride, and ushers were Gregory Neptune, a son o f the bride, and Kirk Francis. Another son, Gary, lives in Bangor. The bride was given away by Gary Neptune Sr. Maid o f honor was Donna Francis; Miles Francis was best man. Doreen is the daughter o f Josephine Ranco Neptune and Melvin Neptune o f East Machias; Robert is the son o f Mr. and Mrs. Arthur Bartlett Sr. of Old Town. Poetry If I Had Known [In memory of David S. Tomer] If I had known what trouble you were bearing. What griefs were in the silence o f your face, I would have been more gentle, and more caring. And tried to give you gladness for a space. I would have brought more warmth into the place. If I had known. If I had known what thoughts despairing drew you, — (Why do we never try to understand?) The Council of Energy Resources I would have lent a little more friendship Tribes (CERT) has turned to the Middle to you. East for expertise, hiring Iran’ former ’And slipped my hand within your hand. s Deputy Minister for Finance and Oil, And made your stay more pleasant in the according to a report in the New York land. Times. "The American Indians are in a If I had known. position comparable to the one the OPEC Mary Carolyn Davies countries w ere in in 1968,” said Ahmed Kooros in a recent interview in CERT’ s This poem was submitted to this newspaper Denver office. One of the functions of Mr. by Gina Newman o f Southwest Harbor, in Kooros will be to arrange financing and memory o f David Tomer, a Penobscot who marketing for various tribal projects to drowned May 17. develop ability to mine and/or develop their own energy resources. The early childhood wing we’ hoping to re have open by early September,” he said. The early childhood program has been conducted in cramped conditions at the Indian Island elementary school, by Laura Massey, a Penobscot. “The office space may be ready sometime after the first of the year. The museum section may not be open until spring or summer,” Akins said, adding tht the tribe is working on a very tight budget. “We’ re going to try to get it completed on about $38,000 (not counting cost o f basic struc ture).” Recently, a group o f interested tribal members formed Penobscot National His torical Society, which will be incorporated as a non-profit organization. Akins said the office space in the new building will probably be occupied by James Sappier, and staff, in charge o f the tribe’ s real estate and demography department, and by a natural resources department, currently being handled by Akins and Timothy Love, another tribal official. No funds from the U.S. Bureau o f Indian Affairs (BIA) are involved in construction of the building, Akins said. The money will come from education and other tribal budgets, he said. Editor O'Neal wed in riverside rite BUCKSPORT— William B. O’ Neal III, associate editor of Wabanaki Alliance, was married to Anthea R. Goodfellow, in an outdoor ceremony Sunday, July 29, at home. The festive wedding featured music provided by The Northern Border Cale donia bagpipe band, performed on the banks of the Penobscot River, where ceremony, party, and buffet dinner took place. O ’ Neal and his bride w ere joined in matrimony by a member of the band, the Rev. Tony Burkhardt. The party was attended by about 40 friends and relatives, including parents of the groom, and the bride’ son by a s previous marriage, Ian Craven. A student at Maine Maritime Academy, Ian cele brated both the wedding and his 19th birthday. The newlyweds honeymooned this month in Nova Scotia, where they planned to visit both a Scottish music school, and Indian communities. the Alone Chamber— Cries In My Mind I came to my chamber to escape, the sights and sounds o f war My mind like a camera drew a picture, the crudest picture you ever saw When mankind’ journey exceeds the echo, s he reaches his destiny before his time And the things that disturb the picture, I can’ escape the cries in my mind t Tho' I’ tried to pretend it’ just a dream, ve s created by an unknown season But, the facts are true, in their screams, Mankind is past his reason The voices o f children hurry by, and shades o f time cross my eyes I turn on my electric lamp for comfort, but still can’ escape their cries t With pencil and pad I captured these moments, tho’I am in misery o f what I’ found ve But the things that improve the picture. I’ built dties deep under ground ve Y et... .1 pretend it’ just a dream, created s by an unknown season But, the fact is true, in their Screams, Mankind is past his reason. Richard Tompkins Indian Township � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <em>Wabanaki Alliance</em> (August 1979) Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Indian Resource Center Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1979-08 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Donald Soctomah Julia Brush Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Document Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource pdf Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DV-406 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Passamaquoddy Cultural Museum Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Steve Cartwright. Used with permission.