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                    <text>"THE ORIGIN OF THE FIREBALL GAME”

Wampanoags, especially Mashpee Wampanoags have traditionally!
played fireball for years upon years.

The origin of this "game"

came from an ancient medicine person who diagnosed the need for
courageous energy, which the patient lacked. This Pow Wow or
medicine

person burned tobacco and prayed for healers' instructions.

The answer came through a ball of fire.

The instructions were to

gather the bravest men and women of the community.

Once gathered

they were told of their ability to create a marvelous medicine.
Each were to paint themselves as if to war on a deadly enemy.
The enemy being the disease within a beloved member of their tribe.
The Pow Wow made a leather ball and soaked it in whale oil.

When

the warriors returned painted, bringing with them their families
all were divided into two teams. A chant was taught for the spectators.
The chant called the diseased spirit ordering it to leave the village
forever.

The warriors were told to kick and throw the fireball as

they would our Indian football, this time playing for a life.

Once the

ball was lit the Pow Wow blessed the warriors and warned them that any
show of fear or cowardice could kill the patient.

Each player then

dedicated their courage and strength to the patient. A signal was
called out and the ceremony began.
While today this "game" is often played for sport, it is a
ceremony of powerful medicine.

Any person on the field can dedicate

his or her fearlessness and energy to someone ill.
The fireball game is always exciting to watch.

We can be

proud of our warriors who are brave enough to face the fireball.
If you know someone who is seriously ill, you can ask a player to
dedicate their energy.

It is considered proper to offer a gift

when asking for medicine of any kind.
I give my greetings and thanks to those generations of special
people who have continued our fireball ceremony.
NOSAPOCKET.......

R a m o n a L.

Peters

�</text>
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                  <text>Wampanoag</text>
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                  <text>Traditional Wampanoag territory encompasses a wide swath of southern New England--much of what is now southeastern Massachusetts, including Martha's Vineyard and Nantucket. Today, there are two federally recognized communities: one at Mashpee, Cape Cod; the other at Aquinnah (Gay Head), Martha's Vineyard. Wampanoag people were among the first indigenous people regionally to begin writing and published a Wampanoag-language bible as early as 1663--a text that has been useful in contemporary language revival efforts. Wampanoag people have also been devoted writers of their own history, as evidenced by the detailed timelines that appear even on the official tribal websites. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Resources&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://mashpeewampanoagtribe.com/" target="_blank"&gt;Mashpee&lt;/a&gt; Wampanoag Tribe&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.wampanoagtribe.net/Pages/index" target="_blank"&gt;Wampanoag Tribe of Gay Head&lt;/a&gt; (Aquinnah)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.wlrp.org/" target="_blank"&gt;Wopanaak Language Reclamation Project&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>"The Origin of the Fireball Game" (1988/89) by Ramona Peters</text>
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                <text>Wampanoag artist Ramona Peters wrote this piece for a flyer distributed at the Mashpee powwow in 1988 and 1989. Powwow flyers have been an important source of Mashpee Wampanoag writing and self-representation. This piece, signed "Nosapocket," speaks to the antiquity of the fireball game and to its continued existence. Peters addresses a dual audience of Mashpee Wampanoag people and non-Native visitors to the powwow. &#13;
&#13;
Fireball is a healing ceremony, intensely beautiful and spiritual as it is performed and observed. The fireball itself was once made of deerskin; in modern times it is made of cotton sheeting inside of chicken wire soaked in clean motor oil for one year.  When the players enter the field they have already done a prayer, for example for a sick community member.  The fireball ceremony is not supposed to be photographed. &#13;
&#13;
Ramona Peters is an artist, a community leader, spiritual leader and current Tribal Historic Preservation Officer.  </text>
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                <text>Peters, Ramona</text>
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                <text>Indigenous Resources Collaborative&#13;
Siobhan Senier</text>
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                <text>Ramona Peters. Used with permission.</text>
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                <text>English</text>
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                <text>&lt;em&gt;Mashpee Wampanoag People of the First Light Annual Pow-Wow&lt;/em&gt;, July 1-3, 1989</text>
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                <text>1988-89</text>
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                <text>June 2016</text>
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                <text>DV-350</text>
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                    <text>D ugout Canoe Trip to Martha's Vineyard
Linda Coombs, Associate Director, Wampanoag Indian Program

ushop was a Wampanoag man of the earliest ancient
tijjies. Our history tells us he was a giant who created
Elizabeth Islands, Marthas Vineyard and
Nantucket, among other areas. At a point too far back
to fathom, he brought his people to Aquinnah on the
island of Noepe (Marthas Vineyard) to live. It was a
peaceful place and very abundant. To feed his family,
he caught whales with his bare hands, dashed them
against the clay cliffs of Aquinnah, forever staining
some of the clay red. At times when heavy fogs engulf
the Cape and Islands, Maushop is known to be smok­
ing his pipe.
While Maushop, being a giant, could easily step from
the Cape to island to island, the rest of the People of
our size used dugout canoes. These boats were made of
the logs of white pine, oak, or chestnut and were hol­
lowed out with fire, and then the charred wood scraped
away. The Wampanoag people were excellent naviga­
tors and regularly traveled from many points on the
mainland to the Cape and all the islands in what is now
Vineyard Sound.
Traveling the rivers and lakes as well as the ocean in the
dugouts had been done for many thousands of years.
Canoeing and travel by foot were the main forms of
transportation and had always been. We don’t know
when the making and use of dugout canoes began to
decline, but like many other indigenous ways, it was a
gradual decline. When it finally stopped, we don’t real­
6

ly know. One educated guess might be by the 18th cen­
tury as Wampanoag men became prominent as
whalers. It could be that for 200 years, Wampanoag
people did not make or use dugout canoes until well
into the 20th century. Around 1980, two Mashpee
Wampanoag women paddled a dugout of their making
down the Nemasket River, which is known as the
“Wampanoag Canoe Trail.”
That is also about the time that the Wampanoag
Indian Program (WIP) began making canoes. For
more than 20 years, canoes have been back on the Eel
River in Plymouth. Every spring and every fall a canoe
has been created on and launched from the banks of
the river. They have been plied back and forth to the
delight of the visitors and enjoyment of staff (some­
times far more than the allotted 10 minutes off site).
They have been raced during Strawberry
Thanksgiving, where some have won, some have sunk
(those non-staff novices), and some have just gone
around in circles. Some have even participated in a
cross-cultural endeavor performed by the local gradu­
ating class in their apparently annual ritual of releasing
one of the boats to the freedom of the river currents.
So the dugouts live once again. To paddle on the Eel
River Pond, however, is one thing. To do what our
ancestors did and travel from the mainland out to the
islands is another thing completely. To do what has
not been done in 200 years is an awesome and pro­
found undertaking.

�For more than
2 0 years, canoes
have been back
on the Eel
River in
Plymouth.
Every spring
and every fa ll a
The trip to Marthas Vineyard is something that WIP
staff had been hoping to do for five years before it actu­
ally came to happen, and we had several reasons for
wanting to undertake this crossing. Traditional
Wampanoag territory includes Marthas Vineyard,
Nantucket, and the Elizabeth Islands, with part of the
western border being at Narragansett Bay Prior to
European contact and for many years after, people trav­
eled all these waters on well-known routes. They were
completely familiar with the tides and currents, rips
and shoals, seasons and weather patterns. The trip last
August was to acknowledge the navigational prowess of
our ancestors; to celebrate our traditional way of life
which we understand to be viable and sustainable; and
to remind us of our connection to our ancestors, the
earth and waters, and our responsibility to them.

Homesite. The larger is 28 feet long and made of tulip
poplar, and the other 20 feet and of white pine.

The trip is something we feel was meant to happen
when it did. It was not something that was in our
budget, so we got the go-ahead to fundraise for it. This
process, however, did not begin until March. That was
very late considering our time frame: for the trip in
August we wanted to begin weekly canoe practices in
April. A very generous contribution from our friend
and long-time supporter, Mrs. Susan Jackson, Trustee
and Chair of the Wampanoag Advisory Committee,
enabled us to begin. The Mohegan Tribe of
Connecticut also granted us a donation, and to them
both we are extremely grateful. Participation in this
project was voluntary, but we wanted to reciprocate
everyone’s interest and dedication. As practices were
It was a trip of very historic import as it happened with­ usually from 5:30 - 7:30, we provided a healthy snack
in the ancestral Wampanoag homeland, and with beforehand so people wouldn’ have to ply the waters
t
Wampanoag people from several tribes: Aquinnah, on an empty stomach. Everyone also received a dinner
Mashpee, and Manomet (Herring Pond). Other staff and mileage allowance. Most people traveled long dis­
and community members of other nations joined us as tances to attend practices, coming from the Cape, New
well, including Micmac, Narragansett, and Pequot. The Bedford, and southern Rhode Island.
trip was made with two canoes made at Hobbamock’
s

canoe has been
created on and
launched from
the banks o f the
river.

7

�The mishoons arrive at
Tashmoo on M artha’
s
Vineyard after only one
hour a n d 4 5 minutes.

Those
participating
had to
be ready to
handle any
number o f
conditions:
wind, rain,
waves,
currents.

In organizing the trip, WIP staff worked with a team of
consultants. An Aquinnah tribal member, Brian
“Chip” Vanderhoop, assisted in locating the departure
and landing points. Chip owns a charter fishing boat
service, Conomo Charters, and was also one of our
guide boats during the crossing. Earl Mills, Jr.,
Mashpee Wampanoag, assisted in training staff in han­
dling a boat in open waters. He is an experienced
ocean-canoer, having canoed over the Bay of Fundy
and down the coast to Boston. The Maritime Artisans
of Plimoth Plantation assisted us with the transporta­
tion of the dugouts to and from the points of depar­
ture, and with navigational aspects as well.

August 17 was fast approaching, and excitement was
very high. That particular date was chosen to coordi­
nate with the annual presentation by the Aquinnah
Wampanoag of the “Legends of Maushop,” which is
also referred to as the Pageant. The history portrayed in
the Pageant is that of the Aquinnah Wampanoag, and
is acted out in pantomime to the narration of the sto­
ries. The plan for the day was as follows: meet guide
boats or be at beach in Falmouth (depending on which
boat one was traveling in) at 6:00 am; make the cross­
ing to Tashmoo, which was estimated to take 4 to 5
hours; get transported by guide boat or van up to
Lobsterville Beach in Aquinnah for a traditional clam­
bake; attend or participate in the Pageant that evening.

As it always does, 6:00 am rolled around pretty fast. We
awoke to a very overcast morning, but no rain and no
wind. Those going on the guide boats waited for them
We very graciously were offered a second guide boat at the docks in Falmouth Harbor, and watched them
owned by Vernon Welch of Aquinnah, husband of materialize out of pea soup fog. From that point we
Aquinnah tribal member Berta Welch, Overseer and went over to the beach where the dugouts were to leave
member of the Wampanoag Committee. Both guide from. They were already in the water, and participants,
boats served to carry staff, a nurse, photographers, and dressed in traditional deerskin clothing, were making
their own preparations. Quite a sizeable crowd had
videographers from PAC-TV.
gathered on the beach to see boats make their historic
The weekly practices did begin in April, rain or shine. launch. They watched until guide boats and canoes
We only cancelled a couple of times because of weather. both disappeared into the fog, six men and one woman
Those participating had to be ready to handle any in the larger canoe and three men in the smaller.
number of conditions: wind, rain, waves, currents. The
two canoes were moored down by Mayflower II, and at At first we were concerned about the fog because it was
first, practices took place around the harbor. Soon the so thick. However, it turned out to be a blessing
boats were headed out toward Clarks Island, which is because it provided a cover against the sun beating
five miles offshore. Going out there and back became down, which it was trying very hard to do in the mid­
dle of the ocean. The water could not have been calmer,
the usual destination of the practices.
save for the wakes of a few other boats we passed. It was
It was finally decided that the dugouts would leave from a mystical scene to see canoes and paddlers silhouetted
Falmouth just below the lighthouse and go across to in the fog now glowing with a golden hue from the rays
Tashmoo, below Tisbury on the Island. This is a five of the morning sun. The Woods Hole — Marthas
mile straight shot, and the shortest distance between Vineyard ferry went by somewhat closely, providing
two points. Mrs. Jackson came through for us once the challenge of a large wake and a mystical experience
again, as it happens that relatives of hers live on the of a different kind. But then the fog lifted and before
beach near the lighthouse. They graciously offered to let long we could see the beach at Tashmoo. You should
us leave from the beach in front of their house, as well have seen the faces of the people whose homes are right
as to come there for some practices. As it turned out, there when canoes and swimmers pulled up on the
only one practice the week before the crossing took beach, everyone in breechcloths and all manner of
17th-century dress. I think they had a mystical experiplace in Falmouth, although more had been wanted.

�Those of us who arrived by canoe and guide boat actu­ As dusk drops into night, “Maushop” gathers his people
ally beat the rest of the WIP staff who had come over over by a path through the woods that leads to the stage.
on the ferry and were coming up-island by van. The The singers walk down the hill amidst a great feeling of
canoe crossing had only taken 1 hour and 45 minutes. anticipation and go up on the stage behind a large
As stated earlier, conditions were absolutely perfect. It painted mural of the clay cliffs. The only light is from
was a trip meant to happen. A circle completed. By the fire burning brightly in front of the wetu, and the
now the sun was fully out and the fog completely gone, moon and stars shining from above. The only sound is
and it was very hot, so everyone went swimming while from the surf and the summer night crickets. There is
waiting for the van with the rest of our folks.
always a feeling of peacefulness out there. There is a feeling of softness and balminess and timelessness. It feels as
Some went by van and some stayed right on the guide if couldnt have been much different way back when
boats to ride over to Aquinnah, which was 45 minutes Maushop actually was there. As the narrator begins to
away by water. Upon arrival in Lobsterville many speak, Maushop’ people come through a path in the
s
pitched in with preparations for the clambake, went woods, carrying torches to light their way. It is quite a
swimming, went to check out their hotel accommoda­ stunning sight to see them moving through the trees in
tions, or just rested. And finally the chowder was ready! the dark under the clear starlit sky.
And then finally the bake itself was done and ready to
be served! If no one felt like moving after paddling over The Pageant is such that it holds the audience mes­
there, they really didn’t after that meal! Talk about merized, if only for its short hour. It marked the end of
working up an appetite.
a long but extremely rewarding day. It was indeed a day

'

f

.

9:
m
J•

.

M

.

4

I

?

$

By then it was getting close to sunset, and we all head­
ed up to the Aquinnah Tribal Building. It was time to
get ready for the Pageant. Many of the Aquinnah peo­
ple were already there getting dressed. When everyone
was ready - regalia on, hair combed and braided, lost
moccasins found or quickly replaced, props all set to go
- we ran through the songs and dances to be done in
the Pageant to get everyone warmed up. Behind the
building is a natural amphitheatre with a stage built of
earth and held in front by small boulders. There is a
small wetu built on the stage. The stage is surrounded
by the woods, and the audience sits on the hill that
comes down from

of mending the hoop. As a matter of fact, almost as
soon as the dugouts landed, people were already saying
“What are we going to do next year?” Someone else
said “Next time we should do a womens trip!” And I’
ve
heard that more than once now. Well, folks, it won’t be
this year for a trip. Once again, it was not able to go
into the budget; and fundraising last minute on top of
other responsibilities is more than a bit overwhelming.
But we can plan for a little farther in the future. And
we can always start practicing now anyway, get those
biceps in shape. Well, Wamp ladies, what do you say?
- meet you at the harbor?

left: Paddling was still
hard work even though
there was no w in d a n d
the water was calm.

right: The mishoons
prepare to launch fror
the beach below the
Falmouth lighthouse.

The only sound
is from the
su rf and the
summer night
crickets.
There is always
a feeling o f
peacefulness
out there.

�</text>
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                  <text>Traditional Wampanoag territory encompasses a wide swath of southern New England--much of what is now southeastern Massachusetts, including Martha's Vineyard and Nantucket. Today, there are two federally recognized communities: one at Mashpee, Cape Cod; the other at Aquinnah (Gay Head), Martha's Vineyard. Wampanoag people were among the first indigenous people regionally to begin writing and published a Wampanoag-language bible as early as 1663--a text that has been useful in contemporary language revival efforts. Wampanoag people have also been devoted writers of their own history, as evidenced by the detailed timelines that appear even on the official tribal websites. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Resources&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://mashpeewampanoagtribe.com/" target="_blank"&gt;Mashpee&lt;/a&gt; Wampanoag Tribe&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.wampanoagtribe.net/Pages/index" target="_blank"&gt;Wampanoag Tribe of Gay Head&lt;/a&gt; (Aquinnah)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.wlrp.org/" target="_blank"&gt;Wopanaak Language Reclamation Project&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>"Maushop Brings His People Home" (2003) by Linda Coombs</text>
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                <text>An account of a dugout canoe trip from the mainland to Aquinnah, launched by Plimoth Plantation's Wampanoag Indian Program.</text>
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                <text>&lt;em&gt;Plimoth Life &lt;/em&gt;2.1 (2003): 6-9</text>
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                <text>Indigenous Resources Collaborative&#13;
Siobhan Senier</text>
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                <text>Plimoth Plantation and Linda Coombs. Used with permission.</text>
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                    <text>WELCOME TO MASHPEE - LAND OP THE WAMPANOAGS
Once again we gather here on Wampanoag land to cele­
brate the coming together and sharing of our heritage with
our sisters and brothers from neighboring tribes and from
tribes throughout the land.
MASHPEE WAMPANOAG INDIANS
For the "People of the First Light," the Annual Powwow
is a time for meeting old and new friends, strengthening the
ties of our Native American heritage, passing on knowledge
from our elders to our youth, and a time to thank the Great
Spirit for letting us come together.
The Powwow gives Native Americans a chance to show unity
and to share traditional and contemporary talents with those
who join us on this occasion.
This is also an occasion for remembering events that have
come to pass over the past 300 years. Our ancestors welcomed
the Europeans to these shores, taught them to survive, and
suffered for their kindness. We, their descendants, are still
fighting for recognition of what is rightfully ours.
Not only is this a time for remembering, but it is also
a time for giving thanks to the many people who have supported
Wampanoag concerns over the past years. We thank those who
want to learn more about Native Americans and who support our
customs and traditions that we strive to keep alive. We thank
all who are celebrating with the People of the First Light at
this Annual Powwow.
Ho!
Peace,

President, Mashpee Wampanoag
Indian Tribal Council, Inc.
Director, Title IV, Part A,
Mashpee Public School,
Indian Education Program.

�</text>
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                  <text>Traditional Wampanoag territory encompasses a wide swath of southern New England--much of what is now southeastern Massachusetts, including Martha's Vineyard and Nantucket. Today, there are two federally recognized communities: one at Mashpee, Cape Cod; the other at Aquinnah (Gay Head), Martha's Vineyard. Wampanoag people were among the first indigenous people regionally to begin writing and published a Wampanoag-language bible as early as 1663--a text that has been useful in contemporary language revival efforts. Wampanoag people have also been devoted writers of their own history, as evidenced by the detailed timelines that appear even on the official tribal websites. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Resources&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://mashpeewampanoagtribe.com/" target="_blank"&gt;Mashpee&lt;/a&gt; Wampanoag Tribe&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.wampanoagtribe.net/Pages/index" target="_blank"&gt;Wampanoag Tribe of Gay Head&lt;/a&gt; (Aquinnah)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.wlrp.org/" target="_blank"&gt;Wopanaak Language Reclamation Project&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>Indigenous Resources Collaborative&#13;
Siobhan Senier</text>
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                <text>Joan Tavares Avant. Used with permission.</text>
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                <text>Avant wrote this piece while she was President of the Mashpee Wampanoag Tribal Council and Director of Mashpee's Indian Education Program, and published it in the tribe's annual powwow flyer. The Mashpee powwow flyers have been an important source of Wampanoag writing and self-representation, as they address both Wampanoag people and non-Native visitors to the powwow.</text>
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                  <text>The Narragansett Indian Tribe has inhabited what is now the state of Rhode Island for over 30,000 years.  Federally recognized in 1983, the tribe is now headquartered in Charlestown.&#13;
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To learn more about Narragansett history and people, visit the tribal website at narragansett-tribe.org, as well as the Tomaquag Indian Memorial Museum in Exeter, RI.</text>
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                <text>"Letter" (1959) by Chief Little Wolf (Mi'kmaq) to Princess Red Wing</text>
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                <text>Tomaquag Museum, Princess Red Wing Papers&#13;
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                <text>Tomaquag Museum. Used with permission.</text>
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                <text>In this letter, Little Wolf (writing from Roxbury, MA) wishes Red Wing a happy Thanksgiving and consoles her on the death of White Oak.  He praises her museum and also references the Dovecrest Restaurant, on the same premises.</text>
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                  <text>The Narragansett Indian Tribe has inhabited what is now the state of Rhode Island for over 30,000 years.  Federally recognized in 1983, the tribe is now headquartered in Charlestown.&#13;
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&#13;
    Fellow – Native Americans ——&#13;
&#13;
    In numbers there is force, for good or evil. Together we stand, divided we fall. The Native American has fell to his present state because of lack of unity, ambition &amp; education.&#13;
&#13;
    So 1000’s have left the rank &amp; file of Indianhood and proceeded to live, as Jew &amp; Gentile. But he has not dragged his brother, cousin or family along with him, as did the Jew and the Italian.&#13;
&#13;
    These Jews did not loose their religion or way of life; but improved upon it. Let us do likewise; for the Native American has given more to this present civilization, than it ever gave back to him.&#13;
&#13;
    This civilization does not belong to the white man,—it belongs to all races who have fought, worked &amp; struggled to advance it. Education, medical science, mining of ores, conservation of natural resources, inventions of modern equipment, building of high structures, every field of endeavor, our race and all other races have had a part in them.&#13;
&#13;
    Let’s go back a 1000 years before the Arabs had zero, the Indians had found zero. They had the new calculation which they are teaching in the schools to-day. Before Rome ever built the great Apian Way, of which history speaks, the Natives of South America built a great 4 lane highway. The whole Roman road could be place into one lane of this road, which is still being used, and yet history never mentioned it.&#13;
&#13;
    Before the Spanish arrived the Natives had refined gold, had gold filled teeth &amp; tooth brushes.&#13;
&#13;
    The first League of Nations for Peace was formed by the Iroquois. For 100 years before the Revolutionary War, New England, New York, Del, Penn, Maryland and the Virginians were under the protection of this League of Nations for Peace. And when the 13 little colonies fought for independence, from the old world, they never would have won, if it had not been for our forefathers.&#13;
&#13;
    And after the war, they formed their government after the government of the League of Nations of the Iroquois.&#13;
&#13;
    Please don’t think the white man gave to the world, reading, writing, and arithmatic,—that came first from the dark man of Africa, who also gave first use of rubber and coffee.&#13;
&#13;
    Doctors &amp; pharmatists to-day use the same herbs, plants and minerals, for the same cures, for which my ancestors used them. Of course to-day, they have developed them into pills, powders &amp; syrups. The pale face was wise. He took from every other race, that which was good and developed it for his own benefit.&#13;
&#13;
    While our forefathers were pushed westward, herded on to reservations; in most cases the barron &amp; useless lands. For generations we have been stailmated.&#13;
&#13;
    Let us today, learn our history, and take our credit; hold on to our Indianhood and grab from every other race, that which is good for OUR benefit.&#13;
&#13;
    Let us get into government, education, professions and skilled labors. Advance our arts, crafts and languages. Remember the faith of our fathers.&#13;
&#13;
    Let us unity, both Native Men and Women,—rise up and take for our coming generations all that we need for a better life for all.&#13;
&#13;
    Let us use our God-given talents for the up-lift of our race. Let us not waste them on civilized vices.&#13;
&#13;
    Let us climb above them. let us get into the “fields that need cultivation.” Let us create more schools for bi-cultural education for Indian youth. Let us write our own history for the future. We must have more Indian doctors, lawyers, teachers, nurses, business men &amp; women, machanics for our benefit. We need more Indian cultural centers in every community &amp; state.&#13;
&#13;
    We must have more Indian children centers managed by Indians. We must have good strong hardworking, far-reaching Indian Organizations in all communities, but all co-operating with each other and helping one another.&#13;
&#13;
    We must work to create an Indian Bureau by Indians and for Indians; we must learn manipulate government, and learn to write proposals to get money for needed programs and projects.&#13;
&#13;
    We must learn how to put pressure on our officials to gain their support. We must exert ourselves, not only for our sakes but for our children &amp; their children.&#13;
&#13;
    I believe the native Women’s Council have made a good start along these lines; and hope all Native men will harken to them and put their shoulders to the tasks your women have so nobley begun.&#13;
&#13;
    Use the little we have left and the Great Spirit will again smile on his red children and give them dominion of greater things&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
    Princess Red Wing has spoken&#13;
&#13;
    I thank you.&#13;
&#13;
    Cowunckinus&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
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              <name>Title</name>
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                  <text>Narragansett</text>
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                  <text>The Narragansett Indian Tribe has inhabited what is now the state of Rhode Island for over 30,000 years.  Federally recognized in 1983, the tribe is now headquartered in Charlestown.&#13;
&#13;
In addition to many historic deeds and letters, Narragansett people produced what is probably the first tribal magazine in New England, The Narragansett Dawn, from 1935-36.  Today, Narragansett writers include the award-winning journalist John Christian Hopkins, also an inventive novelist; the poet Ella (Brown) Sekatau; and storyteller/author Paulla Dove Jennings.&#13;
&#13;
To learn more about Narragansett history and people, visit the tribal website at narragansett-tribe.org, as well as the Tomaquag Indian Memorial Museum in Exeter, RI.</text>
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                <text>"Song" by Princess Red Wing</text>
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            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Is this the Rhode Island state song (the tune?)</text>
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                <text>Princess Red Wing</text>
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                <text>Unknown</text>
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            <name>Contributor</name>
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                <text>Tomaquag Museum, Princess Red Wing Papers</text>
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            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
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                <text>Tomaquag Museum. Used with permission. </text>
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            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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                <text>English</text>
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                <text>pdf</text>
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