14 10 189 https://www.dawnlandvoices.org/collections/files/original/69d17d27b8c69317ba6b4afda3184942.pdf 62e767e166b65f3a6b3f4a0524620320 PDF Text Text TE w V OLUME 1, NUMB�R MAY 10 AL�'INDI AN SCHOOLS OK 1 d; 1967 CURTI S ASKS A ID Maine I ndian reserv ation schools were cleared dednesday of suspi cion that they v iolate the federal desegregation laws, and G ov . Curtis immedia tely asked for more money to improv e them. , The decision by the U.S. Office of Education aftar an on site inspect­ ion and study in F eb ruary was reported by telephone to E dLcati on Co�wi ssioner William T. Logan Jr. , who rai sed the question in the first place. Logan said he didn't,nake a com plaint but rai sed the question to av oid the possib ili ty of loss of all f ederal education aid in case a v iolation �ere-determined later. The federal inspectors f ound other fa ults with the school s but no civ il rights v iolation. They said a +etter giv ing detail s of their findings and recommendations wa s mailed Tuesda y. Curtis sent a note to Sen. Richard N . Berry, R-Ca�e El izabeth, chair­ man of the Appropria tions Co mmittee, asking him to include all three reserva­ tion schools in b udget proposal s still being co nsidered by the cow�ittee ."I'm v ery happy that the question o f whether Mai ne was v iolating e..ny civ il rights laws has been cleared up, 11 Curtis said. '"Now thc..t the matter is sett­ >. led, I hope the legislature will do a s much as it can to prov i de for more ed­ ucational f acilities f or the reserv ations. '' �he decision wa s reported only a short time after Curtis-completed a breakfast conf erenpe with the gov erno rs of the Indian reserv ations and I ndian A f f airs Coamissioner Edward C. Hinckley, all of whom were jubilant about the civ il rights clearance. G ov . John Stev ens of Feter Dana Point, G ov . ·J o seph o. !·!itche11· o f Pleasadt Point and Gov . Jo hn-l:. Mitchell Sr. o� I ndia n I sla nd, Old Torn, attended. Curt�s said the meeting s�t up guidelines f or exploratio n of federal programs that migbt a id the approxima�ely 1,200 I ndians on the reserv ati ons and Boo in the genera l �opulation. Clyde Bartlett, directo r of the Of fice o f E conomic Opportunity, will meet with f ederal official s of sev eral agencies to try to dev elop welfare and j ob oppo rtunities. Logan said he \1a s told o f the federal decision 'Uy '£heron Johnson, attorney for tI1e O ffice of E qua l Education Opportnni ties in tl1e U.s. Of fice o f· E ducation. Sin ce 1830, the Roman Catholic Sisters of i'iercy h2.v e run fhe reserva­ tion schools g·iying iJo th religious and secul ar education. For t�1e past two years, the schools hav e been under the stip_rv ision of LoGan's department. Under the 1964 Civ il Rights A ct, states which do not c;,fr ord equa l and that means reacially (Fd.c) integrated - op11ortunities can lose all f ederal education grants. Since the rese1·va ti on l)Upil s At·e aJ �10st all Indians , togan w::in r�.arf11 l that a t:cchn i en l v.i o l :it-inn "i' the civil rights �ct might �xil';t. (r.ont.:i n11cd on Page 2) . · • I �(Schools OK1d, continued from page 1) (2) He said the Indian families are free to send t}eir childr�n to regul­ ar public schools if they wish, but that doesn't necessarily satisfy federal l aw. So he raised the question now settled by the federal office� Logan said he will no0 oppose a bill scheduled to transfer the for hearing Thursday, Indian J ffairs Depart,;-.ent, reservation schools to the intend­ ed to avoid risking other Education Department funds. Before the federal inspection last winter Logan said there is no ques­ tion but �h2t better education could be afforded in public schools than in the one-room schools on the reservations. tional and religious problems'' But, he said ti�eJ.�e are involved in such a move. three ne rv classrooL1s each in Eas.tport, Old Perry and 11 cultural, emo­ Also it would re�uire Tmm to handle the extra children. Most Pas a�aquoddy children attend school on their two reservations To attend hit;h �hool they ilould 11 through tl1e eight grade. public schools and few do so, he s&id. ve tu tre1.nsfer to The Fe 1obscot Indian Island reserva­ tion educates its children through the.· f.ifUJ:, �de d then tl•ey transfer to Old Town public schools. Indian leaders were indignant over the idea of such a change. John Mitchell of the Penobscot tribe called it "a slap in the lenged the face'' Gov. and chal­ federal government 's authority to order it on the 0round that the Penobscots are an independent nation. (Fro� the Press Herald, 4/20/67) PENOBSCOT AIRhAN V IS ITS TO"i/N, riE. -Sgt. OLD Sgt. in the Air For11osa, .lliILE ON Ll=.AVE Paul Ranco returned to his hor.ie on Indian Island after a nine year absence, having been leave on the HOME rith the Air Force. He Sjent his Island visiting friends and relati es. v Ranco is currently stationed in Force for 12 .Jashington, yeclrs.Re has been stationed in Japan, and Viet Nam). D.C., h�ving been the Far East (Korea, lie has also toured the South Pacific. ie is a iileteorologist. M.F.w.c. CHAMPION INDIAN The Chairman oi the Department of eration of Vfo.µ1en's Clubs, Mrs. CAUSE. Indian Affairs for the Maine Fed­ Oscar R. Wyman, related to the Newsletter, the various activities of the club for the Indians. There are seven to eight thousand women.represented in the organization, and Mrs. spea.r-headed the A young y�an had following projects. Indian student was able to cofilplete this year $381.50. provided $100.00 lege in Bangor with funds of The J�nior Clubs to pay t Husson Col­ for tutoring and personal things for an Indian girl at Washingto-n &tate- Gol>lege. · Ot!ier liloneys and gifts and liters of encoura?._·ement were sent to her. Was much help in securing free tuitirin for qualified Indian students to attend the state's colleges. ation granted besides free After much effort, the State Board of Educ­ tuition at V-T Institutes and Colleges, free tuiLion for Practical Nursing,plus one free scholarship for roon1 and board at each of the schools where this facility is available. Supporting the bill to �t a Comrnissioner of Indian Affairs appointed, and now writing letters in sup�ort of the budget and projects. Secured much very good clothing for the two Reservations. Gave talks at several clubs and organizations regardL1g Indian pro- bl ems. , (C9ntin�ed on page 15) �(3) D E I T. 0 R I A L S THE MAINE IND IAN l'l'EWS LETTER EDITOR-EUGENIA T. THOMPSON (Penobscot ) The Maine Indian New sletter is Maine's only state-wide Indian and is publ�shed monthly and is f ree of charge. newsletter, New s and stories may be submitted to the Newsletter f or publication at the f ollowing address : Pine Street, Freeport, Maine 04032. Lette rs to the Editor are w elcome bu t mu st conf orm to the rules re­ quired by every newspaper. They mu st bear the writer's correct name and address although pen names are per.. ·itted at t·ie discretion of the . Editor. A ll letters must be signed though narues will be withheld f rom p ublication on request. Pref erence will be given to lettGrs not over 350 words in length. Letters are subject to condensation or editing w hen space limitations require and to correction of grailliiJ.er or obviou s * * * * * * * errors. A REAL LIVE INDI?..N The Badge Tha t I Wear "Is you r wif e a f oreigner?" asked the acquaintance we had just been introdu ced to at the laundroLlat. "No, she's not. She's an Indian; more American than you or I," my husband proudly replied. dhat caiile over her eyes was an ex:;_..iressio1r of surprise f or having come f ace- to- f ace with an Indian she did not recogni�e. In our minds is a pictu re that cannot e�sily be changed; that is, one of stereotype. �e rely too �uch on an ancient conce1t of seeing an Indian, all decked ou t in leather and f eathers, bee. d e and m occasins, black hair and-bronze skin. On another occa sion , even the f ive year old who brou ght his f riends in to see his Indian babysitter, wasn't sure I wa s an Indian, u ntil I gave a w ar- v1hoop. Scampering away, they were convinced I vvas a "redl live Indian. 11 · �hile we cou ld dress like ou r ancestors did centuries ago, an d live as they did, we cannot do so w ithou t a f eeling of desolation. F or although we have the costumes, ou r stage is goner the beau tif u l f orests, the p�entifu l game, u ntainted streams and undisturbed burial grounds. Because of my assimilation into the world ou tside of the reservation, I mu st proud ly point to the badge that I wear - that of being a "real live Indian. 11 l\fhile taking every adva ntage of education an'd experience which the w orld outside the reservation off ers, I cannot fort:;et what u1ight have been. I might have been asking thj s new Etc<1wd ntance if she were a foreigner. + + + + + + + WILL YOU HELP? On pa g es 15 and 16 of this month's issu e is an article telling abou t the proposed programs of the D iv ision of V olunteers Services. Many of the people in this grou p are people who live close to the IndiBns on our three reservati ons here in lvlaine, and they unde rstand the needs of the Indian. Their progra;;1s aee not geared 11}-0 re ly to do .something "for" the (Coutinued 011 page li-) �( 4) I (Will You Help, Cont'd from page 3 ) Indians, but rather the aim is to help the Indian to help hiMself. The Workcarnpers may give swimming lessons or they may organiz.e the l' �inting of a building, or teach adult education classes, but .:hatever tl e roject it has been seen in the past that the Indians are right t:1ere ta:·i,1g pert, learning things which they y/ill use later on to help the,.1.s··.lves. Now, here is vhere you and I can help. There is still a large deficit which must be met before the project will be successful. Svery dollar you send in will be used for the Workcamp projects. Thus you know your gift is being used for what you want it to be used for. This is so imfortant today when fund raising is often Big Business and much of the money we give goes ·inte·�t3h�·· .. fnnd raiser's own pocket. This very fact has· pr-0�:p.ete9. .my family to be more selective in our giving. This Worlccamp project is just the t�__of �reject we feel we would like to contribute toward because when we send five doll s to this�lindian project we know the whole five dollars will be used for the project and not just a dollar fifty or t\lo dollars, as we often read about in many larger fund drives around the country. Rev. Romeo St. Pierre You htay send your donation to P.O. Box 560 Old Town, iaine, 04468 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ RAMPAGE ON RAMPARTS While L1uch of the segment of the Rampart magazine on the Passamaquoddy Indian is true, it is nevertheless misleading. As 1•ne can see by the daily newspapers, the Indian Commissioner, while he is arpointed by the Governor, is not a"aere puppet, keeping his 'children 1 quiet". Rather it \rnuld api;:.ear that the Governor of Maine has tried on occasion to keep the Indian Co1Illniss­ ioner quiet. Commissioner Edward c. Hinckley has been very active in estab­ lishing a good Indian program through the tlepartQent of Indian Affairs The article also mentions the Passamaquoddys1 lawyer, Don Cotesworth Gellers. In personal interviews I've had with man�· of the Passamaquoddys, I found there ·�Rs a dispute as to just whom Attorney Gellers reprasents. Two Passamaquoddy Governors apparently siGned a retainer enlisting the services of Attorney Gellers. A l�ter tribal Governor denied that his predecessor had th� authority to bind the tribe in this manner. The claim was th_t the.former governor merely represente.d his office until bis term expired. It's too bad that this can't be cleared up because Attorney Gellers is perfor: 1ing an arduous· :task.. whi,cjl !llay prove to have a profound effect on the tribe. nore profound than any event·since-the � � gning of the original �· treaty with Mas...;achusetts in 1794. The article implies that everyone is against the Passau.aquoddy Indian. This simply �s not true. Anyone reading any iswue of the Newsletter will find evidence to the ,e�ntrary. ,Jhile it is true that there is )rejudice against the Passamaquoddy it ;Ls just as true that there are 1·,1any people sincerely dedicated to understanding the Passamaquoddy �nd in helping the Indian people alleviate SOL.le of the problems brought about by past inconsiderations. LABOR SHORTAGE ? It came to my attention that several Canadian Indians had been im- , ported and hired to work for Lipman's Poultry Plant in Augusta, Maine. Be­ tween this and the Tibetans mentioned on page 16 (wnich is adequately cover­ ed by George LaPorte' s letter below) one would think that a real labor : (Continued on page 17) . ·. �(5 ) NAACP TO STUDY PROBLEMS OF MAINE'S IND IA}S by Mar j or i e Sin c l air The prob l ems of Maine Ind ian s wi l l be s tud ied by the Na t ional Associati on for the Advanc emen t of Co lored Peop le. B o s t on at torney Ke e sler H. Montgomery, pre s ident of the New Eng land Regional Conference of Branche s , NAACP, said here Fr iday nigh t that recen t newspaper repor t s have led hi s organ izat ion to be l i eve some "Maine Indian tribe s are abu sed and vir tua l ly ignored." He acknowledged tha t the NAACP " i s unenl igh tened" abou t Ma ine Indians Af ter and ther e fore wi l l make a very in t en s ive s t udy of the s i tuat i on. tha t , t he group i n t end s to ask for governmen t ac t i on , he s aid. Montgomery spoke at a pre s s c onfer ence before the open ing of the 29th annual New Eng land Regional Conference of NAACP. . .. (From t he Por t l and Pr e s s Herald , 4/22/6 7 ) INDIANS MAKE NO CLAIMS T O RIVER BANKS Governor John Mi tche l l of the Penob s c o t Tr ibe t o l d The Time s thi s we ek that his r eference tu s ix mi l e s of Ind ian-owned land on b o th s ide s of the Penob s c o t River had been h i s t or i c a l , and he had had no i n t en t ion of implying that the Indian s now have c l aim t o t he land. Repor t s ou t of a hear ing in Augu s t a, he ld Mar ch 30 before the Indu s t r i al and Recreat ional Deve lopme n t Commi t t ee , had ind i c a t ed that Governor Mi tche l l ' opposed a propo sed s t ate park and wi ld l ife con s ervat ion ar e a along the r iver shor e s b e tween Old Town and Howland because the Penob s co t s s t i l l con ­ s id ered the r iver banks their proper ty. Governor Mi t che l l said t h i s had not b een his meani ng. He said he r eferred to the t ime when the Ind ian s d id own both s ides of the r iver to ex­ p l ain why the Ind i an s now oppo se any propo s ed legi s l at ion which they fear might fur t her encr oach on their l ands , which ar e now r educed to the i s lands in the r iver . He said he and his Tr ibal Coun c i l are wary of the propo sed new s t ate park un le s s the l eg i s l a t ion spe c i f i c ally exc l�d e s the Indian-own ed i s l and s. The Ind ians also feared , he said , tha t the pr opo s ed park wou ld deny them the ir pre s ent privi lege s of u s ing the river banks f or hun t ing and fish ing. (From the Penob s c o t Time s, Old Town , 4/1 3/6 7 ) "FORT LARAMI E AND THE SIOUX INDIANS" i s the name of a new book , pub l i shed by Pren t ice Ha l l , and wr i t ten by Remi Na­ deau . " Thi s .l a t e s t c on t r ibu t ion to the Amer i can For t Ser i e s as p l anned by the late S tewar t Holbrook i s wi thout que s t ion.the b e s t so far." "Author Remi Nade au has comb ined hi s t a len t s of a wr i t er and hi s t or i an t o come up with a book tha t shou ld a t t rac t a l l tho s e fas c inated wi th the open ­ ing of the we s t . " "As t he t i t l e ind i c a te s , Fort Lar ami e and the Plains Indian� were in t er ­ tang l ed The s t ory Nad e au r ecoun t s i s a fami l i ar one .. . Bas ically i t i s the Ind ian who is the v i c t im : o f treat i e s he did no t ful ly comprehend and wh ich the whi t e man qui ckly broke , of venal agen t s who s o ld him forb idden liquor and gun s , of rash y oung army off icers who b e l i eve the on ly good Redman was a d e ad one " "Nadeau does n o t pai n t the Ind ian as an ent ire ly nob l e s avage; af ter a l l they a l s o had the ir s c oundr e l s and ho t -head s. Bu t compared to the cr iree s commi t ted on them, par t i cu lar ly the women and chi ldren , one mu s t confe s s that j u s t i c e and humanene s s were general ly ignored when the whi te man deal t wi th the Ind ian " (From the Por t l and Expr e s s , 4/ 1 7 / 6 7 , P Y Norman Fourn ier ) • • . • . • . . �(6) "THEY TALK ABOUT FREEDOM" by Edwin Miller "When I look in the mirror every morning," Buffy-Sainte-Marie states gravely, standing five feet two, her brown eyes steady against a dark skin and coal black hair, "I know I'm not the same. When I was a child I never felt separate because I was'an Indian. I don't think of myself as an Indian now. I think of myself .as me. But if you look the way I do, walking down a street is difficult. People stop you and ask why you are wherever you are. Smile at a child and you're taken for some kind of pervert. You have to keep moving."· "They talk about freedom. But it's the freedom for the majority they are really talking about, freedom for the white man. In a clean-shaven society, a man with a beard is felt to be a trouble-maker. Because he thinks dif­ ferently, he may feel superior and that makes society nervous. If �veryone wore beards, a clean-shaven man would have the same effect. The white man wants everyone who isn't white to think white. I'm not saying that one way is better than another; but a man should be allowed to think his own way with­ out being put down for it." "Nobody even knows how many Indians there are in this country or Canada. There might be five hundred thousand; there might be ninety; there are no accurate records. If an Indian has a child, he feels it's his own business, not that of the government. Very few white people realize what it means to be an Indian. If you ask to speak your own language (there are approximately two hundred Indian languages in the United States and Canada) in a courtroom, you're told to speak in English. In the schools, everywhere. An Indian child is taken from its family at the age of six and sent to a white school and thoroughly brainwashed so that his attitudes toward his own background, his owa culture and his own people are turned upside down." "I was asked, along with educators and Negro leaders, to �e a member of a panel in Arizona on a Sargent Shriver project called Upward Bound, to help deprived children continue in school. When the call went out for people to apply, one Indian showed up. Nobody even managed to get the information around to those who needed the help! Indian kids drop out of school at twelve. When they look at the white culture, they say, 'Oh, who needs it?' - but they still want some of the goodies of the American system they see all around them. They're demoralized before they reach fifteen or sixteen years old." "Lots of white teen-agers don't know what it means to be deprived. I don't mean that .you can't buy a party dress. I mean you may not be able to do your homework because the electricity has to be shut off at nine o'clock in the evening. Or you may not be able to do your homework because you have a job in the evenings to help you stay in school; or you may not be able to stay in school at all." "Some -people call me a protest singer. r've written only four songs with social content, The Universal Soldier, against war, and Welcome, Welcome Emigrante, about Mexican wetback labor, and two on the Indians, Now That the Buffalo's Gone and My Country 'Tis of Thy People You're Dying, which I hate to sing at a concert. After I'm finished, I feel as if I've been put through a wringer." "People liked the first Indian song. ,It was nostalgic, it .had sentiment, it pictured the Indian as a poor slob and it appealed to them. People hate the second. They come backstage to tell me never to sing it again. They say, that's about my grandfather - he was a good man, a good Christian, he - fought the Indians but we don't have anything to do with that. At the same time in California the big fishing interests are upset, afraid they'll lose a few extra dollars because Indians fish for salmon with their traditional (Continued on Page 7) �(7 ) "THEY TALK (Continued from Page 6 ) • • • • Tell people the Bureau of Indian Affairs was set up to wipe nets, for food. Genocide, that had t? do with out the Indians and they say you're mistaken. Genocide was But they're wrong. not with us. the Germans and the Jews, the policy of the United States government a hundred years ago when they sold the Indians blankets that had been taken from.the beds of soldiers dying of smallpox and tuberculosis.11 "All over the United States they're building dams on Indian land because some business-man says, I've got �oney to make and investments to protect Or ln Canada they'll put a highway directly and Indian land is cheap. through a reservation, and then come the motels and the diners an_d the res­ , taurants and the gas stations· nobody asks the Indian whether he wants it; he t.fuy don' t They won't even hire him to work on tpe road gang. is just told. • '---.Y honor the treaties and leave the Indian alone?" "Anu.c,>pnl C'gists come in and dig up Indian graves - go up to some white Protestant church and say you're going to dig in the cemetery for a field survey; can you see the expression on those faces? But nobody cares if it's an Indian. The government prefers dead Indians. And if they're not dead, if the spirit's gone, it's just as good. All you have is a living corpse. They admire the AinerJcan eagle for his fine flight and pursue him for his wings. Cut his throat, stuff him and mount him on the wall and then they say, Yeah! We've got an eagle! " "My only goal is to tell the American people how Americans are treating the Indian - whether or not they want to hear." "I'm of Saskatchewan Plains Cree descent, but I was brought up by foster parents in New England. You couldn't tell they were part Micmac Indian. They look like Europeans. We lived in Maine and Wakefield, Massachusetts; my ' father was a refrigerator mechanic. When I was small, I liked being by my­ self. My brother was five years older than I, so I was just the pest as far as he was concerned. My parents had a beat-up old piano and gave him lessons which he didn't want - and after he finished I would go over and play every­ t hing he was supposed to. A teacher said I knew how t� play naturally, but I wasn't interested in mlisic." (Continued next month) • ANCIENT 1INDIAN RELICS DISCOVERED DURING SEWER MAIN INSTALLATION LACONIA, N.H. - Work on the installation of sewer mains under The Weirs recently yielded treasures dating back 25 to 30 centuries The relics w ere identified by Solon Colby of Meredith, president of the N.H. Archaeologic-· al Society and noted authority on Indian history. A perfectly shaped arrow head and .a stone skinning knife were the prize finds.1 Colby explained that The Weirs was a year round residence of the Indians until 1695 when they moved first to the Ossipee Lake area and then to the Chocurua region. He said at least 1 0,000 artifacts have been found in the channel area where the Indians gathered ·for the shad runs. (Submitted by a reader) 1• Channel • • • • • • • NATIONAL INDIAN YOUTH COUNCIL MEETS WITH COMMISSIONER BENNETT IN DENVER To�ay's young.Indian wants to stay on the reservation, but is even more determined to improve his lot in life, the executive director of the National I ndian Youth Council said in Denver in February. (Continued on Page 8) �(8) NATIONAL INDIAN YOUTH COUNCIL (Continued from Page 7) • • • • Mel Thom said this is the basic problem with which some 32 delegates from across the nation and from Alaska were struggling in· a two day session at the Olin Hotel. On hand to listen and to garner ideas from the young people was Robert L. Bennett, Commissioner of the Bureau of Indian Affairs in Washington, "What the Indian youth today wants are self-sustaining communities, not "They want a viable society which poverty-stricken reservations, 11 Thom said. can exert its influence on American life. The Indian community wants to be integrated into the white man's society as a community and the Indian does not want the best of his traditions lost by destroying the reservation ."•••• "There is a real intense interest among the younger Indians about edu­ "They want to have a part in the shaping cation, 11 Commissioner Bennett said. of the future." The Commissioner is setting in with many different Indian gl"<mps of all ages across the country to get a well-rounded idea of the prob­ lems as they are presented from different points of view. "The young generation sees the loss of family members and schoolmates and the poverty and sickness all around them, 11 Thom said. "They also see the opportunities in today's society and they feer"what they are missing. They feel the older leadership is lax in taking advantage of these opportunities. 11 Thom said attempts by many white men to solve the so-called "Indian problem" by moving them off reservations and assimilating them into the white man 1 s society simply does not work. "They aren't assimilated, in the first place, 11 he said. "The Indian off the r eservation is just shoved into a ghetto in the white man's community. 11 He said, however, that lack of opportunities for youth have forced many young Indians to leave the reservation. This becomes a vicious circle be­ cause when the educated youth leaves, this drains the Indian community of its young, aggressive leadership. All who are left are the old people and the children. Both Thom and Commissioner Bennett said the development of job opportun­ ities is one of the most pressing problems facing the Indian s and the Bureau ••• (From Indian Ti.mes, Denever, Colorado, March, 1967) e SKOWHEGAN GROUP SEEKS ACCURACY The March issue of the Newsletter (Page 9) reported on the plans of the Skowhegan Tourist Hospitality Association to erect a hand-carved wooden JO-foot statue of an Indian in the vicinity of Skowhegan. Early reports of this · project which appeared in the Waterville Sentinel indicated that some consider­ ation was �eing given to the suggestion that it would be "a disaster" to use a Maine Indian as a model; that the statue should be "a gloriously colorful American Indian, loaded with showmanship" rather than a "drab" Maine Indian. Commissioner and Mrs. Edward Hinckley met with the Association on April 19th, and the Newsletter is happy to learn that the group is officially com­ mitted to a statue that will be historically and artistically accurate. At the request of the Association, Hinckley has asked six different authorities to collect information regarding the Indians who once lived in the Skowhegan He area and send it to the artist, Mr. Bernard Langlais, of Cushing, Maine. has also pledged his support of later projects involving the distribution of accurate information a bout Maine Indians, and the display and sale of authentic Maine Indian arts and crafts, once the statue is completed. The authorities whom Hinckley has contacted are: Dr. Richard Einerick, Professor of Anthropology, University of Maine; Dr. Willard Walker·, Professor of Anthropology, Wesleyan University; Dr. Alvin Morrison, Professor of Sociology and Anthropology, Westtrook Junior College; Mr. Eugene Bouchard, Technician, (Continued on Page 11) ��· , I � I ..J; .... I "THE INDIAN HAS A WORD FOR IT" OLD RECORDS 7BLL HOW INDIAN LANDS ACQUIRED (The following account of the Indians, now known as the Penobscot Tribe, is taken from "The History of the State of Maine" by William D. Williamson, published in / 183 9 . ) The Tarratines have probably, . of their principal village. resting place, at different periods, shifted the situation At the,mouth of the Kenduskeag, they had a coDmlon when the white people first �ettled in the vicinity to wh�ch they were, of human bodies, from habit, strongly attached. also flint spears, - a place Here the mouldering reltcs stone implements of labor, and Indian paint dust have been .accidentally disinterred, after a burial for an·unknown peri.od of time. A league above the mouth of Kenduskeag stream, ' and near the westerly bank of the Penobscot, are undoubted appearances of an old village, perhaps the ancient "Negas." The English call it "Fort Hill." Here are the cavi­ ties of several cellars, and the·remains of two or three broken stone chim­ nies. The site is a flat of elevated ground, water, formed by nature, When it was destroyed, traditional, with a gradual slope to the an eligible place for a fortification. or abandoned, gives us entire satisfaction. no account, either historical or According to some reports, ( Continued on Page 10) it was �(10) OW RECORDS TELL (Continued from Page 9) • • • • burned by the Mohawks: but with much more reason, it is supposed to have been laid in ruins by a party of New England solQiery, about a century past. It was certainly inhabited since Europeans have visited the river; for in the tillage of the land, the plough has turned out such things as the utensils of cookery, bullet moulds, pincers, and other articles of hardware, which must have been the workmanship of modern artisans. The plains in the vicinity, according to the statements of the oldest settlers, originally exhibited all the appearance of having been, at some unknown time, the cornfields of the natives. In later years, Indian Oldtown has been their village and altogether the place of their greatest resort. Its situation is upon the southerly end of an island in Penobscot river, twelve miles above the mouth of the Kenduskeag, being partially cleared and containing about 350 acres of very rich and mellow land. At the close of the American revolution, the village contained between 40.and 50 wigwams, about equally divided b�.:::f street five rods in width, which passed east and west across the Island; quite compact on each side, and con­ structed after the old Gothic fashion with the gable ends towards the street. These slender cabins, which have been gradually decreasing in number, are us­ ually built and occupied by a family, including all the descendants of a father living, unless some of them choose to construct others for themselves. Through a short avenue southerly from the main street, is their church or chapel, 40 feet by 30 feet in dimensions, and one story in height, with a porch, a cupola, and a bell. It is covered with clapboards and glazed. Fronting the door within, are the desk and altar, two large candlesticks, and some other articles of service, after the catholic forms; upon the wall behind are the images of our Blessed Saviour and some of the primitive saints; and on the rig ht and left of the desk, are seats for the elders; otherwise the worshippers male and female, who uniformly convene on the sabbath, and frequently for prayers on other days when a priest is with them, both sit and kneel upon the floor, which is always covered with evergreens. But the present edifice, which has been built since the revolution, is said to be far from comparing with their former one, either in size or appearance. Northerly of the chapel, 20 rods, is their burying place, in which stands a cross, 15 or 18 feet ip height. In its standard post, six feet from the ground, is carved an aperture, 5 inches by 3 in compass and 4 deep, securely covered with glass, enclosing an emblematical form of the Virgin Mary with the infant Immanuel in her arms. At the head of each grave is placed a cruc­ ifix of wood, which is abou·t two or three feet high and very slender; - a mem­ orial borrowed from the catholics. The Tarratines were neutrals in the war of the revolution; - in return Massachusetts protected them, and prohibited all trespasses upon their lands, six miles in width on each side of the Penobscot, from the head of the tide upwards. She has since at different times ade large purchases of their lands - until they are left the owners only of four townships - a few acres on the ·east side of the Penobscot opposite to the mouth of the Kenduskeag, and the Islands between Old-town and Passadumkeag, 28 in number, containing 2, 6]0 acres. (Continued next month) WOMEN HEAR TALK ON INDIANS YARMOUTH - Mrs. Walter Moulton of Kennebunk will speak on the Passamaquod­ dy Indians at a 1 p.m. meeting tomorrow of the Afternoon Alliance in the Univer­ salist vestry. (From the Portland Express, 4/19/67) �(11) SKOWHEGAN GROUP • • • • • (Continued from Page 8) Maine State House Museum; Dr. Wendall Hadlock, Director, Farnsworth Museum, Rockland; and Mr. Roger Gabriel, Passamaquoddy student at the Sahta Fe Institute of American Indian Arts. 'IH£ TOUCH OF SWEETGRASS by A. E. Mcinnis As far back as I can remember I would pick up my mother's sewing basket and, holding it close to my nose,_ brer:tt.he the ·::mmrru=n•y·i=;f'Pn+. nf +.hP ,..,lrl �wP.et­ What I loved in tne grass braids. I could not ever g et enough of its smell. smell was Indian, for I thought Indian, played Indian, r ead Indian, until I almost believed I was an Indian. I watched Maine1s sweetgrass As I grew my lov� for sweetgrass remained. Indians - the Passamaquoddies - g athering it, their hands darting rike birds. Finally they would lift great scented shags of sweetgrass and walk home to the Pleasant Point Reservation at Perry, Maine. They walked beside the road slowly, the grass rounded over their backs, covering them with a glistening olive-green But coat that left the air redolent long ·after they had passed from my· sight. when I went .into the salt marsh.to the exact place where they had 'been, I could not find a single blade of sweetgrass! The s weetgrass that stir s a boy's senses and imagination with delight is not exclusive to Maine. Our sweetgrass, Hierochole borealis, is one of eight species found only in northern Europe and North America. Its common names other t han sweetgrass are vanilla grass, Seneca grass and holy grass. It is found f rcm Newfoundland to Alaska, south to New Jersey and w est to Colorado. In northern Europe in olden days peasants sold bunches of sweetgrass to be hung in bedrooms because it was believed to have a mysterious power of in­ ducing sleep. On religious festivals, Europeans scattered sweetgrass before churches and placed scented sheaves of it on the paths leading to shrines of the saints - hence its name of holy grass. In the ancient Scottish marriage rite of handfasting, a couple sat before their friends with the right hand of the man tied to the left hand of the woman with sweetgrass. Here in Mairie sweetgrass has so long a history that stone knives excavated from Indian sites sometimes glisten on the cutting edge. This polish has been determined to be1an overlay of silica granules - the substance which streng­ ' thens and hardens the s tems of grass - deposited, perhaps 1,000 years ago, on the stone knives used by Maine Indians for cutting sweetgrass. In my growing years I ceraa of an age to seek people as friends, and so it was that I discovered Joe Nicholas. Joe is· many things. He has been delegate to the State Legislature, organizer and director of a revival of the old Passa­ maquoddy dances. He is a barber in the nearby city of Eastport. But first, last and always, Joe is a Passamaquoddy with a strong pride in his r ace and love for its traditions. ing sense of humor. "If you are Indian; is no such thing. Joe's personality is made who�e by a unique and refresh­ In our joking back and 'forth, I prodded Joe many times. show me some real live sweet.grass growing. I think there It's just part of the Indian hocus-pocus, another joke opon his brother white man!" Joe always grinned. "You wait," he promised. I'll show you some sweetgrass growing." "When the right time comes, OUr two families, Joe's and mine, had a picnic we shall not f orget out on the b eautiful salt water point near the reversing falls in' West Pembroke. our meal I again needled Joe, �sking for a showdown concerning sweetgrass. After Instead of joking back, Jne and his son Steve indicated that I was t o f•llow them. (Continued on Page 12) �( 1 2) (Continued from Page 1 1 ) W e walked from the picnic area and approached a grassy swale beside the falls, now roaring with the incoming tide. Father and son stopped at an especially thick growth of grass. Joe asked 'softly, "Can you see it?" I could not see anything but a lot of grass that I had seen many times before. Steve Nicholas spoke in the musical way that all young Indians have, "See it shining?" I could see it shining It was as if the scales fell from my eyes! as no other grass ever could: olive-green ripples of satiny grass blades, showing the way of the seawind upon erect stems about 20 inches tall! I knew why Joe and Steve remained so quiet, because i, too, had a feeling of revela­ tion. One by one, I picked my first sweetgrass blades, grasping at their shell-pink bases and pulling quickly. July stained the farthest corners of the salt meadow with blue, and swelled beginning baYoerries with a deeper green than ever could be imagined. The world was all braided together with the bird-sound, the heavy-footed sea roaring down the incline of the salt water falls in thundering majesty and spray, and the air was heavy with the glorious scent of my g�owing hank of sweetgrass. Joe quietly jogged me with a reminder of the time, and also that we should go to have our sweetgrass combed. We went to the small home of Mitchell Francis, now aged ninety-six, who lives with his affable son, Louis, (former) Joe explained to me that Mitchell was Lieutenant-Governor of Pleasant Point. one of the last men among the Passamaquoddies to occupy himself exclusively with gathering sweetgrass. Now only a few men and children gather it sporadic­ ally. (To be continued next month) AMERICAN INDIANS OFFERED LAW SCHOOL SCHOLARSHIPS A new scholarship progrc3Il1 for the study of law is being offered to Ameri­ can Indians by the University of New Mexico School of law. The value of each scholarship will be in excess of $4, 000 - in addition to tuition. Stu­ dents who are selected from the program will receive room, board, travel and book stipends, a living allowance, and tuition. To qualify for the scholarship, the applicant must be an .American Indian and must have completed at least two years of college. The selection will be based upon the applicant's college record,-his apparent aptitude for law, and his interest in the program. Recommendations from those who know the applicant and who are familiar with his work will be given considerable weight. A total of 15 scholarships will b e given for the summer session of 1967 at the University of New Mexico Law School. It has been planned that from 10 to 12 of these scholarships will be given to applicants who have received their college degrees, and the remainder will pe granted to students who have completed at least their sophomore year. Only those who have completed college will be eligible to enter law school in the fall of 1967. Each appli9ant will be interviewed by a represent-ative of the law school. The program is federally supported. The schedule of study in the law school will be intensive, including regular law school courses and special courses designed to develop skills neces­ sary .for superior performance. Legal writing will be emphasized. All inquiries to the program should be addressed to Prof. F. M. Hart at the University of New Mexico School of Law in Albuquerque. ( From the Navajo Times, 4/27/67) �(13) LEGI SLATIVE REPORT The legi s i'a t ive Commi t tee on Ind ian Affair s held i t s f inal hear ing on Pr e s ented for d i scu s s ion were two b i l l s : L . D . No . 6 9 7 - "AN ACT May 2nd . Re lat ing to the Educat ion of Ind ian Chi ldren Living on Reserva t i on s , " and "AN ACT R e l a t ing to Educat ion of Indi an s . " L . D . No . 1155 Rep . Rob er t Soulas (R-Bangor ) pres ented L . D . No . 69 7 , exp l a in ing that he had been r e que s ted to submi t this b i l l when it appeared that the S t a t e might be forced to c lose the Res erva tion s choo l s b ecau s e o f U. S . Of f i c e o f Edu ca t i on He was pleased that thi s ma t ter concerns abou t the Civi l Righ t s Ac t of 1964 . led on the De par tment o f Edu c a t i on had been c l eared up by the U . S . O . E . and cal to exp lain the ma t ter further . Mr . Ray Cook , repr e s en t ing Ed uca t i on Commi s s i oner Wi l l iam Logan (who was pr e s e n t a t the hear ing) exp l a ined an amendment t o the b i l l be ing requ e s ted The amendmen t: wou ld remove the emergency by the Dc p.ax: t men t o f Edu c a t ion . p.L N1 mh l e a nd c l au s e from the b i l l and wou ld change the word ing to read as fo l lows : "Fund s sha l l be provided to cons tru c t an a l l -purpose - l ibrary fac i l i t y and a c l a s sr oom o n each of t h e three Indian reserva t ions . " The t o t a l amount of money be ing reque s ted in the amended ver s ion of the b i l l i s $ 2 24 , 950 . I f approved , the s e funds would make pos s ib l e t he con s truc ­ Mr . t ion of one c la s sr oom and one mu l t i -purpo s e room on each re s erva t i on . Cook fur the r exp lained that one c l a s sroom for each re serva t ion s choo l had a l s o been r e qu e s ted in the Depar tmen t of Educa t ion ' s supp lemen tal budge t . If bo th the supplemen t a l budge t and L . D . No . 6 9 7 are approved by the legis lature , two c las srooms and a mul t i -purpos e room cou ld be cons truc ted ( and e quippe d ) on e a c h r e s ervat ion . The Commi t t e e raised some gener a l que s t ion s conerning pos s ib l e fu ture volun t ary tran s fe r of upper -grade Pas s amaquoddy s tuden t s to the schoo l s in Eas tpor t and Pr ince ton , as is pre s en t ly the case on the Penobs c o t Reservat ion , where s tuden t s above the 5 t h grade leve l a t tend schoo l s in Old Town . Mr . Cook made i t c le ar that the Depar tment of Educa t ion fe l t any such change shou ld be condu c t e d volun t ar i ly . Repr e s en t a t ive Warren Cookson ind icated tha t many p ar en t s had appeared to favor such a program dur ing the vi s i t s of the Interi� Study Commit te e on Ind i an Affair s ( o f the lO l s t Leg i s latur e ) to the ,Pas s ama­ quoddy Re s erva t ion s . Repr e s en t a t ive Ca ther ine Car swe l l expr e s sed the hope that the U. S . Office o f Educa t ion ' s general recommend a t i on s , referred t o in the Apr i l l e t ter from Mr . D avid S e e l ey to Commi s s i oner Logan ( See Apr i l News l e t t er ,' pag e s 2 1 - 2 2 ) , migh t be re ceived be fore the 1 03rd Leg i s lature adj ourned . Indian Commi s s i oner Edward Hinckley spoke as a proponent of the bi l l , dir e c t ing special at ten t ion t o the need for a mu l t i -purpos e room on each Res ervat ion , not only to benef i t the s choo l program , but a l s o to bene f i t other communi ty a c t ivi ti e s such as adu l t educat ion c l a s se s , communi ty mee tings , e tc . Penob s c o t Leg i s la t ive Repre sentat ive John Ne l s on , Pa s s amaquoddy Leg i s l at ive ­ Repr e s en t a t ive George Fran c i s , and Ind ian Town ship Res ervat ion Governor John S tevens a l s o t e s t i f ied in s uppor t of L . D . No . 69 7 . In answer to a que s t ion f rom Rep . Franc i s , Commi s s ioner Logan ind i c a t ed that - i f the b i l l were approved the new rooms s hould be avai �ab le for u s e by September 1 9 68 . Logan added tha t he f e l t the S ta te had a real re spon s ib i l i ty to br ing the r eservat ion s choo l s to the same s t andard of ade quacy as i s the c a s e in o ther unorgani zed t erri tori e s , whi ch are admini s t ered a l s o by the D epar tmen t o f Educ a t ion . No opponen t s appeared agains t L . D . No ; . 69 7 . L . D . No . 1155 was pre s en t ed by Senator Jo seph S ewa l l (R- Penob s co t Coun ty ) . It had been sugge s ted t o him by Rep . John Ne l s on . The int en t of the b i l l a s draf ted i s t o make p o s s ib l e S tate paymen t of tui t i on for Indian adu l t educ at ion ( Con t inued on Page 14) - �( 14 ) ( Con t inued from Page 1 3 ) Commi s s ioner Hinckley exp lained a n amendmen t to t h e b i l l (ac tual ly a new draf t ) that had been worked ou t with Mr . John . Moran , D irec t or of Adu l t Edu c a t i on f or the S t ate . The new draf t o f the b i l l wou ld read a s f o l lows : "Any memb er of the Penob s c o t or Pa s s amaquoddy Tr ib e s of Ind ian s , r e s i d ing wi thin the s t a te , over t he age of 1 6 , who i s not in a t tendance at any pub l i c scho o l and who has no t comp l e t ed Grade 1 2 , may enr o l l in any vocat ional , avoc a t i ona l , highs choo l d ip l oma or highs choo l e quiva lency program wi thin the s t ate . Fu l l t u i t ion for such s t uden t s sha l l be paid by the S t� t e De par tmen t of Educ a t ion . " Hinckley exp lained that the or iginal dra f t of the b i l l wou ld only have app l ied t o Ind ian s re s i d ing o f f the Res erva t ions , whereas the new draf t wou ld a l s o bene f i t Ind ians l iving �the Res erva t ions who wi shed to enro l l for adu l t edu c a t ion cour s e s be ing o f fered i n nearby towns . Mr . Cook exp lained that the in i t i a l dr a f t of the b i l l conf l i c t ed with Ind ian high scho o l s tuden t s who pr e s e n t ly ar e l iv ing o f f -r e s erva t ion and at tend ing local high scho o l s becau se Mr . Cook reported tha t , as re -draf tee , the ir paren t s pay local proper ty taxe s . t he Depar tment o f Educat ion f avored L . D . No . 1 1 55 . In re spon se t o a que s t ion from the Commi t tee , Cook ind icated that the Depar tm�n t of Educat ion e s t ima t ed the c os t o f thi s b i l l at around $ 2 700 per year . He fur ther te s t if i ed concerning the grea t need f or more adul t educat ion programs f or t he Ind ian s o f Maine and said that thi s bi l l was in l ine with o ther educ a t ion l eg i s la t ion which has been in troduced this s e s s ion d e s igned to No increasr. adu l t educat ion oppor tuni t i e s for all c i t i zens of the s t a te . oppone n t s appe ared again s t L . D . No . 1 1 55 . s tud�n.t s . The Newsletter understand s that, a s of May 18th , the following legislative progress had been made by various Indi an affairs bills . L . D . 1066 , "AN !QT to Revi se th e Maine Indi an Housing Law, " was approved by Governor Kenneth M. Curti s , on May 8th . As a piece of emergency legislation, this legislation - now Chapter 252 of the Public Laws of 1967 - becomes effective immediat ely. The revisions of the Maine Indian Hous ing Law will permit each of the three Tribal · Counc ils (two Passamaquodd� and one Penobs cot ) to appoint a five-man loc al Housing Authority as the first step in applying fo r federally­ assi.sted low-income housing program> of various kind s, similar to tho se availabl e to c iti e s and town s, and Indian reservations , throughout the country. ( The NeFs­ letter is informed that, as of August 31, 1966, 72 local Housing Authoritie s were in operatio n on 69 Incian res�rvations in 22 states . 56 of these local Hou sing 4utho riti es on 52 reservations were d eveloping Mutual Help housing pro-/ j ect s ; a total of 5 , 73 2 indivichl al housing units were in some stage of develop­ ment on reservations as of August 31, 1966 . ) L . D . 942, "AN ACT Relating to � Hunting of Muskrat , Mink , � and Fi s � � Indians, " was approved by Gov . Curti s on May Sth also . As a routine piece o f legi slation, thi s law ( Chapter 254 of the Public Laws of 1967 ) wili become effective 90 days after the adjournment of the legi slature . The law states, · �� sh all be lawful for members of the Penobscot or Passamaquoddy Indian tribes to hunt muskrat, mink, otter or fi sher with bow and ai:-row or firearms on lands o r i slands within the ir pos session . " Bills relating to th e following subjects are o n the legislative Appropria­ t ion s Table, awaiting final action : Special Offi ce s for the Indian tribe s ( L . D . 1094 ) ; Tribal Polic e Offic ers ( L . D . 1097 ) ; Updating of Penob scot surveys ( L . D . 109B ) ; recreational and playground faciliti es for all three Reservations (L . D . 1142 ) ; Indian Island home improvement s ( L . D . 1456 ) ; adult education ( L . O . 1634 thi s i s a new draft of L . D . 1155 - see above story ) ; Ind ian education ( L . D . 1636 this i s a new draft of L . D . 697 - s e e above sto ry ) ; and Clerk s of Tribe s ( L . D . 1637 - this i s a new draft of L . D . 1067 ) . ( Continued o n Page 24 ) �­ �( l7 ( LABO�� S t. v��T..:.,.GB con tirl. ue d froa page 4 ) short age exis te d in Hai ne . I w as curious as to why Li�)man 1 s v as hir i ng C an­ adian I ndia ns . I aske d C ommis s i one r Hi nckle y i f any inquiri e s had be e n made conce rni ng Maine In dians . H e i nf orme d me � 1 0 ca lls had be � n re ce i ve d by h i s offi ce fD om Li pman 1 s asking ab ou t Indians ave.ilable for H ork in the ir Augu � ta p lant. B oth time s the call e rs we re told whom to con tact on the v arious re se rvati ons , but this appa re n tly di d not s a ti s fy the m . Pe rhaps Lipman 1 s fe l t 10 or 20 I ndia ns shou ld have b e e n s tanding aroun d C omu1is s i one r Hi nckle y 1 s office waiting to go to work , be cause as far as I h ave be e n able to find out no furthe r con ta c ts � e re e v.; r wa�e re garding t�e emp loyin g of Maine In di ans at Lipwa n's . As i t turns out , appare ntl y the Ca�a dia n India ns we re not satis fie d w i th condi ti ons at Lipman ' s anywa-y, as i t s e e ms th e y have a ll le f t a fte r on ly two or th re e we eks o f w ork . · The pri nciple of the matte r is � ha t i t doe s n 't ma tte r if i t is I.i pman ' s , Gre at Northe rn Pape r C ompany, the .apple grow e rs o r p otato p la n t e r s • : who im port labor from out of s tate and e ve n ou t of country, an in jus ti ce h as be e n done whe n the Mai�e I ndians have be e n ove rl o oke d. Su re ly, the Maine In di ans cou ld h�y e be ne fi te d · by fre e tra ns p ortation, a trai ning pro gram , a nd in the cas e of Gre a t Northe rn, a de ce nt wage . _ . * * * * * * * * * * * IE TTER TO THE EDI TOR De ar E di tor : You will fi nd, attache d, a copy of a ne ws i tem ' ih i ch ap1, e a re d i n the Wa ll Stre e t Journal r� c� ntly. The i ron y of its con te n ts -wi ll not be appa re n t un le s s one i s aw are o f the fa ct tha t M�i ne is the pre &e n t and h is tori c h om e ­ la nd of the tvrn tri be s of F.as te rn W oodland I ndians - the Pas .s amaq u oddie s and the Pe nobs cots - whos e young me n are urge ntly in ne e d · o f the ki � d of tra i n­ i ng and j o bs the re i n de s cri be d. One ca nnot he lp butt won de r i: ow s tre nuou s l y the Gre at N orth e rn P ape r C ompany s ou gh t the i.-:1 ou t - at Hou lton , Prin ce t on., Pe rry and Ol d T own - for re cru i tm e nt iht o t D � � program . H ow we l l can the re crui tme nt ab road of trai� ­ e e s be gus ti fie d? Si nce s u ch an acti on on the part of a pri vate eii1p loye r r e q u i re s th e p r i or approval of bot h the U . S. De part Je nt of Agriculture a 1 d the U . · . D e par t ­ me nt of s t�te 's Iwmigra ti on Se rvi ce , one mus t con clu de th at the i r re spe ctiJe Se cre t a ri e s_, jointl y , be ar the le gal and e th i ca l re s p on s i bili ty. It ;Ls mor­ a l ly ine x cus able and of du bi ous le gal i ty to imp ort fore ign l abor i nto an a re a whe re e quall y qua l i f i e d re s i de n ts are tra gi c a lly u nd e r- employe d. We ca l l upon all ci ti ze ns , (Ame ri can I ndi a ns in clude d ! ) , and G rea t North e rn s tockhol d e rs i n pa r f i c u la r , to protes t and e ffe cti ve ly OP.' ' ose thi s i J l - R n v j s e d a cti on . V e ry truly yours , (See alse letter on Page 22 . ) G e orge H. La Porte New York C i ty * * * * * * • * * * * * * THE GRE AT LAHD FRAUD (Se cond I n s t<=i 1 1 . ien t) * * * T oday the Pas s a ma q uoddys li v e on two res e rva ti o ns i n e a s te rn mos t Maine , the mos t de presse d are a in all New E ng l ."l. n d , an d the 800 Indians wh o are · l e f t o c c upy h A t·� l y 200 of the i r 30 , 00 a c r e s . Mos t of the m are we lfare c as e s , f or what j ob s exi s t h ave be e n gohb le d up b y the whi te man . Swi ndle out o f � h 7 i r la nd and depri e d of gai nful e mployme nt, che a te d i n cou ntle s s w ays , � h u m 1 J 1 a t e d and p1· og1·esA 1 ve ly pa np e 1· j z e d , the onc e prou d I n d i a n s h ave be e n re ­ duc e d to b e ggi n g a t the C OA t t � t l s � f the mas te r the i ve s . (C o nt i nue d on page 18 ) pr o b ab ly �( 18 ) ( T h e G r e a t Land Frau d . c on t inued f r om page 17 ) Un l ike mos t Indian tri b e s , the Pas s a1.1aq u o du.ys are wards of a s t a t e , n o t th f e d e ra l -"ov e r n. 1e n t . T he ir gr e a t �1l 1 i t e f a t h e r is t h e Ind ian c olllkl iss i oner , a p o l i t i c a l appoin t e e whose j ob is t o e nsure tha t his ' ' c hi l d r e n � aare happy on t h e d o le and t o av o i d ; ; t r o ub l e " on the re s e rva t i ons . B u t the Ind ians are no t h appy w i t h t h e ir s qualid s hac ks , the ir a l l o t me n t s of s u r�lus ·f o o d , or t h e fac t t h a t no one wi l l give t hem a j ob . T l 1 e y are f i ch t ing t o Qay as t he y f ought f o r G e o r ge Wa s h ingt on , f o r t h e r i gh t t o p r o f i t f r om t h e ir r i c h ti�b e r lands , l o n g s i n c e t aken o v e r b y t h e s t a t e a n d b y white s q uat t e rs a n d b u s ine ss . 1en . They are f i gb t ing f or the r i ght to gove rn t h ems e lv e s like any o t h e r Ame r i c ans , to d is ­ p o s e o f the ir pr ope r t y as t he y � e e fi t ; f i gh t i n g f o r the c ha n c e t o b e t o f f t h e we l fare . John S t e v e ns , c h ie f o f the t r ib e 1 s Pri n c e t on r e G rv .... ti on , t ct lL e d a b o ut i t on a }'kine TV s t a t i on . r ; rn the T r e a t y o f 1794 , 1 1 lie said , 1 1 1Viassa c h ube t t s giv es us o ur two r e s e r va t i ons , to h�ve f o r e v e r and e v e r . On e ' s a s�all one , at Pl e as ­ ant Poin t , d own n e a r Eas t r or t ; the o t h e r ' s a ldr e pie c e - -3 6 s q uare mil e s of t imb e r l and - j u s t n o r t h o f Princ e t on , Maine . Now in 182 0 , •hen Main e ' b e c ame a s t a t e , c ar v e d o u t o f Na s s a c h us e t t s , s h e p r omis e d C ongr e s s and Massachus e t t s , b o t h , t h a t she ' d h o n o r our t r e a t y lands f o r e v e r . �e ll , the t r ear y ' s b e ing b r oke n . T h e S t a t e o f M�ine has s t o le n our � e a t y l�nds away , o y r e l ling &nd l e as i n g t he lands r i gh t our f r olil under our f e e t . S ounds hard t o re lieve , d o e s n ' t i t ? We ll , you ' r e we l c ome t o c ome d own and s e e frbr your s e l f t h e shacks t h e y make us live in , on what w e h a v e le f t . "We sho uldn ' t have t o te t h i s po or , " says C h ie f S t ev e ns . f l The S t a t e o f Ha in e 't s b e e n s tr ipping t h e timb e r f r om our land , s e lling i t .:, nd n e v e r a c c oun t ­ ing t o us f o r the mone y ; aaid t h e y ' re pu t t in g it in a trus t fund f o r us . Je l l , a f t e r 146 ye ars s e lling t h e t imb e r o f f our 30 , 000 ac re s , n ow a l l t h e y say t h e y c an s how f or i t is ab out a2 a n a c r e i n o u r t rus t f und . T h <l t ' s w i t ho u t in t e r e s t ; e v e r y year t h e y d e d u c t the i n t e r e s t away . �v e ll s ir , vr n aim t o pu t a s t o p t o this ; ge t t h e m t o o b s e rv e the t r e at y and r e t urn our t imb e r l nds , an d giv e us s ome kind of a c c oun t i n g f or our mone y . T he y laughe d in our fac e s ; t ol d us t h e y didn ' t have t o h o n o r a n y t re a t y i f t h e y didn ' t f e e l i i k e it , a n d un l e s s . 1 e quit asking que s t i ons t h e y ' d f ix us good ; t ake away wha t e v e r t h e y wart e d , t ake away our kids ' lun c h e s at s c h o o l t o o . " Adminis t r a t i on o f t h e t ri b a l t r u s t fund -a u1e re � 70 , 000 t o day-has b e en uni l a t e r a l Llnd o f t e n shady b u s ine s s . F or 7 5 ye ars Pas samaq u o ddy l e aders have t r o op e d to A ugus t a to tl emand an a c c ount ing ; each t ilile i t was r e fus e d the 1a . A c e n t ur y o f t imb e r r e v e n u e had s om e h o w vanishe d , and t h e s t a t e was n o t ab o u t t o o p e n t h e b o oks . B e ginning tem ye ars ago , t he f und w a s dire c t ly raid1e d , o s t e n sib ly t o pr o v i d e the I n dians w i t h b e t t e r L o using . Nearly 30 b o xlike dw e ll ­ i n gs w e r e e r e c t e d on t h e two r e s e rv a t i ons , c os t ing b e t w e en � 7 00 a n d $ 9000 api e c E T h e 1 1 h ou s e s b u i l t a t Pleasant P o int a r e a lr e a d y falling a�ar t . The p l ywo d f l o or s sa g , the walls lean , t h e wind z ips t hr ough t h e c r a c ks ; t h e f oundati ons , r e s t in g une a s i ly on a swamp , s e t t le a b i t more e � c h year . T he t r ibe ' s a t t o rne y , D on C o t e swor t h G e l l e r s , s ur.Jis e s that t h e b ui l d i n g c on t rac t or h i r e d b y ·t he s t a t e " mus t h a v e h a d 's ome t h ing t.iore than me re c omp e t e n c e t o m c ommend h im f or t i1e j o u 11 In any � as e , the c ompany has gone b ankr up t so t h e r e c an be no p o s s ib l e c laim . Ge l l e r s d o ub t s t h a t anyt h i n g wi l l c ome of t h e h o us ing s c andal . 1 1 N o one uill pr os e c u t e you iri t h e s t a t e of .Maine for r o b b in g Indians , " he s a ys , "No one ever has G e l l e r s , 31 . has b e en w o rking for s e v e ra l years without fee as the Pa s s a­ m a q u od dys ' lawye r , pre pa ring a c ou r t t e s t f o r t h e r e s t i t u t i on of t r e a t y l and s and t r us t fund t o t h e t r ib e , a s we l l a s c ompen s a t i on f o r �� �s t in fringe me n t s � S in c e movi n g t o � a s t p o r t w i t h h is w i f e , he has b e en thr e a t e n e d w i t a d e a t h �nd d i s b armen t . But the c ase is an impor tant one . Indians hav e ab s orb e d de f e a t I f t h e Pass awaq uoddys can win t h e ir a f t e r de f e a t a t t h e h ands o f the c o l o s sus . d e mands , t h e ir b r o t h e r s a c r os s t h e nc:. t i on will hav e gr ounds f or h ope t h a t th e i r t r e a t i e s t o o , a n d t h e i r e le we n t ar y human r i gh t s , m a y o n e d a y b � r e sp e c t e d . ( N e x t mon t h t he News l e t t e r w i l l c on t i n ue The Pas samaqu o d dy Indians b y David Je l s t _ • • • � ��� � * * * * * * * * * * * * * Be s ur e t o in c lude your ZIP c ode f o r your addr e s s when you wr i t e in t o b e ad d e d If you wan t your frie nds i n c lude d , a l s o in c l ud e t he ir Z IP . t o the mai l i n g l i s t . �( 19 ) HELP MAINE ' S INDIANS by Willi am M. Clark Regardle ss of the gloominess of some philo sophers, life has a way of The Maine Legislature will giving us, at r�e int ervals, a second chance. be thus gi ftE?d this week. The Senate will have a chance to remedy one of the errors of the House of Representatives . On April 28th, the Hous e killed a bill which would have given the repre s­ entatives of the Maine Indian tribes enough money for lodging, transpQrtation, and telephone calls, plus one-half of the session salary which the House of The bill will come up thi s Repre sentatives so co nsiderately give themselves . If enough people contact enough week in the Senate . Its fate is uncertain. State Senator s, however, the po ssibility of justi ce for th e Indians may be re­ newed . It should no t be necessary at all to defend the fairne ss of this act . In a demo cratic system, past erro rs are corrected, when they can be corrected , In the case of the Indians , the re i s no question but what errors only by law. have been made . The presence of thousands of Maine people on land whi ch was stolen from tho s e who poss essed it is proo f of the injustice done . When th e bill to give the Indians some . part of the customary legislative compensation came up in the House, Representative Catherine Carswell did her be st to have it voted into law. She d id not succeed . The reco rds of that debate are filled with plain common sense from Repres entative Car swell and "around the barn double talk " from th e oppo sition. The suggestion was made that , sinc e the Indians have a right to vote for · the regl}.lar area members of the l egislature, the presence of th e tribal representative s was "double repre ser:itation. " To some dreamy Philadelphia lawyer, thi s might m- ak e sense . To anyone who is f amiliar with the feeble po litical power of the Indians in the areas in whi ch they live, it is · nonsense . It is only a pious attempt to salve con­ scienc e s . In the course of 300 ye ars, the Indi ans have had proved to them again and again that nobody is going to protect their interest;s except them­ selves . . It" has been said that the Maine Indians never "owned 1 1 any land i n the sense that white men co nsidered ownership . That could be true . The Indians had intelligence enough to know that land is not oomething that CAN be owned . It: i s a po ssession of mankind in general only as long as mankind treats it with the respect it de serve s . So the Indians did not fence it off and s tart to gouge it and mirie it and cover it with cement . They did not hew down the fo rests and pollute the streams . They did not induce erceion, fill the wetlands, and de stroy the humus . They used the land gently and considerately. Because of that, they were called "savages" with no sense o f ownership . All that is in th e past. The dangers now are dangers that come from new waves o f pre.ssure s . The dominant philo sophy of conformity is e ating away at the Indians ' defi&nae of civilized sins . They ne ed legi slative prote ction . Desp�te Representative Oarswell ' s efforts in the Maine House, the Indians were refused the pitifully small sum of money that might h ave enabled them to pre ss their case with the logic it contaj ns . But if enough people call their State Senator s, the Senate could force the House to reconsider . The- cost of thi s bill is so small th�t a person should be ashamed to op­ po se it . There will be 20 time s the amount squandered in this session on pure There will be 50 times the amount spent on needle ss "investiga­ boondoggle s . How petty can we get ? tive trips . " How mealy mouthed can the righteous pre­ servers of the public purse become ? If I have any .friends at all in this reading ci rcle , I wi sh they ' d contact Catherine Carswell, Representative, and ask he r just what they can do to give the Maine Indians some kind of a chance to protect t hemselves . (From t he Kennebec Journal, 5/10/67) · ._ · �( 20 ) INSPECTION O F RESERVATION S MADE I The las t f ew days in April, the Indian Community Assistance Committee h€ad­ ed by OEO Di recto r Clyde Bartl ett compl et ed an inspection o f Maine 1 s Indian reservations . The connn i ttee was named by Gov . Kenneth M . Curtis, who s aid, " It i s my de si re, within the limit s of our available reso ur c e s , to re spond to the needs of our Indi an communitie s . Sinc e we know that unlimited assi stance is no t reali stic , we must h ave need s expr e s sed on a priority basis . " Bartlett sai d th e tour and the s eri e s of me etings with the Indian officials was ''mo st suc c e s s ful . 11 He r epo rt ed to the Governor on completion of the tour and plans a writ t en r eport and recommendation s shortly. " In addition to wo rking with Indian offi ci al s to d etermine which needs of the communiti es should have to p priority, the func tion of the c ommittee will be to coo rdinate stat e and federal programs, to make sure full use is being made of exi sting sour ce s of aid for the Indian communiti e s and to s eek additional a s si stanc e at t he Federal level, " said Bartle tt. Members o f th e committ ee, in · addition to Bartlett , are Richard McMahan, Maine FHA Directo r; Jerome Barnett, Maine di rector of the Eco nomic Development · Adminis tration; Jame s Schoenthaler, Maine Manpower Coord inator, and Sid Carney, Special i s t on Indi an Affair s, U . s . Departme nt of th e Int erior. 1 1We are fortunate to be able to have a per so n of Mr . Carney 1 s expe ri ence and background in Ind i an Affairs to serve on this committee , " s aid Bartlett . "He ac compani ed us on th e insp e ction tour and his advi ce and knowledge have al­ ready proven invaluable in directing our appro ach to the pro blem . " Carney, a Choctaw Indi an , is a sp eci al liason repre sentative with th e Sen e c a Indi an N ation at Salamanca, New Yo rk . Camey helped th e tri be plan a relo cati on pro gram, d evelop a community housing program, e stablish an indu strial park and greatly impro ve thei r educational system . He recently received an award from S e cretarjr o f t h e Int erior Stewart Udall for su stai ned superior per­ A member of the Bureau o f Indi an Affairs sinc e formanc e as a federal employee . 18957, Carney ho ld s a ba chelor ' s and master ' s d egree from Oklahoma State Univer­ sity . (From Maine OEO News, May 1967 ) UN I'IED SCHOLARSHIP SERVICE GETS CARNEGIE GRAN T Uni ted Scho larship Servi c e , Inc . (U SS ) of Denver, Colo . , has been awarded a grant by the Carnegi e Corporation ·of $50, 000 a year for the next th ree years to expand a program of graduate s chool ai d for Indi an s . A national vo luntary agency directly concerned with educational needs of It is sponsored by the Indian an d Mexi c an youths, USS was formed in 1960. United Church of Chri st , th e Epi scopal Church : and , s inc e 1966, by the National Ind ian Youth Counc il. It s graduat e s chool a s si stanc e hitherto has been limited to the field s of medi cine and law, bu:t will ext end to all profes sions under the Carnegie grant . (From the U . S . Depar.tment o f th e Interior, 5/3/67 ) NEWS NOTES The N ewsletter understam s that Mr . Mo rri s Brook s , Tribal Council.member of the Indi an Township Pass amaquoddy Res ervation, and Mrs . Ralph Nico la, o f . the Penobs co t Re servation, both recently took and passed th e Maine Stat e High Schoo l Equivalen cy examina tions , and rec eived High School Equivalency Certificat es . Mi s s Barbara Tomah , o f the Ple asant Point Passamaquoddy Tribe, re cently received her first communion at St . Jos eph Parish in Eastport . Her pi cture appeared in the Bango r Daily N ews o f May 19th . �(21) SEMINOLES HI T CAMPAIGN TRAIL by Frank Murray OAKLEE INDIAN VILLAGE , F l a . (AP) - The vo t er s emerged from the ir palm­ t hatched chi ckee hu t s - s t i l t hou s e s - and .gathered about the f l i cker ing campaign pow-wow f ire t o l i s ten to Char l i e B i l l i e Boy and the o ther candidat e s pre sen t the ir p l a t f orms . The i s su e s wer e s trea:l ight s , bet ter hou s ing , irr igat ion and b i g bus ine s s Incumb ent Bi l l i n the race for pre s iden·t o f the Seminole Indian Na tion . Osc e o l a wat ched s i len t ly as hi s four opponen t s made their pi t ches in the sof t , f lowing language o f the ir ance s tors . , Only Semino l e s who l ive on F l orida ' s three re s ervat ion s can vo t e in t h i s o d d Ind ian e le c t ion where campaign promi s e s ar e spoken in o n e language and pr inted in ano ther . The speeche s ar e a l l in the Mi ccosukee language , a smooth ama lgam of the Or ien t a l � t inged Ind ian tongue and Span i sh id ioms . Mo s t Semi nol e s s t i l l speak very l i t t l e Eng l i sh . Bu t a s Mi cco suke e i s only a spoken language , campaign posters mus t he in Eng l i sh . A t the po l l s Monday , the b al l o t s wi l l b e in Eng l i sh . I l l i ter ate vot e r s wi l l go in to the b o o th with a n e l e c t ion judge who ·he lp s mark t h e bal l o t and a t e l l er who w i l l wat ch the j udge . "We try not to appoin t cand idat e s ' c ou s ins or kinfolk as e l ec t ion j udge s , " said Tr ibal .Secre tary Laura Mae Osce o l a , a common S emino le name . She said 380 of 986 S emino l e s l iving on the r e s ervat ions wer e regi s t ered t o vo t e , inc luding 1 3 young people at col lege s and 7 servi cemen - 2 of whom have mai le d in ab sentee b a l l o t s from Vie tnam . The incumbent Osceola - i s a d i s t an t d e s cendan t of the famous chfef who - led the S emin o l e s 1 30 year s ago again s t U . S , troop s . He ' s had the $ 3 , 300a-year pre s idency e ight year s . . He as sumed the chi e f ' s chor e s two year s b e ­ f ore t h a t o n a $ 10-a-me e t ing bas i s before t h e . t r ibe adop t ed a con s t i tu t ion in 1 95 7 . Os ceo l a i s campaigning on the ground the tr ibe ha s become b i g busine s s dur ing hi s t erm . F lorida ' s Semino l e s direct a $ 1 3 -mi l l ion empire which inc ludes an 8 , 000 -head cat t le ran ch (From the Bangor Dai ly News , 5 /4/ 6 7) • • . • MI SCELLANEOUS NEWS - One of man ' s o l d e s t known trade rou t e s was c a l l e d the "Warriors Pa th ; " and r eacqed from central Alabama , through Tenn e s see and Ken tucky , Ind iana , in to southern Michigan . Thi s was u s ed f or c en t ur i e s . by Ind ians for warring and trad ing In many p l ac e s it was worn many feet deep and o f t en 15 t o 2 5 fee t wide . - Indian f ire f igh ter s bat t led a 3 , 000-acre b laze on May 5 t h in the Lin­ c o ln Na t ional Fore s t , near Ruidos o , N. M. , a s f lame s fed on Pond er o s a p ine­ f i l led canyon s . The Indians d.ominated a camp of more than 600 men - Among s tuden t s to be l i s t ed in a national pub l icat ion , "Who ' s Who Among S tuden t s in Amer ican Univer s i t ie s and Co l leges , " i s Mr . S t ephen Mi tche l l , a member of the Penob s c o t Tr ibe and a s tuden t at Hus son Co l le ge . Nomi n a t i on s f or s tuden t s t o be l i s t ed i n the new book wer e b a s e d o n academic s t anding , extra-curricula par t ic ipa t i on , l eader s h ip and c i t i zenship . - Among thos e r e s iden t s of Washing ton Coun ty recen t ly e l e cted to the board of directors of the Washing ton Coun ty Regi onal Ac t ion Agency were Mr . John S teven s ( Ind ian Township Tribal Governor ) , Mr . Fran c i s S ap i e l ( Pa s s amaquoddy Commun i ty Ac t ion Commi t t ee Chairman) , Mr s . De l i a Mi t che l l ( Indian Township ) , Mrs . Pau l ine S t evens -( Indian Township) , Mr . Archie LaCoote ( Indi an Town s h ip ) , and Mrs . R i t a Al tavater ( Pl easan t Poin t ) . . • • . • . . �( 22 ) NO MAINE RECRUITS FOR TIMBER CUTTING (See story on Page 16, " Letter" on Page 17 ) In (th e Portland SUnday Telegram ) " Letters " column May 7th, Geo rge H. La­ Porte , New York, lament s over the injusti ces done the Maine workers who desire employment in the lumber industry, by the importation of six men from Tibet to learn the trade . If Mr . La.Porte had kept himself informed on th e employment problems of Maine lumber companies he should know that in the last 4 years the MDTA (Manpower Development Training Act ) has co nducted 4 different schools fo r th e purpos e of training pulp"uo d cutters . These s chools have been conduct ed with the advi ce and coop eration of the American Pulpwood Asso ciation, the Maine Department of Educ at ion, all th e Maine pulp and paper companie s , as well as the goverrn:nent agencies h e mentions. Trainee s were recruited by the Maine Employment Security Commi ssi on, as well as by the pulp and paper companie s . Training was given by the b est quali fied instru ctors on an On-the-Job plan . The trainees had all expenses pai d , transportation to and from th eir ·home s , board and lodging , and a training allowance . It was very diffi cult to find trainees, by any of the agencies or the lum­ ber compani es, although exten sive effort wa s made and newspap er adverti sing . One o f th e t raining schoo ls was held in sight of the Indian re servation at Prince­ ton, although th ere was never an appli cation from any Indian from there o r any­ where el se . We did have at least two co lored boys . To the best o f my knowledge not a single trainee ever comple ted more than the guaranteed three weeks of work at the trade although they were well able to do so . The apparent reason fo r this unfortunate result seemed in all cases to be a lack of any desi re to earn th eir own living \\hen it w as a:> much e asier to draw some so rt of unemployment relief . All of the large pul p and p aper companies in the state, a s w ell as many o f the independent operato rs , cooperated fu lly in any way asked , often at con­ siderable co st to themselve s . The se companies included the Great No rthern, the Int�rnational Paper Co . , Scott Paper Co . , St . Regi s, Georgia Pacifi c , Brown Co . , as w ell as a:>me of the other timber land owners . I know what I am writing about . I was the Director in charge o f all these training pro grams . Maurice Bartlett Ashland, Maine (From the Portland Sundav Telegram, 5/21/67 ) SPECIAL WORK DESTINED FOR TWO INDIANS by Jame s F . Wilm an Two Maine Ind ian youths will work on we stern res ervations AUGU STA ( AP ) for about nine weeks this summer under a program designed to "develop Indi an le aders having a good view of the total Indi an problems . 1 1 Par tic ipating will be Stephen E. Mit chell , of Ind ian Island , and Miss DeP.:l.Ila Mit chell i s a sophomore me joring in education at Franci s , of Pleasant Point . Hus so n College and Mis s Francis is a post graduate student at Brunswick High S chool . The "Target Servi ce " program spons ored by the Harvard-Radc liffe American Indian Pro j ect will give them a chance to get a new perspective on t hemselves He said this will be the and oth er Indi �, said Andrew M. Gilman, chairman . fi rst time that any Maine Indians will participate in this type proj ect . Gilman said that Mit chell, who i s a �enobscot, will work on the Ute Reser­ vation at Fort Duche sne, Utah , where he would set up a tuto�ing program probably including remedi al reading . ( Continued o n Page 23 ) - �( 23 ) ( Continued from Page 22 ) Mi s s Franci s, a Pas samaquoddy, may go to work on a Cheyenne Re servation near Billing s , Mont. , or po ssibly with the Navajo s at Flagstaff, Ari z . or Gallup, N .M . She will wo rk i n some phase of education . " The 'Whole idea of the pro gram is to give Indians a view of their situati o n , 11 Gilman said. "The tribes here in Maine have been iso lated from Indi an affairs in g ener­ al, " Maine Indian Commis sioner Edward c. Hinckley said , " and thi s give s them a chance to see what o ther Indian s are doing. 1 1 Each will be paired with a volunteer from the Americ an Indian Proje ct and will work together under target servi ce . " The intent is that the Indi an stu­ dent and the others be e qual partners, " said Hinckley. About $150 of Each Indi an parti cipant is awarded a $550 s cholarship . this sum i s used fo r transportation . (From the Bangor Daily News , 5/22/67 ) • PENOBSCOT INDIAN TAKES CANOE RACE The . first annual Kenduskeag-to-Bangor cano e and kayak marathon proved to be a rousing success Sunday and the best time for the event went to one who knows his paddling well, Kirk l-0ring, o f Old Town, a Penobsco t Ind ian. Loring competed in the one-man canoe field and covered the 18-mile di s­ tance in three hours , 25 minut es and nine seconds The event , sponso red by the Bango r Recre ation Department, drew large crowds at all vantage points Trophie s were awarded winners in all di visions . The white water at Six-Mile Falls proved th e most hazardous spot and a popular viewing area for spectato rs seven of the 32 entrie s failing to fini sh . (From the Bangor Daily News , 5/22/67 . Kirk Loring , 19 years old , is the son of Mr . and Mrs . Eugene Loring . The Newsl etter extends congratulations to Kirk and to th� Loring fcmily . ) • • • • • • • • • • • • OUTCOME COULD REVAMP WAR ON POVERTY : UNIQUE PROGR.Ai TRAJNING 17 INDIAN FAMILIES \f MADERA, Calif. (UPI ) - Seventeen Indian families from reservations through­ out t h e nation have begun a unique training program here designed to attack th e poverty probl em in it s entirety. The objective of the Madera Employment Training Center - first of its kind in the nation - i s to r each the entire Ind­ ian f amily by offering a way s tation b etween the reservation and the sometimes bewildering asp ect s of urban life . The small pilot program i s di re cted by the Philco-Ford Corp . on an initi al $497, 846 contract with the U . S . Bureau of Indian A ffair s . He i s counseled o n every­ No facet of the trainee � s life is overlooked . thing from the importance of getting to work on time to the drawback s of watch­ ing too much televi sion. "Thi s may be the answer , 1 1 said Proje ct Director Arnold Oates , a 30-year-old Texan with a Ph . D. in education admini stration. "Thi s i s the first poverty program that reaches the entire family. , With everycody in the family pulling together, we think when they leave here th ey can· move into a modern urban s etting and live suc c e ss.fully - fully able to enjoy our way of life . " David F. By�rs, Bureau of Ind ian Affai r s ex>ordinator at the center, see s ramifi cat ions for the poverty program. " Thi s program is strictly fo r Indians ' " he s ai d . "But other people are watching u s . If we ' re suc ce s sful , I think the ide a may b e u s ed to help lift other minari ty groups out o f the poverty cycle . " The Indians themselves for the m&t part are noncommittal . Having been at the cent er less than a month, mo st are r eluctant to comment on their strange new environment . ( Continued on Page 24 ) �(�) ( Continued from Page 23) Each Indian family live s in a mo dern, suburban-type home , complete with ele ctri c kitchen, front and b ack l awns , tastefully furni shed living and b edrooms and the inevitable TV set . The cluster of home s , laid out in city blo ck s , formerly hou sed the familie s o f Air Force personnel wo rking at th e former Air The program in cludes an intensive course in family living For ce radar base as well as vo c ational training to give employable trainee s a saleable skill . Tho se over 16 who are consi dered employable attend clas ses during the day Life c enter in a routine similar to the average urban Ameri can ' s work day . counselors take over in the evening , acquainting the trai�ee s with modern fami ly living, as well as lei sure activitie s training is o ffered Vo c ational training include s six major trade areas in automotive and engine repair, cleri cal o c cupations, appli ance and radio-TV repair, drafting , and electroni c s assembly . - supplemental courses are offered in culinary art s , medic al teohnology and building trade s o c cupations A job placeme nt offi ce i s charged with findi ng the trainee the job he w<'rnt$ c:1 f cer completio n of th e program . The offi ce wi ll then make periodi c che cks with the employer and the t rainee to determine his progress . Evaluations of the findi ng s will be used to improve the pro gram . No specific t ime limit is set for completion of the program for any one trai ne e • . . • "When we think he is ready to cope wi th the complexitie s of urban living, we 1 11 try to get him a job, " said Community Affai rs Directo r John Johnson Some fini sh first and others " This thing i s kind of like a horse rac e . fini sh last . The idea is to keep the last one moving forward . " (From the Portland Sunday Telegram, 5/21/67 ) • • • • • • • • • • • • • . • • • • • • • LEGISLATIVE REPORT ( Continued from Page 14 ) A new l egi slative do cument , L . D . 1645, "AN ACT Des cribing Indi an Voting Di strict s , 1 1 was introdu ced by Senato r Beckett (R-Washington County ) at the re­ que st of Indian Commissioner Hinckley, to correct some obvious erro rs in the present des criptions an Title 21, Section 1621, of the statute s ) of the voting di strict s made up of the three Reservations . Bills on the following sub jects were in th e indi cated stages o f the legi s­ lative proce s s , a:s of May 18th : Tribal Repre sentative s t compensation and allo·.-:­ anc e s ( L . D . 1 86 ) tabled in th e Senate pendin � ac ceptance of connni ttee report ; reported 110ught Not Tribal Representatives ' ri ght s and privileges ( L . D . 188 ) to Pas s " in the House and Senate ; Degree of Blood of Penobscot Indi an s ( L . D . 1096 )­ report eri "Ought Not to Pas s " in the House q.nd Senate . (A bill that has been reported "Ought Not to Pas s " in both the Hous e and the Senate i s consi dered "Dead .. 11 - - LOCATION OF SKOWHEGAN INDIAN STATUE DECIDED (See s to ry o n Page 8 ) SKOWHEGAN - Location o f the Indi an Statue was decide� a t a meeting o f the Touri st: Hospi tality Asso ciation here Wedne sday night at the Teak Room at Whitte­ mo re· ' s Restaurant . The statue , to be carved by Bernard Langlais o f Cushing, will be plac ed at th e Eddy, Route 2, on th e south si de of the highway near the Kennebec River . It is expected that th e work will be completed by fall. Cedar fo r the statu e Will b e donated by Joseph Cayouett e . A dis cu s sion was h eld co nc erning fund s for th e pro je ct . The Sentinel for May 18th carried (From the Waterville Sen;tinel, 5/11/67 . Indian holding a fi sh, fish spear an unfini shed model o f the statue, showi ng an and net . ) · �( No c. o w b o� � � IF YOU v ANT - a free " s t ar t er sub scrip­ t ion to the Maine Ind i an New s • l e t ter ; - news of Ind ian af fair s in �aine and around the coun try ; - to know what other Tr ib e s ar e doing , thinking and p l an ­ ning ; f \ r ·-- ---- � r i- e l VJ d -:J v s I I C' Y1 '.) r 'ilc. :I. � d ; a �1 s r1 � \,.\) s c fh (? j- 5 U f3 5 C <f� I 13 [ \ 0 1 t- ff'c.t le. \ {o 0 .A Y/ - Maine ' s ONLY home or THEN - MAINE INDIAN NEWSLETTER Pine S treet Freepor t , Maine 0403 2 · !!Q !! N�J i ; : !:i:: !���=�P:���;�; h ter .. / -=:��� f.�}jJ ( (� �-) /; (/) /L . ( q t Ind i an-edited , s t ate -wide mo n t h : ly pub l icat ion , in t ended t o 1 \ increase the knowledge of a l l · . . j ·· / I:� J ' -� � J �1�:�ir�i:�e���;t�1�/,.1 / ,�� E!i;:���!:��b:i�!:�;:!;;:m:!�me:fu11y '}'' �f' . ' '.•·\ >JI =�� !P�!:� ;�::: c�: 1. N�o:����:. :�e ·�� accept ed t Reader s T� r e ce ive e i ther Indian or non- regular /' ...-.:<.,,·-:. ·..../· : / , . .. ;-:::..- ..� :>=· . "· com- monthly growing pub l icat ion , se nd your name and addr e s s on a piece of paper to : MAINE IND IAN NEWSLETTER Pine S treet Freepor t , Maine 040 3 2 }<::'. Zii,J �f il'le BULK RATE U. S. POSTAGE 2 7 / 8 ¢ PAID Freep or t , Maine Permi t No . 33 S tr e e t Freepor t , Maine 040 3 2 Colby Colle ge Library Watervi l le , Me . Ou901 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Penobscot Description An account of the resource The Penobscot people, who identify closely with the Penobscot River that is their home, have a reservation on Indian Island, near Old Town, Maine. Part of the Wabanaki Confederacy, they were among the tribes that won federal recognition in the 1980 Maine Indian Land Claims Settlement Act. <br /><br />A Penobscot scholar, Joseph Nicolar, was one of the first regional Native people to publish a book: <em>Life and Traditions of the Red Man</em> (1890). Since then, many others have written about their language and culture, including the performing artist Molly Spotted Elk and poet Carol Dana.<br /><br />The Penobscots have a rigorous process for protecting their intellectual property, asking any scholars who are studying or writing about them to communicate with their Cultural Heritage and Preservation Office.<br /><br /><strong>Resources</strong><br /><br />Penobscot Nation <a href="https://www.penobscotnation.org/" target="_blank">website</a><br /><a href="http://www.penobscotculture.com/" target="_blank">Penobscot National Cultural &amp; Historic Preservation Department</a><br /><br /> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <em>Maine Indian Newsletter</em> (May 1967) Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource ssipsis (Thompson, Eugenia) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Colby College Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1967-05 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Julia Brush Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Digital images courtesy of Colby College Library. In making these images available, we also consulted with ssipsis’ daughter, Pam Outdusis Cunningham. Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Document Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource pdf Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DV-469 https://www.dawnlandvoices.org/collections/files/original/800cd114335eda0dc2f2056dac93f1af.pdf 8b49756bbf55a823a4330eecfe8115e5 PDF Text Text E MARC H 1967 APR CGb .. PENOBSCOTS DEPLORE PROPOSED INDIAN AFFAIRS BUDGET C UT gf � ans on t he Penobsc ot R e s erv nion h ope t h a t t h e Le gislature will not approve G ov. Kenne t h M . Cur t is' re commended cnr. in the propose d bud ge t of the D e partme n t o f Ind ian A f f airs. T he Indians we re op t imis t ic a ye ar ago when the ir own d e par tme n t was cre a t e d . "We w orke d long and hard f or this , " accor ding t o Pe n obs c o t Tribal G ov. J ohn M . Mi tche ll . Maine is t h e only s t a t e in the coun try t o have a S t a t e D e part me n t 'of Indian Affairs. C on gre s s i onal d e l e gate� and tribe s f r om o t he r s t a t e s have alre ady e xpre s s e d a n i n t e r e s t i n t h is new appr o a c h t o Indian Af f airs. Some fe de ral officials are als o v e ry in t ere s t e d in d e v e l o pme n t s in Maine . It was the inten t of the new d e partme n t t o impr ove c on di t i on s on the re s e rv a t i ons , in par t , by c r e a t i n g p os i t i ons f or the Indian whi c h w ou l d b o t h help w i th govern i n g the tribe s a n d t o b o o s t e c o n omy . O t he r propos e d pos it ions , s u c h as a h ousi ng and c on s t ruc t i on o f f i c e r , w ou l d be e s s e n tial if a .h ous i n g pr o gram were t o be adminis t e r e d on any o f t he re s e rv a t i ons . T h e fe deral gover nme n t w o u l d fund s uch a pro gram and t he s ta t e would pay admin is tra t i o n and re la t e d s ervice s . Indian Affairs C ommis s i on e r Edward C . Hinckle y has said that his d e ­ par t m e n t h a s b e e n l imi t e d 'by a relat iv e ly smal l budge t t o · t r e a t i n g on ly "sympt oms" o f t h e problem d uring the :fir s t ye ar . . T r ibal leaders declare that it would be imposs ible f or the d e par t­ me n t to f unct i o n as m·iginally intePcl'ed. ; i f t h e· Le gis l� t ure approve s t he stc:1.t.e 's L'ecommcwlcd cut s. S ome o f the d e par tment 1 � r e que s t s in t he Par t lI lmdget ( ope rat ing f unds f o r improveme n t s and e xpans i on of s e rvi c e s ) ·have be e n cut 100 per ce n t . Erne s t Gos lin , Pen obscot Tribal C ouncil membe r , poin t e d out t ha t "the salar ie s o f t h e commis s ion e r , t w o agen t s , an d a s e cre t ary , as we l l a s office e quipme nt, t e leph one , and t ravel expense s a l l c ome from the appropriat i on . S o de re gu lar s e rv ice s s uch as f ire pro t e ct i on , plowi n g a n d rubbish remova l. T h i s d oe s d e p le t e the appr opriat ion s omewha t . " According t o Triba l Gove rn o r Mitc�ell , 11t he s t at e bud ge t re c omme n da­ t i ons so cut the D e partment ot Indian A f fairs' pr opo s e d•bud ge t t h a t i t woul d be d ifficult for the departme n t t o maint.ajn e xisting s erv ice s , much l e s s to do anything n e w. Le gislat ive approval of t h e pr opo s e d bud ge t cut would d e ny the Indian a j us t place in s oc ie ty, With an inade qua te bud ge t t he Indian mus t e n dure the embarras sment t h a t he is a ward und e r a t rus tee , rather t han a be n e ficiary to a trus t. How, t h e n , can the image o f the Indian as a pe rpetual failure be e rase d?" ( Con tinue d on Page 2) �( 2) PENOBSCOTS DEPLORE C UT ( Continued f r om Page 1 ) • • • Mitc hell n o tes t ha t a n exten s i on o f the present water a n d sewer lines and the c ons truct i on: of a c ommu n i ty bui ldin g are to_p pr i o r ity i terns ·f or t he resictents o f the PenobRc ot R�servation . There are presently 11 h omes w ith nei t her water nor sewerage d i s p o s al . S ome o f these f am ilie s c urry water f r om a "fau cet house" . T here is al a wel l from whi c h five famj.lies draw water. In addi t i on t o rel ieving hardship f or these people , Mit c he l l p oints o u t that a new l ine would make ava i l ab le new h o use l ots . F urthermore, t here are only f our.£ire hydran t s on t h e is land , wh i c h is three and one-hal f mi les � n c ir c um feren ce. One hydrant in the Oak H i l l area serves 24 h omes . T his is an obvious s a fety h a z zar d . Pen obs c ot Reservation water and sewerage is listed qui te h i gh �n t he over a l l state c onstr u c ti on budget . I f i t remains in this pos iti on, ther.e is a g o o d c hance that the pr o j ect wi ll b e f un ded . On the other hand, c on­ s t r u c ti on of a c ommunity bu i ld i n g is a very l ow pr o j ect in t he overa l l bud get and i t i s extremely unlikely that funds wi l l b e avai lable i f the cut is approved . Pen obs c ot Indians want a new buildin g t o replace the o l d T ribal Ha l l . T he T r iba l H a l l presen t ly serves the c ommunity f or numer ous func t i ons . Monthly c ounc i l meetings , genera l meetin gs, c h u r c h ga t her in gs, weddings , dan c es, and va rious you th ac tivities are a l l held there . It would be a t remend ous as set t o the c ommun i t y to have pleasant and modern s ur r oundings f o r these func t i ons . Fur t hermore , a n.ew bui lding c ould be a base f or �r o grams and improve­ ments whi c h Mit c hell hopes to init iate d uring his term as govern o r . In h i s inagura l ad dres s , ii t c he l l c i ted the need for a better you t h pro­ gram and a c entra l o f f i ce f or t r ibal rec ords and statistic s . He envi s ions a new building t h a t w ou ld make satis faction of these needs pos s ible and serve t he c ommu n i t y in other ways as wel l . A c ommun i t y building c ou ld be a center f or youth a c tivities o f a s c ale and nat u re n o t pr acti c a l in t he o l d hal l . A c entr a l o f f i c e where treatias and other d o c ument s w o u l d be preserved and open to inspec t i on c ou l d be h oused in t he bui l d ing. Presently s u c h papers are in t he possess­ i on o f pas t and presen t t ribal o f f i c ials and s t ored, in s ome c ases, in c ardboard b oxes . A sec t i on o f the bui lding c ou ld c on t ain an I ndian museum . Many va l­ uable reli c s are f ound l o c ally and s ol d out of s t ate . S u c h artifac ts c ou ld be purchased , ins tead, by t he t r ibe and displayed. The d on ati on t o the t r ibe of at leas t one f ine Ind ian rel i c c ol lection h as· been dec l in­ e. d bec a use o f l a c k of f a c i l ities . Mitchell emphasizes that the c reation o f s u c h a museum w ou l d be a great help to s h ops on the i s land , and a lso a t ou r i s t a ttrac t i on for the wh o le state . A l ibrary w o u l d be an o t her p os s ibi l i t y . Here again, it has been ne­ c es s ary t o refuse o f fers o f bo oks . ( A p h o t ograph ac c ompan ied this ar t i c le w h i c h sh owed S tephen Paul leavin g t he " fa u c e t h o use" at Pen obs c ot Ind ian Reservat i on at O l d T own , a fter d r awin g water f or h i s f ami ly . T he faucet serves s ix f amil ies . ) ( Fr �m t he:Portland S unday T elegram, Mar c h 12, 1967, A r e a C or resp on d ­ en t , C harlene M . H a ll) o is by not Beck, order your for (See� INDIANItTALES,stillHoracetooP. late. tofrom athereviewcopy of GLUSI<AP THE LIAR & OTHER of this Indian Newsletter, Vol. I, !-!o for Newsletter, book.) 6, $5 . 95. �FTiASH - FL.A.SH - FLASH - FLASH - FLASH .- . FLApH - FLASH - FLASH - FIASH - FLASH Freeport - LATE EDITORIAL NEWS the arrival of WILLD.M QUTIJCY Cn !t:arch 24th, Editor Eugenia Th o::np s o n reports THOMPSON, checking in at 8 pounds, 15 ounceslU11 EDI TORIALS THE JviAINE IND IAN NEJ'JSLETTER EDITOR E UGEN IA T. THOMPSON ( Pen obs c o t ) The Maine Ind ian News let t er is Maine'G only state-w�de Indj�n ncwBl����r , and is free o f c harge. I News an d s t ories may be submi t t ed t o the New s le t ter by t he 15th o f eac h mon t h f or pub l i c at ion at the f ollowing address: Pine St reet Freeport, Maine 04032 (Teleph one: 865-4253) Let t ers t o the· Ed i t or are wel c ome but mus t c on f orm t o the rules required by every newspaper . T hey mus t bear t he writer ' s c orre c t name and addres s alth ough pen names are perwi t tcd at t he discre t i o n o f t he E d i t or. All let t ers mus t be signed th ough names will be w i thheld from publ i cat i on on req ues t . Preferen ce wi ll be given to let ters n o t over 350 w ords in len gt h . Let ters are sub jec t t o c ondensat i on or e d i t i n g when s pace l imi tat i ons require and to c orrec t i on of gr�mmer or o b v i ous err ors. * * * * • * ED ITOR IAL The New s le t ter submi t s that it was un t h inki ng and unreasonable t o reduce the Ind i�n Af fairs (.art I I ) and C on s t ru c t i o n budge t s from �263,315 t o $60,000 f or the next t w o years . �e feel t hat our Indians s h ould n o t take a back seat t o s u c h a " c u t " We feel t hat o ur I ndians are people who s h o uld be given the same advan tages as o t her c i t i zens. It is true th�t the s tate has a treat y wit h i t s Ind ians t o �rov ide certain serv i ces, sut�as heal t h , educat ion, and welfare , but this s h o uld n o t mean the Ind ian would carry t he sarue burden as a welfare recepien t . The Indians are a se gmen t o f o ur pop­ u la t i on wh o have iden t i f iable problems whic h , even if they were n o t I n­ d ian , s h o uld c on cern us , and whi c h should bear tendi n g. T hese iden t i­ f iable problems are lac k o f running wat er , lac k of sewerage s ys tetas , . lack o f adequate p olice and f ire pro tec t i o n , lac k o f adequate h ous i ng, things whi c h mo s t :Maine c i t izens take f or gran ted . Wh i le we ought t o give bac k t o t he Ind ian measure f or £Lteasure, we s urely can make a s tart in prov i ding f unds f or the3e pro jec t s . Neces sary t o man t hese pro j e c t s are: Hous ing and C on s t ruc t ion Offi cer , So c ial �ork­ er II , t w o Ac c ount C lerk I ' s , S o c ial �·welfare O f f i cer , and Ec on omi c ·a nd Human Devel opment Of ficer, Many of t he needs o f the I nd ians w�ll be lef t un f u l f i lled and uncared f or as l ong as we put �ff providing t he people neces sary t o train and as s i s t our In dians to re-develop t heir as well as o ur own heritage . Many o f the I nd ian neeJs are n o t merely f inanc ial , yet t he ohly way t h. e se needs will ever be met is by our spend in · . en ough rnoney t o prov i de t he kind o f people t o s o lve t hese problems . A s �all �art o f t he .bud get .( $2500) is t o pro v ide f or an i n c rease in the C 0Illli1 iss i.Jner ' s salary. We feel t h i s is necessary because we s h o uld n o t expec t anyone t o s tay on w i t h o u t t hi s t ype o f in cent ive . Any bus inessman would agree t o t h is , (Cont inue d on· Page 4 ) I'm s ure. AN • . �(4) ( An E d i t or i a l c on t ' d f r om page 3) We r e a lize t hat the Le gis la t ive C om it t e e on ·Appropr ia tions raa;t n o t f e e l t h e y c an r e in s t a t e t h e wh o l e Indian Af fairs budge t a s it should be , h oweve r , even t h o ugh t he D e pa r t me n t of I ndian Af fairs is a swa l l d e pa r t me n t, i t s budge t s h o u l d be given the same c onsid e r ation a s w i l l be g ive n t h e o t h e r s t a t e d e partme n t a l budge t s . hs mueh as p o s s ible s h o u l d b e r e ins t at e d i n the I nd ian budge t i f the progr e s sive beginn ing Jade b y t h e 102nd Le'gis la t ure is t o be c on t inue d. Th e I n dians in Maine w i l l c ont inue to draw a t t e n t i on to the S t a t e ; we f e e l t hat r e ins t a ting t h e budge t will e nable the I ndians t o impr ove t he ir l o t and w i l l bring the r igh t kind of public i t y to the s t a t e • • • • • • • GUEST ED ITORIAL Th e w o r d " Pove r ty" has be e n p opular ize d by The G r e a t S o c i e ty, ye t a c opper-co l ored pe ople who o n c e r oame d wit hout r e s t rain t t h i s vast are a w e r e cognize as a �epublic , f e l t the pangs of pove r t y as have n o o t h e r pe ople , who a c q uir e d their plight b y t h e a c quisition o f t h e i r lan ds and u11j11"'t e xploj tation. Th e minds o f many are be c oming e n ligh t e ned by our nat i onal t re a tment o f the Ame r i c an Ab origine s . H e r e and t h e r e have be e n champions who have made e l o q u e n t appe als in be ha l f of t he R e d B r o the r . Any one reading the bril lian t ly writ t e n "Br oke n Pe a c e Pipe s " re c ognizes in the a u t h o r a c hampi o n o f t h e Indian . To r e a l l y be a u t i f y Ame r i c a , le t us first r e c tify our r e s e rvation e r r ors, by giving aid as boun ifully and trus t f ul ly as we do abr o ad , t o Indian l e ade r s , that ThRY a t t h e ir descre tion use s u c h t o re s t ore r e se rvat i ons to places o f s u ffic ienc y and s e c u r i t y for t h o s e c on c e rn e d . T-, IS we ow e TJlEM . �e s ho u ld be pr oud the Ind ian d e s i r e s t o ke e p his ide n t i t y , f o r he t r u l y is the f i rst Ame r i c an , do we wish to e x c lude him f r om t hat whi c h h e is d e servlng because o f th i s? Th e r e is talk o f termi na t i o n , again be ing the right f u l _iune r i c an , s ha l l we r e fuse t h e Indian , his fre e dom o f c h oi c e ? - P o c ahon t as Hagy • • • * • C ONS TRUCTION OF PAVILI ON MOVES 1-.h.EAD Th e Indians of C anada Pavi lion is quic kly t�king shape and n e a ring c omple t i on. Th e s t yl iz e d t e e-pee is n ow c ompl e t e ly e n c l o s e d and basic c arpe ntry on the in s ide i s finishe d . Land s c aping i s 60% c ompl e te and i t wi l l be fini shed by e a r l y spring. Mur a ls a r e t o be pain t e d by Ind ian artis t s f r om a c r o s s C an ada on the o u t s id e walls a t t h e ba s e of t h e t e e -pe e. The paint ings are to be finished i n t ime f or the o p e ning of Expo 67. Th e s i t e o f our pavili on is a par t icularly good one as it is f l anke d on one side by the Unit ed Nations Favilion and the Canada Pavi lion on t he o t h e r . . A mon o-ra i l , p o s s ibly the f i r s t of i t s kind in C a nada , wi l l pass our Be yond the·mon o-ra i l lie s the p avilion on the o t h e r s ide of t he s t r e e t . S t . Lawre n c e River with the Mont r e a l skyline f orming a spe c t a c u lar ba c k­ g r o und . ( Th e Indian Ne ws, Ottawa, Ontari o, D e c �, 1966) · �(5) MAINE INDIA1\J GOVERNORS RESTORATION meetingFAJRMINGTON - Governors ofsupport in restoring this year'stoldofaproblemss here Friday nighturged the public is becoming more aware woman' that two Maine Indian reservations facing requestpeople,theandtribes. their fer budgetJohn Mitchell of the Penobscot Reservation, and John Stevens of the (Indian Association of University Passamaquoddy Reservation, met spoke of the inception a AmericanTownship)Department of IndianWomen. Both with the Franklin Chapter, ear ago of yreservations.the Affairs, and both told of needs at the time, first st legislative become"For a citizens," -.Gatovernor Mitchell stated,positiontheof equality." to He equal long aimed thehelpingresidents ofathis"and longed budget that Ind i.aisns believe the requestsachieve just, and are working toward us be added request the cuts made by GovernortoCurtis. restorationspeaker said Maine Indians have long endured poor conditions and of The which keep them perpetual failures. He outlined some of the situations many contributions of theofMaine Indianswe toeat, language and state andused by society as sucharmedtheforces, a demo�ratic form of government, and the tactics many the and oth�rs. of the recent problems of Indian conservationtheservices, In Mitchell speaking are about nuns. Whiteschool on Indian the on attend Governorwhere there saidathere teacher and twopupils at schoolschildrenreservations, Island also. Afterlay fifth grade, students go to junior high and high is the the school the reservation. He said the schools were transferred from schools off of the jurisdictionJuly. the Health & Welfare Department to the Department of Education last Mitchell outlined some of the budget requests in detail, which Governor included money for salaries of personnel, and otherworkers, water and sewage projects, construction work and repairs, social Indians need the help of Governorincluding legislatorstheandaudience that costs. attend the legisla­ many hearings and learn what told Indianscitizensandwhohelp them achieve their people, John Stevens the need will tive needs. "The Indians have been neglected for many years and need a lot of things," Governor Stevens century"We notgoes. for only has just want in catchpast withseethis said. budgetarrerequestaskingjustified."much, towelook to the up to that our before it is One too back Governor Stevens said there are about Indians on the two reserva­ tions �aid Township Pleasant Point. cut the only opportunities work.theatHeIndian mechanizedandwood operations had Men can work obtain seasonal for Governor Stevens said the young people move off the reservation as soon Indians. as possible are slowly no as the young people interest in and as them. culture handicrafts said there aredyingopportunitiestheforolder show noTheir does notlearning them. He basket-weaving, done by residents, bring in much money since the Indians receive only a pittance payment from the wholesalers. said in the there two and and a teacherStevens school. in grades through area,s�venth.arewhitenuns Frenchlay at integrated the pupilsGov. Stevens spoke of the Department of Indians Affairs as being ':a are the Indian, newborn baby,Indians.mustHebestatedtothegrowi; andrequestits programs havehelp fed hope to the which (Continuedbudget said needed to given on Page URGE WDGET legislative at e have 1967 country, dev(O'lopme.nt fnods 50 700 Petar D�na P� 6) was �(6) ( Continued from Page 5) the Depar tment do i t s work t o he lp t he I nd i ans. He sai<l the major i ty o f t h e Passamaquoddy peop l e are now on welfare. They have, he said, a lo t of t imter and with he lp cou ld work up some type of wood indu s try. In answer to a ques t ion, Gov. S t evens told o f find ing an o ld deed wh7reby the Commonwe lth of Massachuset t s gran t ed acr eage to the Pa�samaqu � oddy Tribe. Re said t heir actual land is much less than the deed s tates. An attorney is wor�ing on thi s probl em. Bo t h men sai d Ind ians have so many pr oblems they canno t s o lve thems elves , they go ou t side f or help. Bo th reservat ions have been helped �y VI S TA volun teers. The se young people stay for a year and help in t he schoo l s wi th tu tor ing, work af t er hour s g iving help t o students who need special attention, anddeve lop recrea t i on pr o j ects. Jim O ' Donnell, a.native of San Francisco and VI S TA volunt eer pre sen t ly working with the Peno1sco t s , to ld the meeting of hi s work, and that he hopes f o� a summer r ecr eat ion program w i t h spor t s and a day camp program. David Berute, a nat ive o f Augu s ta, al s o at tended the meet ing. He is pr e s e n t ly with the Pas s amaquoddy working in educa t i on and recreat ion. Both Governors and VI S TA worker s answered many questions dur ing a s ocial hour f o l l owing the ir formal pr esent ation. ( F r om the Por tland Press-Herald, 2/20/67. A s imi lar ar t icle appeared in the F ebruary 24t h Farmington Journal Chronicle} & INDIAN LEG I SLATORS ' LOT IMPROVED SLIGHTLY The March 3r d Kennebec Journal reported: Hou se major i ty Republ icans tr ied to g ive the two I nd ian repres entatives some postag e stamp s , phone calls and auto mi leage Thursday (March 2nd} but some Democratic members held up the ef fort. "I think it goes a b i t too f ar," said Rep. James T. Dudley, D­ Enfield. "There are a b it too few of those people in the state." Rep. Jo s e ph Binnette, D-Old Town, tabled the proposal unt i l the ·7th. The order, pr esented by the House major i ty leader, Rep. Harri son L. Ri chards on, R- Cumberland, was t he result of a GOP decision in caucu s on the 1 s t. It would have given Ind ian tr ibal representative s John Nel s on o f the Penob scot Tr ibe and George F rancis of the Passamaquoddy Tribe the same postage and telephone pr ivileges as other members. It wou ld haye g iven them automob i le mile age for 10 r ound tr ips between their homes and Augus ta. Tile regu lar members get mileage f or one round tr ip a week and the se s s ion usually lasts 20 weeks or more. Ind i an repr e s enta t ives have seats in the House tut no vote. They receive $500 each, no t the full $2,000 of regu lar memb ers. When the matter was brought up again, on March 7th, the Newsletter unde r s tand s that it was again tabled, t his time until the 9th, by Rep. Frank Miliano, R-Eastport, at the request o f Rep. Bi nnette. On March 1 0t h, the Kennebec Journal reported: An order to g ive I ndian r epresentatives pos t ag e and telephone cred it cards and reimbursement for 1 0 r ound tr ips t o the legislature during the regular session was passed after being delay e d a week without explanation. The Senate passed it on March 14th. The Ind ian Affairs Committee of the leg islature, at its first hear ing, on March 8th, heard testimony on several bills. Two of them, ·L.D. 186 1 88, wou ld, i f enac·ted, g ive the two Indian legislative representatives 11the same compensation, mileage and' allowance as any other memb er o f the Senate and House of Representatives" as well as "a seat in the House of Representative s and all pr ivileges, rights and duties o f other r epr esentatives, including the r ight to s erve in. a nonvoting capacity on any coinmittee': with the ex­ ception of "the right to vote on pend ing leg i slation" . ( Continued on.Page 7) · & �( 7) INDIAN LEGI SLATOBS ' ( Cont inued from Page 6) • • . • Al t hough t here was s ome d i s cu s s i on a t the hear ing r egar d ing po s s ible changes concerning t he repr esen t atives' righ t to speak on t he f l oor of the Hou s e , t he only witnes s who s poke in oppo s i t ion to t he ti l l s was Rep . Binnette . The two ..L.D . s were j o in t ly spons ored by Rep . Car l ton Sco tt , R-v!ilton , and Rep . G lenn S tarbir d , D-Kingman . INDIAN AFFAIRS COMMITTEE HOLD S FIRS T HEARING & In add i t ion to L.D . s 186 188 , described in the preced ing s tory , t he Ind ian Af fair s Committee of the legi s lature scheduled three other bil l s f or hear ing on March 8th . L . D . 144 ( Presented by Rep . S tarb ird ) , 11AN ACT Relat ing to Specially Des igneg Mo t or Veh icle Number Plates f or Indian Agents and Commi s s i oner of I nd ian iAffairs," was wi thdrawn at the reques t o f Ind ian Affair s Commi s s ioner Edward Hinckley . L.D . 634 ( Presen ted by Sen. Jon Lund , R-Kennebec) , 11AN ACT Provid ing f or Review of Laws Relating to Maine ' s Ind ian Tr ibes , was \·l ithdrawn at the request of Commi s s ioner Hinckley f o l l owing a specia l meet ing with the Penobsco t Tribal Counci l and Pas samaquoddy Legi s lat ive Represen t a t ive George Franci s . L . D . 633 ( Presen t ed by S enator Lund ) , "AN ACT Relat ing to Conveyance of Reservation Lands f or Penobsco t Tr ibe of Indian s , " was suppor t ed by Hinckley, Penob s co t Legi s lat ive Represen t ative John Nel s on, and a numba.- o f Penob s cot t r ibal member s presen t . No one at �he.hear ing spoke in opp o s ition t o t he bi l l . An opinion rr om the At torney General ' s o f f ice was read to t he Commi ttee indica t ing that pas s age wou ld "no t in any way adver sely affect t he tenure which t he Indian s have in their l ots1 1 and wou ld n o t 11in any way change t he O\.mer ship of l o t s already as s igned and wi l l n o t af fect the owner ship o f future l o t s which may be as s igned . ' The bi l l reques ted the el imination of the phrases "dur ing t he p l easure of t he Legi s l ature11 and 11dur ing the wi l l of the Legi s lature;' from ind ividual Penobscot deed s and from t he s t atutes refer r ing to t he as s ignment of Penob­ s co t Reser �at ion lo t s . The News letter under stand s that the eliminat ion o f these phrases wou ld give Penob scot tr ibal member s "clear" t i t le t o their as s igned lots, r ather t han t itle depend ing on t he whims of fu t ure legis latures . 1 · L.D. 634 was reported out of the C0mmittee to the Senate with the recornmendati0n that it be granted " Leave to Wi thdraw," on March 14th. L.D. 633 was reported o ut of the Committee b the Senate with an "Ought to Pass " recommendation, rm the 14th . L .D. 144 was reported tc the House fr("m th e, C"mmittee with a " Leave t0 Withdraw" r ec<.-mmendati�n, and L.D. 186. ( pertai ning to c ompe nsati"'n and allcwances for the Indian Legislative Representatives ) was reported to the Hous e by the Canm:ittee with an "Ought ti") Pas s " recommendati on, on the 14th. As of March 3 1 s t, the News let ter under stand s that these bi l l s are in t he f o l lowing s tatus: The two b i l l s to be withdrawn ( L.D. 144 634 ) have been withdr awn and are "dead . 11 The two t i l l s per t aining to compensat ion and pr ivi leges of t he Ind ian Legi slative Representat ives ( L . D . 186 188) are s t i l l being di scussed in commit tee and on t he Hou se f l oor . ( See related s t ory on Page 19) The b i l l pertaining to the word ing of deed s of Penob s co t Tr ibal members· was s igned into l aw by Governor Cur t i s on March 2 3rd . ( L . D . 633 ) & & �. (8) INDIAN PAVILION EXPO '67 by Duke Redbird 11.fay your form reflect The symetry of our wigwams and teepees May your structure incorporate The strength of our leng houses both East and West And may your walls create The warmth ('If our fires That have burned a hundred thousand years. May your colors express The pageantry of our ceremonies May your tapestries weave The story of our Great Men both Then and Now May your fabrics portray The contrasts of our culture That has lived a hundred thousand years. May your furnishings tell The simplicity of our wants and needs May your accoutrements spell The multiplicity of our tongues both Old and New May your designs whisper The tale of ur legends That have been told a h undred th,,usand years. May your fixtures cast Th e li ght of ur learning May your shadows project The mystery and depth of our religion both Remembered and Forgotten May your fountains recall The bubble of our laughter and the silence of our That echo across a hundred thousand years. May your floor combine The past and t he future of our tears people II.fay your carpets spin The mosaic of our complexities bi:>th common and unusual May your foundation exhibit The strength of our wisdom and knowlndge For we have waitei a �undred thcusand years. ( The auth, r read this poem at the formal unveiling i:>f the scale model The building will be erected at ef the Indian Pavilion in Ottawa, Canada. Mr. Duke Redbird is an Indian of the Saugeen Indian the Mont.real E xpo T67. R epri n ted from the Journal of American Indian Educatien, Reserve in Ontario. Tempe, Arizona, Jan�a ry 1967 ) MUSKIE SPONSORS STATE INDIAN RESERVATION BILL This bill would enable Indians, such as our Penobscots and Passamaquoddies, who live on State reservations to develop_their own Conmunity Action prsgrams Pre­ to"iimprove the quality of their lives under the War on Peverty pr gram. sently, our Indians can only be a part of count y programs. Under Senator �1uskie's bill, they would have the option of designing their own programs · er of participating in c o unty programs. ( From Senator Muskie's "Letter to Maine, 11 March 4, 1967) �. (9) 11THIS LAND WAS THEIRS" A Study ef the North American Indian by Wendell H. Oswalt, Associate Prefessor of Anthropolngy, University of California, leis Angeles The North American Indian has fascinated children and adults ever since the discovery of the continent - there have been romantic narri:itives, �(�110l:n:Jy studies and stylized paintings. "This Land Was Theirs 11 is the f j rst book to describe the historically changing lifeways of Indian tribes in a parallel framework. Professo·r Oswalt describes ten tribes - the Chipewyan, the Be•thuk, the Kuskowagamiut, the Cahuilla, the Fox, the Pawnee, the TJiugjt, the Hopi, the Iroquois and the Natchez - and traces their diverse ways of life from In a final chapter, historic contact to their extinction or to modern times. he sunnnarizes the position of Indians in modern Canadian and .American life. Using a cult.ure area approach combitHrl w ith a br0ad geographical sam.pJing of tribes, }'rofessor Oswalt discusses the same range of topics about each A discussion tribe,varying the emphasis in terms of each tribe's history. of the aboriginal customs of each tribe.is followed by an analysis of the changes which have taken place in it since hist�ric contact. Professor Oswalt has stressed the basic continuities in Indian life from the past to the present and has documented the historical changes. ''This Land Was Theirs" brings to life ten ge,..graphically representative tribes by considering an actual culture-carrying unit of the tribe - it shows us the texture of North American Indian life yesterday and today. ( "This Land Was Theirs" is published by Jehn Wiley & S•ns, New York, 1966) ARE I�iAINE SKOWHEGAN INDIANS 11DRAB1 1? VJ.AN THINKS SO! Lyndon Huff and Harvey Doan Eaton, Jr., ef Skewhegan, have suggested that the Tourist Heepitality Association of that town establish 11a symbel •f community identity" for Skowhegan in the form ef a large statue of an Indian to be erected in the business area of the community. Eaton has stated, however, that preliminary study has convinced him it would be a disaster to use any ....... State of Maine Indian as the model. 11T�ey were not colorful. Teurists want glamor and color. Skewhegan is not teaching Kennebec history, but making new American history.11 Tentative thinking is for a -wood statue about thirty feet above the top of the base. Redwood is being considered as a material. In a March 1st report to the Skewhegan Te..irist Hespitality Associati•n, Mr. Eat•n stated, "Of course the selectien of a model fer t.he statue strictly is an art matter which you should handle. No layman should de this. ' But I do believe that it should be a gloriously colerful American Indian, loaded with showmanship. It does not need to be a Maine Indian. From what I have learned they were mostly on the drab side. rr Reports in the Waterville Sentinel of March Jrd and 4th, indicate that the whole purpo_ae .. •f .the statue :,is publicity and promotion to benefit Skowhegan. It has been suggested that Governor Curtis and California's Gover�or Reagan can get "national coverage" through correspondence concerning shipment of Califor­ nia redwood legs to Maine fer the statue. The Newsletttir feels that - once again - American Indians are being used to benefit only non-Indian oommerical interests, and that Maine Indians in particular are being unfairly insulted a.nd disparaged. The.Editor -wonders if Sena�r Margaret Chase Smith shares the feeling of her fellow townspeople. Readers'conments on this matter are invited! · · �( 10 ) . OREGON INDIANS PLAN TIMEER MILL by Ma lco lm Bauer WARM S PRINGS , ORE. - A cen tury and mor e ago , s e t t l er s in the American We st s e t t l e d t he Amer ican Indian on re servat i ons. The r e s ervations consisted o f l ands the whi t e s e t t l er didn ' t want - a t l ea s t at the t ime. Chi e f Jo seph ' s Nez Perce wer e dr iven ou t of t he l and they wanted - Or e­ g on ' s Wa l l owa Va l l ey. Much la ter , t he Klama t h Indi ans of sou thern Oregon s o ld a good par t of the ir r e s erva t ion f or the value of the t imb er - about . $40 , 000 per t ribal member. Now t he t r ib e s on Or egon ' s Warm Spr ing s Re serva t ion ar e trying to make the ir own way - in the whi t e man's way - free ent erpr i s e. They ar e in the pr oce s s of s e t t ing up a cor por a t ion to mar ke t the t imcer on t he 915 squar e mi l e s o f t he r e serva t i on through the ir own mi l l oper a t ion s . The Warm S pr ing s Re s erva t ion be s tride s U.S. 2 6 s ou the a s t o f Por t l and , j u s t sou t h o f M t . Hood. On i t s l and , on the e a s t ern s lope of the Ca scade Rang e , grow t a l l s t ands of p ine. The growth is enough to supply 80 , 000 bo ar d f e e t 0 £ lumb er annu a l ly on a su s t a ined-yield progr am. Tha t is adequate to ma intain a ma j or lumber-mi l l oper a t ion, as ha s be en demonstrated by the whi t e man ' s own ent erpr i s e in the Warm Spr ing s s t ands. The enter pr ise of the tribe s ba sed on varm Spr ing s ha s already been demons t r a t e d. They have deve loped, w i t h federa l suppor t , the commercial value o f t he s pr ing s t ha t gave t he r e s erva t i on its name. The Kah-Nee-Ta vaca t ion r e s or t in t he hear t of t he re s erva t i on is a succe s s ful t r ib a l pro j ect ca t er ing annual ly t o thous ands of f i sherme n , swimmer s and hiker s . F i ve y e ar s ago , tr ita l l e ader ship began t o s tudy the pos s ibi l i ty o f deve loping the t imber r e s ource s previou s ly proce s s e d and marke t ed by others. The Confeder a t e d Tribe s of Warm S pr ing s hir e d a cons u l t ing firm t o study t he pr o s pect s. The f irm , Corne l l , Howland , Hay e s Merry f i e ld , advi s e d , in effect: G o into bu s ine s s for y our s e lve s , a s you have a t Kah-Ne e-Ta. The eng ine er ing f irm ' s speci f ic r ecommenda t ion was to hir e an oper ating f i r m , Gunder s on As s ocia t e s of Wa s hing t on , D. C. , to deve l op t he t imter re­ s ources under direct ion of t he Confede r a t e d Tr ibe s. A spoke sman for Gunder s on said the o t her day: ';I t 's a ha l lmark of Indian affairs. Thi s wi l l make the Conf eder ated Tr ibe s s e l f - suppor t ing. They wi l l own and oper a t e t he mi l l s . One of the Ligge s t re s pons ibi l i t i e s we have i s an obl igat ion to t r a in membe r s o f t he tr ibe t o the job s which they may be abl e t o do. I t is a good bu s ine s s de a l. '1 The Bur e au of Indian Affairs suppor t s the propo s i t ion. So do the t r iba l l e ader s , including the Conf edera t ed Tr ibe s ' execu t ive director , Vernon Jack s on , speaking for t he Warm Springs , l1a sco , and Paiu t e I ndi ans who ar e memter s of t he r e s erva t ion counci l . Mr. Jackson's j ob , among o t her thing s , is t o s e e t o t he l ive l ihood o f the 1400 Indi ans r e s ident on t he r e serva t io n . The Warm S pr ing s Indians ' opport�ni ty s pr i ng s from t he same s ource t ha t gave t he Klamat h Indians a big -do l l ar· her i t ag e - t he enhanced value of t imb er. Submi t t ed by a r e ader ) (Fr on-. t he Chr i s t i an Sci ence Moni t or , 3/7/67. & & • . • • MISCELLANEOUS OLD TOWN - Mr. and Mr s . Ger a l d Baumann and chi ldr en , Be l inda and B evin , wer e r ecent guest s o f her mo ther , Mrs . Hor ace Ne l s on and her sLst er , Mrs . 'The Baumanns have be en in Arequipa , Peru , f or the p a s t 2� Wa t i e Akins. year s . Mr s. Baumann , the f ormer Eunice Ne l s on , wa s t he f ir s t Indian t o gradu a t e from t he Univers i ty o f Ma ine and rece ived her PhD in p sycho l ogy from A f t er visi t ing wi t h Mr. Baumann's pcr ents in Swi t zer­ New Yor k Univer s i ty. l and , t he coup l e wi l l r e s ide in Bo l ivi a , where s he wi l l t each ant hropology. �( 11 ) HE WEARSbyTHO UNIFORNS: BOTH CraigPATRIOTIC T.Sgt. Richard A. - AlC loves groundLIMESTONEAirman Patnode,toC.dance. partUnusual?kclerk ofFrug, an42ndbut Indian safety office, Stephen whoPatnode, lvlchief Indian, the no,accomplished The is Bomb Hing style, yes. and he makes all of his o\om dance costumes. ohmv Indian Adancer of Massena; Y., isAirman Patode tegan studying Indian dancing nativeas a while serving begancounselorhisinown costumes. during thisgreat credit toofthe was He study thatofhethe Turtle Clan at the St.ItRegis Hoha�gives early periodof the making chieftain the Mohawk family groups, for guidance in·1kcreating the costumes. one oldest of and detailed costumes, made entirely byReservation,authentic The elaborate Indian pieces, and are fashioned hand, are feathers, copies of actual and beads. horsehair, bone, rawhide, deerskinthe Air Force, Patnode was the chief and choreographer Prior to joining of thefirst honors Indian Dance Group nine other groups andN.Y., awarded Manatoanna in tookcoveted 'iBest in competition with In at Massena, was his the Holder of merit badges in scouting, and an Eagle Scout himself, Indian Dance" trophy Patnode believes scouting one the finest activities a participate married to theisformerofMary Rose Delima Bernard,inawhichMacboy can He is from the Gaspee Peninsula, uebec... (From the Bangor News, Mic Indian 1 DREAM Victor BLUE HERON" by OF THE Barnouw Abook about the difficulty transition has written colorful transplanted movingHabus was h�ppyNetherlander,ofDr. Barnouw for Wisconsina Indians. and withas they were able, and lived the old forward the northern forests as muchwhenhis grandparents who hename and knowways future. was looking his in to the time ofhishis dream� ho hadhebeen working inhis lumber mills and was living would receive rutwhites, actually kidnapped him in theand sent him to school - a father, like schoolthewherey theimpart disciplinehadtonosavagesforwasnpagan11 beliefs and believed the only ·ua stuckadministrators slipped home at tovacation. When his father to it out and then use beat them. Wabushim there tussle and the old came afterauthenticitywasofathe Indian details, grandfather was killed.Chippewa The the the the insight lands,andandheart evocationemotionallylife isbetween description of the the of school torn matched byworlds. into mind (For the youngl:reader. Published by Delacorte, New York. pages, of a oy ages Submitted by a reader) ARE b1. . . • 1958 • • • from • 196 2 , . group • • . • . • 38 • • • 3/7/6 7 ) 1905 tllO $4 . 50, 191 12-16 . MISCELLANEOUS BRUNSWICK - Altrusa Club menbers at a dinner-meeting the week of February 13th heard a talk on the Passamaquoddy Indian Reservation. Their guest speak'er was Miss Deana Francis, of Pleasant Point Reservation, wh9 is doing post-graduate study at Brunswick High School this year. college and major in physical education. OLD TOWN She plans to attend Officers elected cf St. Anne's Sodality, St. Anne's Catholic Indian Island, are: pre�ident, Mrs. Ernestine Temer; vice-president, M:-s. Rese Tomer; secretary, Mrs. Mildred Akins; and treasurer, Mrs. Elsie Lolar. Church, �(12) AN ARTICLE ON lflAINE INDIAN AFFAIRS appears in Ramparts magazine, March, 1967, pu.bl.isLe.rj oy °B..Bro�301 Broadway, San Francisco, California. '-.� �aga?.::ir�> Inn .. , DIOCESE ESTABLISHES NEW DIVISION ( The following letter was recently sent eut by Rev. Ilome ;Jr•• l'j Island - Ed. ) P. O. Box 560 Old Town, Me. Dear Frienri: �r e, •f Tt1cl-i :n1 The Roman Catholic Diocese of l'•rt-.land wh�, fer ever a century, has served the thr ee Inrli an Rei:;e1:vat.i on.q •f Maine, has recently estahl lshed a DivJ slon of Voln t+eer Serd ces under its Burean of Huma n RAl::i.t.ions Services, tc cenl.··H u,'\.t e and assist to the needs �f both the Penobscot and f'ass-3TOaq1J0rJ<iy Tr:ibes. The Committee is composed of the following members: Mr. Neil Michaud, Administrative Director of the B.H.R.S.; Mr. Edward c. Hinckley, State of Maine Commissioner of Indian Affairs; Vir. John Mcran, Member •f State of Maine Department of Educati n; Mr. Charles N. Vickery, Program Director •f the Unitarian Unive1·s lisr. Pie.njce Committee, Inc. Rev. Kenneth Hawkes, Executive Director �f the Northeast District of the Unitarian Universalist Association; , Rev. Paul u. Pare, Chaplain at the Pleasant Point Reservation; Mr. Joseph Nicholas, Passamaquoddy Indian Member of Pleasant P�int Reservati�n; Rev. Maurice Lemlin, Chaplain at the Peter Dana Point Reservation; Mr. John Stevens, Passamaquoddy Indian Member of Peter Dana P�int Reservati<ni; Rev. Rome• St. Pierre, Chaplain at the Indian Island Reservation; ¥.lrs. Jean Chavaree, Penobscot Indian Member of Indian Island Reservation; Miss Donna Byers, Penobscot Indian Member �f Indian Island, Secretary Having been elected to head this c mmittee, I have been requested t".> get in touch with you or the organization you represent concerning the interest you manifested in t he Indian s ituation. Primarily we need volunteer workers in the area of recreation, educatien and social work, at least for summe r projects with a 11piltt program" f".>r a year-round social wc·rker or public health nurse. Secondly we will als� need funds tn subsid1ze such a program and p�bably your organization might be helpful in that area. Already the Unfversalist Unitarian Service Committee, · · Inc., and the Roman Catholic Di•cese of Portland have committed themselves. We have every reason to believe that the State of Maine Department of Indian Affairs and other agencies will join in our effort to answer to the needs of our Indian comm unities • •••• We W)Uld certainly appreciate receiving an answer from you by return mail, as to what extent we can count on your participation in such potential projects for the three Indian Reservations in Maine. May -we Some of you might have already been in touch with Mr. who has referred you to our conmittee, hear from you? Charles Vickery, and requested that all further corres­ pondence be sent to this committee.• Respectfully yours, /s/Rev. ( The Romeo St. Pierre, Chairman Edit r suggests that pe�ple nr agencies interested in supp9rting the types of programs for Maine Indians that are described in Rev. St. Pierre s letter get in cqntact with him directly, at P . O. Box 560, Old Town, Maine, Ph.82'7-2l72) �(13 ) LISTENERS ' R.E.SPONSE INDICATES JN TEREST IN JNDIAN S On March 14th, Newsletter Editor Eugeni a Thomp se n and Penr.b sc,.,t Husson student St�n Mitchell appeared with Commissi one r Hinr.ld .ey •n the 111'f e tlk Stuart Inquiry Pregram 11 of Portland radi0 station WIDE . h.ssam aqnoiidy Br·m swiok H . s. student Deana Francis had also b e en invited to parti cip ate, but was unable to be present . Foll0wing a 25-minute general int erview fo rmat , conduct ed by Mr . Stuart , phone line s were opened and li steners invited to call in th ei r questions . Mr. Stuart Questicns and answers were both bro adcast frem 6 : JI to ? : J O . indicated pleas ed surpri s e at th e ameunt of int erest in Indians and Indi an affairs evidenced by th e constant succ es sien of c alls from list eners . Questions and answers covered such g eneral t opics as Indi an art s and crafts , reservation life, education, the Department of Indi an Affairs ' plans for future pr0grams, tolerance and prejudice, Maine Indian hi story, what ind ividua ] s could do t help Maine Indians, current le gi slati•n, and a few ques �:i on s about we ste rn and southern Indian tribe s . In th e course o f the pregram, Editor Thomp s n was given s everal 0pp,.,rtun­ ities to de scribe the Newslett er - its purpo ses and content - and to invite int ere sted listeners to send in their names to be placed en the mailing list for the monthly i s sues . The N ewsletter understands that Senater Richard N. Berry, Chairman • f the Legi slative Commit tee en Appropri ations and Finan cial Affai rs, wa s en the " Inquiry PM gram " a week er so earlier , and that during the c our se of hi s parti cipatien (which was no.t en Indi an affairs ) Senato r Berry received s everal calls from listeners supporting the current Department of Indian Affairs ' budget r eque sts . There i s no que stion that thi s type of support can be very us eful, either direct ed to members of the Appropri ations C�rnmittee •r to individual Senators and Representative s . This wi ll . be true even after the March 16th budget hear­ ing, as th e Cemmittee must first co nsider the budget request s of all Stat� department s, in executive ses sions , and the n the Hous e and Sena�e must consider the entire budget do cument . The Newsletter understands that· final legislative de cis ions •n Department s ' requests for supplemental funds (Part II - new service s and c onstruc tion ) are not made unti l quite lat e in t he legi sl ative s e s si�n. All readers and intere sted persons are urged to contact their legislative r�pres� enati ves and expres s thei r opini•ns regarding the Indi an Affairs budget . LIVERMORE GRANGE HEARS AIDUT lliDIANS The Livermore Grange, n February 25th, heard "an impres sive and educa­ tional talk on Maine Indi ans from the e arly 1700 ' s to the p�esent time 11 given by Mrs . Carlt.n S cott, of Wilton. She sp�ke of the Abnaki s, Algonquins , Penobscot, Kennebec and Micmac Indi an s . Many Indian relics were di splayed by members ef the Grange . COMPOSER TO WRITE OKLAHOMA STATEHOOD BALLET INDIAN SANTA FE, N 1 1 Leui s w. Ballard, Quapaw compMer, has been commi ssbned by the State of Oklahoma to write the music for a ballet to be presented during the 60th ann,ivers ary •f Oklahoma statehoo d in 1967. Gcvernor Henry Bellmen has personally invited five internationally fameus ballerinas ef Indi an heritage to participat e. Ballard is chairman •f the Musi c and Performi ng Ar-ts Depart­ ment of the Santa Fe Institute of Ameri can Indian Art . (From Indi an Progress . Central City, Nebraska, 11arch 1967 . Taken from Mr. Roger Gabri e l � (Passamaqne1ldy ) is currently a student The Amerindian . at the Institute - Ed . ) . 1 . - �(J.4 ) DOWN THE RIVER from last month ) ( Continued The Dead R iver � i nds through thi s ne c K of land , c onne c t i ng the la�e and the Andr o s c oggin R ive r seven mile s away . Some t i me s the Dead R iver flow s from the la � e i nto the Andros c ogg i n , and when the grea t r ive r i s a flood s tage , the Andro.., . nrr.,0: 1 1 1 flow s b a c k into the lake i t s e lf . I n my youth , I made thi s canoe tr ip seve ra l . t i me s , and w a s a lways f i lled w i th the thr ill o f me et ing the bright fa ce o f danger Dead R i ver . . . pos i t ive that around a bend we would mee t a party of Ind i ans on those da rk gla s s y wate r s . Once we rea lly d i d . . . but they were not 1\na l'tagut i ­ on the c ooks , the f ierce and war- l i Ke tr ibe of the reg i on whose home b a � e was Canton They were j u s t three Indians from Old Town s e lling 'baP.l<:ets at s otne re R m: tr:: a long Th i r ty Mi le R iver . Poi nt . Not long ago , tw o ge olog i s t s t ooK a t r i p down the Andros c oggin in a canoe , a nd ca me to the De ad R i ve r . There in those da rK waters they found s ometh i ng unu­ s ua l i n ma rine b i ology . Unimow ingly they ca me i nto the Dead R iver unaw a re of the s trange crea ture s they w ould find there . . . they sa� hundl'eds of fre sh water j elly­ f i sh p1.i.mpi ng thems e lve s through the wate r . c c urrenc e It was the f i r s t reported of the fre sh water hydroids , Genus Medusa C ra speda c u s ta S owerb i i , in Ma ine ( name ) g iven to all j e llyfi sh , Spe c ie s There are tw o K i nds of fre sh water j e llyf i sh of which the Crasp . Sow erb i i i s only form ever found i n North Ame r i c a . I t i s very c ommon i n Chi na e ::; pe i a l ly ' in the Uangz tze Ba s in , and may have been introduced to thi s country on s ome of the the orient a l wa te r plant s . The remarl{able thing is that the se f orms d o not seem · t o be able to s pread from one b ody of wa ter to another w i thou t the help of an out­ s iSie a ge ncy From a ll ind i ca t i ons , the j e llyf i sh c ould not pos s ibly s urvive in the Andros c oggin nor LaKe Andr o s c oggin . Thi s is a que s t i on for some Ma r ine b i olo­ g i s t for r e s e a r ch . How did they eve r ge t t o the Dead R iver? Le av ing La ke Annr os � oggin and the Dead R iver w i th its s trange c reature s , dr ive a l ong Route t o Bee ch H i ll . And here i s anothe r unu s ua l geolog i c al phenomenon Here is a real de ser t . F i e lds of drift ing s a nd have c overed trees , 133 farms . And early wr iter of Wayne H i s tory , C . F . lead e t ter , who d i d the " I n the northwe s tern i ntrodu c t ory chapte r f or the book pub li shed in s tated : part o f Wayne a r e s and h i lls of c ons iderable extent which a re the development of c ompa ra t ive ly re c ent yea r s . The terr i tory they oc cupy wa s or igina lly the most f e r t i le and produc t i ve i n town . . . unt i l whole h i lltops and s i de s have be c ome va s t pa s ture s , 1898, ) ( Mos t o f thi s geolog i ca l worK ha s 1:e en done w i thi n the mem­ ory of pe ople now l i ving, and i t s progr e s s ha s been ob sel'ved from summer to sum­ m er . " Tha t wa s in 1898 . Geolog i s t s A more r e c e nt s tudy ha s other rea s ons for the se shifting s a nds . a r e a s o f yellow s a nd order ing the An­ s a nd in the Hayne a 1·ea came .fl · ru sand depos i t s " I t s EE ull B l i .Kely that th i s s and wa s 3- 4 miles to the we s t . i·1 i nd- tra n �J..>Ol' J-,ed to i t s pre s ent. loca t i on sho1 tly ai'ter the area emerged from the now thinK the dro::;c.:oggi n R i ve r , u en n otne 12 ; 0 y ear s a go . Af ter· it w a s depn� ] t e d . b l i zed the and unt i l about There of s oil and vegeta t ion may have i s probable tha t the s a nd was not eJ>.'}X•s ecl when they le ft for y ea r s ago . sta - is there regardle s s of how it ca me to be , and it 'i s grm·1 i s n o ev1 dence tha t the Tni H a ns o f the Va lley Knew of i t s o i t The de sert of Wayne i ng yea r ly . , the deve lopment 100 yea r s ago . Canada . . . ab out 200 The branch of the .A.naRa gnnt i c coKs who d id spend much of the i r t ime f r om Lake Andr os c oggin north were ca lled Caghnanga s . . . the fa mily center wa s i n the pre s ent town of Leed s . The i r tr iba l a ffa irs we re c onnu � ted a t Canton Poin t. They were s a id to have been popu lou:=: and thri fty, s i on of the Ana sa gunt i cooK na t i �n mad i c in na ture . · and were a powerful d ivi ­ They were s k i lled f i shermen and hunte rs , no­ S ome . of the ir a r t i fa c t s have been found a ll a long the waterway a nd tnany i n the gre a t bury i ng g1· l ln<i o n t.he r .a l'E' .1\nnrot-=: . oggj n j_ t s e lf . (By I Iel e.n Dn l dwel l l�•1 :.::: hm : :m �( 15 ) RICHARD BOUNDING IQ!OWS HO�T EditorItofwas aPress-Herald: read Thelma Rollins ' letterRome, the editor published the pleasure to to on Februarylong have the Maine Indians been misunderstood, together with the Too North American Indians generally. The Maine Indians have no wish Thetecome 1ofwhite men" withare in this way differentwish totheremain Indians. to Indians darker complexions, from Negroes. thisOfcountryIndian descent myself, butbemoan the fact that my children under­ stand onlyMaine few words ofthink Wabanaki languageIndiansI have when able dress teach go the npow-wow.1 1 They of not perceiveastheir Indian heritage, growing them, and that they the do themselves that only been they to up to the non-Indian community. up in Indiansa should be allowed to maintain their sense of tribal identity if is I wear not manthrust upon be red which they die,n want. 'itThoughtheirmaywish anda whitehave Cherokee.I ' llthem that man till I do not sang Rainwater, II'anyself Richards Bounding Elk, reporter for the Rome Sentinel, Oklahoma ' tie, Thus as: and also knownsign Richard M. Gaffney (From Portland Press-Herald, LANGUAGE OF M. Clark by William POLITICS 1 The he said. 'jcrossed on the who to help the Indians party The Republicans themselves,allowancelinesprotectpompouspublicfirst effort ordinarily cutandtheirhelp o�m lunch and gasoline money to the Indians." decided to unbelt give telephoneive nothing, said. theou mean. purse some of past thefts1l WGhatever you call it, the ' �YDemocratsreturn be for thei :what ' s startling aboutvoted against thatyou learned yettothat working rights of common that? Haven't tency is non-partisan?" in Augusta," he said, "I ' d build a biginconsis­ I werelawn and start sending up smoke signals. If anyonefire on the Indians me home." them' thats had toidea,1 1 some way to communicate with the stopped 1 back 1 1tell HThat' so· mad," hehave agreed. weren ' would make thatfolks wouldn t agood day was about thisdawn fort the IV'iagang Indians.wires.1 said, "if "That the ine the APwent Ithatshoutingstatementnewby a politicianprofessorbehasn ' t learnedthan theor that If to translated, years let every innocentpast argue withthe hasshould know that whenina politic­ ian sun will new day will da't-m foras usual, He thethe Indians meansbestowing says, too to Indians, politician but that touching the most brilliant constituents. from Mr. Clark ' s This regular "Some a column, resolution toitem fumbling that went to some political the trital on reimburse mileageTOand postage, described on Page 6 - Ed.) Mitchell, HussonofCollege, Bangor, will meetingannualtheWorkshop onChap­ Franklin Indian attended the 11th in many panel dis­ participated cussions on and affairs.(Sentinel,3 / 14/ 67) ELK UiDIArJS FEEL r1 . Y . 20 . I to a Marv in I the • • 3/ 1 / 3 / 6 7 ) • 1' to 11 the p l under from I • 1; a r e s u p po s ed men it . i; n1 f the S t a t e Hou s e I'd I I a be up ther e tha t to :i 50 me . one g o pr o f e s s or i s • "A • • • the 11 r i s e in the morning its b e ams on the po l i t i c i an ' s (Fr om the Por t l and Pr e s s - Her al d , Logro l l ing" during p a s s age of 3/9/ 6 7 . r e f er s j o int legi s l a t ive l eg i s l a t ive r e pr e s ent a t ive s f or INDIAN FARMINGTON - S t e phen S PEAK a s tud en t at speak on Ind ian cul ture at the Thur s d ay evening t er , AAUW . Af f a ir s at Mi t che l l , last summer , the Univer s i ty of Co l orado and has and o n r ad i o progr ams Ind ian prob lems 60 �( 16 ) A 1-'iODES T RE lU°SST Thurs day , Mar c h 16 S p e aking b e f o re t h e Le gis la t ive Appropr iat ions C ommit t e e in Au gus t a a t t o rn e y D on C o t e swor t h G e l l e r s o f Eas t p o r t s t a t e d t he I nd ian C ommis­ s i o n e r ' s b ud ge t was a c t ually a ve r y mode s t one . G e l l e rs t o ld how t h e Pa ss ama q u o d dy fear t ha t a l t h ou gh t he 102nd Le gis l a t ure mad e a good s t a r t t w o y e a r s a g o \f h e n t h e Ind ian de par tme n t w a s c r e at e d , e v e r y t hing may s t op there. " T h i s b u d ge t i s an in i t ia l vo.t e o f c on f i d e n c � ' Ge l l e r s said . Ge l l e r s t o ld how Indian c hi l d r e n living a t t h e rrin c e t on S t r ip ( a pa r t o f I n d ian T ovmship ) deve lop s o r e s o n t h e i r b od i e s i n the s uLllll e r f r om sw im.mi n g in t h e lake . ( G ove rnor C u r t is ' re c omLle ndat i ons w ou l d c on t in ue t o i gn o r e t he pr e s s i n g ne ed f o r w a t e r and s e we rage fac i l i t i e s at t h e S t r ip . ) . Ge lle rs qu o t e d f r o m a B angor pape r de s c r ib ing h ow the Old T own f ir e d e partme n t r e c e n t ly arrive d t o o l a t e on Ind ian I s land ( P e n ob s c o t R e s e rva­ t i on ) to s ave a b urning b uilding and t he sma ll child s t i l l inside . B o t h w e r e l o s t b e c a u s e t h e r e w a s n o fire fi ght ing e q uip1;1e n t r e ad i ly at hand . ( At one t ime t h e �e n ob s c o t s had s u f f i c ie nt e q uipmen t b ut while und e r t h e j u r is d i c t io n o f H e a l t h a n d ;ve lfare several y e a r s a g o t h e i r e q uipme n t w a s t ak e n awa y f r om t h e m a n d give n t o the f i r e d e par tQe n t i n O l d Town and t 1 e P e n ob s c o t volun t e e r f i re d e par t me n t was disb ande d . ) G e l l e r s a ls o r e m in d e d the C ommi t t e e t ha t C ommi s s i on e r Hin c kle y i s t he lowe s t paid C ommis s io n e r in A ugu s t a . ( An increase in Hin c k le y ' s A A l A r y was als o in c lud e d in t h e r e q ue s t e d b ud ge t . ) Ea r l i e r C ommiss i o n e r Hinckl e y p o in t e d o u t that eve r y one of his r e ommE=> n d A t i ons for s e rvic e s have b e e n re c on11.1e nd e d b y vari ous priva t e and s t a t e o r ga n i 7.at i ons f or t h e pa s t 25 ye ars . And t oday the n e e d f o r w a t e r , s e w e r a ge , h ousing c on s t r u c t i on a n d a s o c ia l w orke r s t i l l h e ad the l is t . R i n c kle y t o l d h ow the Indian we lfar e c a s e s are 111 t o one wo rke r whi le t he Fe d e r a l s t andar ds a l l ow 60 t o one . T o Re pre s e n t a t ive Lo µ i s Jal ­ b er·t ' ,ss t at e rii e n t t ha t Indian we l fare w o rkers w ould n o t have t o t r ave l whi le He a l t h and We lfare worke r s d o n e e d t rave l t ime , H i n c kle y p o in t e d o u t t ha t t h e t w o Pas s amaq u o d d y r e s e rva t ions a r e s ome 6 0 mi l e s apa r t s o s ome t r ave l l i n g t ime w o u l d b e ne c e s sary . As Pas sama q u o d d y G ove rnor J ohn S t e vens of Indian T ownship t o ld the C ommi t t e e , ' ' Vve a r e sick o f b e in g s urve ye d . hie 1 ve b e e n s urve ye d f o r years and wha t we n e e d n ow i s a c t i on . " H i n ckle y t ol d o f r e c e iving s ome t e n le t t e r s fro� o u t o f s t at e vis i ­ t or s l a s t s umme r w h o a s k e d why n o thing w a s b e ing d o n e a t t he S t r ip t o h e lp t he I n dian s . ( Al l pr o j e c t s a t t he S t r ip , vis ib ly t h e w or s t o f f , w e r e a l l p la c e d low on G ov . C u r t is ' li s t o f pri ori t ie s . ) I n d ian G o v . J ohn S t evens t o ld t he C ommi t t e e , " t he money we ask f o r t o day i s j us t i f ie d b e c a u s e o f t h e ne gle c t o f H e a l t h a n d Ne l fare ove r t h e pas t . " A t this p o i n t S e na t or Ri chard B e r ry , C ommi t t e e Chairman int e r j e c t e d t ha t w e s ho u ld n o t ove r l ook t h e ma j or s t e p f o rward t aken b y t h e 102nd Le gi s l a t ur e when more mone y t han e ve r b e f o r e was gran t e d the I ndians t S e n . B e r r y was as s ur e d this was n o t ove r l o oke l and that t he Ind ianfu w e r e gra t e f u l t o t h e 102nd . Leg i s l a t ur e . G o ve r n o r J ohn hi t c he ll o f t he Penob s c o t T � ib e po int e d out t�at s inc e t h e Pe n ob s c o t s a r e in an indus t r i a l a r e a t h e y have over 90% employm� n t . The i r gre e t e s t ne e ds a r e for w � t e r and s e w� rage f o r s o�e o f t h e ir memb e rs , • · ( C on tinue d , on Page 17 ) . �( 17 ) ( A MODEST RE�UE3T , c on t ' d f r om Page 16 ) and a C ommunit y B u i l ding in whi c h t o c arry on t r iba 1 f un c t ions and t o h ous e Indian ar t s and c r a f t s whi c h n ow are b e ing l o s t b e c a u s e t he re is no p la c e to pr e s e r v e them . Jo s eph , Nit c h e l l o f t h e Pas sama q u o d d y re s e rv a t i on at Ple asan t P o i n t s ai d his r e s e rv a t i on ' s gr e at e s t ne e d is p o li c e pr o t e c t i o n . ( I t was a t P l e a s an t Point 16 mon t h s ago that F e t e r F rancis was b e a t e n Jh e n b y s e v e r al Mas s a c hus e t t s hun t e rs a n d le f t d y i n g on t he gr ound . a n o u t s id e p o l i c eman w a s ·c a l le d t o t h e s c e n e he d i d n o t wan t t o 1 1 ge t inv o lv e d " and le f t t o inv e s t i ga t e a " t ip" h e h a d " r e c e iv e d " o n a c r ime La t e r one o f t he hun t e r s was ind i c � e d b e ing c ommi t t e d s ome Lili l.::s away . f or mans laugh t e r and was a c q ui t t e d . ) D e anna F r an c is , n i e c e o f the la t e Pe t e r F rancis t o l d the C ommi t t e e that young pe ople o n h e r r e s e rvat i on a t Pleasant P oint n e e d a s o c i a l w o rker f o r guidan c e . 1 1Young pe ople a r e ge t t in g i n t o t r o u b l e a n d ne e d s om e ­ one wh o is int e r e s t e d in t h e m t o he lp t h e m ge t a b e t t e r s t ar t in l i f e . ; 1 Pa s s amaquoddy R e pr e s e n t at i v e Ge o r ge Fran c is t o ld t h e C omm i t t e e t o " s e n d a d e le ga t i on d ovm and j us t s e e h ow w e live . T a lk t o t he pe ople and see t h e ir c on d i t i ons . " Ra y B inkl e y , a b us ine s s man f r om the � or t land a r e a spoke in s upp o r t o f t h e I n d ian b ud ge t as did Repre s e n t a t i v e war r e n C o oks on who in t r o du c e d t he l e gis la t i on t w o ye ars a g o f o rmi ng t h e new s t a t e D e partment o f Ind ian Af fairs . D oris D a v i s , A s s i s tant D ir e c t or o f the Upwar d B ound pro j e c t at B owd o in C o llege t ol d t h e C ommit t e e t h at Indians should n o t . b e �e re ly ob j e c t s o f c har i t y , In light o f t h i s she sup�o r t e d the C omLJ.i s s i o ne r ' s b udge t . F a t h e r Paul Pare , C haplin at Pleasant Point , s t a t e d t ha t t he C a t ho li c Di o c e s e o f Maine s uppo r t e d 100% t h e Indian B ud ge t . T h e C hu r c h is as c onc e rn e d f o r t h e I nd ians ' ma t e ri a l we l f�re as we l l as f or their spir i t ua l we l fare ," Fat h e r Pare s aid F a t he r S t . Pie rr e o f I n d ian I s land c omme nde d t h e 102nd Le gis lat ur e and c le ar ly s t a t e d h e h ope d e v e r y t hing w ould n o t s t op t h e r e . Ge o r ge S t e v e ns Jr . s t r e s s e d that n ow i s t he t ime t o a c t ; n o t t w o years · f r om n ow . O t h e r Pe n ob s c o t Indians s upf o r t in g C ommi s s i on e r H in ck le y ' s b u d ge t w e re R e p r e s e � t a t i v e John Ne l s o n , Penob s c o t Lt . G ov . F r e d N i c h o la i Ni c ho las S appi e r and E u ge n ia T h omps on . ( S e e this mon t h ' s e d i t o r i a l on page t hr e e f or a s ummar y of the e d i t or ' s s t at eme n t b e f o r e t he C ommi t t e e . ) Mo r e t han 50 Indians and o t he r int e r e s t e d pe ople at t e nd e d t h e C ommi t t e e hearin g . GQv. ·.. • . • RESERVATI ON * • • • s m� .ER PROJEC'IS Old T own - T h e Adv i s o r y C ommi t t e e o f t he n e w ly e s tab l i she d D iv i s i on o f V o l un t e e r S e rv i c e s o f the R oman C at h o l i c D i o c e san B ur e au o f Human Re lati ons S e r v i c e s will hold its f ir s t me e t ing here honday a t t he P e n ob s c o t Ind i an R e s e r v a t i o n . The v o l un t e e r c ommi t t e e was s e t up in Jan uary , b y B i sh o p Pe t e r L . G e re ty , apo s t o li c admin i s t r a t o r o f t h e D i o c e s e o f P o r tland . T h e Re v . R ome o S t . Pierre , C a t h o l i c 'Chapl_ain o f t he I n d ian r e s e rv a t i on and cha irman o f t h e c ommi t t e e , w i l l me e t w i t h t h e 11 c le r gy and lay me mb e rs o f the c ommi t t e e . A .s umme r p r o j e c t on t he r e s e .r va t i orui inv o lv ing Maine s e minarians , memb e rs o f t h e C hr i s t ian .Fami ly Mov e me n t and c ol l e ge s t u ci e n t s w i l l b e ( C o n t inue d an page 18 ) disc us se d . �( 18 ) ( Pe n ob s c o t S umme r Pr oje c t , c on t ' d f r om pa ge 17 ) Ind ian s p oke sme n t o ld t he d i o c e san o r gan i z a t ion t ha t among t he imme d i a t e pr o gr ams the y w o u l d like t o s e e s t ar t e d are c u l t ural pro j e c t s f o � Indian c hi l d r e n . T h e s e w o u l d inc lude t r ips , r e me dial r e ading and r e c r e a t i o nal a c t iv i t ie s . T h e l ong- range p r o grams sugge s t e d b y I n d i an leaders inc lude pub l i c h e a l t h a n d s o c ia l w o rk pr o j e c t s s u c h as hy�i e n e a n d family l i f e e du c a t i on p r o grams . . ( Fr om t h e P o r t land S unday T e l e gram , 3/19/67 . Se e r e l a t ed s t ory on Page 1 2 ) * • • • • NAVAJ O GOV GRNl.l • NT IN D1 1·1 GER I n f orma t i o n r e c e n t ly r e v e a l e d t o a t t orne ys in t he Le ga l D e par twe nt had v i t a l s i gn i f i c an c e r e s pe c t ing t h e que s t i o n o f the c o nt inue d e x is t e n c e ' o f t h e s ov e r e i gn gove rnme nt o f t h e Nava j o . T h e r e p o r t t o t h e Nava j o Tr ib a l C oun c i l , in e f fe c t , sh owe d that t he int e nt o f t he D e par tme n t o f t he I n t e ri or was t o d o away w i t h s ov e r ign Nav a j o t r ib a l gove rnme n t . The s i t ua t i o n b e gan in an a t t emp t by Udall to f ire t he Nava j o t r ib e ' s a t t orne y . T h e S e c r e t a r y o f t h e i n t e r i o r said h e was c on s i d e ring this a c t i on o n t he gr ounds that he had c r e a t e d t h e C o un c i l by S e c r e t arial Or d e r in 19 3 8 , and t he r e f or e c o u l d d i s s o lv e i t . T h e S e c r e t ary ' s O f f i c e a l s o c on s i d e r e d t h e po s s i b i l i t y o f t akin g ov e r , t h e t r ib e i f it d e e1 e d ne c e s sary . B u t t h e T r i b a l C ounc i l says i t h a s ope r a t e d in a n orde r ly 1ann e r , a n d b e s id e s , t h e Nava j o T r ib e has r e t a ine d i t s s o v e r e ign i t y s in c e t he T r e a t y of 1868 . I t is t he S e c r e tary ' s opin i o n t h at the T r i o e has no s ov e r e ign it y , t ha t i t i s in t h e na t ur e o f a na t i on de pend e n t upon t he U . S . T h e r e p o r t i n d i c a t e d t h a t in t he e v e n t o f any t ake - ov e r o f t he t r ibal gove rnmen t , t he f un c t i o n o f t h e C oun c i l would be adv is ory . ( Many S m o ke s , F i r s t �u a r t e r , 1967 ) i . . . "' . C O URT UPHOLDS NAVAJO S OVERIGN IMi 1UNITY T h e F e d e ra l C ou r t f or t h e D is t r i c t o f Ar i z ona has gran t e d a s ummary j u d gme n t w h i c h s t a t e s t ha t t he Nava j o T r ib e is a s ov e r i gn e n t i t y w i t h i n t he 'u s Judge W a l t e r C ra i g s t a t e d in t he d e c i s i on " t he p o s i t i on o f G e ne ra l C ouns e l o f t h e Nava j o T r ib e , r e gardle s s o f t he mann e r o f his e mpl o yme n t and re gard l e s s of the t i t le of · his po s i t i on is c omparab le t o t he C h ie f Legal O f f i c e r o f t he Un i t e d S ��t e s , and s t a t e s t h e r e df , o r any p o l i t i c al sub d i v i s i on . " " l t is t h e opinion o f t h e· C o urt t h a t the pos i t i on o f Gene ral C o uns e l f o r t he Nava j o T r i b e f a l l s w i t hin t he s c ope o f t he d o c t r ine o f a b s o l u t e e x e c u t iv e priv i l e ge . " ( Many S m oke s , Re n o , Ne v ada , Fi r s t 0uar t e r , 196 7 ) . . . . . .. . RAMPARTS , a s e v e n t y - f iv e c e n t maga z ine pub lishe d . in S an F r an c i s c o , It C a l i f or n i a has an i n t e r e s t in g ar t i c le in t h e Mar c h , 1967 i s s u e . In t qe c on c e rn s T h e Pas samaguo d dy I nd ians , and is wr i t t e n b y D a v i d We lsh . Apr i l i s s ue o f t h e Ne w s le t t e r a p o r t i on o f t h e s t or y w i l l b e pr e s e n t e d a l o n g w i t h a n e d i t or i a l c on c e rning t he a r t i c l e . B u t t h o s e o f y o u wh o c an ' t wait and w o u l d l ike t o r e a d h i s t ory , t r u t h , and f i c t i on a l l in t e r e s t ingly in t e rw o v e n s h o u l d pur c ha s e Rampa r t s an d ' r e ad t he s t o r y n ow . F o r t h e mos t par t 1 i t is p r e t t y go o d . �( 19 ) GOP SEEKS T O CLARIFY Ilill IAfTS ' LEGAL S TATUS (AP) - Leg i s l a t ive ma j or i ty P.epub l i c an s in s truc ted t�eir l e ader s in c aucus Wedne sday to s e ar c h f or way s to clarify the tor tuou s comp l exi t ie s of t he l e gal s t a tu s of Ma ine Ind ian s . 1 ; I d on ' t wan t to depr ive the Ind ian s of the i r t r il: a l r ight s , i . s aid Rep . Wi l l i am E . Denne t t of Ki t t ery , 1 1but I don ' t wan t to s e e the l e g i s l a ture s o confu s ed ab ou t this t ha t it doe sn ' t know where i t ' s a t . : Denne t t made a l eng thy caucus s p e e ch , cen t er ed on a pending b i l l t o g ive th� non-vo t ing Ind ian repre s e n t a t ive s of the Penob s co t and Pa s s amaquoddy Tr i b e s the s ame pay and expen s e a l l owanc e s as r e gular memt er s of the l eg i s l a­ tur e . 'flie Ind ian s , he s'a id , 1 1 ar e not as s tupid as s ome peop l e wou ld have you b e l ieve . " He said they invoke oi: s cure 1 ' trea ty r i gh t s " when i t sui t s the ir purp o s e bu t they a l s o ob t ain t. er1ef i t s o ther s do no t have and whi ch ar e far t eyond any treaty agr e emen t tha t may exi s t . D enne t t s aid he has d one con s ideral l e reading on Ma ine Ind ian a ff a i r s ov er t he year s and i s wi l l ing to concede t ha t the Penob s c o t Tr ibe doe s have a val id t r e a t y wi t h Ma ine . Eut he s aid i t provide s only for 1 1 s o many bu she l s o f corn , so many bu she l s of whe a t , so much gunpowder , so much sho t , and a supp ly of c a l ico , one year of red and one year of b lue . In o ther word s , it has ou t l ived i t s us e ­ fulne s s . 1 1 I f t h e Pa s s ama quoddy Tr ibe has a treaty w i t h Ma ine , " I wou ld l ike t o s e e i t , i : he s a id . D enne t t s a id t ha t i n 1 7 94 , wh ich wa s 2 6 y e ar s b e f or e Maine s t a t ehood , c ommi s s ioner s from Ma s s achu s e t t s en t er e d into wha t wa s ' ; a t the mo s t a c ompac t 1 1 und er whi ch t hey gran t ed I nd i an Township and the P l e a s an t Point r e s ervat ion t o t he Pa s s amaquodd i e s . ' The s o l e con s ider a t i on , ' ' he s a id , • iwas that the Pas s ama quodd.i e s wou ld c e a s e f rom mo l e s t i 11 g the ir whi t e ne ighb or s . n Denne t t said t h a t over t he year s , the Ind ians have l e en tr e a t ed a s a In 1 9 5 3 , when they g o t f or e ign e l emen t f or s ome purpo s e s , c u t n o t o ther s . t he vo t e , t hey wer e a l l owed t o vo t e f or mo s t o f f i c er s b u t n o t l eg i s l a t or s . "Wi thou t doub t , 1 1 he s aid , : 1 in the p as t the Ind ians have b e en finag led t o qui t e an ex t en t . Appar en t ly they wer e depr ived o f cer t a in l and s , t r an s ­ ferred t o whi t e men und er t erms t h a t wer e n o t exac t ly e thical . 1 1 ' ;And ye t I c an ' t go a l ong wi t h the ide a that they took away Ind ian own­ er ship of l and . The Indi an s didn ' t own any l and as we und er s t and owner ship under our Ang l o- S axon c on c ep t s . 1 1 ' 'When an Ind ian s o l d l and t o a whi t e man for a t hr e e - c ornered hat or a hand ful of b e ad s he probably l aughed -up hj s s le eve , b e c au s e he didn ' t own the l and . He didn ' t even c l a im t o o"m i t . 1 1 Denne t t s aid t he Ind ian s wan t to pr e s erve t h e ir ' · e thnic pos i t i on as a peop l e apar t , i ; and thi s 'protab ly c an be done . But b e fore mucp new l e g i s l a ­ t ion is p a s s e d , 1 1 some t hing has g o t t o b e d o n e about t h e l aws already o n t h e b ooks , : ; he said . 1 ' :A l t hough I mig h t b e der ided by the pr e s s as s quirming out of a r e s pon­ s ib i l i ty , I think thi s s hou ld b e s en t t o a s tudy . 1 1 (From the Kenneb e c Journ a l , Augu s t a , 3 / 30 / 6 7 ) PAS SAMA"UODDY COMMUEI 'IY ACTION COMMITTEE The newly - f ormed Pas s amaquoddy Commun i ty A c t ion Commi t te e , whi c h 't'li l l admini s t er t he Tr ibe ' s r e c e n t l y - fund ed "war o n pover ty n cons i s t s o f Mr . F ranc i s 1 1 R ed 1 1 Sapie l , Mr s . R i t a A l t ava ter , and F a ther Paul Par e , of the P l e a s an t Point R e s ervat ion , and Mr . Ar chie LaCoo t e , Mr . George S tevens , Jr . , and F a t her Maur i c e Lemlin , o f the . Ind i an Town ship R e s ervat ion . Mr . S apiel wa s e le c t ed chairman ( Con t inued on Pag e 20) �( 20) ( Cont inued from Page 1 9) of t he c ommi t t e e and Mr . LaCopte the vice - ehairman. G overnors J0hn S t ev�r 1 ( Ind i an To�mshi p ) and Joseph Mitche l l ( P leasan t Poin t ) ar e memb ers of the com­ mi t t e e � of fic io. The commi t t e e has had several me e t ings to review and scr e en appl ications that have een r e c e ived f or the position of Passama quoddy Commun i ty Ac t ion Director . SECOND INDIAH AFFAIItS COMMI TTEE HEAR! lG On Mar ch 23rd , the Leg islat ive Ind ian Affairs Commi t tee he ld i t s se cond pub l i c hear ing of the curr ent sess ion . F ive t i l ls were 1rough t bef ore the commit t e e , a l l sponsor ed ty Repr e senta t ive 7arren Cooks on . They wer e : L. D. 1 0 6 6 "Al\"! ACT to P.evise the Ma ine Ind ian Housing Au thor i ty Law" L . D . 106 7 i lAn ACT Re l a t ing to C l er ks of Ind ian Tr ibes and Exc ise Taxes on No tor Vehi c l e s Paid by Memb ers of the Passamaquoddy Tr ibe of Ind ians" L.D . 1 0 6 8 1 'AN ACT Re l a t ing to B i enn i a l E l e c t ions of Penobsco t Tr ibe of Ind ians; ; L . D . 1 0 94 " AN ACT R e la t ing t o Special Of f i ces for Indian Tr ib e s 1 1 L. D. 1 0 9 5 1 1 AN ACT Re l ating to n i enn ial Elections of Passame quoddy Tr ibe o f Ind i ans1 1 Among those peop l e testify ing a t the he ar ing were Penob scot ex-Governor F r an c is Banco , Penobsc ot Tr ib a l Coun ci lwoman Vio l e t Franc is , Penobscot Leg is­ l a t ive Represe n t a t ive John Ne lson , Passama quoddy Legisl a t i ve Represen t a t ive G e orge Fran c i s , Passama�uoddy CAC chairman Fran c i s Sapie l , and Penobscot Lt . Governor F r ed Ni c o l a. As of Mar ch 3 1 , the Newsletter underst ands that the two tr ibal e l e ction b i l l s ( L . D . 10 68 1 0 9 5) which wou l d amend exist ing e l e c t i on l aws o f the two , Trib es , wer e r epor t ed from the comrnit t e e with 1 1 0ugh t to Pass' ' recommendations and ar e continu ing norma l progr ess in t he legislature . The o ther thr e e b i l ls have n o t y e t b een r epor t ed ou t of t he committe e ; some amendment s ar e b e ing soug h t for L . D . 1067 to make it more inc lusive . · & AMPHENOL DEDI CATES HEW PLANT ON LAlID LEASED FROM SEMil OLES The S emino l e Ind ian Tr ibe of F l orida , whi ch once sen t a l l i ts messages runner , soon wi l l become l and l ord for a p l ant that wi l l be the ro lrd's l argest manu fac tur er of e l e c tron i c connec tors for the t e l e - commun i c a t ion indus­ try A 3 2 , 40 0 squar e foot p l an t bui lding was construc t ed on the ten- acre tract o f l and l e ased by Amphenol Corpor a t ion of Chi cago from the S emino les in an agr e emen t signed last Jun e . ALout one -half t he initia l work f or c e o f 200 ui l l 1 e c ompr ised of local Ind i ans , t he company announced (From the U. D . Depar tment o f t he I n t er ior , 3 / 1 5 / 6 7 ) by • . • . . �!BAL SELF -RULE I S CLOSER By Ja� W a l z IN • . • CA1'1ADA 4 OTTAHA , l'ar ch .1. - The C'anad i an Governmen t committed i t se l f t h i s week to swe ep ing changes a imed at g iving wicl er freedom of de� ision to the coun try ' s mor e than 250 , 000 Ind i ans and ' Eskimos . When the steps under way ar e comp le t ed , the Ind i ans on r eserve s , num­ ber ing about ?. 1 5 , 000 , wi l l te ab l e ' t o make t he ir aim d e c isions on local mat ters Lar g e numt ers of the Ind i ans r emain skepti c a l , but others take hope that the Governmen t , 100 ye ars after the found ing of the C anad i an c onfederation , wi l l sur e ly L ack up i t s promises wfth deeds . ( Con � inued next month) • • • • • �IF YOU ------- � - --- -----/ /Vo u... 1_,.v b o� ::, �<: 1 "' - ; ,_�, s 1 /,\ t? 1--· e . -:I v s --1 vi e · 1U s l_ t/--- WANT .- - a the Maine l s tarter tt ; Maine country; h n :�::�:::� : :��: :t:::_:::: home free sub s cr i p ­ t ion t o le Ind i an Pew s ­ er - new s of and know - to Ind i an a f f a i r s around c fh e i- in the 5 ()f3 S c .:i� I 13 [ wha t o t her Tr ib e s �= \I /i • Jnd t mai le d d ir ec t ly t;o your or po s t o f f i ce b ox e a c h mon th ; '":'.- news letter THEN - f:/·\. � ;;{ / :� ·j �· lo O .A Y.1 �j l/i �'\· .fl -;? - rj,�1.1/ �,-��� �� __ f0c>f le. / / · _ _ (don ' t to: MAINE IND IAN NEWSLETTER Pine S tr e e t / ,, --- ----- c _ � Y �t::!CJOCOc,, !11: :��: !���:�p:���� state-wide month·c/ 0(/) ��:// kdc <! l,(__ ly . �,all ��� 0403 2 Fr eepor t , Mai ne 1?Q / IT NOW o ter t i Ind i an - � d i t � d , pub l i cat i on , \ int ended to incr e a s e t he knowledge of J � j·�>: j:A . ·. ·..::.... \ ti"":·· .2·::.::<> t . : ... . •· . • . · i . g!�;:�ig:��b:f�!:�;;!;;:;�����-)T;�·t:��·�.: ..:; !;�;l�:!�i�\�// s �;!P�!��:f �i�[ : �::: �: � �:���: �� f N l c s o e ��� a c c e p t ed . Reader s , � ··:·z: :·: .:.::·.::::.·:�� : ::t \ : ul ly ../ e i ther Ind i an or Ind i an ar e urged and encour aged s end in news i t ems , ar t i c le s , j oke s , l e t ter s , commen t s , p l a in t s , le gend s , s t o r ie s , 4· . sugge s � ions , c ar t o on s , etc . To r e c e ive r egu l ar mon thly c o p i e s of growing thi s uni que , publication, ever ­ s e nd your name and address a piece of on l"IAINE IND IAN NEWSLETTER Pine S tr e e t F r eepor t , Maine 0403 2 I . p aper to: �pine Street Freeport, Maine BULK RATE U.S. POSTAGE Freeport, PAID Permit Maine 2 7/8¢ 040 3 2 No . Co lby College Libr �l 04 9 le , Wate rv il Me . 33 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Penobscot Description An account of the resource The Penobscot people, who identify closely with the Penobscot River that is their home, have a reservation on Indian Island, near Old Town, Maine. Part of the Wabanaki Confederacy, they were among the tribes that won federal recognition in the 1980 Maine Indian Land Claims Settlement Act. <br /><br />A Penobscot scholar, Joseph Nicolar, was one of the first regional Native people to publish a book: <em>Life and Traditions of the Red Man</em> (1890). Since then, many others have written about their language and culture, including the performing artist Molly Spotted Elk and poet Carol Dana.<br /><br />The Penobscots have a rigorous process for protecting their intellectual property, asking any scholars who are studying or writing about them to communicate with their Cultural Heritage and Preservation Office.<br /><br /><strong>Resources</strong><br /><br />Penobscot Nation <a href="https://www.penobscotnation.org/" target="_blank">website</a><br /><a href="http://www.penobscotculture.com/" target="_blank">Penobscot National Cultural &amp; Historic Preservation Department</a><br /><br /> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <em>Maine Indian Newsletter</em> (March 1967) Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource ssipsis (Thompson, Eugenia) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Colby College Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1967-03 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Julia Brush Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Digital images courtesy of Colby College Library. In making these images available, we also consulted with ssipsis’ daughter, Pam Outdusis Cunningham. Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Document Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource pdf Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DV-470 https://www.dawnlandvoices.org/collections/files/original/7eb8c50def326ef3ae81d91f2e180e07.pdf e32a8c590c650f6b156dc04d97abb68e PDF Text Text MAINE�I NEWS LET Tc c FEBRUARY V OL UME 1, NUMBER 7 1 96 7 NEW SERV I CES REQUESTED IN IND IAN BUD GET MAY MEAN NO SERV I CES RECOMMENDED BY MAINE GOVERNOR CURT I S (E d . no t e : t h e N e w s le t t er tak e s a look at the s er v i c e s whi ch migh t b e cu t from the budg e t r e que s t s o f the D e par tmen t oI Indian A f fa irs. S e e page 11 i f you wou ld like to he lp r e s tore th e s e r eques t s . ) (A mt . r e ­ qu ir e d) ($ 2 9 ,25 6) a) ( $15 , 964) b) ( $11 , 90 8) c) ( $ 7 , 696) d) ( $ 806 ) e) ( $1 6,146) f) ( $ 7 ,5 92) g) Requ e s te d in cr.ea s e would: ( $7 , 9 82 ) h) ( $2 ,500) i) ( $ 9 9 , 850 Tota l) In crea s e pay o f 6 Tr iba l Po licemen (2 for ea ch Re s er v a tion) to $ 4 ,238 per year ( compar e d to pr e s ent pay of $1 800 a ye ar); Cr ea t e a D e par tmen t Hou s ing-and-Con s tru c tion O f fi c er po si tion a t $ 7 , 9 82 per y ear( pr e s en t Hous ing-and-Con s tru c t ion O ffic er is b e ing su ppor t e d for on e year by the Ameri can Fr iends S er­ v i c e Co mmi t t e e); Cr ea t e a So c ia l Work er I I po s i t ion b eg inning at $5 , 811 per y ear for the Pa s samaquo d dy f i e ld o ff i c e; Cr ea t e a D e par tment C l erk- Typist I I pos i t ion beginning a t $3 , 75 7 p e r year; Provide for r e c la s s i fy ing De partm�pt Clerk-Stenographer III� b.b a C l erk I V; Cr ea t e two A c count C l erk- I po s i t ions b eginning a t $ 3 , 93 9 per y ear for th e Pa s samaquo ddy and Penob s co t field o f fic e s; Cr ea t e a D e par tment So c ia l W e l far e O f fi c er pos i t ion beginning a t $ 7 , 5 92 per year (b eginning in 1 96 8-1 969); Cr ea t e a D e partm en t E conomi c-and-Human D e v e lopmen t O f f i c er po s i t ion , beginning a t $ 7,5 92 per y ear (beginning in 1 9681 96 9); Provide for in cr ea s e in Commi s s ioner' s sa lary . Th e above s erv i c e s r e qu e s t e d were " c u t " from the bu dg e t ·( Par t I I) . Th er e was no r e comm enda t ion by th e go v ernor to in c lu d e any o f the abov e. Th is m eans tha t the D e par tm en t o f Ind ian A f fairs wi ll be exi s ting on i t s sk e le ton bu dge t for the n ex t t�o y ear s . Th e pre s ent bu dg e t amoun t s to $ 46 ,470 per y ear, prov iding for salar i e s and wage s to c las s i f i e d s ta t e employ e e s . (Con t inu e d on pag e 2) �(2) NEl/f SERVICES N O SERVICES (C ontinued fr om page 1) • • • (Ed. n ot e : The f o l l owing increas e s that were r e que st e d f or 1967-1968 ar e­ F or the year 1968-1969 an in cr ease. of $8 6,488 is r e qu e st e d . Th e r e c omm e n d e d b u d get '' c ut" a l l ows only $30,000 a ye ar f or t he· f o llowing s er­ vi c e s . ) $74, 477. (Amt . r e­ quir e d ) R e quest e d i ncr e ase w o u ld: ($3,600) a) ($1,440) b) ($10,080) c) ($53,040) d) ($18 '096) ($26,715) e) f) ($19,968) g) ($2,400) h) ($2,000) i) ($22,100) j) ($1,526) k) C h 60,965 In cr e a s e pay o f 3 Tribal G overnors t o $600 per year (19E71968) and t o $1200 per ye ar (1968-1969). Pa y si nce J uly·l, 1966 has b e e n $300 per ye ar; pri or t o July 1,1966 it was $100 p er year ); In cr e as e pay o f 3 Tribal Li e utenant G o v ernors t o $240 per . ye ar (1967-1968) and t o $480 per ye ar (1968-1969). Fay sinc e July 1,1966 has b e e n $120 per year; pri or t o July 1, 1966 has b e en $50 per ye ar�; Pr ovi d e pay f or 24 Tri bal C o unci lm ember s at $180 per year (1967-1968) and ax S240 per ye ar (1968-1969). (At pr e s ent , t he y r e c ei v e no pay ); Pr ovi d e f or 3 R e s ervati on C o nstr ucti on F or ew e n at $7,800 per ye ar plus e xpens e s , r e quir e d f or d e sir e d hom e c onstru ct i on pr ograms on e a c h R e s ervati on; Pr ovi d e pay f or 3 Tribal C l erk s , b e ginni n g at S2, 938 per ye;. Pr ovi de pay f or 3 Tribal Maint e nan c e me n , b e gin at $4,342� per year; Pr ovi d e pay f or 3 Tri b a l Hallk e eper s , b e gin at $3,250 per year; Pr ovi d e f or rental o! Tribal P o li c em e n' s uni f orw s (now b ei n g pr ovi d e d b y the M aine C o uncil o f C h ur c h e s ); Pr ovi d e f or fir e pr ot e cti on fr om the City o f O l d T o wn f or t he P e n o b s c ot R e s ervati on; Pr ovi d e f or ne c e s sar y i ncr e a s e s in trav e l, t e l eph one and o per atin g e xpens e s t o s upport r e que st e d new positi ons; Pr ovi d e f or ne c e s s ar y i ncr e a s e s in o f fi c e s uppli e s f or th e r e que st e d new p ositi ons . T ot a l ) The ab o v e s ervi c e s were !! c ut" d o1,vn t o only $60,000 f or th e y e ars 1967-1968 and 1968 -1969. Wit h thi s c ut the H aine Indi an.:n ot.�·mal9e any pa±egie.§s i n d e v e l oping the r e s our c e s, t h at c ou ld mak e the R e s ervati ons an attracti v e place t o liv e as we ll as t o visit. .... A r eq ue st e d i n cre as e in t h e b udget f or p erm ane nt eq uipm e nt and fi e ld e q ui pme nt am ounting t o $2,500 f or 1967-1968 and 1968-1969 had b e en " c ut" t ot a l l� fr om t h e In di an A f fair s b udget (part II ) . Thi s m e ans t hat th e D e p­ artm e nt wi ll b e op erating on a b udget o f $948 f or capita l eq ui pm e nt. · In ad diti o n t o D ep arthl e nt a l fund� f or R e�airs and Mi n or Irapr ov em e nts on the thre e R e s er v ati on s , the foll owi n g fund s have b e en r e qu e st e d f or m aj or R e s ervati on c on structi on pr oj e ct s: ( Continue d on page 4) �(3 ) E D I ·T 0 R I A L S THE MA INE IND IAN NBdSLETTER ED ITOR The Maine Indi an N ew s lett er and i s fr ee.. o f c har ge. • • • E UGEN IA T. TH OMPS ON (Pe no b s cot ) i s Maine' s only st at e-wi d e In di an n ews lett er , N ews and �tori e s may b e submitt e d tq the N ew s le�t er b y t h e 15th o f e ac h month for pub li c ation at t h e fo l lowi ng addr e s s : Pi ne Str e et Fr e e port , Maine 0 4032 (Te le phone : 8 65-4253 ) L ett er s to the E ditor ar e w e lcom e b ut must con for m to the rul e s r e quir e d b y e v er y N ewspap er . T h e y must b e ar t h e writ er' s corr e ct name and addr e s s a lt ho u gh p e n name s ar e per mitt e d at t he discretion o f t h e E ditor . A l l lett er s must b e si gne d t ho ugh name s will b e wit hhel d from p ub lication o n r e que st . Pr e fer e n c e wi ll b e gi ven to lett er s not over 35 0 wor ds i n ...l en gth . Lett er s are s ubj e ct to cond e n s ation or e diti n g when s p ac e limitations r e q uir e and to corr e ction o f gr am, er or ob viou s error s . A START • • • W h e n the 102nd L e gi s lat ur e e st ab li s h e d the Mai n e D e par.tment o f Indi an A f fair s , it appe ar e d a s t ho u gh t her e was le gi s lativ e int e nt to do somethi n g for the I n di an s aft er all t h e s e ye ar s . It di d not app e ar as t ho u gh le gi s l at ur e want e d to k e e p t h e Indi ans as t h e y wer e , b ut want e d It wi ll tak e a r e stor ­ t o h e lp po lis h th eir prid e a s ori ginal Am eri ca n s. ation i n the b ud get (part I I ) t h at was pr e s ent e d b y the Departm e nt of I ndian A f fair s to mak e a st art in r e- b ui ldi ng a herit age o f which we c an a ll f e e l a part . With the last two ye ar s o f planni n g b e hind the new d epartm e nt o f layi ng t h e gro undwork , s ur e ly it wo uld b e ni c e to t hi nk o f t h e 103r d L e gi s lat ur e as making a start in getting t hings done for t h e I ndi ans . T h e b ud get r e qu e st s for e xpandi n g s er vi c e s s u c h as n ew per sonne l to as si st in provi d•ihg· ad e quat e po li c e , fir e prot ection, wat e -r and s ewer a ge syst e ms and in t h e constr uction o f home s, ar e a start . Your s upport o f t h e b ud get propo s als wil l gain the att e ntion o f mem b er s of le gi s lat ur e who wi l l b e li st e ni n g t o yo ur opi nion . S e e page i l under Indi an Af fair s B udg et H e aring, for instr uction on gi ving yp ur s upport . LE T T E R S .(Ed. not e : The fo l lowi n g l ett er was s e nt to t h e Mai n e I n di an N ew s lett er from Go v. John St e v e ns , as t hi s copy o f t h e l ett er was s emt to him . ) R aymond F . S ar ge nt , Inc. G e ne r a l Contractor P . O .Bo x 539 El lsworth , Mai ne Re : Co l lection Tr e atme nt Expansion and Tr e atm e nt Faci lit y P eter D ana Point , I ndi an Townshi p , Pri n c eton , Maine D ear Sir: T hi s l ett e r i s i n r e s po n s e to the conv er s ation we had at D ana Point on J�ly 27 , 19 6 6 r e gardi n g prob l em s we mi ght e n count er duri n g t h e �onsttirctio (Continu e d on page 4 ) �(4) NEW T it l e a) b) c) d) SERVICE S NO SERVI CES (Cont in ue d fr om page 2 St at e Fun d s R eq u e st e d Pleasant P o int S ew erage S y st e m $ 129,900 Pleasant P o int W at er S ystem 38,000 P e t' er· D an a P o int W at er Syst e m 73,800 Pen ob s c ot W at er & S e wer age System 63 , 000 --..-. S u bt ot als �� �- $304,700 e) f) g) h) Peter Dan a P o int C oillJ'.ll un it y B l d g . $ Pen ob s c ot C omm un it y B u i ldin g Pr in c et on " Str ip" S ewerage S yst e m Pr in c et on " Str ip'' W at er Syst e m S u bt otals 34,ooo 35,100 62,200 72,700 Fe d eral Funds Ant i c ip at e d $ 109, 000 30,000 60,900 51,800 $251,700 $ 29:300 30,300 50,200 59,600 $204,ooo Tot al s $169,400 $508,700 $421,100 The st at e r e c omm en d s that the f irst f our pr oj e ct s be list e d quit e " h i gh" i n t h e o v erall St at e C on str uct i on B ud get . I f t he s e .:_Jroje ct s r ew ain in this p os it i on in t h e St at e C on str uct i on B udget , th er e is a good chan c e that t h e y w il l b e fun de d . H ow e v er, t h e st at e r e c omm ends pla c in g the last four pr oject s list e d av ove v er y " l ow" in t h e overall St at e C on str uct i on B udget. I f the s e pr o ­ j e ct s remain in this p o s it i on in t he Stat e C on str uct ion B ud get , it is extr em e ly unl ik el y that the y wi l l b e f un de d . ( Se e pag e 11 f or mor e d et ai l o n t h e l os s o f f e d eral f unds as w e l l as the h ous in g pr oj e ct f or the " Str ip". (Ed. n ot e: Y o ur h e lp as inter e st e d in divi duals , an d organ iz at i ons in s upport im g t h e M a ine In dian t o r e st or e the expan d e d s erv ic e s t o the budget o f t he D e partment of In dian A f fair s w o uld be appr e c i at e d . ) (L E T T E R S ) (Ccnt i� u e d fr om page 3 ) on t h e ab ove c apt i on e d pr oj e ct . On this pr oj e ct as on an y c on str uct i on pr oj e ct w e have enc o unt er e d var i ous pr ob lem s . As the s e pr ob lems m at er ial­ iz e d, the en gin e er in g f irm of Wr i ght , Pier c e, B arn e s & W ym an have d on e an ex c e l lent j ob o f r e ct i fyin g the pr oblems � ithout an y de lay t o us on the proj e ct . S e c on d ly I w ould l ik e t o st ate that G ov ern or J ohn St e ven s and the pe ople at D an a P oint hav e b e en v er y c o operat iv e dur in g the c our s e o f the c onstr uct i on. On m ost of our pr oj e ct s we en c ounter a gr e at d e al o f vandal­ ism, s u c h as t h e ft an d damage of mat er ia l an d e q uipment . T h is has n ot b e en the case at D an a P o int . In fact we have mis p la c e d num er o us .t o ol s , e q uipmen t et c . dur in g t h e c o urs e o f c onstr uct i on on the pr oj e ct which w er e foun d by t he p e ople at D an a P o int and r et urn e d t o us . Very un usual in de e d . An other p o int I would lik e to mak e is in r e gar ds t o the lab or f or c e at D an a P o int. On s e v er al o f o ur pr oj e ct s we hav e f o un d a s h ortage of l o c al lab or . At D an a P o int w e w er e ab l e t o f in d en o u gh l o c al lab or o f the c alib er ne e d e d t o d o most phas es o f the pr oj e ct. In fact w e hav e had tw o m en·fr om D an a P o in t that w er e ex c e pt i on a l w ork ers. I have t a lk e d w it h man y pe ople who hav e a gr e at mis c on c e pt i on o f t he pe ople at D an a Po int. I w ould have t o s ay aft er b e c omin g b ett er ac quaint e d with t h e pe ople an d t h e ir pr ob lems at D ana P oint th e y ar e in n o w ay d i ff er eL ( C ont in ue d on page 16) �(5) MEET YOUR INDIAN AFFAIRS COMMITTEE The present 103rd Legislature in February appointed a Joint Select Com­ mit tee on Indian Affairs "to handle the heavy load of bills pertaining to Indian Affairs" expected during the current session. An Indian Affairs Committee of the legislature was in existence from at least 1917 through 1949. In 1951, following a report by the Legislative Research Committee, the total number of legislative committees was reduced from 41 to 23, and the Indian Affairs Committee was one of those eliminated. During the 102nd legislative session, 19 bills pertaining to Indians were introduced, and were referred to 7 different rommittees of the legislature. With this number of committees holding hearings on Indian Affairs bills, it was difficult for Indians or others to be present at all the hearings to offer testimony on the bills. The Newsletter is pleased that the 103rd Legislature has recognized these problems and has created an Indian Affairs Committee once again. The estab­ lishment of this committee will certainly make it easier for the Legislature to collect testimony on the many important Indian Aff�irs bills which are being presented to it. The Indian Affairs Committee (like all legislative committees} is composed of three Senators and seven Representatives. The membership is listed below; the biographical information is taken from the special publication of the Daily Kennebec Journal for the 103rd Legislature. MEMBERS Senator Herald J. Beckett (Committee Chairman) Born in Eastport. 5 Key Street, Eastport, Washington County. Age 70. Republican. Congregational. Married. Insurance Agent, Real Estate Broker. Educated in Eastport schools, U.S.Army Mechanical School. Member, Eastport Republican Committee 30 ye rs; Republican State Committee 10 years; finance chairman, Republican County Committee one year. Washington County Commissioner, 1937-1966; chairman of board 1956-1966. Senator Theodore S. Curtis 23 Main Street, Orono, Penobscot County. Age 66. Born in Freeport. Republican. Protestant. Married, four children. Educated University of Maine, B. S. Faculty manager of Athletics, Emeritus. Member, Orono planning board. Member, State Executive Committee and State Camp Committee, Y�M. C. A. Past president, New England College Conference on Intercollegiate Athletics. Past secretary-treasurer Yankee Conference and New England Intercollegiate Athletic Association. Trustee, Lee Academy. Member, Maine Natural Resource Council, Masons, Phi Gamma Delta Fraternity. Senator Frank Norris West Peru, Oxford County. Age 57. Born Lithuania. Democrat. Mar­ ried, 3 children. Educated Mexico, Peru & Dixfield High School. Member School Committee. Selectman. Past Democratic Town Chairman and County Trea­ surer of the Democratic Party. Member Peru Town Committee. Member of the 102nd Legislature. Representative Catherine Carswell 26 Panoramic View Drive, Portland, Cumberland County. Age 44. Born Brighton, Mass. Democrat. Catholic. Married. Licensed cosmetology in­ structor and owner of Suburban Beauty Salon. Educated in Portland parochial (Continued on Page 6) �(6) (Continued from Page S) MEMBERS • . . . and public school systems. Graduate of Portland High School, Golden School of Beauty Culture in Portland. Member of Mental Health Task Force, Maine Council of Social Agencies, Portland League of Women Voters and Business and Professional Women's Club of Portland. Member of Portland Democratic City Committee. Organizer and past president of ,Saint Catherine Guild of Saint Joseph's Home for Aged Women. Member Cumberland Democratic Women's Club. Member of Health and Institutional Services Committee and Retirement and Pensions· Committee. House chairman, Health and Institutional Services Committee. House chairman, Retirements and Pensions Committee. Member, Legislative Re­ search Committee - 102nd Legislature. Elected to 98th, 99th, lOOth and 102nd Legislatures. Representative Warren H. Cookson RFD No. 1, Bangor, Penobscot County. and 102nd Legislatures. Republie an. Member of the lOlst Representative Nicholas W. Danton 12 Milliken Street, Old Orchard Beach, York County. Age 47. Born in Biddeford. Democrat. Greek Orthodox. Married. Attorney. Educated Biddeford High School, Roosevelt Aviation School, Mineola, N.Y., Hawthorn School of Aeronautics, Orangeburg, S.C. , Portland Junior College, Portland University. Member of Old Orchard Democratic Town Committee, York County Democratic Committee. Member of 102nd Legislature. Representative William E. Dennett 185 Rogers Road, Kittery, York County. Age 58. Born in Portsmouth, N. H. Republican. Protestant. Married, two children. Insurance and Real Estate. Educated at Portsmouth, N.H., Elementary and High Schools. Selectman Town of Member of the House 94th, 95th, 96th, 99th, lOOth and lOlst Legis­ Kittery. latures. Representative Neal A. Jannelle Born in Portland. Ferry Road, Scarborough, Cumberland County. Age 37. Republican. Congregationalist. Married, four children. Educat�d at Scar­ borough public schools, (CED) courses University of Maine, Portland. Building contractor, Licensed Real Estate Broker. Nine years selectman, assessor of Scarborough; chairman for two years. Served on several local boards and committees. Member of the Lions. · Representative Frank J. Miliano 11 South Street, Eastport, Washington County. Age 39. Bor n in Long Former Eastport Retail rrerchant. Catholic. Republican. Ysrnber Arrerican Legion, Eastport Fire Departrr.ent, Republican Chief of Police. Island, N.Y. Town Committee. Representative Raymond M. Rideout, Jr. Age 41. Born in Portland. I".anchester, Kennebec County. Repub lican. Educated at Universit y of :Maine, B�A. Ma.rried, four childre n. Protestant. Alderman and Mayor, City of Hal lowell. in Business Administration. of World W�� II, Combat Engineers, ETO. Veteran The Newsletter congratulates these legislators on their Committee assign­ zrent and is confident that they will give thoughtful consideration to al l Indian legisla�ive natters, both on the Committee and in the House and Senate. �(7) PINE RIDGE MOCCASINS In February, 1967, the Dakota Moccasin Company is expected to begin operations on the Pine Ridge Reservation at the southeast end of Pine Ridge town. It is expected that the company will employ 75-100 people. Initial production is expected to reach 250 pairs of moccasins per day, with a max­ imum of 2,000 pairs a day at its peak production. Six workers began training December 1st and from this group will come the plant foreman. Lake Church Leather Products of Belgium, Wisconsin, is the parent company of Dakota Moccasin and it will supply the manager. (From Indian Times, Denver, Colorado, December 1966) A NEW DAY FOR THE AMERICAN INDIAN By Hubert H. Humphrey Vice President, The United States of America (Continued from January Newsletter) Fortunately, Indian resistance is breaking down. Fears and mistrust by the older generation are giving way as younger men and women, who have had access to long.er schooling, bring new experiences and new views to their tribal communities. Over the past hundred years - although not intensively until passage of the Indian Reorganization Act of 1934 - the U. S. Bureau of Indian Affairs has been in the business of education. At first it attempted to teach only Eventually the Bureau expanded its the simple trades and farming skills. outlook on Indian education to provide elementary, secondary and vocational training. But Federal schools until fairly recent years were often the Over the past decade, however, only non-sectarian schools open to Indians. there has been steady exodus of Indian children from Federal to local public school enrollment, as public school districts have been established on or near reservations. In some instances, the Federal and local schools pool resources to operate a cooperative school for Indians and non-Indians. And still the average reservation adult of middle age has less than a fifth grade education, and many are totally illiterate in English. Only a few hundred Indian high school graduates of last year have gone on to college this Fall. The habit of higher education has not yet taken a firm hold. Family income among the reservation dwellers still falls far below the $3,000 floor which the Office of Economic Opportunity calls the "poverty line," although new housing programs and comm9nity development.programs are making some inroads. Indian health is improving as the Public Health Service expends its network of hospitals, outpatient services and mobile clinics. But there are still too mariy disease-borne deaths and the infant mortality rate is still considerably higher than the national average. The Indian birth rate doubles the national average. The Indian population is growing at a rate so fast that the land base of the reservation can no longer support the people. To put the land base to new uses, industries seeking locations for plant expansion are being urged to explore Indian locales, with the Bureau of Indian Affairs offering on-the-job training for Indian workers. Their manual dexterity and aptitude for precision work is earning for Indians a first-rate reputation among specialized industries such as electronics. At the same time the Bureau is encouraging Indians to move off the less promising reservations and into industrial centers where work opportun­ ities are more plentiful. A package program - vocational t�aining and job placement, with all expenses paid for trainee and family - has lured about 50,000 Indians into successful urban living in the past ten years (Continued on Page 8) • • • • • �(8) (Continued from Page 7) A NEW DAY • • • • The paternalistic approach is good no longer. In its worst manifes­ tations, it resulted in a culture of poverty; even at best, it encouraged a dependency approach to life. Instead, we must foster active participation by the Indian people in all affairs that affect their own welfare and the well-being of the nation as a whole. Until this happens, Federal agencies and Federal laws can be only half effective. What then is our goal? Justice and opportunity for our Indian fellow­ citizens, so that no longer will they be a "colony of strangers." (From The Optimist Magazine, November, 1966) DID YOU KNOW THAT Marc E. Widdiss, Wampanoag, son of Mr. and Mrs. Leonard D. Widdiss, 172 School Street, Wayland, Mass., now: is a sophomore at the University of Massachusetts, in Amherst? INDIAN ACT " 'IYRANNY " SAYS CHIEF PAUL Canadian Indians are still being exposed to political tyranny by the limitations of the (Canadian) Indian Act, said a spokesman for the National Indian Advisory Board in Winnipeg. Phillip Paul, chief of the Tsartlip Tribe at Brentwood Bay, Vancouver Island, said most Canadian Indian bands want more autonomy from the federal government. " The Indian Act, as it's geared now, seems to take initiative away from �he Indian, " he said. "We seem to be under political tyranny." Mr. Paul was commenting on discussions of the board, which held its third meeting in Winnipeg in December. The board, established a year ago, is made up of 18 Indian leade�s from across Canada and it met twice before in Ottawa. Mr. Paul said most of the board members want some of the powers now held by th� minister for Indian affairs transferred to the Indian band councils. "The Indian Act is full of•powers for the minister," he said. "It says the minister may do this and has the power to do that, but it gives very little authority to the Indians to govern their own affairs. " He said the main problem of most bands is the financial situation of the reserves, but that no solution can be found until changes in the Indian Act allow the bands to develop a broader financial base for their reserves. The board, set up to advise the federal government in matters of national importance in the administration of Indian affairs, has been studying possible amendments to the Indian Act (From Indian Record, Winnipeg, Canada, January 1967) • • • • FEDERAL INDIAN BUREAU TRANSFER URGED By William M. Blair WASHINGTON - A presidential task force has recommended that the Bureau of Indian Affairs be transferred from the Department of the Interior to the Department of Health, Education and Welfare. The administration is under­ stood to be considering sending the proposal to Congress, where it is certain to touch off a fight. Signal flags of opposition already are flying on Capitol Hill. The group named by President Johnson more than a year ago to study the (Continued on Page 9) · �(9) FEDERAL INDIAN BUREAU •• (Continued from Page • • . 8) Indian problem found th�t Indian difficulties were fund.:iErrBntally educmtionail As.. one s:ociaJ. problems amd fitted more brocrdly into H.E. w. programs. informed aoUJ:rCe commented,, uH.E.W. is more people-oriented,," The Interior amch view; is that the Indiansr nattural resources should be developad to provide them with wider opportunities, Tha Sec�y of the Interior, stavmirt L. Udall, �sked �bout the group's irecommendC!l.tions. a:ire working on a had 11.no comrnent11 when He and Indian Affa:irs officials legislative program of ruq:>anded aid thmt would enable Indians to mana:ge more of their own OBffairs and davelop their Jlai!ld resourcen. Dis:.closure of the task foree recomrrendation came when Rep. Wa;yne N. Aspinall, D-Colo., who i� chad.rman of the House Interior Committee, expressed atrong opposition art a_ committee meeting with Indian a£fairs officiails. 11Just as s o on CES a:nyb�dy in the Unite.ct Staates,11 he said, "decides to place Indians in the aan:e position� other beneficiaries of H.E.w., then When Indians become 11beneficiaries of welfare Itm oppoood to it,11• he saU.d. in H.E.w.,11 he added, 11the u.s. had better ]ook to its hole itard.11 Rep. Jares A. HaJley, D-Ala:., and chairman of the cominitteat s sub­ committee on Indian affairs, said tha.t Aspinal].ts views "'p.Il'etty much expressed the view s of the subcommittee.11 Furthermore, he added, H.E.w. 11haiantt done too good a. jo b on thait ( welfare ) with the money theytve had.11 AapiJa.11 brought up the JPrOpos:ed transfer as. Robert Le Bennett, Ce� i .missioner of Indian Affains, and his assistants prepared to review Indian progl"ams and legislation for the panel. The study group wcrs R. The Coloradian said he wished to discuss the proposal but Assistant Se<tretary Hairry 11we prefer not to get into it at this time." headed by Dr. Walsh Anderson told him ¥cDermott1 Fa.:rrand Livingston professor of Heail.th and Plreventive M:ldicine at New York Hospit� - Cornell M:ldietal Center. Indians were in the group. of the Indians. It also re-commended tha..t ·funds be tripled to bring Indians The group reported that the transfer sholJld be effeeted with the consent into the mainstream of American ]ife with broad educartional. program&.. (From the Bangor Da:i. ly News, 1/2.8/67) (Editorts The N�tionaJ. Congress of AITBrican Indians, CBt its Note: 1966 annu�l meeting, passed a resolution opposing tha t ransfer of Indiam educ�ion res­ ponsibility from the Dept. of the Interior to the Dept. of Heailth, Educa tiom and Welfare. ) INDIAN ISLAND FIFTH GRADERS vrsrr UNIVERSITY It ·was a big day when 25 fifth graders from the Indian Island school in Old Tewn were taken on a tour of the University of M.:linets barns at Orono by the Student Aetion Corps, ro. community service campus, organization. The hour-long field trip was p:Ianned by Old Town School Superintendent Philip c. LibbyJ the teacher, Scarborough. (From Sister Mary Norma; and UM atudent Valerie Lamont of The reactions were those of discovery for sone of the pupils. the Portland Sunday Telegram, l/29/67) CURTIS CONFERS WITH HATHAWAY A UGUSTA ( AP ) I - Gov. Curtis conferred for an hour here with u.s.Rep . Wil� gressman, Peter Kyros•••• In ro statement issued after Mondayts conference, the liam D. Hathaway, then set up a· meeting for Tuesday with Yainets other con­ governor's office sai.d ••• they also discussed the status of Yaine's Indian schools under civil rights la�s. (From the Portland Press Herald, 2/14/67) �(10) ESTHER LOUISE SABATTUS WEDS RAPHAEL SOCABASIN PRINCETON - A February 11th ceremony united in marriage Miss Esther Louise Sabattus, daughter of Albert Sabattus of Pleasant Point and the late Alice Sabattus, and Raphael Socabasin, son of Mr. and Mrs. Lola Socabasin of Peter Dana Point. St. Anne's Church, Princeton, was the setting for the ceremony. Offic­ iating was the Rev. Maurice Lemlin. Sister Thomasine was organist and Mrs. Joseph Deschene, soloist. Escorted by her father, the bride wore a gown of white bridal satin, with a bodice of scalloped chantilly lace. Scalloped lace finished the hemline of the skirt, which ended in a chapel-length train of lace. Her veil of lace-trimmed imported silk illusion fell from a miniature Danish crown of pearls and crystal drops. She wore a double strand of cultured pearls, �nd pearl drop earrings, and she carried a missal and white rosebuds. Miss Betty Stevens was maid of honor. Miss Laura Nicholas was junior bridesmaid and Miss Romona Nicholas was flower girl. The maid of honor wore a powder blue satin brocade street-length dress fashioned like the bride's gown. The junior bridesmaid's dress was of rose brocade. They carried colonial bouquets of porns in colors matching their dr�sses. The flower girl wore a floor-length dress of white satin brocade. Patrick Socabasin was best man. Ushers were Harry Stevens and Stuart Tomah of Peter Dana Point. After the ceremony, a reception was held at the Lion's Club meeting hall. Assisting were Mrs. Blanche Moore, Mrs. Ramona Stanley, Mrs. Robert Wheaton, Also, Miss Anna Lola of Pleasant and Mrs. Marie Borsovsky of Robinston. Point, Mrs. Vergie Johnson and Mrs. Bert Tuttle. The bride.attended St. Mary's School and John Bapst High School, Bangor. The groom attended schools at Peter Dana Point and Princeton. He is employed by St. Croix Company. They will reside at Peter Dana Point. (From the Bangor Daily News, 2/17/67. Eoitor's note: A very attractive full-length photograph of Mrs. Socabasin in her bridal gown accompanied the stor}.) ESKIMO-INDIAN LAND RIGHTS • • • • The clash between developers and conservationists over the (Alaska) Rampart Dam project is only one aspect of the broader struggle for control of tPe land, a struggle that beclouds Alaska's centennial year. When the state­ hood law was enacted, 99. 8 per cent of the land was still owned by the federal Under provisions of the statehood act, Alaska was given twenty­ government. five years to select more than 104 million acres from the federal public domain. Now Eskimooand Indians are attempting to block the state selection by pressing their aboriginal rights to vast tracts of Alaska, including the Arctic Slope and the Yukon Flats. (The 1867 Treaty of Cession failed to define the entitlement of natives to the lands they were using and occupying, and Congress to this date has ducked the issue. ) In their claim to the Arctic Slope and its potential oil wealth, the Eskimos use an argument that should appeal to all conservationists. Noting the white man's proclivity· for despoiling the land and polluting the rivers, the Eskimos warn that the oil explorations might kill fish and disrupt the migration Sam Taalak, president of the Arctic Slope Native Association, of caribou. We must prepare for told a visitor to Barrow last summer: " Let me be blunt. the day when our children may have to live by hunting again. I tell you, this We ·run out of game animals and we will hit the relief is a harsh country. rolls pretty hard. " . .. . (From the Saturday Review of Literature, 1/7/67) �(11) SPECIAL AMERICAN INDIAN CALENDARS for 1967 are now available from American Indian Calendar, 79 Emerson Street, Denver, Colorado 80218. The calendars, which cost $2.00 each for 1 to 25, or $1.40 each in quantities over 25, are illustrated with photographs of var­ ious Indian crafts, include significant quotations from past and present Indian leaders, and indicate many important dates in national Indian history. INDIAN AFFAIRS BUDGET HEARING The Budget Hearing for the Department of Indian Affairs' Part II (new services) and Construction budgets will be held in Room 228, State House, Augusta, on Thursday, March 16th, from 10:45 - 11:30 A. M. Individuals, or persons representing groups or agencie� tha� wish to support the Department's budget requests for new services and construction could bring or send a written statement to be left with the Chairman of the Legislative Committee on Appropriations: Senator Richard N. Berry, Chairman Committee on Appropriations & Financial Affairs 103rd Legislature, State House Augusta, Maine 043 30 Members of the general public who are able to attend the hearing will certainly be given a chance to indicate their feelings by briefly stating their name and opinion, or by rising at the end of the hearing when called upon by the Chairman. The Part II Budget request is for funds (in addition to existing funds) with which the Department would finance new positions, services and programs. The Department's requests for new funds total $117,293 for 1967-68, and $146,022 for 1968-69. The State's recommendations for new funds total $30,000 for each of the two years. The difference between these figures represents the presently-recommended "cuts" in the Department's Part II budget; these "cuts" amount to $87,292 for '67-'68, and $116,022 for 168-'69. None of the recommended $60,000 for the two-year period involved new State personnel positions, and the Department feels this shortage would have a par­ ticularly damaging effect on plans to upgrade Tribal Constables, administer Reservation housing programs, and increase field office staff. The Departm� nt's Construction requests are for funds to provide 50% of the cost of various major construction projects on the three Reservations. The Department anticipates receiving the remaining 50% proje·ct costs from various Federal cost-sharing programs. Current State construction priorities place Pleasant Point water-and-sewage, Peter Dana Point water, and Penobscot water-and-sewage projects "high" on the priority list. Princeton "Strip" water-and-sewage, Penobscot community build­ ing, and Peter Dana Point community building projects are very "low" on the The Department feels that lack of funds for water-and-sewage priority list. construction at the "Strip'' will make it impossible to include the " Strip" in anticipated new housing programs. PENOBSCOT & PASSAMAQUODDY PUBLIC PRESENTATION · Penobscot Governor John M. Mitchell and Indian Township Passamaquoddy Governor John Stevens jointly addressed the February meeting of the Frankl�n Chapter, American Association of University Women, in Farmington, on February 17th. Topic of the program was: "The Legislative Problems of the Maine Indians.'' Governors Mitchell and Stevens, as well as Pleasant Point Passamaquoddy Governor Joseph Mitchell were invited to address a public meeting held at Bowdoin College on February 20th, with Indian Affairs Commissioner Hinckley. Bad weather that night prevented the Governors' attendance at the meeting. �(12) LONG LAKE CAMPGROUND The Maine Department of Forest Service has just issued an attractive The brochure on the Long Lake Campground of the Indian Township Reservation. pamphlet describes the location and facilities of the campground, as well as the facility's regulations and procedures to be followed in making campsite reservations. Copies of the "Long Lake Campground" pamphlet may be obtained free-of­ charge by writing: Campsite Coordinator, Maine Dept. of Forest Service, State House, Augusta, Maine 04330. (See article on Page 1, December 1966 Newsletter.) RED TAPE (A charred fragment of deerskin was recently excavated by the Plymouth County, Massachusetts, Archaeological Society on the site of an early seven­ It bore curious inscriptions, apparently teenth century Algonquin encampment. hasty' notes made by a volunteer secretary in primitive spcedwriting. A crude translation follows:) Sachem Warriors squaws Algonquin Village Association come to order. cast one vote accept unread minutes last powwow. Special meeting: zoning. Problem: Impending population explosion, increased real estate values, substandard housing, litterbugs, river pollution, junkpiles, infiltration un­ American types. Zoning essential preserve character community. Samoset say: First white man come, OK. We give fish, corn. He come back, bring friends. Wrong color, strange gods. Wise men read omens. See PTA, DAR, ESP, AT&T, LSD, SEC, DDT, BPOE, A&P, RCA, Radcliffe, Trailer, barbecue, power mower. Eat outdoors, go bathroom indoors. Bikini, rock'n'roll corrupt papoose. Stop before too late. Move 1,000-acre zoning. Amendment: 2,000-acres. Yak yak yak. Appoint study committee. (From Saturday Review of Literature, 2/11/67, by Harland Manchester) INDIANS HAVE THEIR PRIDE by William M. Clark My two year residence in Princeton, years ago, certainly doesn't qualify me to suggest specific ways to upgrade the social, economic, and educational status of the Maine Indians who live near that town. It serves only to make me realize that the ways must be specific, not generalized pressures toward some pattern visualized by a proponent of regimen­ tation. The Indians who live at Peter Dana Point, near Princeton, are Passama­ quoddies. We had a few of them in high school. He visited out at the point. We liked them. I think some of them liked us, but about this I am not posi­ tive....My memories of the Peter Dana Point Indians involve a few things I'd like to pass along. The first one is that the Indians held tightly to their pride in a past racial greatness. They kept alive certain skills and lore that had been handed down to them with their culture. They had a superb sense of humor. Most of their jokes were subtle, but they enjoyed them immensely. They were constantly surrounded by dogs, amazing numbers of dogs. I'm sure they never abused them and they never abused their children either, except unknowingly in a kind of innocent neglect. All this may sound like too poetic a description of a group of people who were living in deprivation. But we were all living ·in deprivation. How else could we live when the sawmill was paying $18 a week ! don't think (Continued on Page 13) . I . • • �(13) (Continued from Page 12) there were over six bathrooms in Princeton. I know we didn't have one. So deprivation didn't enter into the picture except in one way. The Indians· weren't as concerned about the lack of THINGS as the rest of us were. Their drives took different forms. The plea I'm making today is for a remembrance of difference. This is not the same as a suggestion of inequality. The mass planners seem to have trouble understanding that. It is past time for many things in Maine, but we can't go back and predate our activities. We've been too slow in extending the sincere hand of genuine helpfulness to the Maine Indians There's no sense in sobbing. Action is what is needed. In the case of the Indians, though, that action must not take the form of bludgeoning them into a pattern that the bureaucrats decree is universally beneficial. Planned "improvement'1 must be adjusted to conform to the Maine Indians' desire to preserve identity. The Great Society concept of a·path tcward the perfect life is a generality. To order the Indian to fellow it, for­ saking his own culture, would put one more mark on his blackboard of bitterness. This dictated dogmatism that destroys differences is what I fear, be­ cause we are becoming so tolerant of ruthless regimentation. (From the Portland Press-Herald, 2/6/67) . • • . MALISEET TRIBE TO GET NEW VILLAGE WOODSTOCK, N.B. (AP) - The white man's need for hydroelectric power is driving a band of Maliseet Indians from their village established along the St. John River near here more than 270 years ago. However, the New Brunswick Electric Power Commission and the federal Indian affairs branch are cooperating with the Indians to provide the band with a new village which will cost more than $187,000 The new village will comprise 17 new homes and the relocation of three recently-constructed buildings on a gently rolling hill about three miles south of here. Streets, sewage and water lines are being built and a sewage treatment system using a new process will be installed. Members of the Maliseet band decided on the type of houses in the devel­ Once occupied, the homes opment and will be given certificates of ownership. cannot be sold to anyone but members of the band. It is expected that the school building, largely unused since Indian children were integrated into the provincial school system, will be converted for use as a community center (From the Portland Press-Herald, 2/9/67) . • • • . • . . . MISCELLANEOUS Wilma Louise Victor, a Choctaw Indian and the Bureau of Indian Affairs' top-ranking woman educator, has been selected as one of the six women in Government to receive the coveted 1967 Federal Woman's Award. The Bureau of Indian Affairs, Washington, D. C., has named a 16-man Nati'.m­ al Indian Education Advisory Committee. 15 members are Tribal leaders; all are Indians. Tribal membership includes Pima-Maricopa, Apache, Sioux, Choctaw, Hopi, Alaskan, Papago, Creek, Pueblos, Navajo, Paiute and Cheyenne. An article on Maine Indians appears in Hi Way magazine, March 1967, pub­ lished for teen-agers by the United Presbyterian Church (WitherF-poon Building, Philadelphia, Pa. 19107) . Alvin Josephy, Jr., and Mitchell A. Wilder are two newly-appointed mem­ bers of the U.S. Department of the Interior's Indian Arts and Crafts Board. They replace Rene d'Harnoncourt and Erich Kohlberg. �FIRST LOOK REVEALS NO INDIAN SCHOOL SEnRBiATION . By Bob Drew . . . . . • . • OLD TOWN-A federal education team investigating alleged discrimination in Indian schools on three reservations in Maine gave some indications here Monday that they found no major evidence of a Civil Rights law violation, but at the same time cautioned against any premature conclusions as to the ultimate findings. Members of the Penobscot Indian Tribe, obviously concerned about the matter1 were told at a tribal meeting Monday evening by Charles Bechtold of the Boston Re­ gional Office of the United States Office of �ucation that "I do not see segre­ gation in the Island school." However, Bechtold told approximately 60 people at Tribal Hall that the federal group was only on a fact-finding mission, and would not maKe any final determinations. Bechtold, John Lagomarcino, a civil rights attorney with the United States Health, Education and Welfare Department, and Edward Snyder, a civil rights speci­ alist with the Equal Educational Opportunities program of HEW, have been sent to Maine by HEW to determine whether or not claims that reservation schools at Old Town, Perry and Princeton are discriminatory in that their pupils are mostly In­ dians. Lagomarcino said a final decision on the matter could be expected, probably within four to six weeKs "I think you'll see that this is handled rather promptly," he told the NEWS. Tribal officials will be informed of the findings at the same time that state officials are, he said. Federal officials came to Maine a week ago at the behest of Gov. Curtis after the discrimination charges arose. Kenneth M. Indian spoKesman here, for the most part, were highly critical of the actions of ��ine Education Commissioner William T. Logan Jr., Monday night, when they said there were indications there had been talk about closing the Indian schools prior to the time the State Education Department took over their operation from the Maine Department of Health and Welfare. Some of those present requested that the federal team disclose \/ho had made the complaints about discrimination, but this the visitors said they were unable to do. Lagomarcino said it came to the attention of the federal officials as a re­ sult of sommunication and correspondence between the Maine Department of Education and the United States Of!ice of Education. Other speaKers from the floor suggested that there was no sense in trying to find a "goat" but merely settle the problem. Bechtold emphasized that the federal team was only gathering facts which it would submit to higher authorities in Washington. "The federal government does not have the authority to close the Indian schools," he declared. He added: "Yes, the government could hold bacK federal funds from the state, but the facts here don't point in that direction." Bechtold stressed that closing the Indian schools was a responsibility of the state, not of the federal government. "For myself, I see no problem," he declared. Snyder told the group, "We can't tell you what the Comm\bS.sion of Education ( U.S. ) is going to say." A woman from the floor asked the question: "If the state decides to close our schools, can the Federal government help us Keep them open?" Lagomarcino replied that to the best of his Knowledge the matter had never been discussed. "I don't Know," he replied, but indicated that it was doubtful. The Washington attorney said at one point that only certain federal funds would be withheld from Maine if it were found to be in violation, rather than all of them. Tribal Gov. John Mitchell, who conducted the meeting, promised his people that "as your governor, I shall carry this through." plause� (Continued He received a large round of ap­ on Page 15 ) �(15 ) IND IAN SEGRfilATION. . (Continued from Page 14 ) . . NO SCHOOL Other speaker� inc luded Indian Rep. John Nelson , Pierre , Ernest Goslin , Fr . Romeo St. who gave a report of a meeting between Federal offic ials and Indian repre­ _sentatives and others at Augusta last weeK, and S chool Superintendent , State Rep . Warren Cookson of Glenburn Philip Libby of Old Town . The Federal team spent most of Monday visiting the Indian school here and t alking with teachers and others as well as with Libby . Tuesday , �he team will move into Washington County where they w i ll vis i t the reservation at Princeton and meet with tribal leaders and others that evening. Wednesday , they will visit the Pleasant Point reservation and have another evening meeting with tribal leaders . In each instanc e , the superintendents, (From they are visiting the schools c on c erned and � alking with teachers and other interested persons . the Bangor Daily News , H . E . W. 2/17/67 ) AGENT IS FINISHING INDIAN SCHOOL STUDY Perry- "Whatever the Indian has to say, we want to hear, " were the words of a civil rights specialist Wednesday night, as he summed up the purpose of a fed� eral fac t - finding group sent to M9.ine by the Health, Education and Welfare De­ partment . Edward Snyder was the only remain;i;;ng member of the three- man Federal education team investigating alleged claims that reservation schools at Old Town, Perry , and Princeton are discrimina tory because most of their students are Indians. Snyder said Wednesday , while in Eastport , that both Charles Bechtold of the Boston Regional Office of the United S tates Office of Education , marcino , a civil rights att orney wi th the United States Health, and John Lago­ Education and Welfare Department left early Wednesday morning to fill " prior c ommittments . 11 The three , since Monday, have toured the Old . T own and Princ:eton reservations in an effort to dig up sufficient f9 c ts to enable decision maKers in Washington to arrive at a final decision as to whether or not the schools are discriminatory . A " c olleague from Washington 1 1 was scheduled to j oin Snyder for the fac t searching tour at the Pleasant Point reservation Wednesday, but due to Tuesday1 ·s storm, the official was unable to keep the appointment . Snyder indicated that the news was a strong disappointment in view of the mountainous chore of gathering as much information as possible in the relatively short period of time allotted to the m ission . The specialist said he expected to visit with a number of Indian leaders and school officials at Pleasant Point and Eastport before attending a tribal meeting in the recreation hall on the reservation at 7 : 30 P. M. He noted that some had c oncluded that Washington had said that i t was going to c lose the Indian ' s schools . n ot close the " This is not true," he said , 1 1 the government can­ schools but it can withhold federal funds if it deems necessary . " Snyder repeatedly made it clear that he had no opinion to release regarding whether the schools were or were not discrim inatory, but pointed out that it was " strictly a governmental decision" which c ould not possibly be determined until the matter had been studied from every c onceivable point . When asKed when suc h a decision by the government might be forthcoming, he said that he would t ry to insure prompt decision on the matter, but did not ex­ pect tha t the o�fic e of education would have developed an offic ial opinion from t he fac ts revealed by the tour before four or five weeKs or longer- depending upon the comple teness of the fac ts . (Continued on Page 1 6) " �( 16 ) H . E. W. AGENT IS FINISHING INDIAN SCHOOL STUDY (Continued from Page 15 ) There are a lot of factors involved in the tnaking of such a decision and any facts could have a de cided e ffec c on the outcome ) said Snyde r ) pointO ing out that the Title S ix program was only two years old and suggested that an­ nual reports on the program , needed in the present study for comparison purposes, one of these may not be immediately available . "He would like to know the per capita cost of operating the Indian schools fqr the past 15 years , made available for some time , " he said . but these f i gures may not be The civil rights specialist concluded by expressing a belief that there was yet much worK to be done after leaving the reservation , but gave the assurance that the final decision will "not be made in haste . " (From the Bangor Daily News , 2 / 9/ 67 ) TWO SKELETONS UNCOVERED AT PEMAQUID By Helen Camp On the 19th of August , Dig . 196 5 , two skeletons were d iscovered at the Pemaquid They were found ten fee t from the Tavern site ) at a depth of two feet. One skele ton was lying on its side with i ts Knees drawn up in a flexed po­ sition . This is believed to be that of an Indian , since the position is typical o f a number of Indian burials . The bones were in such a poor state of preserva­ tion ; that they could no � be removed one by one . They and the surrounding earth w e re hardenec with a resin and removed as a block . The other skeleton lay parallel to the " Indian 1 1 , one was lying on its back . torso was covered with three hammered brass plate s , been placed. length 3 strand ) then folded together to form a bundle . 9- 3/ 4 to 10- 1/2 inches in braided cord, which may be This second skeleton was taKen to Dr . W G:l S Under the entire skeleton was the barK of a tree Natural History for study . This The over which a de er hide bad Across the shoulders were 5 brass tubes , These were strung on a single , o f sinew, separated by five feet . The skull was resting on a round brass plate . Junius Bird of the American Museum of We give an extract from his report : "Dr. Harry L . Shapiro (Chairman of the Department of Anthropology of the American Museum of Natural History ) examined the remains and believed the adult to have been a woman under 40 years of age . He did not reach any positive opi nion as to whether she might have been Indian or White. A baby was placed naKed in the grave , apparently on top of the adult body with its head resting on he r right shoulder . days old . It was very young ) possibly only a few The navel is visible in the preserve section of the stomach skin, but does not show any residual umbilical cord. The sKin of the infant ' s forehead retains some fine , of a band ) There about 3/ 8 of an inch w ide , darK hair and a portion which apparently encircled the head . is nothing I can report which might explain this rather curious burial. Professor James Griffin of the University of Michigan, North American Indians, a leading authority on the examinec the re ma ins and says he bas never seen anything l i Ke it . " We are waiting for the results from a s ample of bone submitted for a Carbon 14 dating . . (From the . Maine Arche ological Society Bulletin, (L E T T E R S C n t inue d f r om page 4 ) f r om t h e pe ople and the ir prob lems in any c ommun i t y w e hav e worke d in . We have en j oye d a t D ana P e in t as you c an s e e , and have had v e ry f e w pr ob lems . Ve ry t ruly yours , Raymond F . S arge nt , Inc . C . T h omas Le av i t t , Engine e r ( C on t i? u e d o n page 1 7 ) 4/ 5 / 66 ) �tl7 )· (L E T T E R S c on t inue d from page J6 ) S't a t e o f Maine S e na t e C hamb e r Augu s t a , Main e D e ar Mrs . T h omps en : T hank you f o r your s e v e ral le t t e rs c on c e rning t h e I n d ian le gis l a t i on and s o li c i ting my c on t inue d support in the ir cause . I s hall plan t e s e nd you , as s o on as p o s s ib le , the s ugge s t e d ar t i c le expr e s s in g my v i e ws f or pub li c a t i on in your newsle t t e r . S t.a t e of Main e H ou s e of R e pre s e n t a t ive s Augus t a , Maine S inc e re ly Ric hard N� B e r ry / D e ar Mrs . T h omp� on : In r e gard t o your que s t i ons re gar d ing le gi s lat ive p lan s in pers uan c e o f t he b i lls giv ing Indian R e pre s e n tat ive full pay , allowan c e s , e t c . I migh t s ay t ha t I hav e n o t f orme d any de fini t e plan s ye t . The b il ls , two o f t he � , we re in t r od uc e d t o day ( Jan . 18 , 1967 ) . R e p . C arlt on S c o t t o f W i l t on , and I are t he c o -s p on s ors . The inea is t o give t he b ills as much b ipar t i s an suppo�t as p o s ­ s ib le . W e a r e runn in g in t o s ome oppo s i t i on o n b o t h side s o f t h e par t y f e n c e . In view o f the fac t that the pay b ill and the bill t o v o t e on pendin g le gi s ­ lat i on is c o -s p on s ore d I d on ' t b e +ieve there w i l l b e any s e par a t e par t y b il l s on t he s ub j e c t . I b e li e v e the b ill Mr . S c o t t and I hav e s p ons ore d c on t a in s a l l that is ne c e s sary t o b r ing Ind ian Re pre s e n t a t iv e s in t o as n e a r e q uali t y with o th e r S t a t e R e pr e s en t a t iv e s s s t h e F e de ra l C o ur t d e c i s i ons will pre s e n t ly allow . T h e y w ill hav e und e r our b i ll , in e f f e c t , the s ame s t a t us as the o ld T e rrit or ial D e le ga t e s or the Pre s e n t Pue r t o R i c an R e s ident C ommis s i on e r d o e s i n t h e F e de ral H ouse o f Repre s e n t at ive s . T h e b i ll r e ad s as f ollows : "Wi t h t he e xc e p t i on of t he r i gh t t o v ot e on p e nd in g le gis la t i on , the me mb e r o f the Penob s c o t Indi an T r ib e and t h e me mb e r o f the Pas s ama qu oddy I ndian T r ib e e le c t e d t o r e pre s e n t his t r ib e at the b i e nnial assemb ly o f the L e gis l a t ure s hall have a s e a� in the H ou s e of R e pre s e n t a t i v e s an d all priv ile ge s , righ t s and du t ie s o f o t h e r repre s e n t a t iv e s , inc luding t h e r i ght t o se rve i n a n on ­ v ot i n g c apac i t y on a n y c ommi t t e e . 1 1 I hope t his will answ e r y our q ue s t ions and I h ope t h a t b e f o re an o t h e r mont h o r s o h a s pas s e d w e w i l l b e ab le t o t e ll y o u more h ow t h i s b i ll and t he ? ne to rais e t he Indian R e pr e s e n t a t ive ' s pay and allowan c e s is c omin g a l on g . V e r y t ruly yours , S . Glenn S tarb ird , J r . ANNOUNCEMENT : T h e o f f i c e o f t h e D e partment o f Indian A f fairs has mov e d f r o m 189 S t a t e S t . t o t he S mi th" H ou s e o n 108 Grove S t re e t . This b u ildin g is l o c a t ­ e d a t t h e re ar o f t h e D e p o s i t ors T r u s t C ompany b ran c h o f f i c e ( a c r oss C ap i t o l S tre e t f rom t h e S t a te H ou s e O f f i c e b uildin g ) . T he addr e s s f or mail w i ll s t ill be : D e partme n t o f Indian A f fairs , S t a t e H ou s e , Augu s t a , Maine 0433 0 . ANTI -POVERT Y D IRECTOR WANTED Washin g t on (Eas t er nm o s t U . S . ) C oun t y , Maine , n e e d e d f r o heading c ount y -w ide c om­ mun i t y a c t i on pr o grams ( salary $ 10 , 500 ) and als o dire c t or for I nd ian R e s e rv a t i onE pregram , s ame c o un t y . Matur e c o lle ge graduate with e xperie n c e and/or demon s t ra­ ted int e r e s t i n e c onomi c s and "The O t h e r Ame r i c a " . Airmai l r e s ume , spe c i fying j ob pr e fe re n c e (and minimum s alary a c c e ptab le i f in t e r e s t e d in I n d ian p o s i t i on ) t o : Was hingt on C o un t y Re gional Ac t i on A ge n c y , Pos t O f f i c e B LD G . , Mach ias , Maine . (Fr om t he Por t land S unday T e legr am , 1/15/67 ) �( 18) DOHN THE RIVER By Helen Ca ldwe ll C u shman (An Introduc t i on to our neighbor to the s outh , Wayne ) Wayne , or i g i na lly Known a s New Sandw i ch , i s a bea utiful town . uni que fe& ture s wh i ch a dd to the inte r e s t of anyone interes ted in And it ha s a wea lth of fa s c ina t ing Ind ian lore . Much of the pa s t of Wayne , s ulted f r o m the loc a t i on . It ha s many nat.n1·a 1 h i s l�ory . even ba c K in the t i me of the Ana sugunt i c ooks , To the north , Wayne is re­ s e pa ra ted from the waterways which dra in into the Sandy River by he ights of land . Off to the ea s t is the Ken­ All the waterways leading J:'1·otn the north to Wayne r i se in K i mball nebe c R iver and Boody Ponds on the mounta ins beyond Vienna v i llage . One early vis i tor to the . r e g i on , a Mr . Bowen, came by water from Lew i s ton i nto La Ke Andro s c oggin, and the nce up the long s e r i e s of laKe s unt i l he rea ched a long w ind i ng stream between M:inne­ h onK and Taylor Mi ll Pond . He and h i s party of t i mber c ru i s ers ca mped on the stream which is a s w i ld it wa s when ·che Indians used it for a thoroughfa re . The next morning , t oday a s a nd thi s wa s b a c k in 1760 , Mr . Bowen c l i mbed a h i ll s outh of the s tream and then a ta ll p i ne tree and looKed out over miles of virgin t i mber . The h i ll bears h i s name t oday . He wrote that they had rea ched a point going ups trea m a ll the whi le from Lew i s ton about thirty m i le s . And the waterway ha s born the name of Th irty Mi le R iver ever s ince . Thi rty Mile R iver r i s ing a s vi llage of V ienna drops until it doe s in the he i ghts north of the p i c ture s que s tead i ly through a long s e r i e s of la Ke s , i t rea che s the Dead R iver from whence i t flows ponds and s trea ms i nto the Andro s c oggin . There i s a drop of more than s ix hundred fe et from the s ource to the outlet . . . all adding t o the wa ter power whi ch once tur ned the wheels of the indus t r i e s a l ong i t s banl{S . . a nd a century ago Wayne was an i mportant indu s t r ia l town . . . important, tha t i s , by s t a ndards of the da y . When the tumb l ing r ive r rea che s We s t Mount Vernon, i t i s j o ined b y the north­ w e s t b ra nch . Ea r ly s e ttlers in the Sa ndy R iver often went thi s 'Jay from Par_ker to Dav i d and Ti lton Ponds , and thence by a carry to Mosher Pond and a water c ourse tha t led eventually i nto the Sandy R iver . ry i ng pla ce s known to the Indians , All a long the waterway are tnany car­ and lmown to many ca mpers on canoe trips to thi s day . In 'bhe s outhe a s t part of Wayne I nd ians whi ch dra ins through Berry , R iver . there is apother wa terway a ls o u s ed by the Dexter and Wi l s on Ponds i nto the Kennebec From Morr i s on He i ghts wh i ch sepa rated the two water sheds . . . that long one of the Andro s c oggin and the Kennebe c i s is the one of the mos t beautiful v iew s i n Ma ine . The we s t pa rt of La Ke Andr os c oggin is the There a re s even i s la nds was in Leeds . From a lmos t any h i ll around la Ke there are pla ce s where the i s lands and the Cape s ta nd out l i ke j ewels . in the la Ke , and one at the outle t whi ch one writer sa id " e mbra ced between the two bra nche s s urr.ounds One of the la rge i s lands towards Leeds was s a cred pla ce later . . of the Dead R i ver whi c h here s epa ra tes and it . " to the Ana sa gunt i c o o1rn . b u t it is once More of thi s an Ind ian bury ing ground , a land or i s land and one other s trange that b oth of the s e a re c overed w ith bla c K sand . Excava ­ t i ons have been made o n one a nd many Indian re l i c s found . In the s outhwe s t part of the laKe i s a ne c K of land Known a s the Cape whi ch exte nd s i nt o the laKe a d i s tance of two or th.ree mile s . There are s evera l hundred of meadow land wh i ch i s flooded in the high water of s pr ing and on whi ch Cape haying was an event in the early days of the township . grew exce llent hay . (C ont i nued a cr e s next month) t �;::; a Q (')\. \I .. ·,--.r .._··. Gib; Ct 0 ·1 in Mame . �� \ - Maine's ONLY ----st ate-wide Indian newsletter mailed directly to : _,.---- ( ::� �r Pnt Office box h \ . : ... i/;,-' _,- · _,Q;-�f:/dU' / 1·�� ('1_ '�-- - -//(/.' r>'�..;,\ \ -· () ·--i; \ I ; • \\ \ _,_. i � 1 \ ';0--- -----:: . --.: / .. ..: ,:: - . . --,v_________ . }. ;.. � ....... . )l ,----{ _ _ �� ' '.l · --- · . '-,-�'·,[ --::7 [ , I ; > \ \=t 11 )Jfij -L� j �: - '_- - to know what other }·� Tribes are doing, thinking and planning; · . _ i \\ �' ! ...... " NT U IF YO WA - - a fre e " st arter " sub scripti� _.,.,. -...� 0,1:('1� to the Maine Indian Newslett er ; - news of Indian a.fi'a.irs and around the country ; \\l \I ,. \ \ \ 1 l ./ .; Y_LB_:.�:1-/._ . ..:�.-'' ·.�- )\ \� I '--.! F ILL O T THE SUBSCRIPTION SLIP BELOW U AND 1 - -- - MAIL IT WITH NO MONEY TO : IND IAN NEWSIETTER Pine Street Fr eeport , Maine �4032 ..AINE l-'f (Also send in your suggestions, - � - - - joke s, arti cle s , c�mplaint s, - - c omment s , ideas, l et t ers, cartoons, news ite�e , s t �ri e s, et c ? ! ! ! ) --------- ----------------------- I Wluld like a copy of th e Maine Indian Newsietter mailed to me each month : NAME -- � � � -� � -- � � -- � - _ � _ - p i t� -- -- -- � -- � -� (Pl _ � _ _ )� -- � -- -- � e a se r n MAILING ADDRESS _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - (Send - - - this slip - - - - - to Maine --- - - Indi an (ZIP Newsle tter, Pine Str eet , Freep �r t , Me . - - -- - - - �- - OJde , please) - - - ------- 04032) �MA INE INDIAN NEWSLETTER Pine Street Fre�port , Maine BULK RATE U . S . POSTAGE 2 7/8¢ PAID Freepcrt , Maine Permit No . 33 04032 04901 Colby C o lle ge Libr ary Waterville , Me . � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Penobscot Description An account of the resource The Penobscot people, who identify closely with the Penobscot River that is their home, have a reservation on Indian Island, near Old Town, Maine. Part of the Wabanaki Confederacy, they were among the tribes that won federal recognition in the 1980 Maine Indian Land Claims Settlement Act. <br /><br />A Penobscot scholar, Joseph Nicolar, was one of the first regional Native people to publish a book: <em>Life and Traditions of the Red Man</em> (1890). Since then, many others have written about their language and culture, including the performing artist Molly Spotted Elk and poet Carol Dana.<br /><br />The Penobscots have a rigorous process for protecting their intellectual property, asking any scholars who are studying or writing about them to communicate with their Cultural Heritage and Preservation Office.<br /><br /><strong>Resources</strong><br /><br />Penobscot Nation <a href="https://www.penobscotnation.org/" target="_blank">website</a><br /><a href="http://www.penobscotculture.com/" target="_blank">Penobscot National Cultural &amp; Historic Preservation Department</a><br /><br /> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <em>Maine Indian Newsletter</em> (Feb. 1967) Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource ssipsis (Thompson, Eugenia) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Colby College Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1967-02 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Julia Brush Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Digital images courtesy of Colby College Library. In making these images available, we also consulted with ssipsis’ daughter, Pam Outdusis Cunningham. Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Document Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource pdf Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DV-471 https://www.dawnlandvoices.org/collections/files/original/acc6c6d057d89d8c2bad4c4f97d80e73.pdf 5f65d762411b7034a2396612c4c294ac PDF Text Text MAINE �.INDIAN N E W S L ·E T T E R VOLUME 1, NUIVIBER 6 JANUARY 1967 INDIAN RESERVATION SCHOOLS TO BE INSFSCT:CD The three Maine Indian reservatio�s �ill have their sc11ools inspected federal official of the U.S. Depart �nt of He<llth, �duc�tion and .ielf&re. HEW contends that ti-ie schools are in violc:.,tion of the Civil Rishts itct of 1964. This announceraent ca&e in answer to the telebra� sent by, GovernorCur­ c<nd Comvisioner of Indian J-1.ffairs, tis; Com,.1isi·oner of Education, Logc..tn; Hinckley, which requested a review of the threatening situation to �ithhold federal funds from the sto.. te 1 s Education Depurt .ient. (A co;y of Gov. Curtis 1 telegram follows this article.) The HE· re2resentative, Theron Johnson scheduled a �eating on January 27th, and will spend as much tifile as nece�3�ry to loo� into the situation. by a GOV"SRNOR Clr:?TIS .SE.ms TELt;GR•·ci The Governor of t:iaine, Kenneth ·!. Curtis sent a telegrnm to the U. Office of Education about the Civil qights hCts ,�it a�plies to the Maine The text of the telegrl: follows: Indian children. 11i�1r. David. S. Seeley, Assistant ComuJisioner · .,,-..'CAL �Due l'IGr�1�L O:.? 0 TUF"ITI-:s .L ROGR.-tr; Office of Education U :ashington, D.C. 20202 • • • As a result of your letter of August 3u, 19u01 &nd subsequent recent action by the Maine St· te Board of Education in prepar­ ing ap roprinte leGislntion for cowpliance, serious questions have been rnised �vithin the Der--c.�rt··ent of :,�ducation, Depart"1ent of Indi�n Affairs, Ro�an Catholic.Diocese of Fortland, �ewbers of the State Le�islature and the Governors of the Penobscot and Passanaquoddy Reservations concerning the infor1.!ation on which your opinion was based. On behalf of the State of Maine, in conjunction with Commis�ioner nd Cow: -issioner Hinckley of the De!>artment of Indian Affairs, Logan of the Department of �ducation, I urgently request that you or a representative of your office coille to Maine as soon as possible to conduct a detailed personal investigation of the current program for the �ducation of our Indian children, to consult with the agencies �entioned above, and to report to me your findings. It is the aim of this Administration to provide the best possible educational oyportunities for all J\·laine children including Indian children and in addition to ensure that this stEte.is in coillpli­ ance with all provisions of the Civil Right� f ct." �(2) IND IAN Gonm 'ORS S.t-Eru".. OUT MaiDe IDdians Make Plans To Oppo&e Any E fLar t T o C lose T h e i r ,ch o ols b y B ob Dr e w Augus t a and many - The of Mai n e 's in pr o t e a t T h is t ime ove r what it ''G r e e t \t'J hi t e Fo.t he r " 1 , 200 t h e y consi d e r as ano t h e r is s£ho ols Le ad e rs of ( January 17 t h) in gt on C ount y, i n ,Jashin- t on r e se rva t i on Indians are on the t h e Passamaq u o d d y T r i�e at �nd Pie asan t the of r e se rv� tione . Faint has d o11e to i t again the veroal w�rpa th l one st ring of a injust ices . held counci l sessi ons T u e sday and Pe t e r Dana P e n obsc o t Tribe t aking had a oint Rcse rvd t i ons in s e ssi on sched ul�d trte iash ­ f o ll ow ­ ing ,Je dne sday e veni11.:; at O l d T own wi t h o f 1icials o f t h e dc.. i ne D e par t.nent of E d ucat i on and the i1'la ine D e par t went of Ind i2n Af fairs . S t i l l a t h i r d r.ae e t i ng was sche dule d T!iu rsday at Au gus ta �vh e re pre ­ t h e Maine R o man C a t h olic d i oce oe con f e r \Jil;ll e d ucc..t i o n c:.nd s e nt a t ive s o f t r ib al l e ad e rs. C ath olic nuns s t af f Ind ian l e ad e rs are the t h re e incense d b e cause e le �ent ary scho ols . t h e s t ate h�s s�id Jay have it t o cl ose t h e sch o ols 0c �use o f a U.S. Ofiice o f Educati on ruling th� t d o n o t c omp l y w i t h t h e C i vil Rign t s Ac t of 1964. T h is the Go v . "We feel and state our I n d i ans d eny . John Mi t che l l t ha t the of t h e Pe nobsc o t T r i b e f e d e ral g ove rnment mat t e rs wh ich hq_d o f Maine . t r e a t y right:s to Old T o�n, T h is we sa i d Je dnesday, of haine, the S t e.. te f o rme r ly hand l e d t r.bu l f e e l is a vi ola t ion o f ifvh e n t h e C om..... onw e a l t h t he S t a t e r e sp onsibili t i e s t hat had b e e n at ove rst e p}Je d i t s aut h or i t y in d o n o t conce rn i t . t r e a t y wi t h t h e S t a t e sold c•.ir they by o f I·iassachus e t ts of Ma ine assume d all t h e C ommonw e a l t h o f Mass­ achuse t t s. T h e s e t r e a t i e s s t i p u la t e .t ha t e ver y t r i b a l me w b e r sha ll n o t d e pr ive d o f h e a l t h, e d uca t i on an d we l f·r e . The f e d e ra l g ove rnme n t fe els that the St .::.. t e of ha ine is not be in c o m ­ p liance w i t h t h e C i vi l Righ t s l e gisla t i on o f 1964. � J e fe e l it is . " M i t che l l said t h e r e are p r e se n t l y Indi�n and n on- Ind ian st ud ents at t e nd ing t he the pas t . f ive , and field "We by the of of He Ind ian t ha t fee l sai d Island Sch o o l a t t ha t the Indian o ld e r st u d e n t s the state e ducat i on. p r e se n t s t at e go Old T own and t h is has happe ne d in Island Sch o o l is for grad e s one t o sch o o ls in O l d T own wh ich are is p r e se n t ly me e t ing i t s o b l i gat i ons t o us in t h e W e also f e e l w e a r e n o t b e ing discriminat e d agains t gove rnme n t ';" .Mi t ch e l l conc l u d e d . Tri b a l l e ad e rs a t b o t h Pleasant f i rm c onvict i on t ha t Point and Pe t e r Dana P o in t w e r e t he y w o u l d s t and sch o o l ch i ld r e n w h o a t t e n d grad es one t h e i r g r o und and n o t t h r o ugh f ive , the t o a t t e nd p u b l ic sch o o ls if r e se rva t i on sch o o l s t o o d w i d e Ona of t h e y d es i r e , open t h e s t r onge s t advoca t e s o f t inue d i n d e fini t e ly is J os e p h Nich o las, P oint t o a t t e nd what the t h e y sa i d t he The the gover nor l e ade r of the the fame d lnd ian dancing gr o up has m o ve d opp o r t un i t y t o acce p t can b e e v e n t ual assimi lat i on o f whi t e man's socie t y . " way t h e s t at e in t h is e f f o r t t he Nich' o las r e f e r r e d to the of r e ce nt of the r e j e c t i on of 1 on page 13) P l e asant o f E d uca t i on is a Indian r e se rvat i ons the i t a s a p e opl e , d e a l ing?" (C ont inue d of of tri b e sai d is h i g h l y und e m ocra t ic.· plan o r r e je ct accompl i sh e d b y t h is way t h r o ugh door r e s e r va t i on sch o o ls b e ing con­ a f o rme r Nicho las f e e ls t h e move by t h e S t a t e D e part m e n t to the their t h ose th ose s t u d e nts t o o . gr o u p . "s t e pping st one int o for but also p e rmi t o u t s i d e the r e se r va t i ons cal l t h e p ub l ic sch o o l sys t e m. T h e governors d i d h o w e ve r give appr ova l t o t hose in gr&d es six e ig h t t hr o u gh int e gra t e d. Ne " t he had n o I ask m y se l f, wha t a pr o p os e d Sch o o l Adminis­ �(3) E D I T 0 R I A L S THE HAil'iE IHDIAN .NF: !SLETTER EDITOR: EUGENIA T. ThOMPSON (Penobscot) The Maine Indian Newsletter is Maine's only state-wide Indi2n ne'.vsletter, and is free of charge. News and stories way be submitted to the Neivsletter by the 15tl1 of each �onth for that-month's publication at the following adlress� Pine Street Fre..J·>ort, Haine : 04032 (Tel � phone: 865-4253) Letters to the Editor are .telco1J1e but u.1ust con.i:o.cm to t;he rules required by ev�ry newspaper. They must bear the writer's correct name and address altl1ough pen ndmes are rJerILiitted at the discretion of the Eclitor. All letters wust be signed thou�h nR�es will be withheld fro� �ublication on request. Freference will be given to letters not over 350 words in length. Letters are subject to condensation or editing �hen space limitations reqtire. Pli.S8Ai Ji�-.;uoDDY GOif R1-0R CIJ.'ES J1IS FECFLE ON l•.ET' lIC IfiAUGU�. TIO!� To The People of the Pass[lli1aquoddy Tribe: I want to thank each of you who took part in the Inaugural Cere onies. This was the first tiiJe in the history of the Passa 1aquoddf Tribe thcit both ofthe governors (Indian �ownship and Pleasant Point Reserv2tions) were sworn into office at the same time. 11y thanks goes to Delia Mitchell for organizin� the Indian dancing group. This group was wade up of members of both reservati0ns and perfor.1ed durii1g the cere1.rnny. I a · very �'roud of each perfor..:ter and I vrnuld like to cor11rliment the;:.1 on their beautiful leather costu:.:es they ;.1ore. I would li.tCe to encourage �ore perforillances of these original Indian cere.:onial dances. I wish to thank each oi you for giving �e sup_ort and I pro. ise to do my best to l1elp each and every one of you during . .,y ter,; ns your governor. Honor&ry guests ·ere Colll11 issio.u.er Ed Hinckley and r·,r. L 1· rs. Don C. Gellers, Attorney for t11e Passa1 aq uoddy Tribe! I wis to ti_ .... 11.k Fa 1..'ier Pare 1.. and Father TJe_.!ilin for tn :ing part in the Inau ura.l :-uere onies 9-l1d also, for doing the (injun) far Dance. Sincerely yours Chief John Stevens Indian To �msllip Princeton, 'le. .• .... GLUSICliP 'fh LIAR & OtHER IHDIAi-1 TALES (See page 15 and 16) How curious it is to read this fine book on the Penobscot Indians �hen as a young Indian I never had the opportunity to listen in when the elders talked. Gluskap the Liar l, Other Indian T·1les by Horace P. Beck provides (Continued on Pa&e 4) ", �(4) (C ont inue d the f r o1.1 p a ge r e ad e r with Indian c u l t u r e . of tales o f the st ill b e l ieve d For �oving hist o r y whi c h p o in t s o u t Y o u w i ll Ind i ans t h r o ugh rr . t he so 3) fast a t ha t imacina�y to be wh o are est e d in d e e pe r s t u d y, (T he have f ind the , idst wi ll amuse w10 wai t ing on H t . t h e Indians y o u w i ll in t he c h ar a c t e r Gluskap a n d int e r e s t e d und e r s t anding o f y o u rse l f De c k's b o ok , t h e In d i ans w i ll t h ose f ind you vi t h e n t e r t a ining g r o up · olk l o r e i n ·11 o is tle ir his f r i e nd Kat adh in, Ka t adhin f i l l ing h i s t i p i with a rrowheads t he ir day and aven�e in samp).. ing t h e t his b o ok Mr. int e r e sti.1 fac e t s of o f an the l o r e and t o your li l. ing . wr ongs of tist ory . t h e hwn o r o us s i d e For Be ck has c ompi le d n o t e s t o as�ist Origi � al Ai e r i c an's f av o r i t e f o l l owing le t t e r was se n t Appr opr iat i o ns C ommit t e e b y t h e Ed i t o r to pasttiJte t h e C hai rraan of rvl10 a r e t h o se of you of in t e r ­ in d e e pe r o f s t ory - t e l l ing . the Le gislat ive t h e Ma i n e Ind ian Ne wsl e t t e r. ) D e ar Sir: Ove r the o f Maine . H e al t h and pe o p l e ye ars ·e l fare Maine , It and li t t le t h e stat e it for had to ove r was a n o b l e par t me nt b ut that to It be to has had t h e t he ye ars . ) ge st u r e be ap r o priat e d is my o f t he f e e l i ng t h a t the by appe a rs to of the 102nd L e gisla t u r e t h e Spe c in l Se ssi on . the Ind ians d o n o t t o qe the d one . A t r iµ c onsi d e r to the a D e ar E di t o r, A f t e r r e a d i ng y o u r D e c e mb e r issue I d on't b e l i e ve owne d b y t he Indians , t i o n t ha t I r.1e t Hr..;;. and her sist e r . fac i l i t i e s, and a n d n o t th e we inc l u d e would l ike We w o u l d t his l a d y has ab o u t calle d grant e d and pr ovi d e d t h e F lat s. (Par t s I and II) ind is c r iill i na t e l y b e gun by the w r i t t e n b y ".rs. for t� 103rd Le gis­ 102nd . was int e r ­ the c o r r e s­ I also want r ente d . and I t e n ye ars ag o, live I 'I'here sa :r:au l . by t o we n­ only Ind i an h ouse s t hett w e r e �ere t o se e a l l t h e l ike C e r tain ly, pr o p ose d or iginal b ud ge t y o ung gir ls, wh o f o r, c u l t ur e . t he arti c l e wr it t e n The i r h ou1e was a l l t he Ind ians, their c r e a t e a new d e ­ to be cut of t h e stat e the Ind ian N ewsle t t e r, o�es that we r e I visi t e d h e r aun t ab o u t q u o d d yand Mal ise � t . l ike of Br o oks ,tl e n t i on e d Paul wh e n we was l iving in a r e n t e d h ome. T h is w o u l d to so r e l ying on t h e life t h e H o u l t on Fla ts , Mr . t h ese t r uly yo urs, t h is lady und e rst o o d Jli.l orris Br o oks . to r e se rvat i ons wi l l show y o u t ha t better Ve ry pond e n t , the The Ind ians are pr omise s f o r l e t t e r ab o u t the by C omi11issi one r Hinckl e y whe n h e y o u wi ll the S t at e r e st o f funds we r e in r e a c hing tnis g oal . was )r e sen t e d . fulfill e s t e d i n the wish of t h e De p t . r e s e rva t i ons o f m one y in insu f f i c i e n t by tribute f o r th e isi on r e gard ing t h e Indian b udge t b u t I h ope is much work lat u r e (Th r e e t hat a l l D e pa r t 111e n t a l b u dge ts w e r e Gov e rnor, Ind i ans a s i t t h e re de inst r um e n t al It by the your p r ovi d e d r e s o u r ces t o re d e ve l op t h e i r appe ars t h is was consi d e r e d I h o�e use Even t h e n, h is b udge t . will be t he st a t e . c onsi d e rat i o n i n r e t urn t h e Ind ians . p r ovi d e d w i t h negle c t e d p e op l e a t h e sus t e nanc e has b e en a ve ry meager l965 wh o have given so much "Ind ian T r us t Fund" more Indians have b e en c onsi d e r up unt i l own land was ve ry of the Y o u migh t one and at kne w he r aun t , t ha t o f t.rn h o use s t ha t houdes have on t o see acre also the Ind ad e q uate Fla t s, an s have t iwe sh e had b a t hr o om fac i l i t ies . i•1i c - dac , Passama ­ ple asant we w o r i e s Sin c e r e ly, rlrs . Pa uli e :3ro oks S t e v e ns, Prin c e t on �(5) SUMMER WORK AMONG INDIAl�S BEING SET UP A new program for recruiting elementary teachers for worK among the Amer­ can Indians has been inaugurated with the issuance of a new civil service.exam-· ination 'for these positions The positions are located in the States wfie.re the Indian population is concentrated, principally in AlasKa, .AF�zona} Montana, New Mexico> and North and South DaKota. Fewer schools are in other States: Florida, Iowa; Louisiana: Mississippi, Nevada, North Carolina} OKlahoma and Utah. The costs of travel to their first duty assignment may be paid by the Government for those who are appointed from this examination. Beginning teachers are paid $5,331 a year, and must have a bachelor*s de­ gree including appropriate elementary teacher training or eligibility on the National Teachers Examination. Others with additional experience and/or grad­ uate ed-ucation may qualify for higher level positions paying $6,451 and $7}696 a year. For complete information and instructions ask for Announcement VA-6-08 which you may obtain from Carl Mosher, located at RocKland Post Office, or you may write to the Interagency Board of U. S. Civil Service Examiners for New Mexico} 421 Golden Avenue} S W., Albuquerque} New Mexico} 87101. (From the Cour�er-Gazette, 12/27/66) CHIPPEWAS ON WARPATH, PALEFACES TASTE DUST When is an Indian not an Indian? An Indian is not an Indian when he is a "Wild Indian." Such, at least, is the view of the palefaces who handle advertising for the General Electric Co. It is not the view of the Chippewa Indian Tribe of Red LaKe, Minn. So the Chippewas hit the warpath, via Western Union, and Whaddaya know? For a change, it was the palefaces who bit the dust. It all began with a new ad for General Electric photo flashbulbs, headed: "When you decide to shoot wild Indians} you can*t afford to miss." The ad was built around a snapshot of some youngsters dresaed as Indians. As paleface parents know, "Wild Indians" is a more or less affectionate term for lively children. To the 4,800 Red Lake Chippewas, however, an Indian is an Indian and the term "Wild Indian" is a snide reminder of the bad old days. Accordingly, Roger Jourdain, who is chairman of the Tribal Council, weighed in with an indignant telegram to GE, saying) among other things: "You should be able to sell your product without resorting to this type of advertising." Shocked to the core at the thought of arousing the Red Man's long dormant hostility to the paleface} GE swiftly dispatched an emissary from its Cleveland office to offer the pipe of peace. "Wild Indians" in GE's context, the representative assured Jourdain, is a term of endearment. Jourdain declined to smoke the pipe. "It wasn't too endearing to us," he declared. "We're trying to coexist, and we take exception to this advertisement." James C. Forbes, GE marKeting manager, conceded. that the Chippewas might have a point. Plumping for conciliation, he announced: "We certainly had no intention of being derogatory to Indians. But we have canceled plans for any future use of this ad." (From the Portland Evening Express, 1/14/67) _ · �(6) INDIAN FAMILY IN FIT'ST REAL HOME THANKS TO GOVERNMENT PROORAM An Indian family of eight on the Rosebud Reservation in South Dakota re­ ceived a nice present from the federal government-it's first' houRe. Prior to that, Mr. and Mrs. Eugene Sharpfish and their six children, aged four months through seven, lived in an abandoned car, a trailer and a tent. They' ·d still be living in the tent, but it burned down. Four federal agencies have put up a total of �pl 7 million to build the Sharpfish house and 374 others on the Rosebud Sioux Reservation. The Sharpfish house is the first. It has a l iving room, Kitchen-dining room combination, two bedrooms and a bath. That's not much for a family of eight, but it's a lot better than an a­ bandoned car, a trailer or a tent. The house was prefabricated and assembled by fellow Sioux tribesmen under sKilled supervision. It was furnished with surplus furniture taKen from a Bureau of Indian Affairs school no longer in operation. The prefab unit was developed by the Batelle Memorial Institute of Columbus, Ohio, a non-profit corporation. It contains 620 square feet of living space and costs $3000. As the Sharpfish family's income grows, its house can be improved and ex­ panded. It has a stove and is designed sc that electricity and running water can be installed later. The Sharpfish family will pay $10 down and $5 month rent for the next five years. Components for the house were produced in a factory set up on the Reserva­ tion and staffed with 20 Indians, who are learning carpentry, plumbing, glazing, roofing and electrical wiring. After all 375 houses have been produced, the plant will try to supply the surrounding area with prefab homes and components. Here's a rundown on what each of the four federal agencies is supplying for the project: -The Department of Housing and Urban Development is providing the basic construction materials at a cost of $610,000. -The Office of Economic Opportunity is paying $642,000 for training and labor -The Public Health Service is providing water and sewage lines at a cost of $367,000. (From the Portland Sunday Telegram, 1/15/67) NEW ENGLAND VIGNETTES ( CHIEF'S LAST STAND ) Chief Black HawK of the Golden Hill Tribe of Pequot Indi9ns once made a pretty good living attacking wagon trains. That was 50 years ago when he was a member of Buffalo Bill Cody's Wild West Show that barnstormed the nation featuring a mocH: Indian attack as part of its daily fare. Now the chief, also Known as Edward L. Sherman, 78, is retired to his quar­ ter-acre reservatipn in Trumbull, Conn. , and only occasionally breaks out his tribal headgear and peacepipe-never a war bonnet. He does watch the enactment of Indian.wars· on television even though he says "none of it is true " Sherman's reservation is believed to be one of the smallest in tbe world. It used to be 18 acres, but over the years the land was sold. Connecticut owns the land and takes care of major repairs on the house while Sherman handles the day-to-day upkeep. He pays no taxes. ( Continued on Page 7) �(7) NEW El'U LAND VIGNETTES .... (Continued from Page 6) The state welfare department says it does not Know how many members of the Golden Hill 'I1ribe remain, but only Sherman and wife live in their 125-year-old house on the reservation. Sherman can remember the days when he and his father could roam their acres and nearby fields and woods to hunt raccoon, �eer and sKUnK. 11S1rnnK>" he recalls, "now there's something good. If you Know how to dress it, it tastes liKe chicKen or better." (From the Portland Evening Express, 1/3/67) INDIAN FAMILIES ENJOY THEIR FINEST CHRISTMAS The 32 Indian families of this Upper Michigan Reservation enjoyed the best Christmas they've ever had. The families received hundreds of' presents, so many gifts, in fact, that they shared them with others in Upper Michigan. The food, clothing and toys poured into the tiny village by plane, truck and car. They replaced an earlier donation destroyed in a fire at a mission church Wednesday. The man whose concern for an Indian girl sparked the outpouring of goodwill returned to the reservation Saturday Harry Mitchell,48, a Port Huron telephone worker, arrived aboard a cargo plane carrying two tons of gifts for the 325 Chippewas on the reservation. The military transport flew from Selfridge Air Force Base near Detroit. Last month, while deer hunting, Mitchell came upon a little Indian girl standing barefooted in the snow in 12-degree ·leather. He told some of the tele­ phone company workers, who launched the first drive. Word of the fire spread rapidly, setting off the second drive to gather goods for the Indian families. By Saturday, some 7,000 pounds of gifts had been sent by people in Minne­ apolis; Muskegon, Mich. , and the Detroit area. More gifts were promised from Buffalo, Ky; Tipton, Ind. , and Neenah, Wis. Cash donations were also being sent to help rebuild the burned church. "Everyone has been wonderful," said Roy Cavanagh, president of the Bay Mills Indian Council. "I want to thank everyone for everything that's been done. " (From the Portland Press Herald, 12/27/66) INDIANS HANDLE SUDDEN WEALTH WITH CARE Their land lies hard by the shores of CooK Inlet and for countless decades the Tyonek people have waged unceasing war against hunger and hardship. Only 11 years ago, after a disastrous fishing season, thei chief appealed to the people of Anchorage, 50 miles east of here, for clothing and for food. "Our people do not want to accept charity," said Simeon ChicKalusion, the last hereditary chief. "They would much prefer to work, but there is no choice. Food is needed now." Today, the TyoneKs; only 265 strong, are one of' the richest of American In­ dian Tribes. Petroleu� companies, encouraged by substantial oil and gas discoveries on the Kenai Penirnmla and under the waters of CooK Inlet, two years ago paid the TyoneKs $11 9 million for drilling rights on 27,000 acres of Tyonek land. The Tyoneks �ere not dazzled by such a windfall. On the contrary, they have exhibited an amazing cpnservatism in hancUing their funds. (Continued on Page 8) �(8) INDIANS HANDLE SUDDEN WEALTH WITH CARE (Continued from Page 7) Their efforts have centered on im�roving their standard of living and in­ suring the financial security of tribal members, through tight control of the oil money they have received. Theirs has been a story of rapid progress, tinged with boGh humor and tragedy. After they accepted the $11.9 million, they were besieged by promoters and salesmen. Finally, their young elected chief, Alberts. Kaloa Jr., placed an advertisement in Anchorage newspapers, addressed to salesmen in general. "Don't call us. We'll call you. The scalp you save may be your own." Kaloa lost his life last Sept. 12 in an Anchorage hotel fire which claimed the lives of 13 other persons. His passing cast a pall over every member of the tribe. 11Kaloa was young, smart, with a tremendous amount of common sense," said Stanley J. Mccutcheon, the tribe*s attorney. The Tyoneks probably felt a keener sense of loss than if the death had taKen place in their own family. Besides the original payment, the TyoneK leases bring in an annual rental fee of $1.25 an acre and a 16 2/3 per cent royalty on all oil and natural gas prc�duction. The Indians also get free natural gas from wells drilled on the reservation One of the first acts of the Village Council, after the lease sale, was to pay of.f a ti·31,434 mortgage on the village store. Reconstruction of the village community hall came next. Then the council approved a 10-point program, including improvements to village roads, extension and expansion of the air strip, and health and welfare projects. The Tyoneks established a $200,000 trust fund to insure that Tyonek youngsters will always have the means to pursue an education. The village also adopted what it chose to call a family improvement plan, in which families are entitled to a base amount, plus $5,000 per person, to a maximum of $40,000 per family. Payments under the new plan have been rigidly controlled by the Village Council. No funds can be paid out until each family, regardless of its resi­ dence, whether in Tyonek or elsewhere, develops a sound plan for use of the money and it is approved by the Village Council. This year, the TyoneKs set up a $50,000 scholarship loan fund which will enable any Alaskan of native blood to take post-graduate col1ege worK. The past two years have seen completion of 59 pew homes at TyoneK, one for every family living here, and an eight-room guest house, at a total cost of $1.5 million. All homes are equipped with the most modern electrical appliances. For some 50 Tyoneks living in Anchorage, the Village Council constructed new homes at a total cost of some $500,000. The Village Council encouraged the buildi�g of duplexes and triplexes, to provide their fellow tribesmen with a continuing source of income as well as new housing. An investment program has given the TyoneKs controlling interest in an Anchorage-area utilities firm, complete ownership of a radio-television store in Anchorage and part ownership of an Anchorage firm dealing in the title a�d trust business. They also own a small commercial building in Anchorage and another building now under long-term lease to a nationwide business machine company. But the jewel in their investment program is a new $1 million office building in downtown Anchorage. It is known as the Albert S. Kaloa Jr. Memorial . Building, and is leased to the U. S. Bureau of Indian Affairs at $108,000 a year. "The Village Council has stacks of contemplated ventures under considera­ tion," Mccutcheon says, "but it is interested only in blue chip investments." The Tyoneks approved construction of �e Kaloa building prior to his death, on ground given to them by an Anchorage resident for that purpose. (Continued on Page 9) �(9) ( Continued from Page 8) "We have budgeted the money received from the oil and gas leases cc:.refully in order to provide for the future education of our children and to provide for housing for our people at Tyonek, " Kaloa wrote in the village Newsletter. "The balance of the money we must invest to make our program self-sustaining. Otherwise, our funds will be exhausted and our people will ultimately be reduced to that degree of poverty, hardship and suffering experienced over centuries." At Tyonek itself, the Bureau of Indian Affairs has completed a four-classroom school, with a paved outdoor play area and a gymnasium-auditorium, at a cost of $737, 000 Electricity for the village is supplied by a generator powered by free na­ tural gas from the one gas well drilled on the reservation. Another generator is en route to the village and arrangements have been made to sell the excess power to oil companies operating on the west side of Cool<: Inlet. Three other wells, drilled on the reservation, were dry, but oil exploration around the reservation continues and the Tyoneks have earmarKed, by resolution, any future royalties. The resolution specifies that if oil is found on the reservation� every other native in AlasKa will have the same opportunities which the bonus money gave the Tyoneks before they will spend one cent of the royalty money on themselves. Mccutcheon said the Tyoneks are extremely sensitive on this point; putting it this way: "It's pretty damned shocking to see the disease and actual starvation which occurs in some of Alaska's native villages. It's an old, old story: as the TyoneKs Know from bitter experience. They want to help. (From the Portland Sunday Telegram, l/ l/67) · PEOPLE Tecumseh Deerfoot Cook, chief of the PamunKey Indians of Virginia, drove up to the Seate House in Richmond last week and dragged a nine-point buck from the trunk of the 1967 Chevy. He was delivering his tribe's Thanksgiving tribute in lieu of taxes to Governor Mills E. Godwin Jr. When Deerfoot thumped out a for­ mal PamunKey hello on a tom-tom, Governor Godwin asked him to perform a tribal dance. Deerfoot declined. He explained that he had a sore foot. (From Sports :.P.lustrated, 12/66) MAINE COMMISSIONER SAYS INDIANS FACE SCALPING UNDER CURTIS BULDET The Maine Commissioner of Indian Affairs protested Friday that Indians in the State will get scalped if the budget as presented by Gov. Kenneth M. Curtis is approved by the legislature. Edward C. HincKley charged the Democratic chief executive "apparently no longer feels that any different approach or direction of programs involving In­ dians is necessary." He charged the budget as set forth by Curtis Thursday represented "a com­ plete turnabout" in the State's approach t o Indian affairs and said, "it gives us just a whisKer more than what we already have." The Department of Indian Affairs is new to the state and was the first such state-level department of its Kind in the nation. It came into being last Janu­ ary under_the 102nd Legislature following about 10-15 years of growing concern for the lot of the state's oldest citizens. Information reaching the Department in the first year of its existence indi­ cated Indian tribes in States across the nation are watching closely the develop­ ment and �rogress of Maine's unique social experiment. (Continued on Page 10) �(10) INDIANS FACE SCALPDG UNDER CURTIS (Continued from Page 9) EUCGET HincK}ey said the legislature has a clear cut choice. "It can say we have changed our minds about programs involvJng Iniiians and hence will not provide any funds to the Department, or it can say we realize that putting Maine's Indian affairs on a new trail will take an intial investment of the State's monies at a slightly higher level than had been true in the past," he said. Hinckley asked for $750,000 for the next biennium in current services and supplemental funds. This was slashed by about $243,000. He said the current yearly Indian affairs budget excluding capital improve­ ments is about $240,000 He requested a yearly gudget, excluding capital improve­ me.nts of about $300 a year for each reservation resident. Hinckley said the Department was created in response to a growing mutual concern among Indians and non-Indians aliKe. The State possesses two major tribes, the Passamaquoddy and Penobscot. Hincley said he came to Maine "to take charge of the mandate from the 102nd legislature and implement a creative approach to the problem. ' He said the department obtained emergency supplemental appropriations from the special session of the 102nd legislature which "literally Kept it (the de­ partment) from dying four months after it was born." "Right now this supplement is enabling the department to continue only the former level and type of services to Indians with practically no change or inno­ vations and certainly no expansion. " "It was supposed to be a time for change," he said' adding, "the governor was supposed to have an action plan." According to the Commissioner, about $70,000 in state funds was spent over the past 10 years for construction programs with no federal cost-sharing involved. "In considerable contrast, we are asl{ing the legislature for some $500,000 for the next two years which we expect to be able to match with an equivalent a­ mount of federal funds," he said. Hinckley said the "major problems facing Indians in the state are the results of a series of unfulfilled commitments from the past. " "Maine has never fulfilled its cotIUnitment to its Indians," he said. Some 2,000 Indians live in Maine, 1,200 on three reservations, and about 800 off the reservations. The commissioner said without constructive and cooperative worK to solve the problems of the first Americans, "what chance do we have to satisfy the needs of any of our citizens?" "The presence of these tribal tnembers·within the state should be a source of pride and honor to all ci.tizens. of Maine, instead of a source of confusion, em­ barrassment, shame and constant hostility," he said. When informed of Hincldey' s displeasure, Curtis said, "I felt that I could not endorse his request by 100 per cent. " "My budget does call for improvements for Indians living in Maine in addi­ tion to programs suggested by the Commissioner," he said. "Among those I recommended for Indians were improved educational programs for Indian children)" Curtis said. "We cannot go beyond our fiscal limits," the governor said. (From the Portland Pre!Ss Herald, 1/14/6�() �(11) E LEC T TRIBAL PENOBSCOTS OLD T O�N - inaugurat e d J o h n �ur ray Mi t che l l t r ibal gove rno r of the of GOVERI"OR Oak Rill Str e e t, P e n obsco t tribe c onduc t e d by T he R e v e r e nd R e al Nad e au of Saint was h e ld t r ibal in t h e T r ibal Hall. M i t c h e l l was e l e ct e d gove r n o r i t w il l be c ommi t t e e s , and A ls o J ohn S. to his the off ice du t y t o -l e ad h i s pe o ple acc o r dance s t at e with Wit h the b y p opul a r vo t e in a l l affairs . r e p r e se nt a t iv e . e xce p t i on of nine He y e ars spe n t o n I n d i an Island . fe e ls t ha t on Indian h is pe ople his He in t he t rave l s w h il e t o i mp r ove s i d e rat i on . 6d He calle d f i r s t r ive r wat e rs ar e t h e wint e r, the of '{1-;i t ch e ll t he t r ib e . e nab le out li.·e d several a ska t ing r ink c ould be is no p lace a cent e r Mi t ch e ll a l s o p r o p ose d se t t ing up in Mit che l l 10, h im t o and i s vie w c o n ­ , r or;-ra .. 1s for c o n­ fo r Re sugg e �t - in t he t h e m t o sw im . of ac t iv i t y . t ribal a and y e ars i s anx i o us t o u o r k w i t h y oungst e r s e n t e r t ainlile n t there two and 16 all f o r a b e t t e r y o u t h pr ograM. p o i lu t e d, As var ious go v e rn o r, eve ry ages se rvice ceremony, c l e rks, Arwe d F o r c e s, i n a new pe r spe ct i v e a n d he t h e i r si t ua t i on . tha t a swiraming p o o l w o u l d pr ov i d e As t h e held has t w o sons, in JRlRnd was T he succe e ds Fran c is -Ranco. He Island In h is inaugL>.ral a d d r e ss, of li e u t e nant Ele c t i o ns a r e e mpl o y e d a t Tuck e r's Sh o e Cowpany a t B r e w e r . d i t i ons 1. t o ap · o i n t a c o ns t a b l e , t r ibal law . has always live d In�ian o"-.an C a t h olic C hurr.h J o seph 1 s e le ct e d as l e a d e rs we r e F r e d N i colar, Ne ls on, on J an . o ffice whe r e suwu1e r . In r e c o r d s and s t a t i s t ics c o u l d b e k e p t in o r d e r, and f r e e f o r i nsfe ct i on. He s t at e d h is int e n t i on of car r ying _on t h e - re j e c t of bringing wat e r and s e wac,e d i sposal t o h o .e s wh ich d o n o t have t h e m . In conclusi on, h e calLe d upon h is le ople t o w o rk t oge t h e r wi t h t h e ne wly cr e at e d Ind ian Affa i r s D e par t Lle n t . Mi t ch e ll r e �inde d th e cl tha t t h e y had w o rk e d f o r a l o ng t irue .t he m t o c o op e r a t e P e nobsc o t T r i b e . t o have thei r t hei r in i n i t i a t i n g n e w p r o grams C LOSING OF THE own d e pa r t ment . t h a t w ould b e ne f i t · He urge d t h e . whole I�D IAN SC H OOLS by Kat h e r i ne h . E . Fr e d r icks T h e S t a t e Boar d o f E duca t i on rue e t i11 g on Jamary 1 6 t h , was inf or _;_ed b y C ommiss i oner �il l i am T . L o gan Jr., " of a comfilunica t i on rece ive d b y nim _ August 30, 19�6 f r ou1 D avi d S . S e e l e y, Assis t an t C omw.issi one r , Equal O_: o r t un­ i t i e s P r o gra�, Maine be as n e a r ruore with t h?- t Since the t hr e e sch ools t h e chi l d r e n b e t e r ;:a as r· ossi b l e . t J1e Sis t er s t han one the s t a t ing t h a t c l o s e d and hundr e d ye of Me rcy have r s, Mr . b e en to the to learn it if 1Ji s e it T h e B oa r d me e t i n g was n o t c l ose d qu i e t the i nf o rmal mee t in g .. e l d t-..1. l k b e t w e e n Mr . g o vern ors, many m e mb e rs 19>b-67 tb to Logan and of and t he t be T r ib e s, (C ontinued with the up t �e no t rims a t t e n d e d by a.fu l l comp l i1ue n t 12) confer�nce its G ov e r n o r s o f wa"' of t h e a f e w i nt e re st e d pe rsons, on page � o n t �e Re s e r va t i ons . pr e ss p i c�e d but or sch o ols f o r hold on Thursday afte r n o on t he niocese , re pre�e n t a t ive f r o � G ove rnor Curtis, and one Re p r e se n t a t i ve . ..ie s h o o l year ·ro u ld c o n t inue Ind ians and r e tain t h e Sist e rs Af t e r r e ce iving his answe r Mr . Logan w ould t h e n m e e t the R e se r va t i ons a n d e xplai n t h e Was�ing t o n o r d e r . T .. 1e r e f o r e , I n d i�n Res e r va t ions irr tbe t e .:tch e rs at Logan d e e �e d Maine Ro�an C a t h olic d i oceBe o t h e r obl i ga t i ons on t h e r e assi�n e d f o r st o�y . j us t the a I n d i an Cl e rBy, a one S e nato r, �( 12 ) Conti nued from page 1 1 ) C LOS I .t . G OF T I IfD " hi\J -3 C H O C LS b y Katherine } 1 . E ..., reJ.r icks . Mr . Lognn read and explained the ruling fro1u Se.� ley , s 2 •/ illG 1;.e had repl ied on S epteu!ber 7 , 196 6 , but had received no furtl er comruunication fro� Washington . Ho·.�ever , at u. meeting of th e C 0111r1iss ioner s froil1 all states, held last fall in New Orle ans, he had asked Mr. Seeley to send a represent ­ ative from his depc rtill e nt to Naine to vi s it the Indinn schools nnd becocle familiar w ith all pha ses of their oper�tion, but to no �vail. In fact, Seeley, in his A u gu s t letter, had c lr e ady stated th�t h is st�ff wRs too b u s y to cowe to kaine. The Baine diocese gave � b s o l ute ass u runce of coatinuing tLeir 0 0 li gation to th e I n d i an s , and t h en the meeting really o · ened up. i · r s . Catherine c � rs­ well, Re... resen tative froul Fortland, said she ; c.;.d , 1 e;.:tr c1 of the iueeting i ·urely b y c h n n ce and criticised l'ir . Log.:.1.11 for his failure to notify botJ) houses of t h 0 Nn s h i n g t on · r u l i n g and th e weeting . Mr. Logan, .!hile repeatedly syrnpi.1 thizing •ii th th e I ndi .::. ns, rei ter....ted th2t he held o u t no ho�e the ruling might be set aside . Neither d i d M � . h i nckley, Indian Commi �sioner . S evero.l enlightening thi n gs came out at th is 11e -·ting. Fil'st : David S eeley ' 1:;; letter had inaccuracies . " On l y Indic-i.n ch ildr en w·v ho live To ti t : on the Rese rvations 2.tte11 d these schools. 1 1 (At Plo .:i.sant l'oi it 20 per cent of the 84 _pupils are non - Indian . The other t·-vo sc hools have d. fal.:1ller per­ cen ta ee of wh ite children but nevertheless are not segregated . ) ' ' The children who attend the Indian s c h o o l s receive an education w h ich is inferior . 1 1 ( Th is i s not true . \·1 a.s tran sferred . i ;en Indian . &in<:�ation froi.i H ealth and vVelfare to E d u c a ti on , the schools were s up D l i e d I i t h exactly the same t e x t b o oks used in all D Ublic schoo l s in the st · te . 11 J followed the sa�e curriculum . And all t e a c h e r s there � are�certi r ied ) "There h as b e e n ap;'arently lit tle or no exercise of t{Je f r e e choice available in grade of L ered b y the Reservation schools . ' ' ( A g�i n th i3 i s un ­ true. lv b i te children are pre s e n t l f at t e11 din g tl ese s c h o o l s and many Indian ch ildre n go to off-Reservation schools . Much testifilony 11as �iven that full freedom of choice h a d b e n in rract i a e for wany years . ) S ince last A u g ust 30th, t h e r e has b e e n no official correction to theee e rr on e o u s s t a l, e i 11e n t s . Mr . Logan gave as an e. cuse that t h e r e w e r e several ...: 1 1 1' ' .t· e e d ow of C h o i c e " c a s e s p e n d i n g in courts und he ho} ed the decisions would be favorable. They were not . Another im1)ortant :i? O int lies in the fact that for a . :· e riod of four ci.nd a half mon t lls, Hr . Logan failed to u- i n g tJi is ruling to tl e at teution of other authoriti es, to th e I udi cns theLlselves, or to the Maine citizens. It was .Mr. John Nelson, not Mr. Lo gan , who got in touch 1 J ith S enators S ith and Muskie after the ne ws1 apers carri ed the stor y . Th e Indi !ns b ad to learn about t he ruling from th e saL1e source as llr . Nelson, even thou. �h they vrnuld b e t h e ones hurt by it. Th e State of Maine has a sound fi ghtin g �oi nt in th is for t h � re &re s e v e r a l Reservation · s c h o o l s in tl1e W e s t wl1i c lJ are coiJ�Jlet �ly s e reg ... ted by the sanction of the FederRl Gov ern1.1ent . A s S enator Norris stated, "This �s a p r o b l em for everyone in th e state and certa i n l y for t h e L e �i s l& t ur e . It is not a i)roblei;1 to b e con f in ed to one departLtent . " In rep ly to several exai11ples of v\Ta s h i n gton r u l i u gs in the So uthern states, on wh ich hr . Logan based his lack of hope ? � r d . C a r s well in s i s t e d t ha t fii a ine shou ld work for the gr e a t e s t good o f a l l � J i t hin her bo.rders, no matter what happened in ot her a r eas ( Continued on page 1 9 ) .. . ... �( 13 ) ( Indian S c h o ols , C o n t ' d f r om Pa ge 2 ) t r at iv e D i s t r i c t i n t he a r e a b y E a s tport and s ome t owns . 1 1 •r t P- Y a r. J <=> ;:'I s t­ had a chan c e t o v o t e We w e r e n e t s o p r iv il e g e d t he n and s b_ J J_ have n o s a y in t he mat t e r o f w h a t w e a r e t o b e t aught , w h o b y , h ow , o r wh e r e , " he de c lare d . H e said h e a l s o i n t e r pr e t e d t h e S t a t e B o ard o f Ed u c a t i o n t o mean t ha t t h e nuns w e r e n o t d o ing t h e j ob c o rre c t ly - 1 1 s o le t t h e s t a t e d o i t . " N i c h o las s a i d ' ' t h i s w e d o n o t like or a c c e p t . The s i s t e r s hav e b e e n h e r e s in c e 1830 and at t h at t ime t he Ind ian c ou l d n o t s p e ak En g J i s h . Now w e are ab l e t o . " T h e l e ade r a l s o t o ok i s s ue t hat t h e r e s e rv a t i on s c h oo ls we r e d i s ­ c r i minat o r y . ·o d e h a v e h a d o t h e r t han " Ours is a pub l i c s c h o o l , w i d e ope n . Indians make app l i c a t i on and at t e n d the s c h o o l h e r e . No appl i c a t i o n has b e e n turne d d own . " Jos e ph Mit c h e l l , t r i b a l gove rnor at Ple&sant F o i n t , f e l t t he I nd ian was b e ing d i s c r imina t e d agains t by f o r c ing t h e c hi ldren o f f t �1 e r e s e rv a t i on and he a d d e d t h a t t he mov e , i f c arr i e d t hr ough b y t h e s ta t e , w ou l d c aus e c ons ide rab l e h�r d s h i p t o t h e f am i l i e s b e c au s e o f t h e � o s s i b l e f e e l i n g o f " n o t b e ing w ant e d " i n t he white s c h o o l s ys t e m " t he p e o p l e f e e l t h e y are b e ing pus he d into another s o c i e t y and the y d o n ' t c are to i n t e gr Q t e , " he s ai d . John S t e v e n s , t r ib a l gov e rn o r at Pe t e r Dana Point , Pr i n c e t o n , s a i d "we are r e ad y t o f i gh t . I f t h e nuns are f orc e d t o le .s:. v e , I wouldn ' t wan t t o live here T h e r e are g o o d pe ople h e r e t h a t are h o l d i n g on b e c ause o f t h e ir exaL1p le . " As a prac t i c a l mat t e r , t h e Ind ians are c aught in a s i t ua t i on whi c h was none o f t he ir d o i ng . I t s t e ms f rom s c ho o l i n t e grat i on _;_: r o b lems in t h e S ou t h . Pr e v i o us ly , Maine Indian c h i ld r e n hav e h a d l i f r e e d om o f c h oi c e " , me aining t h e y c o uld a t t e n d r e s e rv a t ion s c h o ols o r pub l i c s c h o o ls . Nq w , t he U . S . O f f i c e o f E d uc a t i on says t � is is n o t a c c � p t ab l� . Maine E du c at i on C or.miis s i one r liJi l l iam T . Lo gan , Jr . has f o und hims e l f i n a b ind o v e r t h e ma t t e r b e cause the f e d e ra l gove rn�e n t c o uld wi th h o l d f u n d s unt i l t h e s t a t e c ompli e s w i t h t h e la w . One p o s s ib l e s o lut i o n might be making t h e s c h o o ls o v e r in t o pri v a t e par o c h i� l ins t i t u t i ons . A l t h o ugh the y are run b y t h e S i s t e r s o f Ne r c y , th e y are n o t P. r o� h i_a J s � h o o ls a t pre s e n t . • • • • • • • • • · GOV . C URT IS PLED G BS S U P _ ORT FOR nrn r11.11s In the I na u gural A d d r e s s o f Mai ne Gove r n o r , Ke n n e t h i· i . C u r t i s t o t h e 103rd Le g i s l a t ure o n January 5 , 1967 , G o v . C ur t i s gav e h i s s up p o r t t o th e Maine I n d ic n s . He s t at e d , " We m u s t a l s o pr o v i d e f or e xpan d e d i:) r o f e ss ­ i onal s e r1 r± c e s and s up ·._ .o r t f o r s e l f -0·ove rnrne n t f or I n d ians on r e 9 e 1· va t i ons . I f ur t h e r r e c omm e nd tha� Indian r e pr e s e n t ::i. t i v e s t o t he Le t' i s l a t ur e b e gr an t ­ e d f u l l pr iv i l e g e s to spe ak on all l e gi s la t i on on the f l n r o f t h e H o us e , and t h a.t t h e y b e gra n t: e <l Ra l a r y a n d P xpe n .c:i e ci 1 I "w.":l l l c e s e qual t o t h a t o f o t h e r repre s e n t ,,. t iv e s . " IND IAN IS LAI·iD S vJ I1·i. n�-G POOL I A r e pr e s e n t a t iv e · o f t he Pe n o b s c o t Ind i an T r i b e w i l l b e name d t o a c om m i t t e e t o ad m i n i s t e r a p r o po s e d in- d o or , out - d o or s w j rnm i n g p o o l t o b e b u i J. t i n Oln i'cnvn , t h P. BE ng_c_>_r _ D.a iJ v News A n n o n n c e d o n D e c e illb e r 30 t h . ... �( 14 ) T he Or i ginal Arae r i c ans CJ.iITROKKB.S FROVE H : D IANS C lui ShED , J 1 . I'r E , d: 11HA CIS11 ( Las t o f t h re e ar t i c le s ) By JAC1( V . FOX Uni t e d Pre s d I n t e r na t i o n s l T u cke d awRy in t h e Appa la c h ian Moun t ains o f No r t 1 C & ro L ina n e a r t h e T e nn e s s e e l ine l i e s a C he r oke e r e s e r v a t i on w h i c h a s t h e d i s t inc t i on o f b e ­ i n g one o f t h e rare example s of t h e A �e r i c nn In diun t hr owing o f f t h e w h i t e man ' s pa t � r na l i s m . Among t h e 1 0 r e t han 600 , 000 Ind ian s s c a t t e r e d . -.. c r o s s t he Un i t e d S t a t e s t h e C h e r oke e s n e a r S moky I· oun ta.in Na t i onal Park hav e e r t e d t h e u1o s t s e lf ­ s u f f i c i e n t I n dian. � 01UL1un i t y in t h e na t i on by c a s h ing i n on t he c ur i o s i t y a b ou t t h e r e d man . E a c h su1nme r s i n c e 1 9 50 t h e y have e nac t e d an out d o or y>age c. n t , 1 1 Un t o T h e s e R i l l s , ' ' w h i c h t e ll s t h e h i s t o ry o f t h e C h e r oke e . T 1 ose livin� the� e s t i l l are d e s c e n d an t s o f r e ne ga d e s who h id f r om f e d e ral t r o ops when t h e Uni t e d S t a t e s f c r e e d t h e C h e r oke e t r i b e in 1 0 3 8 'on a L.!e. r c h a l l t he w a y t o Ok lah oma . Ha l f o f t hem d ie d . The dra1ila b r o ught t o ur i s t s in e v e r 0r o .vin g n umb e r s and t o day t h e r e are 3 5 mo t e ls o n t he r e s e rv a t i on , t hr e e quar t e r s o f t h e m own e d b y t he C h e r oke e pe ople ·.and 7 5 p e r c e n t o f t h e e mp l oye e s Ch1e r oke e� . T h e Indians ab out 10 ye ars a go a l s o s t ar t e d a f c t o ry :1! • i c h ake s t om- t oms , he ad d r e s s e s , b as re t s a n d o t h e r Indian re ga l i a . T h e i r ur oduc t s a r e n ow marke t e d n a t i o nwide a n d s e v � ra l o t h e r f a c t ori e s have b e e n s tart e d b y t he t r ib al c o un c i l . The N o r t h C a r o lina C h e r oke e s u c c e s s is n o t �b l a b e c au s e it is v i r ­ t ua l l y t h e on l y s u c h e xample o f a t r i b e r i s in g f r ofil t h e poli c y of f e de r a l pa t e rn a lism whi c h in t h e ma in h a s l e f t the In dian a h e lple s s a n d n e ar h ope le s s d r � g o f s o c ie t y . T h e r e are s i gns t h e gov e rnrJe n t iJe.. y b e t ci{ing a n e w c our se . R ob e r t L . B e nn e t t , a 5 4 - y e ar - o ld On e ida Indicm f r ow �/ i s c ons in , r e ­ c e n t ly w a s name d . t o h e &d t he B ur e a u o f Indi�n A f fair b , �£ 1 i c h i s t h e main f e d e ra l a�· e n c y d e a l i n g wi th In dian r o b � lms . B e n n e t t i s t h e f i r s t I n d ian to hold the p o s t i n 95 ye ar s . �h i t e men h · ve b e e n in cha r ge s i n c e 1871 �.r h e n F' .i i F . Parke r , an ap r o in t e e o f pr e s i d e n t Ulys s e s s S . Gre.n t , re t i re d . T h e B I A finan c e s and s t a f f s 260 s c h oo l s f or s ome 58 , 000 Indian c h i l d ­ r e n o n t h e r e s e r va t i ons , t h e gre a t fila j or i t y o f t h e m e lemen t a r y s c ho o ls . It has b e e n o n e o f t h e f e w s o lid ac c ompl i s hme n t s of f e d e r a l � o l i c y b u t e v e n i t h a s h a d t he t ragi c e f fe c t o f b r eaking u p I n dian fawi l i e s and c r e a t in g in the young pe ople a s e n s e of s hame ab out t h e ir par e n t s a nd t h� way t he y l i v e . B e nne t t s p e aks w i t h e n t h� s i asm o f t he e f f o r t s v a r i o u s t r ib e s ar e now making wi t h t h e h e lp o f B IA and t h e O f fi c e o f E c on omic Oppo r t un i t y t o The y a r e p i t i fu lly f e w , b ut t h e y a t t ra c t i n d us t ry t o re s e rv a t i ons a r e as . are a s ta r t . N e x t t o emp l o yme n t, h ou s i n g i s t he brea t e s t I n d i an prob lem an d on R e s e r va t i on I n dians own t he i r land and mos t r e s e rv a t i on s it i s wre t c h e d . t h e y pay no t ax e s b u t t h e r e is a l s o t he fa c t the y c ann o t s e ll t he land . F o r t ha t r e a s on t h e y cann o t ge t mor t 2ag e s or loans f o r impr o ve file nt b e c au s e t h e l aw pre v e n t s b a n ks and o t h e r l e n d i n g age n c i e s f r om f or e c l o s in g . ( C on t i nu e d on Pa ge 15 ) = �( 15 ) ( T h e Or i ginal Ame r i c an s c o n t in u e d f r om Page 14 ) . I n Oklahoma , a s t at e wi t h one o f t he lar ge s t I n d i an � o � u lat i ons numb e r ­ i n g we ll o f 60 , 00 0 , t he re s e r va t i on c on c e }t was lar ge ly d i s c arde d ye ars a go . Ab o u t 90 pe r c e n t o f the Ind ian c hi ld r e n go t o pub l i c s c h o o ls b u t t h e d r op­ o u t rate in high s c h o ol i s t hr e e to f ou r t ime s h i gh e r than that o f the non­ Ind ian . r r An S ays C har l e s P o e h lman , d ire c t o r o f Indian e du c at i on in Ne vada : Ind ian c hi ld h o lds b ack in c la s s r o om d i s c u s s i o n d i s c us s i on b e c au s e he w o u l d n e v e r answ e r a q ue s t i on unl� s s h e �n e � h� �as : �i �h € . � On . t h e o t h e r hand , h e w o u ld n e v e r answe r a que s t ion t ha t o n e o f h i s f r f ends h a d mi s s e d . 1 1 Nor t h and S o u t h D ak o t a and Ne b raska have an In dian Dopu l a t i on o f ab o u t 65 , QOO , mo s t ly S i oux . O f t he 4 5 milli on s c o r e s o f range land on t h e r e s e r ­ v a t i o n s , m o r e t han one third i s b e i ng w o rke d b y uh i t e r an c h e r s w h o l e a s e i t t hr o u gh t h e B IA w i th t he i n c ome going t o t h e t r i b a l c o un c i l s . V e rnon Ashle y , a f u l l - b l o o d S i o ux who gr e w up on t h e C r ow C r e e k R e s e r ­ vat i on , � is b i t t e r ly c r i t i c a l o f t h e B IA and i t s f a i lure t o t rain I n d i ans in d oi n g t h e i r own farming and ra n c h in g . In t he s t a t e o f Was h in gt on , s a l e s o f timb e r , min i n g c laims and farm land hav e mad e s ome I ndian s r i c h . The 5 , 000 Yakimas are s t i l l gr e a t I ndi an s . T h e y run c a t t l e , s h e e p and h o r s e s , hav e i r r i ga t i on f o r t h e i r farms a n d ap!lle o r c hards , h u n t and f i s h f or t h e ir ne e ds year round in t h e area of M o un t Adams . The N u c ke ls h o o t s , on t he o t h e r ha nd , live a f e w m i l e s s o u t h o f S e a t t �e on land s o p o o r t he y have a hard t i we growing p o t a t o e s . T h e y f i s h f or a l iv in g b u t s i n c e t he s ta t e g o t an in j un c t i on a year ago aga i n s t ne t t in g s t r e ams o u t o f s e a s on , e v e n t h i� s our c e o f inc ome has b e en c l o s e d . Los Ange l e s i s an o t h e r o f t h e b i g c i t i e s t o whi c h Ind ians have b e e n r e lo c a t e d o r a t t ra c t e d o n t h e i r own . I t has m o r e t h an 2 5 , 000 Ind ians i n t h e me t r op o l i t an 2.re a . The S t a t e Adv i s ory C om. Li s s i on o n Indian A f fa i r s i n a r e p or t t h i s year c on c lud e d : "The s o c ia l c.nd e c on omi c c on d i t i on o f t h e Ind ian ar e t he lowe s t o f a n y min o r i t y i n t h e s t a t e . " . And the r e p o r t was i s s u e d a f t e r t he· N e gr o r i o t i n Wa t t s . Wall S t r e e t. .To1 u-1 1 ::1 1 - Oc t h e r 7 , 196p H ow You May O b tain C op i e s O f GLUS KAP THE L I AR & OTHER IND I AN TALES ,; , / ' i' I . � .'.t ' .... . . \ ' ·, ·:;�- , _, . - .· • � r - .. · • --� J . ' _... - �.J "Mu s t warn ,. pa l e f."l c c..� t 'l' h '1 i n r-i-c . l i P. n t .n this pipe are d e eme d t o b e i n j uri o us t o h e al t h i f inhale d ! " T h e Maine Indian N e ws l e t t e r w i l l r e c e ive o r d e r s f o r Gl usl ap the Liar & Qther I n d ian T a l e s S end wr i t t e n b y H or a c e P . B e ck . your n ame - and addr e s s a n d t h e numb e r o f c o1 i e s you w o u ld l ike t o t h e E d i t or . S e e page 16 und e r B o ok Rev i e w for a d e s c r ip t i on of t he new b o ok tha t us e s the Maine · Pe n ob s c o t In d i an s as a c e n t r a l gro np . t U lilety S e H d a · e h e ck:.:o.f.: .i c n e y or d e r---· f d r i5 ;· 9).. ' € e . t i1e . ::· l• .a i ne I n d ian-- N e '.Y s l w t t e r , Pine 8 t r e o t. , F1· e e1 o r t , f·ia i u e 04032 e �( 16 ) B 0 0 K R E V I GLUS C AP THE LI E W R & OT h Jl:R I N D I AN TALES by Horace H um o r , t e r r o r , t r i c ke r y ; t r an s f o r�e d c r e a t ur e s - - s u c l and b e c om e v o lur;1e . an I n d i a n ma i d e n ' s P. B e ck v a111 1.: ir e s , w i t c h e s as t he s n ake t h � t love r - - are t h e ma j o r and sl�d c an n i b a l s ; brave ,?;i r l s i t s skin e ac h ni � t i n gre d i e n t s of to facinat ing t 1 is A c h ar a c t e r wh o d om i na t e s many o f t � e s e t a l e s is G lu s.��p , t h e f r i e 1 dly w i t h s t on e e ye b r ows , wh o s e ews t o hav e b e e n a re l a t i o n o f t h e g r e a t g i a n t Ka t ah d i n , a n d w h o i s a s s i s t e d b y t h e d w c.:. r f M ikue1w e s u , s o h e a v y he s ank kne e - d e e p in t o gr an i t e w h e n he w a lke d . giRnt On e storie � , ques , gr o u p of tales , whose amo r a l b e hav i o r t o Mr . B e c k , N ' J a c q u e s t h an G lu 'S kap . a Using the c o n s i d e rab l e l o gi c a l s urv e r y the ir am o n g whi c h s o me e xh i b i t s b o t h a E ur o p e an a n d is I n d i ans the trib e he f o lk l o r e , in way a s or t s o f up to has s h own h ow the the present �a t e r ia l e x t e n d o u r und e r s t and ing o f fits � u t h o r has his t ori c al , T h r o u eh a l a r � e in t o them . Ac c o r d i n g pe r haps m o r e the t i me . " s haggy d o g " s c r ap e s . I n d i an s , a s a c e n t r a l gr o up , our T h e y c on c e rn N ' Ja � o f t h i � b o ok t o a n a r c h ae o l o g i c a l , of I n d i an s a n d c an h im i n t o a l l v e r y p o pu lar a m o n g t h e Penob s c ot s e c t i on le ads r e s e i ·. b l e I nd i an b a c kgr o u nd . the lives of so de v o t e d e thno­ b o dy o f t he s e T h e r e e r e L 1 y t h o l o gi c a l t a l e s t h .. . t s e e m t o . v e r i f y t h e ar c h ae o l o gy , h i s t o r i c a l t a l e s t h c.t h a v e t h e i r r o o t s in h i s t o r i c a l f a c t , m o r a i t a l e s t ha t s u � e s t c e r t a i n c h a rac t e r i s t i c s o f t h e P e n ob s c o t c u l t u r e , and E u � o p e an t a l e s t h 2 t t h e I n d iL ns p i c ke d u p f r o m s e t t le r s and m i s s i o n a r i e s Many o f the se and adap t e d la t t e r a r e to t h e ir s t i l l qui t e own e nv i r o nme n t . re c o gn i zab le as v a r i an t s o f st ories among t h o s e c o l le c t e d b y t h e b r o t h e r s G r i..rru:1 , w h o s e f a. i ryt a l e s have n o ur i s h e d s o man y ge n e r a t i o n s o f Ame r i c a n a n d E ur op e an c h i l d r e n . T o s h ow h ow r e pr e s e n t ­ a t i v e a l l t he t a l e s a r e o f t h e e n t i r e New E n gla n d r e gi o n , M r . B e c k has a l s o i n c lu d e d s oill e wa t e r i a l f o rm t r i b e s Rather t� ll t h an except for one andhas the s imp l e oral t a le t r an s ra i s s i on , t old of the dire c t in n � ighb o r in g t h e s t o � i e s v e r b a t im , the se diale c t , native in a s t yl e i d i om a n d q ua l i t y o f Mr . s t yle Pe n ob s c o t . e e k h a s t r ans c r i b e d t h e m , t ha t wa i n t ains pe culiar to the the c olor of nar ra t o r s , f o lk a r t . As i d e f r om t h e p l e a s ur e t h e t e x t w i l l g i v e t h e l a yman r e a d e r , a c on c i s e app e n d i x , v a l u ab � t o t he s e r i o u s s t u d e n t o f f o lk l o r e , p r ov i d e s a d i s c us s i on o f the s ou r c e s a n d t h e $ 23 , 1 1 9 1 AS · I NGTON - p ov e r t y pr o r_� r ams Sen . the E d .uund S . The motifs GRA.NT�D in c o l l e c t i on . FOR ANT IPOVERT Y PL1w Ap 1· r ov a l of �23 , 119 a b-e n e f i t in g }\'J a i n e ' s Mu s k i e a n d Re p . f un d s w i l l b e t h is fe deral 1.) a s s ama q u o d d y H l liam D . e< l l o c ct t e d OF ' �l.J ODD Y I i. D I A! S by the gr£. n t t o d e v e l op an t i ­ I n d i a n s was by th e Pa s s ama q u o d dy T ownship re serva t i ons . H a t haway s a i d s o c ia l a n d e c o n o m i c within the Muskie . t r ib e s . 1 1 ( F r om Por t L nd the gr an t prob lems Dr . ann o un c e d Offic e o f E c o n o -i c O�yi o r t u n i t y t o wi l 1 be I n d i a n t r i b e a t . t h e P l e a s a n t P o i o t and wi l l b e of the Pr e s s H e r a l d , to �vi l l d i i· e c t 1/12/6 7 ) aJ. ,.uin ­ Indian ' ' ill o u n t a pr o g r a � t o d e a l w i t h us e d I n d i an s Jau1e s Pays o n by H a t h awa y . Wa s h i nc;t o n C o un t y Re g i onal A c t i o n A � � e n c y i n Ma c h i a s and istered to i n v o lv e d in a n e ffor t the to alleviate pr o j e c t , p ov e r t y ac c o r d i n g �(17 ) FA CT SHEET FOR LEGISLATORS The w�te r ial on th is pa ge , and on Page a fact s he e t f or ITE mbers o f 1 a ine ' Following a re que s t s 103rd 18 , wa s pre par e d or i g inally a s Le gislature . f r o m Re pre se nta t ive Glenn Starbird Editor a s se mble d th is ba s i c inf o rmat i o n on Mdne e a stern tr ib e s Rep . in general and mime o graphe d it on the Starb ir d plans to di s tribute the s e sh eets tor s . 1 , 2 00 Ind i an s l iv ing on t h e r e a r e an e s t ima t e d - th e Penob s c o t Re s erv a t i on i n c l ud e s a l l all ( n e ar Pr inc e t on , t ha t a c on s i d erab l e numb er Uni t e d S t a te s , t he whi l e MAINE . in exchange f or - thr e e Re s erva t i on s the Penob s c o t R iver t h e Pa s s amaquoddy R e s e rv a t i on s ar e P l e a s an t Po i n t - an e s t ima t ed 8 0 0 MAINE IND IANS - reade rs . i s l and s in MAINE ? f r om to Ma t t awamkeag ? of Ind i an Town s h i p and gree n News l e t te r ma s the a d . the bene f it of the le gis la ­ It i s included here f o r the be ne f it o f Newsle tter - O l d Town f or (D-K ing�an ) the in part icular and Indians l ive ( n e ar Perry , Ma ine ) l ive o f f -Re s erva. t i on-- t- hr oughou t t hr oughou t New Eng l and and s t i l l ma i n t a in ing and Ma ine ) ? the ir t ie s t o t he ir the the r e s t s ta t e , of the Tr ib e s ? R E SERVATIONS were g iven the Penob s c o t and Pa s s ama quoddy Tr i b e s all t h e r e a r e more of wha t i s n ow t h e S t a t e o f Ma ine ? than 500 , 000 Ind i a n s hund r ed s o f d i f f er en t Tr ib e s , t ime s a s g r e a t a s among in t he Un i t ed States , and t h a t b ir t hr a t e among Ind i a n s b e l ong ing t o i s abou t 2 � the c oun try ' s popu l a t ion a s a who l e ? - Ma s s a chu s e t t s h a s an Ind i an popu l a t i on o f ov er 2 , 0 00 Ma s hpe e s , Wamp anoag s , and N i pmu c s ; Connec t i cu t ha s a n Ind i an popu l a t i o n o f a lmo s t and Paugu s e t t s ; 1 , 00 0 P e quo t s , Mohegan s , S c h agh t i c oke s , Rhod e I s l and has an Ind i an popu l a t i on of a lmo s t New Hamp s h i r e h a s an Ind i an popu l a t i on of Vermo n t h a s an Ind i an popu l a t i on o f ov er - i n add i t i on t o t h e New Eng l and · s t a t e s , l iving in nor t he a s t ern , of east c en tr a l , over 50 , 1 , 00 0 Nar r a g an s e t t s ; 1 0 0 Pennacook s ; b e l ong ing there are 1 1 5 , 000 Ind i a n s s ome a n d s ou t hern s t a t e s and t o var i ou s Tr ib e s ? - t h e gr e a t ma j o r i ty t h e s e h av ing no F ed er a l admin i s t r a t iv e c onne c t i o n ? - MA INE I ND IAN S have n ever h ad a n y admin i s tr a t ive g overnmen t , - MAINE c onne c t i on wi th the F ed er a l and d o no t �? is t h e ONLY S TATE in the c ou n t r y t o have a S t a t e D e par tmen t o f Ind i an A f f a i r s ? - Congr e s s i o n a l d e l e ga t e s and Ind i an Tr ib e s f r om o t her expr e s s ed an in t er e s t in t he f ed er a l Bur e au o f Ind i an A f f a ir s a n d t he U . S . of Ind i an Hea l t h ) s t a t e s have a l r e ady t h i s. n ew a p p r o a c h to MAINE INDIAN AFFAIRS , ar e a l s o very in t e r e s t ed ( OVER ) and t h a t Pub l i c Hea l th S erv i c e in d eve l opmen t s in MAINE ? ( D i v i s i on �The Admi n i s t r a t ion of (From " RE POR T TO THE 1 0 2ND LEG I S LA TURE : b y the ture , I n t e r im J o i n t Commi t t ee on I n d i an Af f a i r s o f January , 1965 ) "F or a t ime fo l l ow i n g the e s t ab l i shmen t of Maine a s a s e p ar a t e p o l i t i c a l en t i ty , left to t h em s e lv e s . As t he S ta t e o f n ego t i a t i on s w i th t h e Tr i b e s w a s e n t i r e l y l e g i s l a t ive a n d for wer e Ind i an A f f a ir s " t h e l O l s t Legi s l a ­ the momen t t h e year s pr o gr e s s e d , o f t h e I n d i a n s b e c ame more a p p are n t . the Ind i an s the p l i gh t Leg i s l a t ive ma t t e r s also were b e coming d e e p and comp l i c a t e d and t h e n e e d s and wan t s o f a The pr o b l ems of growing wh i t e popu l a t ion came f ir s t . Ind i a n s were shun t e d ab o u t by a s u c c e s s i on o f the l e g i s l a t ur e s , f in a l ly end i n g up w i th the De par tme n t o f He a l t h and W e l f a r e . " " I n b o t h t h e l O O t h and l O l s t Le g i s l a tu r e s b i l l s w e r e in t r o ­ du c e d wh i c h wou l d h ave t r an s f e r r e d t he superv i o ion a n d adm i n ­ i s t r a t i o n o f In d i an A f f a i r s f r om t h e De par tme n t o f He a l t h and We l fare • • • I n the l O O t h the b i l l f a i l e d of p a s s age and in t h e lO l s t i t w a s r e f er r e d t o t h e s tudy w h i c h i s r e p or t • • • "It is t h e o p i n i o n of t he Ind i an manner We tr ib e s w i t h i n t h a t i s conclu s ive fe e l the b a s i s of this " t h i s Comm i t te e that t h e a f fa ir s o f t h i s S t a t e ar e n o t b e i n g hand l ed in a to the b e s t i n t er e s t s of t h a t any onu s o f b l ame f a l l s r i gh t ly upon l e g i s l a tur e s t h a t f a i l e d t o d o any th i n g o t her t he Ind i a n . . • . the many than t o see t ha t the I n d i a n h ad s he l t e r , w a s c l o t hed and f e d and tha t h e ke p t The S t a t e of Ma ine , h i s d i s t an c e fr om t h e l e g i s l a t u r e i t s e l f . f or a l l pur p o s e s , i s de a l ing w i t h the Ind ian today in the same mann e r in wh i c h he d e a l t w i th him one hundred and for t y - f ive year s ago • • • " " In c o n c l u s i on , of t h e Commi t t e e f ind s t h a t i t i s t h e Ma ine Ind i an b e g iven to impr ove h i s lot . He f e e l s t h e de s i r e tha t h e mu s t t h e o p p o r tun i ty t o have a v o i c e in g ove r n i ng hims e l f an d h i s a f f a ir s . H e i s c o g n i zan t o f the f a c t t h a t thi s can n o t come abou t overn i g h t bu t by n e c e s s i ty mu s t be a l ong r ange a f f a ir . He doe s no t w i s h t o l o s e h i s i d en t i ty a s an Ind ian b u t b e l ieve s w i th some a s s i s t a n c e b o th he (From and h i s tribe t he RF. PUB L I CAN PLATFORM FOR 1 9 6 7 - 6 9 , Mar ch , "We r e c ogn i z e s ove r e ign n a t i o n s hund r e d y e ar s ; can s h ow pr ogr e s s . " 1966) tha t t h e Ind i a n s o f our S t a t e have gone from to d e p e nd e n t commun i t i e s in a s pan o f two t h a t un t i l r e c en t ly a l l t h e I nd i a n i s a we l f ar e pro gr am • • • t h a t h a s b een o f f e r e d We u r g e t h a t the Pa s s amaquoddy and Penob s c o t Tr ib e s be g iven the n e c e s s a ry gove r n me n t a l and e c onomi c a s s i s t an c e t o e n a b l e t hem to have as t o t h e ir f u tur e r o l e i n o u r s o c i e ty . " (F rom t h e DEMOCRA TI C PLATFORM FOR 1 9 6 7 - 1 9 6 9 , May , a cho i c e and a v o i c e 1966) "We c ommend t he 1 0 2nd L e g i s l a tu r e f o r e n a c t ing tha t • • • shou l d enab l e l e g i s l a t ion t he Pa s s ama quoddy and Penob s c o t Ind i an s and t h e s t a t e g overnme n t wor k i ng toge ther t o d e v e l op a pr ogram that w i l l e n ab l e the Ind i an s f l our i s h and pr o s p er • • • l iv i n g on the r e s erva t i o n s t o W e urge • • • t h a t r e s e r va t i on I nd i ans b e gr an t e d a gr e a t er d eg r e e o f s e l f -governme n t and a l ar ger v o i c e in t h e ir own a f f a i r s . " ( The MAINE I ND IAN NEW SLE T TER is a pr iva t e ly s po n s o r e d and pub l i s h e d mo n t h ly mime ographed N ew s l e t t er d evo t ed t o news of Ind i an A f f a i r s in Ma i n e and t h r ough­ Curr en t ly suppor t e d en t ir e ly by d o n a t io n s , t here is a s ye t ou t t h e c oun t ry . no sub s cr i p t i on charg e . Wr i te t he Ed i t or t o b e p l ac e d on the ma i l ing l i s t . ) �( 19 ) H:D IAN � C HOO I..S C LOS D!G OF ( C o n t in u e d B y far t he 1824 was i·J.r . to be unto of f or c e d out Lo gan Mr . H i nc k l e y . .; r a s c o 1.ip l i an c e 1454 basis ized only , an d t 2 28 , 500 lid .s e t f o r � on t h s ' t h e re the Tlrns c omp l ie d , i.:.r i t h S 0 !·1 e l east S tate . r o un d , they h� ve In a loses their las t of it l o ok s t he t ake n and the the those o f f i c ia l s q u e s t i on of d i s c r i. 1i11 a t i on . S&:f t h e r e i s d i s c r i;;1in a t ..i. o n fident they are t .. . i s s t a t e . " Tb e i s s ue say t he y wan t 1 1The act , I n d i an "Th e y • was • 31, �1 - i t �r n r s ch o o l s over to us tJ1e on t he has no i n t e 11 t i o n 11 I t wan t s to of been cl los Po r t L:m d Pr e s s H e ro. l d , oc . .; t �I 1 /u 7 ) of ruling to us they tLem I at t h e ir an o t h e r c l oic e . of stated he c h i l d.c e n , in raising not are in educ a t i on f e d e 1n a l ha. s t y " li t t l e But f un d s . sovere ignty ·df I n d i a n r e s e r v ci. h the t ui t ion r e ad y f .: e l q u i t e to � on ­ i s n o d i s c ri ; ,1 i n a t i o n i n t he r e a l l o w i n g c: n y pr o v i d e in ruling tl0e I n d L- i1 s w o u l d l os e t a lk i n c; w i t h t h i::!. t an unde r the have to on un o r ga n - in G o vernor C ur t i s indicated F r 01r1 ke e p . s t cl. t e t he • re1 ort said . childre n . 11 ( F r o .:i • r;o i n g t o to C ur t i s " t h e y .£.ay h a v e fe e l a on . b e e n ke p t lla s t h e J'o r � ln d R.r e � § II e r_?- l d t h � . t af t e r c on f e r r i n g i J O J.1 d a,j �1i t-11 o f f i c ia l s c o D c e rn i n g s c h c r n 1 1 n g t r � v j s i. 0 1 1 s f o r l' , & i n e 'r nd i an t h i nks d e s c r ib e d r e s i de f r e e d o.u1 the le f t : S e c t ion .� u a r d i an � ·1 c i e s spot . by for f u ;:i d s . school on ' Ja n u ci r y held t h is the t h o u &h as t he y b a d not do 196 3 . of as pr iv i l e � e s on choice apJ : r o v a l apJ_: r opr i a t i o n s er b r i n g pre s s u r e c oLl!: l y and f r e e d ow r i gh t c on f e r e n c e F e d e ral to re f u s e d h m·1e v e r , the news Eaine h2v e ke pt haine , a lr.1 o s t In or states really is Le p;i s la t u r e iJ o. r e n t b e cause to t ifile li t t le is pe ople . for The e du c a t i o n a l children and r u l i D g wh e n t his h is e 1 d i n g Ju n e •1i ;; h t o �hool n e ar is d e a d l in e for E d u c a t i on of ye ar l oc a l of �n o Nn t11 i s t h r o u gh Mr . n e c e s s nry a p r o p r ia t i o ns the r e s id e these that n o t 1u i t h s t a1 1 d i n g aside . 1·1 h o h l''. e i p.; b o r i n .c; in he c o n c e rn ­ ·11 0 . 2 r o se . such "E,.ie r g e n c y n . fisc �l the en t i t le d be s ha l l 1454 ·l/a s h i n gt on the t o raise c h i ld r e n "All ti.ie c h i l dr e n a l l ma t t e r s d i s t r ib u t e d h ad no be I n di a n the j us t not be D e pa r t ue n t the for t e r r i t o ry . " T he th� . t said r u l i n g a n d e ar.Jarke d the with I n d i a n R e s e r v a t i on s e c t i o ns is to S d i d t ha t ii\fa s h i n g t o n a n cl p l e d to d e s i gn e d and i s ar e n o t t o e x c e e d o f t h e b i l l re ads : by d r aw n been has bill A Le � i s l a t ure , the gone hav e h e w:rn l d Iuad e F r �n c i s G e o r ge E x -G o v e � n o r it '.i1 e r e there if o n t h e R e s a r v a t i on s h o u l d the wo uld i n f o r ma t i o n that and an d f�rther them at b e fore should b e, laid a gr � e d , lived s c h o o ls Reservation G o v e r n o r Mi t c l 1 e l l them . Indians the ing of the to r e t ur n e d then be t h. � t said c h i ld r e n w h o .� i t e the choice O l d •r o 1m of J o h n I ii t c h e l l G ov e rn o r nation a t h e .:1 s e lv e s . fre e d on of the s c �r e �a t e d ; re�lly be n c f' S t o.. t e mu s t }.lr o ­ t h e T r u ct t y go.. v e b e yo n d . t h L t s1 life the S t a t e }ith the t ha t s t at e d and ga t e s the ir c lose to out e du c a t i on , and we l fare r i gh t the I n d i an s 1my of t �.: e i r b e en ti.• e i r T r e o. t y he nann e r c on t r o l l e d and of t e rli1s the of s or,1e gav e qu i e t h e alt h , vide i;1ha t had t b e<. t n e w s pap e r s the c onne c t e d d i s r up t e d . Gessil In a l'1aine . in r e ad to The y had !...1 i s hand l in g of t � 1 i s i·.:ia t t e r is t h e . :. -ri t h i t .!l orn t h e J nri 1 ::n1 s ; of i n f o r ma t i on all of Fr e d r i c ks . • i t e &ll. L ·p o r t a n t least • J i t hh o l d i n g c omp l e t e I1·i . T b y Ka t h e r i ne 12 ) pa5e f r o� e a 1J u s e ns- of 11 c at i on 11 1 i c h t l1 ..) it t !1 e c iv i l c an to In dians r i gh t s the I �' ( 20) A Ifr-, l D � y fi'OR Vice Pre ai den t , ( C o n t i� u e d '!Ve I tl d i - n t ouch s t a t us - st a t us t h e ir the : i ere ' f f ai r s : H ow as 0.1 to t: e s o) ' 1e na t i o n a l s c h e · te of t he c on f u s e d t l i i n e; s . of To t h i nks par t h e lp t h e m that F r om t h i s sive in the h ou r pr o gr am Un i t e d S t a t e s gr e s c iv e , has f o rw a r d , has the the the c ome we v e n t u r e s o r.1e , are of ·erica ) � l l .Ja11 to G 0 1·1e to put going o a i n �::; , , rh o of of the f o un d c.lr e • I n d ia n s it fa r s i gh t e d . " to o rk • t ha t �e • • they on In fit in of A s ia and .l\ f r i c o111 i n g i u t o a ta� e ca , co n ­ a ' ' Your Pre s i d e n t J o hn s o n s t at e d : b e gi'ir I want I n d i ans . wa y t o the of c o un t r y a t t ai n ·Ihere n ow f i r s t Arae r i c L � s • the o.nd <t o unt r i e s t ribes quite U . S . B u r c::: au this s t a t u s as c o1tlt11U n i t y . the • of the y are Indinn to c o r i i r o n t i u t:; t · i e citi. ens vay Pr e s i d e n t c on s i d e r e d . and J la r 6e r a d v an c e m e n t ever i s ::; ue t h e y h av e n ' t find t he ir t irne for but a f fairs as Li · ,_e s t ruc t iv e s e l f - aw ar e n e s s HiD IAN " tat e s � 11 - IndiLn po vir e r s , of Un i t e d The s tatus as are IC Ld\J 1 " H ui.t}.'h · e J f r o ! 1 D e c e u1b e r Ne ws l 0 t t � r l on g d o min a t e d b y f o r e i gn sense A} very bedrocl he l· � c it i �ens , o w n min d s , .CJ 1 TJy Hub 0 r t H . first ou r &g�nd a • on the mos t t h e G ov e r n � n t c o und , • • c ompr e h e n ­ of re alis t i c , the pr o ­ vh o g r e w up a!..i.l o n g h i s own t r i b . 1 :. e op le , t h e One i d as o f h' i s c o n s i n , a n d w h o has b e e n inue r s e d i n I n d ian a f f a i r s t h r o u gh o u t his e n t i r e l i f e has s t a t e d : " I am f a r m o r e i n t e re s t e d i n pr o111o t i n g c o n s t r u c t i v e C om.J:.t i s s i on e r B e nn e t t a c t ion will be t hun i n r e c r im ina t i ons t he ,na j o r g o a l o f n e w i d e as a n d p r o gr ams t hr ow off To o ld p la c e l and , s l 1 ip s t a t u s the B ow s t a t ut e s , l an d s assure ed the e v ol v e d f r ou has far net par c e l s c o�1 e fo� of to is the These c on c e p t is t ha t , is , I ndian the in in aa r s and o wn e r s . the the of the But us for of whole . a the such the as are of s o me a t t a ck b y t h e s o on b e e c o n omi c of I � d i an q> n e r ship next , th� has uia j o r lands . The of in hav e lagge d I n d i an th� of offer h i gh hav e c re a t ing I as c osts little I n d ian ar e as . mon t h ) re s o u r c e a of of the to in c oill e aii.1 c on f i d en t s orae to a c q u ir e d 1 1 c h e c k- farmi n g o r t he land the to a r is ing f l e xib i l i t y in loosen of I n d ian re sourc e s b e h i nd c o mt e ... p o r a r y pr o b l ems of these v i nb i l i t j c oru· I B r c i a l in tribes a l s o va c il la t e d . I n d ian par c e l s , lack m i l l i on 51 Tru s t e e ­ i s o f t e n ob s c ur ­ n on - I n d i a n s re d u c e d t ha t some o f the a c c ui.1u lat ion init iative re sult ed that will (C ontinued next of B y an policies n e w C ommi s s i one r . pr o p o s e d gr o w t h t us d e v e l o p i n g na t u r a l l ar �e - s c a l e to 1 9 t h C e n t ur y a f t e r w h i c h r e s e rv a t i o n b o unda r i e s , had c it izens o f ab o u t s upe r v i s i o n Me anwh : l e , and it in i t ia t e pr o gr e s s . " e xami n e trus tee I n d i an a r e a & has localities , of to /e s t e rn S t at e s . l e ga l s t I n d ian and G o v e rnL1ent f r a c t i on a t e d to c t i on , o u r Indian let F e d e ra l i n a d m i n i s t e r i n g h o l d i n gs b r ie f , f as t e r is �ar d sh i p . o r i gi n a l s ome purpo s e s , indiv i dual . under to b y law , a r e s ponsi b i lity I n d i an ge n e r a t i on r eme d i e s w i l l p e r rn i t pe r s pe c t iv e , appropr i a t i on s , c o un t r y a s More ov a r , in e na b l e t r u s t e e s hip r e s p on s i b i l i t y g o ? and pa s t a wuch quicker 1 a c e o f wh i c h d e v e l o pme n t l and w i t h i n f r om o n e Int e rior par t s e n t i iJle n t , t ha t tr u s t e e s h ip s t a t u s lat iv e and th0 i n v o lv e F e d e r a l G o v e rnme n t t he f ulle s t s ov e r e i n t y t ri b ua l - u s e a n y s in gl e h o µe f u l l y , f o l l ow i n g t h e to the pat t e rn r an c h i n g . pas s e s in the l a r ge s t 1 1 war d s h i p 1 1 of r e s 11 on s i b i l i t y f o r s ys t e m w a s e s t a b l i s h e d , does re s u l t . e r b oa r d ' 1 t h a t wi l l , r e ma r k in r e gu la t i o n s , u t i l i za t i on lan d o ne bene L it s by the t he I n d ian B u r e a u un d e r m y l e ad e � s h i p o f F e d e r.a l � Ind ian r e l a t i o n s . r e s e r v a t i on c h ange d The this The S e c r e t ar y o f of oer f r u s t r a t i o n s a n d a c h e iv e c r u c i a l a s pe c t s acres the the t ha t the fr t ru s t l e gi s ­ s ha c k l e s m c �6? '8 �:-.-:·� /·::::· � ' ...� Fi !Tj �"".."0:� , �2� 6J Vt ·' ·.• 1 -:::· (·&.. rz.'!]" r.:r '· :.:::! fr ':'.:\ fa l5L � c� � 'l\V Wit �, G t1! '\ \ :?:J Ai ! :: : ::: ...j -- 'i ' ' \<1 ' !J& \\ \\/ \:. \ � l C:.:·. ::: ::. · . . Q:\:fub \ 1 ._\\ /,•/ :/ j . . � ·� -�.:::__\, - �. - - news 'lf Indian affair s and around Maine the country ; - / � -? .. - t o know what other Tribes are doing, thinking and planm.ng; ����;-::t-- I d ��!:�� i your home or P� st Office box each mont h ; 1· I · _ , ...-- _ i, . , • - l 'r 1/\:�,1 7 ,, :: r '\ \-��··�(})':\/\\}\{'.:� // i\ - �- \ .. \ ---· · BELOW � : tJ- -----i F ILL OUT THE SU BSCRIPTION SLIP -� . · , � .. - a free " st art er " sub s cription _ to the Maine Indian Newslett er ; '· · · in / r: - y\/4:L. A:\:}A�?:: Z;j ;;\. -.__ ( 12�{ , i ./ (!- \)'i ; 1\ - �-.1� 01�\ \ I- '---� j/ i ;' � \\ \,: ;:-->-'�·:::/ i ___ [ I/ � ' IF YOU WANT - , _ ', ,// 'i .-\\\{:/ I i i '97 / !, / __ __ ) . I I \ --- � � _J L_ AND MAIL IT WITH NO MONEY TO : MAINE INDIAN NEWSIETTER Pine Street Freeport , �1aine ( Also send in your suggestions, c omment s , ideas, l et t ers, st �ri e s , c �mplaint s , jok e s , �artoons, news ite�e , etc ! ! ! ! arti cle s , - - - I - - - l'D uld NAME - - J40J2 - � - - - - - - ------ ) - - ------------- - - - like a copy of th e Maine Indian Newsletter mailed to me each month : � � � � � � T-�- a se pr i nt ) � (Ple--�-___�� __;� � � �� ����� � ����- � � MAILING ADDRESS ������� (ZIP Code , please ) (Send this slip t3 Maine Indi an Newsletter, Pine Str eet , Freep '>r t , Me . 0403 2 ) �MAINE IND IAN NEWSLETTER BULK RATE �r eepor t , Maine 7/8¢ U.S. Pine Street 2 04032 Fr eeport, Li or �l o l le ge Co lb y , Me . at rv i l le 049 J POSTAGE PAID Maine -33 Permit No . �4 2 LI BER TY S IB.EET MAINE INDIAN NEWSLETTER GARDINER , ?l INE .A 043 4 5 DON 1 T D ELAY ! I TO GET LOCAL AND LONG D I S TANCE INDIAN NEWS , DELIVERED TO YOUR DOOR EACH MONTH! 1:he fo l lowing sub s cr i pt ion r a t e s are charged for a 1 2 -month sub s cr i.p t ion to 'rHE MAINE IND IAN NEWSLETTER If you are an INDIAN , wherever you live , - FREE f i l l out and send (Regular ) - $ 2 . 00/year s l ip ( Contr ibu t ing ) - $ 5 . 00/ye ar and enc l o s ing N O money . ( Suppor t ing) -$ 10 . 00/ye ar (Lifet ime) - $ 5 0 . 00/ye ar Indian Non-Indian " " " If you are a NON-INDIAN, wherever you l ive , pri a t e amoun t . (be low) W I TH the appr o ­ Your sub s cr ip t ion The addre s s l ab e l s ind i ca t e the s tatus "Free - Indian . " " F - I " means The abbreviation o f i s the t ime - next y ear • your sub s cr ipt ion fee w i l l again be due . . wi l l b egin with the next avai lab le in the sub s cr ip t ion id en t i fy ing your Tr ib e o f your sub s cr iption . a month (JAN) f i l l out and s end in the sub ­ scr i p t ion s l ip (below ) , You wi l l NOT ge t an individual e,-so expir ati'OO not'Ic be aler t ! (Com­ issue a f t e r your sub s cr ip t ion s l i p p l imentary and Exchange sub s cript ion s is r ec e ived . do not re quire renewal . ) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - � -- - - - - - -- · - - - -- - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - -----� - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - --� - - - - - � I would l ike t o re ceive monthly regu lar i s sues of ' the Maine Indian News let ter : DATE I ND IAN ___ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ NON-IND IAN ADDRES S --: � ----------------------- ( S tr ee t or P . O . Box ) ( C i ty , S tate Sub s cr ip t ion r a te s : Z I P Code ) Indian -0- ; TRIBE-----AMOUNT ENCLOSED--- Non -Ind ian - $ 2 $ 10 (Regular ) ; ( Suppor t ing) ; Send this s l ip , with your sub s cr ipt ion charge , $ 50 $5 (Contr ibu ting ) ; (Li f e t ime ) if app l i cab l e , to : MAINE INDIAN NEWSLE TTER 42 Lib e r ty S tree t , Gardiner , Maine 0434 5 · � - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - �- - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - -- � - - - - - - - �- - - - - - - - - - - - - - �- - - - - - - Don ' t forge t your Z I P Code ! �BULK RA TE MAINE IND IAN NEWSLETTER 42 U.S. G ard ine r , Ma i n e POS TAGE 3 . 6 ¢ PAID Lib er ty S tr e e t F r e e por t , Ma ine 04 345 Penni t . �o . ADDRE S S CORRECTION REQUE S TED Co l b y C o l by Co l l g L i b ra ry Coi i g fia t e r v1 1 1 ' Mai ne 0 JAN 49 :: 01 33 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Penobscot Description An account of the resource The Penobscot people, who identify closely with the Penobscot River that is their home, have a reservation on Indian Island, near Old Town, Maine. Part of the Wabanaki Confederacy, they were among the tribes that won federal recognition in the 1980 Maine Indian Land Claims Settlement Act. <br /><br />A Penobscot scholar, Joseph Nicolar, was one of the first regional Native people to publish a book: <em>Life and Traditions of the Red Man</em> (1890). Since then, many others have written about their language and culture, including the performing artist Molly Spotted Elk and poet Carol Dana.<br /><br />The Penobscots have a rigorous process for protecting their intellectual property, asking any scholars who are studying or writing about them to communicate with their Cultural Heritage and Preservation Office.<br /><br /><strong>Resources</strong><br /><br />Penobscot Nation <a href="https://www.penobscotnation.org/" target="_blank">website</a><br /><a href="http://www.penobscotculture.com/" target="_blank">Penobscot National Cultural &amp; Historic Preservation Department</a><br /><br /> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <em>Maine Indian Newsletter</em> (Jan. 1967) Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource ssipsis (Thompson, Eugenia) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Colby College Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1967-01 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Julia Brush Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Digital images courtesy of Colby College Library. In making these images available, we also consulted with ssipsis’ daughter, Pam Outdusis Cunningham. Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Document Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource pdf Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DV-472 https://www.dawnlandvoices.org/collections/files/original/6e4284acfa9d8a01a8aca3cd4dce2f7c.pdf 1a50a54dc4307c850d6576d5ec5a2ecb PDF Text Text MAINE� I ID ·.A NEWSLETTER L VOLUME 1, NUMBER 5 DEC:SHBER B PROVID!:,S ENJOYilENT FOR All over i"inine family c ·J..!.Lpin� is becoruing of our vacation industry. inexpensive vacation enjoyment, having a C1J,iPZRS 1�1ore importc:::.nt _p:::.r t Fiith more fauilies ta.king longer v2ca.tions and travelling further distances, for the return trip home. o.. 340 1966 the c�mpground is providing relatively end still leaving enough spending money For many it oeans the difference between vacc:::.tion or no vacation ut 211. The high costs of filany summer­ time motels provides even filore incentive for a f2.8ily cc:::.mp out • . One motel owner told us last s ummer that the many ne�rby camping 2.rees had taken away much of his business. some provi�e electricity and even Nost ca pgrounds provide water, a few �dvertise showers. any campgrounds nearby, are in wooded,areas with man-Lladc some are on the ocean and some are on lakesides. swimning pools " One of the latter is Long Lake Campground on Indian Township Reservation. Lake is as beautiful as o. n y I Long have seen in Naine. T he Campground wc:::.s Duri:rig the peried" frQm July_ 8th 1966 from Nay to November. . to ·Jtily 29th; 83 .:.parties 0f 3h1::Campers used ,_the Campground. operated during The foJlow�ng statistics are prov�ded by the Depart�ent of Forest Servicei - Residence Referred to Campground I: nine - 16 - 13 Pennsylvania - 10 Massachusetts Connecticut New York Canada Ohio New Jersey Indiana Florida Maryland N.H., "vi.Va., R.I., Del., Va., Mich. Totals Types of Shelters by: - 18 - 15 Road Sign Guidegooks Local Stores - 11 Forest Rangers 8 7 7 6 3 3 2 2 Tents Tent Trailers - 10 Repeat Visits Friends Maps, Chamber of Commerce, ickup Campers-10 Travel Trlrs. Auto Assoc. - 2 - Cars - Cabins 9 7 6 Live Nearby -40 -18 - 6 5 4 each 1 Not known -l each 83 83 (Continued on Page 2) �(2) (Continued from Page 1) The Department of Forest Service feels that the Long Lake Campground is a resource which c&n be developed to benefit the Passamaquoddy Tribe, and can make plans in this direction. The Newsletter is pleased with these results. There is nothing more we would like to see then new means of income for the Passamaquoddy. As tourists are attracted to the Passawaquoddy Reservation many ·rill be interested in visiting the Indian Stores and buying bnskets and other Indian goods. Perhaps more Tribal dances will then be held to entertain these visitors. So many people are interested in learning more about Indian history, arts, craft and Indian lore that the oppor unities seem unlimited. It is up to the Passamaquoddy to decide if this is the kind of life he wants , and then to proceed accordingly. The Penobscot Indians on Indian Island in Oldtown , 11aine own a string of islands in the Penobscot River wost of which are not being used for anything of a permnneht n&ture. Perhaps one of these islands could be used to make a similar c.=.r.apground. I can think of proble111s arising but they seem no greater than those fe.ced at Long Lake, at Indian Township. • CORRECTION It has been brought to our attention that in the November Edition of the Newsletter in our story of the Passamaquoddy Tribal Election we left out one of the Tribal Councilmembers. Rebecca Francis was elected to the Tribal Council at the Pleasant Point Reserv2tion. Our apologies to Councilvvol11Gl.n Francis for this omission. At this time The haine Indian Newsletter extends CONGRATULl�IONS to you. SIOUX �VARBONNETS ON ,JORLD F IR �JAY 'i10 12 Sioux warbonnets are to be featured at the un·ted States Indian at the 1967 orld ' s Fair in Montreal, Canada. The United S tates Information Service recently bought the warbonnets to form a canopy over the rest of the Indian exhibit. The warbonnets, which ranee �rom nine to 15 feet, are wade of white turkey feathers dyed_ black at the tips. Except for the substitution of turkey feathers for eagle feathers, the bonnets are authenic (sic) in detail. The Joe New Holy family of the Pine Ridge reservation trimilled and matched the feathers for the bonnets. The New Holys did much of the beading on the bonnets, too. of the bonnets took place at the Tipi Shop Remaining constr:.:".�: ::..t=Jl in the Sioux Indian Museum and Craft Center at Rapid City. ( Rosebud Sioux Herald, Rosebud, South Dakota, 12/19/66.) oxhjhft * * • * * * * * * • 103rd Legisl�ture The 103rd Legislative session will soon be taking place in Augusta. Upon investigation the Newsletter learned that during the last session (Continued on Page 12) �(3) E D I T 0 R I A L S THE l\ AINE INDIAN NE EDITOR .. iSLETTER THOf. PSON (Penobscot) EUGE1IA T. The Maine Indian Newsletter is Maine's only state-wide Indian newsmedia. News and stor_ies may be sublllitted to the Newsletter by the 15th of each month for publication at the following adJress: Pine Street Freeport, Maine, 04032 (Telephone: 865-4253) Letters to the Editor are welcome but must conforw to the rules required by every newspaper. They must bear the writer's correct name and address although pen names are I·eraitteu at the discretion of the Editor. All letters mu�t be signed though na1es will be· withheld from publication on request. Preference will be given to letters not over 350 words in length. Letters are subject to correction of gra;nmer or obvious errors, and are subject to condensation or editing when space limitations require. • • • • • • • * • • • The Newsletter received a very interesting letter from a man in Portsmouth N. H . During early colonial times it seehls the uriter's 5th great gnandmother was an Indian girl coaing from a tribe somewhere· north of Dover N. H. but probably not into Canada. Her married name was Nute or possibly Newte. Later on her brother came to live with the f am.i..ly. The spelling may be incorrect but his name was pronounced Barkus. The writer is interested in finding out pomething about her or atleast about the possible tribe from 1hich his ancestor originated. The period in which she lived is popularly known as the French and Indian War Feriod. If any of our readers have any information on this or have any ideas which they would like to share with. us, ·we will be glad to forward it on to Mr. Gallagher. • •• Every few days the Newsletter receives a lett2r from an individual library who wishes to receive the first two or three issues of the Ne�§].�. We are trying to meet these requests but are down to the bare minimum which vie must keep for our files. Those of you who have requested these back issues and have not yet received them can rest assured you will hear from us in the near future coneerning them. If we can not supply these issues we will still let you know. or a LETTERS Dear Editor: After reading your October edition of tl,e Newsletter, I cane across (Continued on Page 4) �(4) ( Letters, Continued from Page 3) an article concerning the Indians in Houlton who are living on the Flat. The Correspondent Morris Brooks was given the wrong in forwation by Mr. Leo Tomah and Mr. ?olchies. I know, I was born in Houlton, in fact born on the Flat and always lived in comfort. We are not from the hie Hae tribe as stated-, the only die 11ac I Indians in Houlton are the out casts that are driven out from their own reservations and they were never accepted on the Flat because of their bad conduct. �y father's family were the first Indians on the Flat, they moved over from Canada since 1912 and they have all passed away. Just a few years ago my sister and I moved frou the Flat , she was the only Indian who had � bathroom in her home and ny aunt who lived ·cross fro� her. To me, the Flat as they called it, is really Bridge Stre�t. and we left behind many hap]y memories. Yours truly, Mrs. Theresa Paul Old Town, e. • *** Dear Editor: t vJe were delighted to hear of your tvork with the iJ. I IE nmI1 N NE,VSLETTER and VJould like to receive copies of it as they come off the press. Enclosed is our contribution of $1.00 to help defray some of your expenses in a small way. Earlier this year, we became interested in the work of John Chris­ topher Hartwick, a Lutheran Pastor, ho served so..·e of the tribes around Otsego Lake and Coopersto •n about 200 years ago. In his will he provided. for the establishr ent of liart.1ick Seutina.cy on the �rnst bank o f the Susquehanna River in t�e Town of liart�1ick, just south of Coopers­ I am wondering whether you way have had any articles in previous to�n. issues.concerning tribes and missionaries who lived and worked in what is upper and central New York state. While teaching history several years ago, I learned tlia t Saqison Occum, an Indian scholar from Connecticut who raised sub stantial funds which were later used for founding Dartmouth College, 1oved to the Adirondacks as a result of his disappointment when t he school he .As far as I know, no trace labored for was not built in eonnecticut. was ever found of his grave, or last place of residence. Congratulations and best �ishes for your new venture. Sincerely, Bernard C. Wojan 1 West Hartford, Conn · • ••• Editor: I re�d the Maine Indian Newsletter for the fir�t ti�e and found -· -it very interesting. Icarne to f-;aine Aug. 30 and �ever thought there were any Indian tribes here. I met Viola Dana (You ran an article on her last month. ) and she told me what trib.es were here in r1aine. I ' m interested in working w�th Indians and I have hlet many people from dif­ ferent tribes here at the Center. I am a 0innebago India� from Wi�consin. My vocation here in the Job Corps is library assistant and when I graduate fro� that course in (Continued on page 14) Dea.r �(5) FULL INDIAN RECEPTION GIVEN THREE-WAR VET by Clayton Beal PERRY - Fourteen years before he was given the right to vote in a national election and less than two years after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, Sabatis Mitchell, a proud American Indian, was serving in the United States Navy. Today he is back home on the Ple asant Point Passamaquoddy Indian Reser­ vation here, where he was given a surprise welcome home party night by his fellow Indians in full tribal regalia. 20 "Mitch", as his Air Force buddies called him, retired November 30 after years of active milit ary service which concluded with a year in Viet Nam, after service during the Korean conflict and in World War II. As he bounced his seven-month-old son on his knee, Mitchell d escribed · the war in Viet Nam as la war without lines - one where it is too often He is deterntine(l� difficult to say where tomorrow's battle might be fought.11 however, that the war must be "WOn. Pleasant Point has a long history of contributing manpower for America. A monumen t aean«tJ. today on the bank of Passamaquoddy Bay here erected by 40 the Daughters of the American RevoluttQa.honoring some Indians who fought for America, their homeland, during the Revoluntionary War. Those presently serving in the military from "The Point" include such men as Harry Tinker, James Moor e, Richard Socobasin, Francis Nicholas, Melvin Soctomah, Louis Homan, Peter Bailey, Jr., Howard Dana, and John Mitchell. Four are nearing the 20-year service mark. Like many of his Indian brothers who became admired and liked by their fellow qervjcemen for their "peculiar" heritage of unwritten language, religion and hablt s, Mitchell recalled that he had been called upon many times to pe1·l\n·m the many dances which his f orefathers portrayed long before the white man came to power on the North Am erican continent. As the familiar Indian drums beat out a dance rhythm during the surprise party, Mitchell took advantage of the opportunity to show his friends that he can stil l set a fierce dnnee pace, brogans and all. During the evening's activities, \\hich were highlighted by a colorful Indian dance team, Mrs. Mitchell and son Sabatis, Jr., also "cut th e rug." Fr. Paul Pare, of Saint Anne's Catholic Church of Pleasant Point, shed his traditional garb and donned Indian headdress to show the smiling Passama­ quoddies how really simple it all is. Immediately following the brief performance, which left him panting, Fr. Pare was adopted into the tribe as a fellow dancer. Joseph Nicholas, of the tribal governor's counc il, served as master of ceremonies and welcomed the veteran back to the reservation. Mitch, however, revealed that his a.lln is to secure as quickly as possible a civil service position at one of the ma.rwgovernment installations in Maine. ( From the Bangor Daily News, 12/9/66) BUFFY STRIVES FOR TRUE IMAGE Cree folksinger Buffy Saint-Marie wants the white man to put some truth Indian. 11I'm insulted as an Indian and children have to read lies in history texts, 11 she said in Vancouver where she gave a concert "Children must be raised t'.) realize nations as well as individual s make mistakes," the Saskatchewan-born singer said, "and it's time to correct those mistakes. 11 Miss Sainte-Marie said films, advertising and comics all portray the North Indian as "a _character. 11 "They think the Indian lost to superior �dds in fair fights, 11 said, 11when in fact he was b eaten by broken treaties." From In:iian Record, Winnipeg, Canada, December 1966) in his history 0f the North American appalled as an American that Indian • • • American ( she �(6) INFOR1"1ATION OBTAINED FROM BACONE COLLEGE Bacone is a privately operated junior colle ge having no connection with the goverr.ment or tax support. Most of the operating income of Bacone is derived from the gifts of individuals, churches and organizations. American Baptists comprise the largest group of contributors to Bacone, thqugh other organizations also help the school, including the Daughters of the American Revolution. Bacone College is incorpcrated under the laws of the State of Oklahoma. It is a junior college cffering courses with a liberal arts emphasis leading to the Associate in Arts degree. Many s tudents come to Bacone from Indian reservations and definite Indian areas of the United States. are td a t tend college. Most of these require scholarship help if they Bacone has a unique Work Scholarship program, made possible by the contributions of churches, organizations and indivi duals, whic h enables these students to earn all by $35.00 of their room and board costs per semester. Tuition and fees for full time students are per semester. $150.00 Students needing addi t ional financial assistance may apply f or grants-in-aid made possible by scholarship gifts to the colle ge. Defense Student loans are also available. National Bacone is accredited by the North Central Association of Golleges and Secondary Schools and by the Oklahoma State Regents for Higher Education. A new nurse training program enables nursing students to attend Bacone for in co a 24-month period of c lassroom instruction and hospital experience tion with the Muskogee General Hospital . They are the n qualified for ( ) era­ their R.N. certification and the Associate in Arts degree from Bacone. Bacone serves both Indian and non-Indian students; however, ship funds are awarded to Indian students. of 40 all scholar­ Ind ian students represent upwards 1964 enrollment was 550 students from 29 states. 1880, primarily for the education of A merican different tribes. Bacone was founded in Indian youth. It is the oldest institution of higher educati on in the state of Oklahoma. Bacone is lccated in Muskogee, approxima tely persons. 40,000 Oklahoma, a city of For further information, persons may write: President, Bacone College, Bacone, Oklahoma ( From 7 4420. Bacone College Annual Bulletin, 1966-1967) PIMA INDIAN HOUSING PROGRAlv'f NEARS COMPLETION The thirteen participants in Sacaton ( Arizona ) who are in the Mutual Self-Help Housing Program are very near to completion of their houses. unbelievable to see. It is A modern home and w ith its modern appliances, the privacy, sanitation, and above all the feeling f owning a home providing shelter for their children. truly be proud. A home that children in t hese modern times can So may we point out as this project is about to be comple ted that within the very near future, there will be an open house and the date of this occasion will b e annouced. ( From the Gila River ( Pima ) . News, N vember, 1966. Sacaton is one of the Indian communities on th e Gila River Reservation, south of Phoenix, Ariz. �Ed. PlMAS REVERSE TRADITION SCOTTSDAIE, ARIZ. (AP) - In a reversal of the first Thanksgiving in this of nation, the white man will sit down Thursday as guest dale. Pima Indians have invited officials of Phoenix and nearby cities to Indians near Scotts­ share their Thanksgiving feast on the Salt River Indian Reservation. ( From the Lewiston�Auburn Journal, 11/21/?6) ) �(7) INDIANS AND AMERICAN S)CIETY American Indians have contributed much to American political ideals. Federalism, the view of leaders as servants of the people, and respect for diversity are all part of the Indian tradition. In other ways, however, this tradition is distinctive. While Indian cultures differ, certain common threads have continued - even strengthened through 400 years of interaction w ith the European tradition. Acquisition and exploitation of their la nds continue to distress Indians, who live in oneness with nature an d believe that the earth is their mother. place great val ue on hard work or e fficiency. Many do not Cooperation rather than compet­ ition appeals to them. D is�tion of their cultures and destruction of traditional bases of their economies have made.the half-million Indians perhaps the poorest group in America today. cars or in the open. They suf fer from inadequate housing, some sleeping in gutted Most efforts to help them have been based on the goals of t he dominant culture and have only deepened their problems Caught between two competing views of the world, young IndiAns suffer • • • • feelings of conflict and in feriority and adjust poorly to American society's demands,, first in school and later in employment. Indian parents are rarely given any responsibility for policy or curriculum in the schools their children attend. Language is a barrier for many children starting school. • • • Since colonial times, members of the Society of Frien ds have campaigned for just and sympathetic treatment of Irrlians. The .American Friends Service Committee has been work ing with .American Indian s since -working with Indians in Arizona, Washi.ngton and Montana. (Frem an 1948, and is currently Colorado, Minnesota, California, Maine, AFSC Bulletin, Septenber, 1966) INDIAN DONATES KIDNEY 'IO AILING YOUTH ... CHICAGO (UPI) Richard Redhorse and John Dickinson under n ormal cµ-cum­ stances would not share much in cormnon. Redhorse, is a Sioux Indian who was born on a reservation in South lakota. honor s tudent from Crown Point, Indiana. 35, , 15,, Dickin se n is a high school But because circumstances in their lives were not normal, today they share a bond only a few persons in the world share. Early this year, .doctors told John's parents that he suffered from nephritis, a chronic kidney disease. J�hn q�gan taking artificial kidney treat­ ments but his condition worsened. When his 'kidneys could no longer rid his body o f the poisonous wastes that ae�umulated, doctors· said John would have to have a new kidney or he would die. No one the Dickinsons knew, nor any relative, was medically suitable as a donor for John's particular Type O blood. He began lapsing into comas and the situation became urgent. His parents, in desperation, placed an advertisement in the Chicago Tribune asking for a k idney donor. Redhorse read the a dvert.isement. He remembered his baby sister, who died in because she needed a new kidney and couldn't g et one in time. "I said to myself that someday there might be somebody who needed a kidney to go on living, and I wuld help them, 11 Redhorse s aid He telephoned the Dickinsons and volunteered one of his kidneys. ransplant was performed last week and was successful. Today John's n� kidfiey was "functio ning beautifully, 11 according to doctors. He appeared healthier than he had in months, his parents said. 1962 . �� � �� "'What Redhorse did is really beyond the call of duty for any human being," of the doctors said. ( From the Portland Express, 11/28/66) �(8 ) PASSAMArUODDY VISITOR TO BE HOSTESS ON HOLIDAY BRUNSWICK - Thanksgiving dinner with the Indians - the Passamaquoddy of Pleasant Point, Maine - will be a unique experience for the family of Mr. and Mrs. Edward Born this week, as they travel northward to the home of Deanna Francis and her family. Deanna, who wants to go to college, has left her reservation for a year of work and post-graduate study at Brunswick High This will be the first time her "two" School, and she lives with the Borns. families, the Borns and the Francis, will be getting together around a big Thanksgiving dinner complete with turkey and all the trimmings - but not the porpoise meat that Deanna says she would frankly prefer. "We go out in a two-man canoe with a shotgun and a. spear,11 Deanna reminisces, "And you have to shoot the head so as not to ruin the meat. is a black meat and you eat it broiled or fried. It It's better than steak, I'd say," and she has forewarned her mother that the Borns would like a sampling of porpoise - so some is being planned for later in the Thanksgiving weekend. Deanna's feelings about her reservation and her people are very strong. She is immensely proud of her tribe - their closeness with one another, their efforts to preserve their unique culture, their natural abilities - but the story she tells of life on Pleasant Point is the story practically every American Indian tells, one of steady, unremitting injustice and deprivation .... "There were eight of us.that started high school in Eastport together," she recalls, "but we had no counseling and we didn't know what we wanted t<? do with ourselves. We had always gone to Indian schopls on the reservation and it was hard to mix in when we started school. the reservation. years old. We never knew people off In fact, I spoke only Passamaquoddy until I was eight So we were put into the commercial courses at school, and advised against trying for the college course because we were told we couldn't make the grades." "How did they know that?" Deanna wants to know, "If we had never been given a chance to try, how could they say we couldn't make the grades?" Of the eight who started in the commercial course, only the four girls finished. One boy went back as a policeman on the reservation - this, with­ out even a high school education - and the other three scattered. "All the Indians celebrate Thanksgiving," says Deanna. "No matter where they are they try to get home, and families spend Thanksgiving together. Everybody goes to church, to have an early dinner, between 8 a.m. mass on the reservation, and then we 12 and 2. Then there's always a big celebra­ tion, a big dance, and everybody goes, not just the teen-agers." The reservation, .though, is a fairly bleak place, almost totally with­ out trees or gardens. any kind. The houses are small, and most lack indoor plumbing of The language commonly spoken there is Passamaquoddy, which is not now a written language, and the children go to a school run for them by nuns. During the summer the people work at a fertilizer plant, in small factories, or in the one woolen mill; in the winter they work in the woods or, as now, make Christmas wreaths for shipment south. among the Indians; Maine, Employment is the great problem there is little employm�nt for anyone in that section of but almost none at all for those who have no education, are untrained, or are discriminated against as a minority group. Deanna Francis' family is pleased that she has taken the initiative and left the reservation, for they know that she wants to come back. to major in physical education-- a continuation, perhaps, She hopes of the Indians' leg· endary skill in athletics and games--and come back to Pleasant Point to start a physical education program for the people there. "I don't want to be a secretary," Deanna says,_"although (Continued on Pag� 9) , · 1 was accepted �(9) PASSAMAQUODDY VISITOR •••• ( Continued from Page 8) at Husson College this year to take their executive secretary course. want to go away to college, a chance on me." I and now I'm looking for a college that will take To prepare herself, Deanna is studying algebra, French, and college English at BHS. economics, last summer she worked as a teachersf aide in the Head Start program in Topsham, but this summer, if she can, she hopes to go to the University of Maine and pick up some more credits toward regular college enrollin.ent. 110nly the young can ever get away,11 she s ays practically, "And there's nothing down there for them anyway. But now I think the people are going to do something - they're trying, anyway.11 EAGLE MASK: A WEST COAST INDIAN TALE ( Written The $3.00) and illsutrated by James Houston, Harcourt, Brace & World, 63 pp, author, whose first book, Tikta'liktak, won the Canacl"ian Library Association's award for the best English-language book of 196 5, has for many His years lived and traveled in the Canadian Arctic and the Northwest. Indians is basic enough to keep the cultural knowledge of the West Coast details of his story from being obtrusive; his quiet writing has a simplicity that is eminently appropriate for the rich and dignified living patterns of the Eagle clan. Tested for Skemshan, his protagonist, is a young prince of the clan. his courage, he goes for the first time on a sea hunt, then is initiated Ages 10-12. into rull manhood with a splendid potlatch. From the Saturday Review of literature, 11/12/66) ( MALECITE INDIAN GRADUATE The September, 1966, edition of Americans Before Columbus, Denver, Colorado, reported on the graduation from the University of Maine of Mr. Harold Tomah Mr. Tomah received a Bachelor of Science in Education. (Malecite). Information reaching the Ne�Pletter indicates that Mr. Tomah t.eaching in the Wells, Maine, High School. INDIAN CRAFTS APPRECIATED ( Continued from the November Newsletter is presently ) Archaeological discoveries show that Indian jew�lry dates back over a thousand years in the Southwest. Much of the early jewelry was made from shell, bone and brightly colored stones. Turquoise was obtained for the jewelry from mines in Arizona and New Mexico, and shells were traded for by tribes on the West Coast. It was not until the coming of the Spanish that the Indians first learned the art of ��rking with silver. Early Indian silver was worked from cpanish and Mexican coins. Navajo, Zuni and Pueblo jewelry now shows distinctive qualities of its own, as the tribes have adapted culture and environment into their jewelry. The Navajos are known for their sandstone casting; the Zunis p rimarily for their inlay work. Pueblos, but there a re their jewelry. some Very little silver work is done by the families who have distinguished themselves for ( Continued on Page 10) �(10) INDIAN CRAFTS (Continued from Page 9) • · · • • • Although the Taos Indians are known as farming people, two tribesmen, Bobby Lujan· and Alfred ·Lujan, have produced a limited supply of jewelry. · The Taos inen have developed originality in their work and their jewelry is ahn.r­ acterized. by a more modern flair. Ih�ia� pottery, until.very recently, was becoming scarce. However, through the· efforts of Maria Martinez of San Ildefonso, pottery once more has become popular . Now, many tribes which previously stopped producing pottery are reviving the old techniques and producing fine work. Weaving, on the other hand, is not as wide-spre�d among the tribes as other crafts.· ·:The Navajos are the exclusive weavers in New Mexico, having begun to weave after the arrival of the early Spanish colonists. The first products of the Navajo looms were natur8.1. grey and white blan­ kets, ponchos and serapes. With an adverse influence from white traders, the Indians began to dye their products artificial�y, producing bright, gaudy colors. The flashy rugs and poncho� at first were very popular with an undiscriminating public; however, through the efforts of traders and con­ scientious persons, the Navajos gradually began to make use of na ural dyes and colors once again. (From the Nava.jo Times, 10/20/66) IMPORTANT ANNOUNCEMENT NBC-TV plans a "Project 20" presentation, scheduled for showing on March 16th, on American Indians. Entitled 11End of the Trail,11 this special program will include some'-rare photos of American Indians collected in a three­ yenr $earch. (From 1Y. Guid_g, n re111ber 10-16, 1966) Being part couidn 't = • · . .. . . . ... . .. . . . . . . ·• . •• • • ........ . ' . ·• • • " •· ,,_,#f�!;�{�:. -;� �.�'.:�tJ;i,�··;��;�{·.· • <��7 0.S,:0 fJ: "· ! � �:�nl · :n� � � : · · ; · . . .. . • . . . . . . .. . . ... . . ... .... ... . ......... . ........ . .. .. .. ....... .. .. ... · , Indian, I just bring mys elf to ; :n3'm�:�e�;: in , � n !(i , . .. �, ;.t·./: California. � �Instead, I found u h, i u 'h'·-'' . 1 · � .�.. -�base . I carried around its the dirt off / �and distributed it under �<. ther bushes. Then I � s:traightened the bush, and its� branches completely cov.ered the excavation. You : could have walked within three ;feet of that foxhole and not )<nown it was there. When our'· com--� �mander inspected the area, he �said, "Sergeant, I don't see �enough for the �ber of en here. 11 I proudly ex-� fplained why he "Oh, let tem stay for. a while. couldn't see � imine. He beamed Wha:t possible harm can they do?" . ,................................,, ....,.,,,,.. ,t o show it to him. , , , , and asked me and nev9r In a very un--Indi.an manner, I turned over every bn sh wj +.bin J 00 yards four.cl it! EFrom the Readers Digest, JP.nu�ry·l9�7). ! · ·. . . -·.-, :· "- ·' · . . • • J:.-1 -·-- - ---- ·--· � -- • ·--- :���-!ir��:nh<>le o foxholes m - mnn- = •• ... """ .. . . . ... . .. . .. .. . . . . . . . .. .. . . .. . . .. . . . . .. � ..... . . - �(11) ( At this time of year; �hen High School Seniors should be making plans to con­ tinue their education, the Newslet ter would like to rep rint the following infor­ mation regarding the State ts Indian scholarship programs. - Ed. ) UNIVERSITY OF MAINE Five full tuition scholarships are available each year to members of the Passamaquoddy or Penobscot Tribes. Applications for these s cholarships or more information about them can be obtained from the Office of Student Aid, on the University of Maine campus in Orono. In addition, there are many other programs of financial assistance administered by the Student Aid office which will allow any student, Indian or non�Indian, to obtain almost complete financing of the cos t of a University education, based on personal need. These Indi an tuition scholarships, which have been available since 1934, 'are listed �r. Page 19 of the University's Financial Aid Bulletin for 1966-68. STATE COLLEGES AND SCHOOLS The minutes of the May 27, 1966, meeting of the State Board of contain the following paragraph: 11It was moved by Mr. Bailey, seconded by Dean Mardner, and voted-that the Board 6ffer free tuition, fees and, if available, room and board, for one Maine Indian student at each of the five s tate colleges, each of the vocational­ technical institutes, and each of the Schools of Pract� cal Nursing, and that free tujtion be offered to .as many qual­ ified Maine Indians as are accepted for enrollment." Ednl'!nJ,j •>rJ, The schools involved are: Aroostook State College ( Presque Isle ) , Farming ton State C oll ege (Farmington), Fort Ken t State College ( Fort Kent ) , Gorham 3�ata College (Gorham), Washington State College (Machias ) , Central Maine V-T Institute ( Auburn ) , Eastern Maine V-T Institute (Bangor), Northern Maine V-T Ins titute ( Presque Isle ) , Southern Maine·V-T Institute ( South Pc.,rtland ) , and Maine Schoolsof Prac tical Nursing ( Portland, Presque Isle and Waterville) . Further information can be obtained from the various schoo�s. Information just reaching the Newsletter indicates that the State Board of Education recently voted "unanim011sly to amend and clarify its original scholarship policy for our Indian youth" to provide one fl,lli s cholarship each year to qualified students at each of our vocational-technical institutes and state colleges. In this way, rn.•we than one Indian student can be in attendance ( on scholarship ) at each institution each year. · THE FIRST AMERICAN IS LAST American Indians have received on the average ·only five years of schooling an::l have a dropout rate today exceeding 50 per cent� They learn virtually nothing about the postive aspects of Indian historY., an d grow up hna ble to cope well with either reservation life or life in the white ma n ts world. These were am•ng the charges made at a conf e re n ce last month of the education committee of t.he Association on American Indian Affairs. While a majority of Indian children attend public s chools, a large per­ centage are shipped off by the Bureau of Indian A ffairs (BIA) to .federally-run boarding sch o o ls, of ten hundreds of miles from heme. These schools were attacked mos t severely at the conference as harmful to the youngsters' education a.rx:l 'to their mental health. Carl L. Marburger, new chief of education at the BIA, declared that he is trying to change the policy and bring more children back to day schools on the reservation. ( From Saturd ay Review, 12/17/66) �(12) (Continued from page 2) (103rd Legislature) 19 Indian bills were introduced and referred to 7 different co.mmittees for hearings. Thus up to 7 trips were necessary for Indians and other persons interested in these bills to be present in kuguuta for the&e hearings. We haven't learned whether there will be a change now that we have the new Department of Indian Affairs but we were told by the Commissioner of Indian Affairs in hugu_ta thut he has talked �ith State legislators and legislators-elect on the scheduling of Indian bil�s in the forthcoming session. One of his concerns was this very problem. Desirable changes may of necessity be slow in coming, but at least we have a Department finally that is working only with Indian interests and problems and not concerning itself w�th so many areas that the Indians become only one more division to be ad.Jinistered as one would a welfare agency, as when the .In ians fell under Health and 1/elfare. I am not implying that Health and ,�elfare did not do anything for the Indians, but only that much more should be forth coming from the new Department of Indian Affairs. The Newsletter realizes, though, that what the Department can accomplish is in large part controlled by the Legislative fingers holding the �u�se strings. So, ·�nally it is these legislators who will decide what progress will be made by the Indians here in f·mine. The better they are inf armed of IV hat the problei'Jl.6 are and what can be done to help the situation the better able they will be to vote intelJigently on any Indian question they are faced 1ith. The Indians are not a special interest group; They are citizens who have contributed a great deal to this State over the years &nd who have often come up uncomplaining on the short end of a bargain, ·1hen lands have been taken, .1hen restrictions have been placed on them and when Trust Funds have been �ithheld from them 1ith no adeqQ.te reasons given. During the forthcoming Legislative session fhe l�ine Indian Newsletter will keep you informed of legislative nerys regarding Indian matters. ind, V!here it is possible we will let you know how some of the legislat rs feel regarding the Indian bills. • • • • • • • • * • BIA HIGHLIGHTS From the Rosebud Sioux Herald (12/19/66) re gleaned the following highlights of the Bureau of Indian Affairs, an agency of the Federal Government,. SISSETON- .j,.i.J:1!=:.�:T01 RI:· E�VATION, S. D., Jan. 13-- Herter' s Inc. of fllinne­ sota has announced plans to produce 12-gauge shotgun shells here. It is expected to employ 40 men in a t1�0-shift operation. Three new buildings aill be constructed at a cost of �130, 000. *** CREEK NA'l1ION, O.R:la. , Jan. 13 -- 1-:iore than tvrn million acres ceded to the U.S. on August 7, 1856 had been valued at �1.00 an acre at that time. ·The Indian Claims CoromiBsion decl8rcd recently, however, that the U.S. only paid �l milJ�on and still owes another �l million. *** CATTARAGuS RESERVATION, N.Y., Jan. 13 -- The first Seneca Corporation has laid out plans for a pillow factory here to eventually hire 300 Indians. The Seneca Nation invested ��800,000 and expects to solve reservation ·(Continued on Page 13) ur.f�ployment. SENECA �( 13 ) ( BIA Highlights , Continued from Page 12 ) I HITE l"i0UNTAIN APAC HE R"SSERVATIO�, Ariz. , Jan. 13 This reservation is still abuzz over having one of its trees lit up at the �hite House in �·Jashington, D . C. - - * ** 'HNSLmv , Ariz. , Jan. 13 Ab out 30 Nava jos began training here under the BVD Company of New York C�ty. If the training is successful, the company has indicated it will start a plant near here. - - *** COCHITI P UEBLO , N . M. , Jan. 13 A $ 50 Hillian, earth - filled dc..m has been approved by this pueblo. It will be built on the Rio Grande River and cover 5 . 3 miles, while flooding 4 , 000 acres o f Indian land. About � 1 45 , 000 was granted to the Indians for easement . Known as the Cochiti Dam, it will be the second biggest o f its • •• kind west of the Mississippi. - - * • NE# * • * • • * * • * TRAINING COURSES The Maine Employment Security Commission announced three new training courses madeav�ilable through the Manpower Devel opment and Training Act (HDTA) in November . These are Nurse Aide , Genera l O f fice Clerk ( refresher), Sheet Metal Installer. More infor@ation on these (and other) training and employment programs can be obtained from the nearest o f fice of the Maine Employment Security Commission. * * • • * * * • * * * WATER HOOKUP CONPLETED Pleasant Point- Housing O f ficer, Tony Kaliss reports that the water hookup at the P leasant Point Reservation is completed , with the exceptmon of a few minor details. 18 families were to be hooked up. Two turned out to be already hooke·d up ; two were too far from the main lines, thus making the ditch digging costs prohibitive ; and one person �as unable to make any contrib ution toward the cost of being hooked up ; the rest however have been hooked up and now have running water. Several families on their own have installed hot water heaters and at least one farnily has installed all the necessary pluiub ing for a toilet. The Newsletter is pleased with these results and ho�es it 0ill not be lon g� th e f u 1- n re be fore these other fami lies can h ave running \vater. * * • • • * * • * * * Mr. VineDeloria, Executive Secretary o f the National Congress o f Ameri­ can Indians ( NCAI) , in Denver Co lorado, is interested in the possibi lity of NCAI being able to of fer f uture · techn i cal assi s t ance to .Maine ' s Tribes in econ orn� c development o f the Reserva t � ons, end p l ans to contact Tribal o f f i c iR l s s ome t i m e next Spring. �( 14 ) ( Le t t e r s , C o n t in u e d I Ap r i l , I wish your Wisc onsin will 4) f r om F a ge plan o n g o in g h ome pape r and the o r gani z e s tart best of a pape r c o l l e ge luck like and in I t h e I: i .:: in e Lily the hope ha i n e FARS . J B LL THE L! ST 5, Indians The on c e B ut Our V a l le y ) they c ame se t t le d i d r e t urn Liv e rill o r e , t he ir natural dis t ru s t to have c ould left c ome After t he t he and to t he F r e n c h a n d I n d i an s . As i n C an a d a . t he r e w e r e b e fore most I ndians of t hem l e f t first were un f r i e nd l y . so whi t e up But He li v e here he o v e r c ame e v e n �as s a i d any I ndians disease se t tl e r s the river , I nd i a n s to t ha t to 0 h e n D e a c on Liv e rwo r e going b y fire . I n d ian w a r s , the 500 our V alley neve r At unlocked �h e n Liv e r m o r e o n l y ab o u t le f t ye ar . t he y v i s i t e d h i m r e gu la r l y . sleep by his A n a s ag un t i c o o ks m ov e d c o u s in s each h i s ki t c h e n d o o r in o f Valley H e le n C a l d v e l l C u s hman gr e a t A n a s agun t i c o oks a gai n . to of in Le w i s * * * * * * * * * • ·· · · · · · · · · · ( Pa r t I n d i ans I n d i an Ne w s l e t t e r . F oland S pr ing , By fall . the d e c iilla t e tl man y of up o n them t he in the b orde r nudb e r t e r r i t o ry , j oining t h e i r are a . and the t he ir w a s pe rmane n t ly s e t t l e d le f t c r oss had e n c r oache d It l iv e 177 9 , ab o u t wasn ' t with l ong t he S t . F r an c i s I n d ia n s . Ye t vis i t e d each t he year and h un t e d w a t e r gi n to t h e D e ad In gr ound . the T he r e the l ow e d of pi lgr image s l e r r yme e t i n g B a y . and thence on p a in t , tne a nd down to the the o c e an , A l l m e mb e r s too o ld or They It such the was in herbs 17 96 f ow l w e r e smoke d f or p r e s e rv a t i on s av e d an e w t h e the l as t the trip t o i n b r i gh t war pa i n t friends , a n d s a i d a s a d adie u , the ir an c e s t ors . t h e y abandone d I n d ian these in s o l i t ud e b u r yi n g An d r o s c o ggin p o r t age they to c ar e for a n d pai d to of t he t he to they t omb s . f or on fol­ to of t he ir t he m , a w ar ­ abode They t h e i r whi t e an c e s t e r s . s e a w a s hla d e . final wh o two d i gn i t y o f many o f the those t he f i sh a n d c u r e the in w i n t e r . their c ame , out c a �e t ake b a c k use lives t he i r forever t he c l e an beneath They v i s i t e d S t ill aloof , holy plac e s except a lways to gra v e s gr e a t An a sagun t i c o ok na t i on . of to as we r e t h i ef c e on g r av e s t he the t h e Ke nn e b e c wh i c h c hildren t a sks whi c h ha d that t h is and s q uaws h a d other c ons e c ra t e d f e a t h e r p lumage , ma d e to p i l g r iwaGe ma d e S q uaws s un - d r i e d their friends . o th e r to t h e y ma d e f ar.1 o u s I n d i an tribe f i s h and wat e r c o ll e c t e d a ca p at t r y s t i n g p la c e . the of i n f e rm . do and first furs An d r o s c o g­ a t Iv r r yrue e t i n g B a y . 1e J f t e r all The the T h e y w ould this gr oup r e t urne d The d own c om i n g t o ge t h e r annual vi s i t s . i n C an ad a , c awe They their c e r e mo n i a l d r e s s to be thence rive r . all c ar r y w a t e r a n d r io r . full One sea . Pond and C ob b os s e e c on t e e , to in t he a n d t h e y s old Pond . reached I s la n d known pa r t y d i v i d e d , d own They t o Wa yne s c a t t e r e d par t i e s ge s t ur e s and pad d l e d H i l s on we r e f ow l a t t h e i r b r i l l i an t pr ope r River two t h e i r anc e s t o r s , R iv e r , Le e d s unt i l a l l the t h e y ma d e grav e s sacred l on e their In go r ge o u s survivors of f e v whi t e respe c t s at the c e r t a in ly w i t h h e av y h e a r t s leaving here T h e n in t he and there s unse t , a l on e they pad­ d l e d up t h e And r o s c o gg.in t ow a r d s C n n a da , n e v e r t o r e f urn . For she er d rama t i c pa t h os t h e r e hav e b e e n f e w s u c h s c e n e s i n t he h i s t o r y o f o u r Nat i on . ( C o n t in u e d on Page 15 ) �( 15 ) (The Last Farewell , continued f rom page 14. ) The Indian was certainly right in defending his homeland . It is n ot to our cr edit, this chap ter in history . · The French w e r e al �ys more patient and gentle th&t the English, they treated the Indians as brothers , shared their hardships , intermar ried with the�. The Eng lish were arrogant and presumptuous and cap tured many Indians and so ld them as slaves . No ' wonder there was b loodshed and cruelty. I would like to close this brie f piece about our Va lley Ind·ians with some wise words f rom l'ir . Starbird. "The treatment of the Anasagunticooks by the English was harsh, cruel, perfidious, dishonest . Even then there were roany acts o f kindness and faithfulness on the part of the Indians . H ad the c-0 lonies reciprocated their kindness and the white people treated them \1ith any degree of f a i r ­ neus , thousands of innocent lives , both English and Indian , w ou l d have been spare d the sacrifice. " * * ** * * * * * * * ** * * * * * * * * ( E d . Note : The fol lowing is part 2 o f a UPI series which we r �printed in the September Newsletter . The f inal part will. ap1)ear in the J anua.1· y issue . The Original Americans VISTA 0 9rkers En larging By Jack V . Fox Indian �eservation Program • • • The high desert 1J1as blazing hot in the Arizona sun and the Nava j o sheep and goats had been herded from 3 0 miles around t o rough rock for the once a year dip in disin fectant to rid theru o f ticks and lice. Tugging and hauling away at the sheep were two gir ls v1ho lilight have been debutantes- Sheila i' iarvin of P1teasantville, N . Y . and Linda Elsner of C r ystal Lake , Ill. Twenty yards away , Indian squaws holding their young stared at the white gir ls in astonishment . The gir ls were VISTA ' S- Volunteers in Service to .!�u.erica, a sort o f domestic Peace C orps . They were wrestling the squirfiling sheep toward a smelly trough in an idealistic , naive but hea rt-tu gging attempt to show that the white people want ed to help the nation ' s lar gest Indian tribe up out of a poverty that is as rnuch o f soul as of body. The Nava j o reservati on spreads over a par t of Utah and New t 1exic� but most of its 24 , 000 square miles lies in Northeastern Arizona . C rossing its great plateaus and mesas is a trip as long f rom Boston to Washi n gt on. On it subsist 110 , 000 Nava j os , illost o f them living in Aoga.ns , round or hexagonal shaped buildings o f timbers chinked with mud and over laid with a roo f of sticks and mud or hides . The hogans have dirt f loors , no plu bing and no heating except for an open fire which also serves for cooking. The one coi1llilunity we ll for water may be as far as 20 miles away. Defeat caue to the Nava j os in 1863 at the hands o f C o l . Kit Carson and the U . S . C avalry. They were stripped of guns , horses and their f lo cks of sheep and driven 300 miles on foot to what amounted to a concentration camp at Fort Sulillle r , N.1•1 . l In 1868 , when they were re l <? � 1;1 0 il .q n d pe r m i. t t e d to return to their b a rro n land , only 3-000 n ! m :: d n 0 d . They exist now by raising sheep , goats and some ca t t l � � n d by planting pathetic little patches of corn , beans and squash. A few pf the women make blankets and rugs and sode of the older artisens u1ake the heavy Nava j o silver j evrn lry . But the bracelet the tourist pays $24 for in a curio shop o f f the Indian reservation has (C ontinued on page 16 ) ..• �( 16 ) ( The Original Ame rican Continue d from iage 15 ) be en mark ed u p f rom the �8 paid the .Nava jo silv e r ::: ..1ith. Their av erage pe r capita income is only a f aw hundr e d dollars a y e ar • The 1965 p e r capita }: er..:ional incoi,1e of the av er2.ge A .ierican was $ 2 , 724 . The remoteness of the tribe is almost unbe lievable. Pat Arizas o f Duluth , Minn . , anoth er VISTI volunte e r , recently drove a high chassis Ford Bronco ove r th e trails to Nava jo Mountain not far from the Gr and Canyon. He was the firGt white the Indians had ever se en. The oldest m e mber of th e community, a man in his 8o • s , told Ari zac tDat his fath e r once had told hi� about the white an . In a flat stone building at Fort De fiance that w�s once a 1 ilit ary j ail is the of fice of Peter MacDonald. He is an ex-harine , holde r of a de gre e in electrical engin e ering, a forme r pro j ect engine er for the Hughes Aircr a ft Co. in the development o f guidance sys t e ms for th e P olaris missle . The 37 ye ar-old J. :acDonald is a Nava jo , born in a hoga.n on the r eservation 100 miles horth of Fort De fiance . His nam e prob ab ly was given one of his ancestors by a soldie r who couldn ' t spell the Nav a jo name and donated his own. Macdonald is the director of the Of fice of I avajo :Sconomic Oppor­ tunity . H e reports to Sarge at � river ' s 1� ar on Pove rty ope ra t i on in :,h Washington � He d escribe s . the plight of the N avajo this way : "Conditions on the r eservation have re ached the stage � 1he r e no amount of give away programs, no amount of money , can correct t i e b asic inne r pove rty of the Nava jo. This is poverty of the soul. You s e e it eve rywh e r e and it is be coming especially evident in the young people. It ' s whe n someone says ' to he ll with everything, I ' ve given up' " MacDo�ald' s hope--and he is hope ful--is the education of young Nava jos in colle ges p lus job expe rience off the r eservation with the f undamental condition that they come back a fter a few years to he lp their trib e. H e also is helping· to lure light industry to the re servation . Largely Largely through his e f forts , the Fairchield Co . of San F rancisco , manuf actur e rs of e l ectronic e quipment, e stablished a factory 18 onths ago at S hiprock. It e mploys 400. Fairchiald was attracte d by t h e big available labor marke t and the fact that Indians have exceptional manual hand-to-eye d � xterity in working on tiny devices. A new demon� tration school opened this fall at R o ugh Rock. Financed by the O f fice of Economic Opportunity and headed by Rob e rt Russell on leave from Arizona State Unive rsity, it is on e of the most promising e nd e avors yet unde rtaken for th e Navajos . The de monstration school �Jill concentrate as much on bringing in adult Navajos for training and education as on youngs ters. There is an arts and cra fts department heade d by Ambrose R ori n h o r s e , fame d throughout the reservation for his j ewelry and l e a t her work. Th e Nava j o r e servation proha b ly will ne v e r attnact he avy industry and for one basic r e ason- lack of water • There are no railroads and the near e st e ast-west con t inental - highway is route 66 south of th e r � se rvation . As a tribe they are fairly we althy. They receive approximately $ 1 0 mil lion a ye ar f rom gas and oil royalties. The money is not distributed indiv i d na lly however, but ms used for t r ibal e xpenses including wel f ar e . The re are coll e ge scholarships for ambitious y o u!?-gs t e r s but f e w e v e r r e t urn . • �( 17.) NATIONAL INDIAN ARTS EXHIBITION ANNOUNCED The Scottsdale (Arizona) National Indian Arts Council, Inc . , will pres ent the sixth annu al National Indian Arts Exhibition on March 4th .... 1 2th, 1967, in Scottsdale . Classification cf entrie s under Secticn A (Paintings and S culpture) include Water Based Paintings, Paintings with New Vistas, Student Paintings, Special Student Competitfon, Sculpture, Experimental, and Drawings and Print s . Under Section B ( Crafts) the following classifications have been estab­ lished : Pottery, Textiles ( Constructed), Decorat ed Fabrics, Metals, Basket s , Carvings (other than s culpture ), Beadwork, Special Classif i cation, and Student Craft s . Po etry, Legends, an d Short St�ries have been set a s the c lassificaticns under Section C ( Creative 'Writing) . Entries for Sections A and B must be r eceived not later than Febrnary 1, 1967 . Entries for Section C must b e re ceived not later than January 15 , J 967 . Fonn.s and. mor e ] nformation may be obtained from : Scottsdale Nati onal Indi an Art s Exhi bition P . O . Box .381 Scott sdale, Arizona ( Submitted by a reader ) A DAY FOR THE AMERICAN INDIAN by Hubert H. Humphrey Vice President, The United States of America NEW Our people t s thinking helps determine our country ' s future . As we accurately recognize our national problems, we take a giant step forward. A c ase in point of the need for clear understanding is the "picture " in some people ' s minds · about the ft.merican Indian . Unfortunately, a remnant of a long-past era an image of a monosyllabic In<li au-:l n-war-bonnet widely persi sts. '!'his 11picture11 is unfair and damaging to a half million American citizens . When the French nobleman, Alexi s deTocqueville, vi sited the United States in the 1830 ' s and wrot e his piercing analysis, Demo cracy in America, he commented that the Indians were "a colony of strangers in the midst of numerous pecple. 11 I am pleased to have an· opportunity • • •t o help �iepel scme of the myths and fancie s that, regrettably, keep many American Indians "a colony of strangers " even today. The outmoded image of the American Indian doe s dis­ servi ce to the hundred s of Indian men and women who are leading citizens in our national life as scientists, educators, busine ssmen, industrialist s, artists, entertainers, and lawmakers . An even greater di sservice is done t� the less prominent but not les s important Indian people who live quietly among us i n o ur cities and suburbs, working diligently at jobs , striving to provide good educations for their children, and seeking above all to be a part of growing Ameri ca without having to sacrifice the unique heritage they bring to our varied culture . The Ind ians who still cling to reservation life, wary of the bewildering pace o f the outer connnuni ty and not aspiring to it are probably the ones who are injured mo st by perpetuation of the notion that Indian ways are 1 1 colorful . 1 1 They are too often regarded as a colle ctive national monument, an object o f curious intere st, like the ancient r.e�wood forests or the Grand Canyon . (Continue d on Page 18) - - �( 18 ) ( Con tinued from Page There i s no thing "colorful" about pover ty, 17) racial di s crimination, of preparedne s s for change tha t makes a minorit y fear and mi s tru s t or lack the inevit ­ able progre s sion o f the human race from one pha s e o f cultural and 6ocial accomp­ l i shment to the nex t . These are the shackles tha t tend to bind some 380 , 000 American ci tizens who are t he " re s ervation Indian s" of this decade . Because of such fe t ters , Indian men and women, the record of personal achievement for individua l over the pa s t century, is all the more notewor thy . A de s cendant of O s age and Kaw chiefs wa s Vice Pre siden t of the United S t a tes in the adminis tration of Herber t Hoover . Indians have fre quently held seat s in t he Hou se of Repre sen tatives -- and, indeed, in the 8 9 th Congre s s. there is a Sioux from Sout h Dako ta One of the world's grea te s t ballerinas is an Osage ; Indian ar ti s t s are so numerous that ver ten t ly- - o t hers of e qua l renown. to lis t bu t a few wou ld be to omit and - - inad­ In sport s , Indians have broken world r e c o r s . Indians in the armed services of t he United S tates include heroes who were pri­ va tes and heroes who were general s , es t tribute, De s pi te t he tremendous and glory of t h i s cou n t ry, lookers as and several have ear n e d t h e Congres sional Medal o f Honor. contributions tha t Indians have made to the grow t h mos t of their brethren are s t il l n o more the res t of the nation proceeds than on­ to build a truly Great Socie ty. In the his tory of Federa l - Indian rela tions uing s . the Na t ion's h i gh ­ there have been coun tle s s begin­ Programs and policies imposed in one era have been dis carded in the nex t . Some of the policies have had the be s t intere s t s of Indians at hear t. no t . Some have Bu t, regardle s s of mo t ive s , i t can be said wit h certain ty tha t no real answer s have yet been found people become part of the to this basic ques tion : How can all the Indian total spectrum of American po l i tical, nomic life wit hou t each one having to a s k himself the ques tion : t o be an Indian? " social and ecu­ " To be or not (Con tinued next mont h ) BISHOP VISITS INDIAN ISLAND The Most Reverend Peter L. Gerety, C ')adjutor Bi shop of th e Catholic Di1)cese Por t.l and, made an offi cial visitation at St . Ann ' s Pari sh, Indi an Island, Sund ay ( Decemb er 11th ) . The Bangor Daily News of De cember 12th showed a pic ­ ture of Bi shop Gerety talking with Tribal Governor Francis Ranco , Pastor Rumeo St . Pi e rr e , and Legi slative Repre s entative Jvbn Nelson . of IMPORTANT L �DIAN AFFAIRS BOOK PUBLISHED An il luminating book whi ch pr esent s some challenging ideas concerning Indian problems and Indian a dmini stration has come on the market recently. It is "must " reading for anyone connected with Indian affair s . The book was com­ piled by a blue-ribbon staff under the Commis sion on the Right s, Libertie s and Re sponsibilities of the American Ind ian . It wa s printed by the University of Oklahoma Pre s s under the title of " Th e Indian - Ameri ca ' s Unfinished Busine s s . " This compilation of ideas includ es the thoughts of William A . Brophy f former Commi s s ioner of Indian Affairs ) and Sophie D. Aberle, as major authors . Cthers include W. W. Ke eler, Karl N . Llewellyn, Soia Met s chikoff, Arthur M. S chles!nger, and o. Meridith Wilson . " The Indian - Ameri c a 1 s Unfinished Busine ss" can b e ordered from the Oklahoma Pre s s , University of Cklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, for $5 . 95 per co,y . ( From the Navajo Time s, 12/22/66 ) · The Indi an name for crer.barr�e s was " i-bimi ", meaning "bitter berry. 11 �\ . \i �\ \ \\ � \v \ . \ \1 /1 ; I I I �r I ? ./ ¢itA; :� \'/2' (./\� � ,..:· ��:.//;1\ ·; ,·'11 { / IF YOU WANT - - a free " st art er " sub scripti? .!1 to the Maine Indi an Newsletter ; ...-_ ;;; l''" 111r\ ' �·�- \ ' i;, I> \ .. -" � .\. / I I \ ../ rv '---- // � /, .,, <....__ _. _.. 7 7· 1:'/:1_...-:7 ,..- -�-;;.(jt?lj{_ _/; $jf;W!JI/ . fj \�T � � � \� - news of Indian affairs in �e and around the country; \ . \ - r_J - : · '\· - - .. \: ...:..---- --- to lmow what other --�-- � - .� ,r:�·=· :r·-- ;·\- tL------· \ · �doing, thinking and planning; .. \ L _ ..,, Tribes are >! 'I . �!��:�:� ��s-:j:_. ��: ::� �r h Post Office box I J FILL OUT THE SUBSCRIPrION SLIP BELOW .----FtJ { .... I . AND MAIL IT WITH NO MONEY TO : MAINE INDIAN NEWSLETTER Pine Street Freeport , Maine 04032 (Also send in your suggestidns, c omment s , ideas, letter s , stori es, articles, complaints , jokes, cartoons, news it� , etc ! ! ! ! ) �s I would like a copy of th e Maine Indian Newsletter mailed to me each month : NAME � (P1- se p_ t� ____, -ea _ rin )----------------------------------�------�� � _ -__ MAILING ADDRESS �------�-- (ZIP Code , please ) {Send this slip to Maine Indi an Newsle tter, Pine Str eet , Freeport, Me . 04032) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - �MAINE BULK RATE U.S. POSTAGE 2 7/8¢ PA ID INDIAN NEWSLETTER Pine Street Fr eeport , Maine Freeport, Maine 04032 Permit N? . Colby Col le ge Lib rary Watervi lle , Me . 0490l 33 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Penobscot Description An account of the resource The Penobscot people, who identify closely with the Penobscot River that is their home, have a reservation on Indian Island, near Old Town, Maine. Part of the Wabanaki Confederacy, they were among the tribes that won federal recognition in the 1980 Maine Indian Land Claims Settlement Act. <br /><br />A Penobscot scholar, Joseph Nicolar, was one of the first regional Native people to publish a book: <em>Life and Traditions of the Red Man</em> (1890). Since then, many others have written about their language and culture, including the performing artist Molly Spotted Elk and poet Carol Dana.<br /><br />The Penobscots have a rigorous process for protecting their intellectual property, asking any scholars who are studying or writing about them to communicate with their Cultural Heritage and Preservation Office.<br /><br /><strong>Resources</strong><br /><br />Penobscot Nation <a href="https://www.penobscotnation.org/" target="_blank">website</a><br /><a href="http://www.penobscotculture.com/" target="_blank">Penobscot National Cultural &amp; Historic Preservation Department</a><br /><br /> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <em>Maine Indian Newsletter</em> (Dec. 1966) Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource ssipsis (Thompson, Eugenia) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Colby College Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1966-12 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Julia Brush Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Digital images courtesy of Colby College Library. In making these images available, we also consulted with ssipsis’ daughter, Pam Outdusis Cunningham. Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Document Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource pdf Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DV-473 https://www.dawnlandvoices.org/collections/files/original/45ad4362bef00eeb21c02bd907233c3e.pdf 51bcfd38f855df613e75777451f82780 PDF Text Text 7 ! '� .. ; . � l?: s T 4' VOLUME l, Nl1MBER 4 NOVEMBER l966 COLBY COLLEGE . .l MUSKIE TO FlLE BILL 'l10 H'ELP l'it.AINE IND!ANS (Ed. notes I itltantled to in�l�de this �rtiele in last months issue but the art1clt3 was misplaced until the issue was completed. News items th-is old would n ot usually ba included in the Newsletter, however in this case I felt tha material was of special interest.) PRESS HERALD i3UREAU - WASHINGTON -- Sen. Edmund S. !v1uskie said Thursday that Indians living on st ....te reservations in haine End other Ee.stern states are being shortchanged in the feder�l antipovity program. The senator said he will file legislation next January to cl&rify the status of state reservation Indians under the Econo�11ic Opportunity Law. Although Indians living on federal reservations in the West allowed separate antipovity programs, are i•mskie said those who live on state reservations are not specifically covered by the language of the act and the agency has refused to make them eligible. Muskie protested to Director Sargent Shriver and announced he plans to file a clarifying bill which he said should also serve as &n incentive to the separate tribes of state reservation Indians to iraprove their econom­ ic and social condition�. Nost of the state Indians are located on the Eastern Seaboard, explained, P1,uskie and because of their early tribal treaties with the separate colonies have never been considered automatically eligible for federal­ aid prograLs enjoyed by the �estern Indian tribes. Indians has never been clearly defined, said Muskie, The status of state and as a result, each federal agency has set its own rules for eligibility (Portland,Me.,Press Herald, Friday, Oct.21, INDHN PREDICTS COLD, 1966) for programs. LITTLE SNOW ROCKY bOUNTAIN HOU::iE, Alta. (AP) - The son of Chief Walking Eagle predicts winter's arrival �·1ill be late and when it co,.:es it ·.:ill be cold without much snow. Isaac Beaver, who inherited the prognosticator role at his father's death last year, says he's not old enoulli yet to comrJune with Valking Eagle did to make his predictions with uncanny Beaver depends on observat�ons of aniaals and birds pre�aring the gods as accuracy. for winter. (I'ort:ln.rHi.,r··10_ .!.t·e�s Her3lo, Wcdnesciay, Nov. 2, 1966) �-2VISTA on Indian Reservations: A REASON �OR HOFE "For 100 years the white man has been co ,1ing to 1 help' the Indicm. Now, for the first ti1�1e, he comes to serve." - From a speech by a tribal chief at the graduation of a VISTA training class in Arizona. A young Alerican Indian•- chances to groH into self-reliant, produc­ tive adulthood have been slim. His mortality rate has been high; his If he survived, unedu­ school dropout rate has been a tragic 45 per cent . cated, he has been considered unecployable. He has re�ained in poverty, trapped by lack of opportunity, meager incowe and the nidely held miscon­ ception that he is incapable of thinking and acting for hli1self . Now, for the nation's 500, 000 Indians, there is new reason for hope. Indian communities are developing their own plans for improvement side by side with VIS TA Volunteers . VI0 TA projects are in operation in more than half the country's 79 reservations. Nor are the 120, 000 Indians who do not live on reservations being forgotten. To insure that their needs are understood, Indians themselves participate as key advisors in VISTA Volunteer training. Volunteers spend a month of the concentrated six-week prograw living and working on the reservations, in many cases as guests of Indian families. How much can be accomplished has been proven even during the training period. One group of trainees helped organi2e a com1unity campaign to re-roof a community center. Another involved a community in a cooperative effort campaign that led to a new coat of paint for many of the houses. Still another group used lWllber to build extra roo .. 1s on overcro -,ded houses. Those Volunteers who have com�leted their training and are ITorking in the field live on the reservations as accepted members of the Indian com.wunity. Their assign!"ents are as varied as the tribes they work with. At the same time, they are discovering that they, too� are benefiting from their work with Indians. They are learning tribal languages and culture -someti1;1es rlith unusual results . One tribe welcomed VISTA Volunteers to its reservation uith a celebration that included teaching them the rain dance. Thereafter, it rained steadily for t�o days . It proved to one Volunteer, he said only partly in humor, "what we can do r1hen 1ve all work together. 11 While learning old skills, Volunteers pick up techniques that are sometimes required for modern living: One Volunteer was given the task of delivering the children of an Indian co1J111unity to a VI� TA pre-school program; she has become the accomplished driver of a four-speeJ panel truck. Finally, there has been yet another reward - Indians thewselves are becoming VISTA Volunteers. Following are afew of the VIS TA projects on Indian Reservations. ARIZONA - Gila River Indian Com_1unity Sacaton): Volunteers are assisting, ( through instruction and supervision, in progra�s concerning adult education, home management, law and order, civics, welfare, pre-school and day care activities, recreation, sanitation and truck gardening. Salt River Pima-Maricopa Indian Commnity Tribal Council ( Scottsdale): Volunteers are participating in community work with young people, parent leadership development and the ore;anization of conscructive leisure pnrsuits. (Cont.j nned on page IL�) · �-3E D I T 0 I R A L S TfIE hAINE INDI.!-JIJ NE.�SLETTER EDITOR • T . THOHPSON ( enobscot) P EUGENIA • T he iaine Indian Ne 1:rsletter is !-'Laine' s only state-vvide Indian newsletter, and is free of c harge. News and stories may be submitted to the Newsletter by the 15th of each month for publication at the following address: Pine Street Freeport, Maine, 04032 ( Telephone: 865-4253) Letters to the Editor are welcome but must conform to the rules required by every newspaper. They must bear the writer's correct name and address although pen names are permitted at the discretion of the Editor. All letters must be signed though names will be withheld from publication on request. Preference will be given to letters not over 350 words in length. Letters are subject to correction of grammer or obvious errors, and are subject to condensation or editing when space limitations require. Governor Elect Curtis Aware of Indian Needs The Newsletter was interested in the recent campaigning to see that occasionally a candidate showed awareness of our Maine Indians and their needs. Several times Kenneth�. Curtis, the Governor elect, referred to the Indians of Haine in .hia campaign. speeches. _A.t _one�point Mz; _Curtis.:._ called for "improved education, housing and economic conditions for the Maine Ind:i�ns." Mr. Curtis is aware, I am sure, that this is a generality Rnd does not apply to all of the �aine Indians, nevertheless is is import­ ant that he realizes that many Indians do want a chance to live a better life, and have these needs he has mentioned. \1f hen l,\'ir. Curtis seats himself in the Governor's chair in January, he will be a very busy man; but we hope he will not be so busy that he forgets �11 that he said on the campaign trail. __ .... • • * • • * • .. . ,_ • Name The NE:JSLET :R Contest T It may have been due to the novelty of the Maine Indian Newsletter, or maybe because there have been other newsletters and newspapers relating to the Haine Indians, which have not survived, but v1hen the Newsletter ra'll the Name the Newsletter c.:rntest, we received only three letters with suggestions_for names ; two of which were from Indians. There seemed to be an attitude of "wait and see" if the Newsletter puts out t�1e next issue. T he Newsletter is saving these letters with the sug, ested names and wi 11 ot.::trt running the contest again s·oon. The reason we did not end the (Continued on page 4) �-4( Continued from page 3 ) contect and use one of the names submitted was sihlply that although the suggested names were good, the name we chose will be with us for a long time so we should chose from a wider sellection and thus stand a chance of having a name which will have that "something special" about it. LE T TER S ( The following is a letter from an 11 year oih<l who is looking for a pen pal . -Editor) Dear Sirs: Noveober 6, 1966 Could you arrange for me to have a iialecite, Fenobocot, or Abenaki pen pal? I would be very grateful . I'm a boy, and 11 years old . Thank you very much . Your friend, Lars Nielsen Canaan, New York * * * * * * * * • * ( n the September Newsletter on page 2 and continued on page 14 e ran I a story by Jack V Fox, PI, U reprinted froru the Fortland Press Herald, entitled 11Plight of Host Indians Rated :,forse than Kegro, Other l!inority Groups . " Shortly thereafter we received a letter from the Editor of fhe Amerindian, published in Chicago, from Yfhich we want to quote two paragraphs. First, however, I want to mention that the Newsletter does not pretend to know what is best for the Maine Indian. Several times articles have been included in the Newsletter with which we did not agree but the Newsletter does not want to feel that it must hide these stories from the •laine Indian. It is left to the -enobscot, Passawaquoddy and other interested �arties to read all sides of an issue and then be free to w ke up their own minds . It is for this same reason that we re rint a portion of this letter now . Ed.; Dear Editor: On page 14, it is stated that the relocation program in Chicago has been almost a total failure . This is certainly not the case . The majority of relocatees are doing •,rell, have good jobs, illany are going to night school. The ones who are the problems are also problems at home . I think if you will contact the BIA Field Employment Office in this city, facts and statistics will prove to the contrary and it is unfortunate to have this erroneous information given circulation. In fact, most o the article is in error. For example, there is very little discriwination against Indians I don' t know where the writer got his away from the reservation area . material, but it is entirely out of line . I repeat, it is too bad for arr Indian publicRtjon to give it credence by publishing it Sincerely, �.arian E. Gridley Editor • • • • * * * • * * * • • • * Dear Newsletter: I was surprised and pleased to find in my mail a Newsletter and I want to thank you for sendine me one . I have read it and find it very interesting, informative, and well organized. ( Cont' d on page 15) �(5) ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE JtiviERICAN INDIAN T he REFERENCE EJ.'JCYCLOPEDIA OF THE AMERICAN INDIAN tells the reader at a glance the nature of the Indian-related collections and exhibits of over 600 museums and libraries; gives details on private organizations and government agencies involved in Indian affairs; contains information about monuments and state parks; includes varied coverage of all u. s. reservations and their tribal couricils; contains a listing of related publications of government and private organizations; contains a valuable section of audi -visual instructional aids and sources of authentic Indian crafts; lists U. s. colleges and univer­ sities offering courses on the American Indian; includes listings of over 2,000 related adult and juvenile books, classified by subject, with annotations; a section of biographical sketches of prominent living American Indians, and of non-Indians active in Indian affairs; with a special introduction by Commissioner Robert L. Bennett, recently appointed head of the Bureau of Indian Affairs of the United States Deparbnent of the Interior. The ENCYCLOPEDIA is an absolutely essential tool for anyone interested in any aspect of Indian affairs, for it presents in an easy-to-use and concise format information which is of use not only to the librarian, the sociologist, anthropologist or archaeologist, but also to students and teachers and those involved in curriculum planning at all educational levels; to the many Indian and American history "buffs", and to the professional or amateur researcher in any one of the many subjects to ·which the American Indian is related. The ENCYCLOPEDIA unlocks a wealth of infonnation, some of which previously was unavailable, the balance available only in a myriad number of sourcebooks, pamphlets, directories, bibliographies, newsletters, etc. A staff of research­ ers have worked for over one year to compile this 45C>-page book. The REFERENCE ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE Al�.tER IC AN IND IA N is offered on approval After the first printing is in its limited first printing at only $15.00. For more information, or to order exhausted the price will be $17.50 per copy. a copy of the ENCYCLOPEDIA, contact: B. Klein and Company, 104 Fifth Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10011 (Submitted by a reader) INDIAN CRAFTS APPRECIATED The fascinating world of Indian crafts, now becoming appreciated for its artistic value by the American people, began, cent�ries before the white man came, as a functional and religious necessity. Today, however, many of the hand-made Indian crafts are being collected as pieces of art by an ever more art-conscious society. Americans are collect­ ing basketry, jewelry, pottery, weaving and paintings produced by the American Indian much as it was produced centuries ago. Basketry, according to Brice Sewell, who has devoted many years of his ' life to the preservation of original Indian crafts, is fast becoming a lost art. In years past, the Apache, Pima and Yavapai tribe's were famous for their basket weaving; however, today it is the Papago tribe of southern Arizona which excels in basketry made from devil's claw, yucca and desert grasses. Originally, baskets were made by the Indians to be used in the storage of grain and other food stuffs. Some of the baskets were used also in religious ceremonies. Very few of the young women in the various tribes are learning the art of basket­ ry today. (From the Navajo Times, 10/20/66; Continued next month) A READER explaining to her children that ' -ac" before a name generally meant some one of Scottish descent, while the prefix 11Mc11 generally mear1t Jrifhmen. "Then, rr .. she c ontinued, "there are the llicmacs1 and they're Indian,. 11 -was �(6) McGOVERN ASKS S TATEBENT OF NATIONAL INDIA! POLICY U. S. Benat or George clcGovern (D . - S.D.) t oday intr oduced a r e so l ution in the Sena te cal ling upon t he Congres s to clear ly enuncia t e a new s t atement of Nat iona l Indian Po licy. "I think it is time for us no ·1 to make a serious appr ais a l o f our at titudes and aims for these origina l Americans ,11 �cGovern s aid ... In a major addres s accompanying t he introdu c t ion of the resolution, Mc­ Govern ca l led for ''a renewed effor t to break the chronic grip of pover ty on Indian people.11 nindians as a gr oup,11 McGovern s aid, "are only half as wel l educ a ted a s o ther citizens; have approximately two-thir d s the life expec t ancy, and are receiving between one-four t h and one- t hird as much annual inc ome." The Sena tor no ted that wit h t he pa s s age of the Economic Opportunity Ac t o f 1964, Indians have moved to join the uar on pover ty. Many of the real succe s s s tories of this Har are i)eing writ ten by Indian people. ' McGovern spel led ou t seven charac teris tic s of an ef fective Indian pr ogram: (1) Self -determina tion, (2) Self -help, (3) Consi s t ency, (4) Adequacy, {5) Innova­ tion, (6) Geogr aphic a l orientation, and (7) E f ficiency of oper ation (The f o l l o�ing r emarks are from Sena t or McGovern's Oc tob er 13th speech in t he U. s. Senate.) 11No o t her group of citizens s t and in precisely the s ame rel ation to the Federa l Government as do t he Indians. The unique nature of t his r e l a t ionship is deeply r oo ted in treaties and l aws of the United S t ateG which gives the Fed­ era l Governmen t responsibility for the pro tec tion of Indians and their resources. I t i s f r om t his base that a 1ide r ange o f services - Federal, s t ate and local have devel oped and are direc ted to Indian people for t heir improved wel f are.n "I t is prob ably more than coincidence that t he British, the Colonial, and l a ter t he.Uni ted States Government l ooked upon the Indian tribes as sovere!gn na tions and deal t �'11th them through treaties and diploma tic service. F or a period of time at lea s t , Indian tribes maint ained a numer ic a l superiority over the ear l y set t ler s. The fir s t set t ler s were faced wit h t he t a sk of no t only maint aining a livelihood on a har sh f rontier, b u t in e s t ab l ishing friendly rel ations wit h t he tri· a l groups." i'The se f actor s undoub ted ly inf l uenced our original liber al and permis sive Indian po licy which was embodied in t he Ifor t hwes t Ordinance of 1787: The u tmo s t good f aith shal l always be observed towards t he Indians; their l and and proper ty shal l never be taken from t hem wit hout t heir c onsent; and in their property, rights and l iber ty, t hey shal l never b e invaded or dis turbed, unles s in ju s t and l awfu l war s au t horized by Congres s; bu t laus f ounded in ju s tice and humanity shal l f rom time to time be made f or preventing wrong s done t o them, and f o r pr eserving peace and f r iend ship with them. Bu t a s t he year s pas sed, t he Co l onies grew in to a na t ion and the tal ance of power shifted f r om the Indians t o t he whites, creating a changing pa t tern o f r e l a t ionships between t he two groups . 11 "Thi' s po licy and many o ther s -.·1ere to give way to the l and hunger of t he advancing f rontier smen and o ther requirement s f o r the devel opment of the nation. And f or the maj ority of t he t ribes, the 19th century wa s characterized by mil i t ar y c onf l icts, physical and s o cia l upheaval, excessive disease ang·il lnes s, severe r educt ion in number s, broken promj�es by whi tes and Indians alike and always t he u l tima te defea t from. the end less waves of settl ers who were des tined to o ccupy t his va s t new nat ion." "The cumu l a tive ef fec t s of t hese l ong years of hardships had by 1900 re­ du ced this once proud people from an estimated one mill ion per s on s to 250,000. A l l sembl ance of former tribal government s had l ong since vanished and tr adition­ a l socia l and cultural patterns were undergoing r apid change. The reserva tion (Continued on Page 7) • . . . �(7 ) system and the Indians ' dependence on the Federal 9overnment for livelihood had become a ·way of . life for all but a feH Indians . The roots of the many faceted Indian problem had taken hold; and half a century later stubbornly resist solution . 1. ' (From the Office of Senator George McGovern, 10/lw/66) • • • • OJIBWAY CRAFT CENTER OPENS The recent official opening of the new $50, 000 Craft Center at Curve Lake Indian Reserve, 15 miles to the north of Peterborough, Ontario, marked a major step on the road to greater independence for some 600 Oj ibway Indians . According to Chief Dalton Jacobs, what started as "just an idea11 four years ago has now developed into a thriving business capable of providing an income for many of his people on the reserve . On observing the creative skills of the Indians 't·1hen fashioning headdresses and costumes for their own use, Chief Jacobs and Councillor Clifford Hhetung .felt their people could produce hand-made souvenirs equally as well. From a small beginning, the trade has now nrushroomed to the point where they have established a substanial mar!�et both at home ar.d abroad� principally in Europe, Australia, and southern parts of the United States . The band noH specializes in novelty items, such as feathered headdresses, carved totem poles, and min­ iature canoes . On the practical side, one might purchase hand sewn moccasins,· deerskin wear, baskets and place mats. ·Most of the raH materials required in the production of these articles, such as birch bark, porcupine quills, and hides, are obtained right on the reserve . Business is now being conducted from the new craft center, which . has a 40-foot by 60-foot showroom on the main floor for displaying the handicrafts and a basement for offices, workshops, and storerooms . The building, construc­ ted of logs and fieldstones, was built by local labor and from local materials . On the right of the main entrance to the building stands a 25-foot colorfully painted totem pole . Within, wooden supporting pillars, and even the raiFng uprights on the stairwell leading to the lower level, are carved like totem poles . The expansive interior is finished in natural wood . Although the business is owned by Hr. Whetung and his wife, Eleanor, The the band council signed a resolution to back a substanial loan for them. ne"t·7 industry grosses close to $50, 000 annually and, over the same period, increases the wages of band members to an estimated $16, 000 . Since tpe Indians are sharing in this tlu;iving adventure, Chief Jacots claims that conditions on the reserve have improved to a marked degree . Where poverty was once consid­ ered a plague, particularly during the TrTinter months, and 'tvelfare payments were the norm, both have virtually become a thing of the past . Since the Indians are now working together for the betterment of the reserve as a 't·1hole and them­ selves indiv�dually, there has �een a general uplift in morale . Every able­ bodied person, including the children, are involved in some phase of the craft 1 business . An example of their.aLility to meet committments was recently demonstrated yhen they had roughly just over a month to complete a relatively large order for approximately 12,000 items . Throughout this period, it was not uncommon Pre­ to see Indians working far into the night to finish their particular job . cisely one day in advance of the deadline, the shipment was completed (From the Indian News, Ottawa, Ontario, October 1966) • • • • ROBERT GERONIMO 77, nonbelligerent son of the Apache chief who led Indian raids against the U.S.Government between 1876 and 18G6, died of pneumonia and.diabetes, in Mesca­ lero, N.U., October 25th . Educated at Carlisle Indian School in Philadelphia, he was an adviser to moviemakers on authentic Apache life . ' (Frooa Hewslr.eek , 11/7/66) �(B) WORK - SCHOLARSHIP OPPORTUNITY FOR INDIAN STUDENT3 The Harvard-Radcliffe American Indian Project is an �rganization of students who donate their skills and energies to American Indian communities throughout the country. The American Indian Project offers its services to tribal councils or to individ ual communities and sends volunteers upon request t organize and carry out summe r programs. The form of each program depends upon the needs and desires of the InciiAn group it serves. Programs in the past have been quite varied. Volunteers have conducted summe r schools for grade school and pre-school children , done -tutorial work with high school studenta, organized baseball and basketball leagues for children of all ages and for adults, and given classes in arts and crafts. Other volunteers have worked in the offices of the tribal councils or in youth camps. TARGET SERVICE is a part of the American Indian Project. It enables Indians to spend a summe r "Drking on a reservation for approximately 8-9 weeks with AIP volunteers in one of the AIP programs. The jobs may be either educa­ Generally only one Indian student is assigned to tional or recreational. each AIP undertaking. This program presents an opportunity for Indian and non-Indian students to work together as equals. The fact that the students are roughly the sam e age and s houlder the same responsibility represents a significant departure from previous Indian • non-Indian relationships which have existed in similar programs in t he past. The program g ives Indian students a chance t� visit other reservations and to get a new perspective on themselves and their fellow Indians. Teaching and serving is always a learning experience. The Indian student, as well as the non-Indian student, is presented w ith a picture of a kind of w:::>rk which might be continued in later life. Each participant is awarded a $550 scholarship grant, of which $150 is At the beginning of the summer's pr gram the student is for transportatien. provided $250 to cover transportation and living expenses. In September, after completion of the project ( most projects run from about June 20th to about August 6th ) , the student receives the remaining $300. For application forms or furth er information, write: American Indian Project, Phillips Brooks House, Harvard Un iversity, Cambridge, Mass. ·02138 AN INDIAN SPEAKS Melvin D. Thom) ( Paiute ) "The forced a�stmilation and cultural genocide to which Indian people have b een subjected is a deprivation of basic human rights without parallel in the free world. We believe that the concept �f a great society could give recognition to the fact t hat cultural diversity is an asset, and not a liability, to this Nation • • • • We will call upon President Johnson to take measures to insure full recognition of the basic legal status of Indian tribes and Indian reservations. �We desire this not that we may be separate, but that we may find security in our homeland, and that we may sm·vive as a pe ple in the American system • • • • 11 ( From the United Church of Christ Journal, Septenber 1966) 11PIEGAN11 by Richard Lancaster, published by Doubleday & Company, Inc., is "a 1 ok from within at the life, times and legacy of an American Indian tribe - as seen through the story of its chief," 109--year old Chief White Calf. The book is reported to be the most comprehensive and yet frankly intimate portrait of the contemporary American Indian ever created. �(9) PASSAi�A�UODDY GIRL WINS ADDITIONAL HONORS Last month's Newsl etter ( Page 5) reported that Miss Viola Dana, daughter of 1'1.Lr. and Mrs. Albert Dana of the Indian Township Reservation, had won a Retail Sales Award at the P�land Springs Job Corps Center. The Newsletter has just been infonned that Miss Dana has also received awards and trophies "for athletic attainment in soft ball and swimming" and has decided to extend her enrollment in order to work toward High School equivalency. Miss Dana was also recently elected to the C0rpswomen1s Student Govern­ ment at Poland Springs. Following her election, she received the following memorandum from the Coordinator of C rpswomen 1s Government, rr.tr. Frank Petty: "May I take this opportunity to congratulate you upon your election to office as a member of Corpswomen1s Government for the next six months. The C rpswomen have expressed their confidence by placing you in the most influential organization The office you now hold is one of trust and at this Center. honor. It shal l require a great deal of effort and time. Your actions at all times must reflect the best interest �f all Corpswomen and the Center." CHEROKEES UNDERTAKE CULTURAL DEPTH PROJECT TAHLEQUAH, OKLA •. - The groundwork for a two million dollar Cherokee Cultural Center has begun on the ashes of the historic Cherokee Female Seminary, destroyed by fire in 1887. Sponsored by the Cherokee National Historical S�ciety, the four-part project will include an Indian village, a continuing Cherokee drama for summer presentation, Cherokee museum and a Cherokee archives building. the project will have great tourist appeal, Although it isn't a tourist expl�itation but a "depth project" in Indian culture and history , the sponsors say. Construction of the Indian village, representative of such a village is geare1 to a 1966 suninier opening. The drama, "hopefully scheduled to cpen in 1967," will be a s equel to the famous � These Hills which has in 1750, played to tremendous crowds for the past fifteen years on the Cherokee Reser­ vation in North Carolina. Sponsors plan for the museum construction in 1967, and the archive housing in l 96S. Funds have been appropriated from the Cherokee Foundation ($100, 000), the Cherokee Tribe ($100,000) , the State Legislature ($150,000), state indus­ Nearly a million dollars tries ($120,000) and individual contributions. is still required and a membership drive in the Historical Scciety is to be launched on a national basis which will help 'With f inancing. Cherokees will be e mployed for construction v.ork and in the completed center. The bricks for the Female Seminary, a school opened by the Cherokees after their removal to Oklahoma, wer.e made in Cherokee-owned brickyards, and ·the Irrlians will again make· the bricks f or the Cultural Center construction. ( From Indian Progress, Central City, from the Amerindian ) Nebraska, October 1966, reprinted 11THE ARAPAHO WAY" by Althea Bass, published by Clarkson N: P0tter, Inc., is the "memoir� of the li e of Carl Sweezy, deceased 1953, one of the last of the thousand full­ blooded Arapaho lpdians. The Arapaho as described in this small book are people who accepted d efeat and change with courage and proud humility." SEND IN YOUR Subscription Slip, from the la.st page of the Newsletter without delay, tn re­ ceive regular mont�ly copies of Maine's only Indian publication. �(10) INDIANS DEDICATE PARK Wampanoag Indians of the Federated Eastern Indian League participated in the official dedication ceremonies of the Cape Cod National Seashore Park with Secretary of the Interior Udall, in early summer. This was very near the spot (called First Encounter Beach) where the ancestors of the New England Indians had their initial contact with the Pilgrims from the Mayflower, before the founding of Plymouth, Mass. This item and a photograph of the Wampanoags with Secretary Udall were contributed to the August issue of Indian Voices by Russell H. Gardner. STUDENTS PRESSURED A British Columbia anthropologist has criticized public schools for trying to turn Indians into middle-class white children. Dr. Barbara Lane, who has just .'completed two years as an anthropol ogi i::t with the University of British Columbia, last month told a conference on educationally-deprived children this pressure is bringing Indian students into conflict with their teachers and harming their educational chances. "Most educators I have talked to as an anthropologist have wanted to know what is the key, the trick, the short cut, to turning Indian children most effectively into good middle-class white children," she said. '11The job of the school is not to force everyone into the same monotonous mold, but to transmit information and skill." (From the Indian Record, Winnipeg, October 1966) PASSAMA(UODDY TRIBAL ELECTIONS HELD The Passamaquoddy Biennial Tribal Elections were held on the Pleasant Point and Indian Township Reservations on November 1, 1966. Indian Township incumbent Governor John Stevens was re-elected for a two-year term commencing The new Lieutenant Governor for the Township is.:.�. �.,: January 1, 1967. George Stevens, Jr., and the 6-member Reservation Council will consist of the following persons, elected from ten-candidates: Maurice Brooks, Archie LaCoote, Basil LaCoote, Allan Sockabasin, George Stevens, Sr., and Pauline Stevens. Pleasant Point incumbent Governor Anthony Mitch.ell, not a candidate for re-election, will be succeeded by Joseph Mitchell, with Timothy Newell as Pleasant Point's new Lieutenant Governor. Again, ten candidates competed for the six Council positions at Pleasant Point; winners were: William Altavater, Irene Lewis, Frank Lola, Jeanette Moore, and John Nicholas. The Passamaquoddy Representative ·to the State Legislature, elected by both Reservations together, though coming from each Reservation alternately, is George Francis of the Pleasant Point Reservation, who will replace George Stevens, Jr., of the Indian Township Reservation. Over 100 tribal members from each Reservation cast their votes in these elections, which were held simultaneously on the two Reservations. 209 per­ sons voted for the combined position of Legislative Representative. Assisting at the polls at Pleasant Point were Ballot Clerks Peter A. Mitchell and Margaret A. Nicholas; Indian Township Ballot Clerks were Anna Harnois and Delia Lewey. Commissioner Hinckley officiated at Pleasant -.. the ·Hon.arable Warren Cookson acted as the Commissioner's Point while personal representative and officiated on the Indian Township Reservation. (The Maine Indian Newsletter extends CONGRATULATIONS to you. If the Ne�_sl�tter can help in implementing your programs during the next two years, it would be our pleasure.) � �(11) SHORTCHANGED MANY TIMES Bangor, Maine To the Editor Bangor Daily News: Mr. Peter A. Mitchell, Tribal Clerk of the Passamaquoddy Tribe, has brought up a point (see October Newsletter, Page 13) that is evident not only on the local scene. but also in national and international affairs, a lack of understanding The Indian has been shortchanged many times since the first settlers arrived in the New World, but perhaps the shoddiest "progr.ess of civilization" perpetrated upon them occurred last year. In the beautiful mountain region of western New York and Pennsylvania, the Seneca Indians lived on a tract of land given to them in a treaty signed by George Washington. The govern­ ment, against the protests of the Seneca Nation, forced them to give up their homes and land so that the infamous Kinzua Dam could be built. Though invitations were extended to many high-ranking politicians and government officials, none were present at the ceremony opening the new dam;·it was an unpopular event and bad for their "image" to be associated with it. The Senecas refused to attend, having long since named the backed-up waters Lake Perfidy . Kenneth C. Collins Husson College (From the Bangor Daily News, 11/10/66) . . . . • . · . INDIAN BRINGS AN EARLY THANKSGIVING Abraham Leo Neptune, a Penobscot Indian living in Gardiner, helped more than 20 children celebrate an early Thanksgiving at the Neighborhood Center Wednesday. Neptune, a brother to one of the aides at the center, appeared about 11 a.m. in full regalia. He wore a buckskin suit handed down to him from his father and bead-embroidered moccasins. The suit was made by his father just over 34 years ago. Leo Neptune made his own moccasins. Around his· neck was a large pendant shaped like an Indian head. Leo Neptune, of Brunswick Road, Gardiner, delighted the small children. He danced for them and then taught them a war dance. The visitor sat at a bead table during dinner and ate a traditional Thanksgiving meal with the children A center worker said she "never saw those kids so quiet for such a long time." (From the Kennebec Journal, 11/17/66) • . • • • . . • CALIFORNIA INDIAN STUDY RELEASED A comprehensive analysis of the social and economic barriers facing California Indians has been outlined in a Progress Report by the State Advisory Commission on Indian Affairs released earlier this year. The Commission was created by the California Legislature in 1961 to study Indian problems and suggest corrective legislation or other remedial action. The report noted that because California Indians live in small scattered settlements and rancherias instead of in large groups, they have been ex­ cluded from many of the new national programs devised to help depressed com­ munities. The report calls for full Indian utilization of all programs, (Continued on Page 1 2 ) �(12) CALIFORNIA INDIAN (Continued from Page 1 1 ) • • . • a t every l eve l o f government . However , it not es that "Calif ornia shou ld not depend for programs , p lanning , or thinking on the Fed eral Government or its agencies , but should step out vigor ously and imaginative ly in the search f or a solution to the social and economic probl ems of its Indian peopl e." Whi l e the Advisory Commission's 27 r ecommendations covered a l l f acets of Indian life from education to housing and sanitation it said "the key to the solu tion of the prob l ems of Indians , whether in the areas of education , we l far e and heal th , or living conditions lies in the dev e l opment of the economic employment potential o f Indians and in the economic d eve l opment o f t heir land r esources." . . . . The plans and proposal s of this group , or any other l ike it , stand a much better chance of success if Indians themse lves ar e directly invo lved in their p l anning and imp l ementation , the report said . The r epeated failure of pr ograms p l anned by o t hers f or Indians has cr eated a resentment among Indians "so that the y become skeptical o f any new pr ogram and re fuse to coop erat e with any pub l ic o f f icia l . " (From Indian Record , U.S.Bur eau of Indian Af fairs , October 1966) (A r eade r just submitted a copy of the Pr ovidence Evening Bu lletin f or June 9th, which contained the f o l l owing int eresting story concerning the Tuscarora Tribe of New York S t at e . ) DAUGHTER OF CHIEF UDATNAHNEECHRE Talk t o a r eal l ive Indian and al l the tal es of t omahawks , teepees and tribal dances concoc ted on Ho l lywood sets wil l seem quite remote . Neverthe­ l ess , Indians stil l l ive on reservat ions across the country , bu t one Tuscarora l ives right her e in Providence , on Medway S tr e e t. D e l ma Mount P l easant , the 23-year-o ld daughter of Chief and Mrs . Edison P . Mount Pl easant , was raised on a r eservation , thre e mi l es squar e , in Louiston , N.Y. Abou t 1 , 000 Tuscaroras live on the r eservation in ordinary houses (not t e epees) and the majority of them work in neighboring towns . "Actual ly the r eservation is very rural . It's just like living in the countr y , " the Indian maid en exp l ained . The Tuscar oras original ly came f rom North Car olina. In 171 3 , after l osing a clan of warriors in the Tuscaror a Har , the tribe h eaded up t he Eastern coast until final ly se ttling in upstate New York . In her Medway Str e et apartment , D e lma Mount P l easant has her fu l l Indian dress . "We onl y wear the costumes on special occasions , " she said. "At the annual New York State Fair held in Syracuse , there is an Indian village . The six tribes of t he Ir oquois Confederacy al l come t oge ther there , wearing trad­ i t ional tribal dr ess . . . . " The Tuscar ora Tribe is divided int o family clans . Being a matriarchal society , the chil d inherits the clan name of his mot her , although he d oesn"t Miss Mount P l easant be l ongs t o the Wo l f C l an , whi l e her f ather is use it . 11We don't marry anyone in our c lan because that wou l d be a Whit e Bear . marrying a r e lation , 11 she said. A council o f . 14 chiefs forms the g overnment o f the Tuscar ora R eservation where �iss Mou n t Pl easant gr ew up. Chie ftanship is gained by merit , it is no t an inherited tit l e . However , the name given t o a man when he is appointed chie f is a tradi tional one . Her f ather's Indian name is Udatnahneechre , which means a branch of a pine t r e e. Ever since the establ ishment o f the ( Continued on Page .. 1 3 ) �( 13) DAUGHTER OF CHIEF (Continued from Page 1 2 ) • • • . Iroquois Confederacy, the pine tree has symbolized peace, because to cement the truce the six warring tribes buried a hatchet, symbol of war, under a pine tree and the tree grew ov�r it . . The counci l of chiefs cooperates with local municipal of f icers and turns over any disciplinary problems to the state police. However, land problems are settled by the council because the land is owned by the Indians . Only with special permission from the chiefs can a land case be taken to an out ­ side court . . . . WHAT DO INDIANS DO ? EVERYTHING � All over America, Indians are at work in jobs of every description. · That pretty stewardess for the airlines is a Nava j o ; th e construction super­ intendent for that huge dam is a Sioux-Catawba . Forest f ires are put out Here is a Choctaw-Chickasaw by trained crews from some 30 Reservations . artist and technical illustrator . There is a waitress (Salish-Kootenai ) who works in the famous lake resort owned by her tribe . You name it - any occupat ion or calling has Indians, working right along with other Americans. In the factories and industrial plant s you ' ll see Indians galore these days . They work inside and outside, on production lines and in laboratories. . Clear headed, qu ick and clever with their hands, natural-borp craftsmen and art isans - these men and women win the enthusiastic commendation of their employers . Where precision counts, Indians excell . Watch the Pima- Papago workers cut valuable diamonds, giving them just the right facets for Winston ' s jewelry, at Winston ' s well-guarded plant south of Phoenix, Arizona . " They are as good as the Swiss, " says their enthusiastic superv isor . Many prominent manufacturers have delibera tely located new factories on or near Indian Reservations, to make the most of a timely oppor�unity. Other parts of the country may be having labor shortages while there sti l l are ample i abor pools t o draw from o n several of the Reservations . . . . (From the National Congress of American Indians, Ind ian Resources Studies) (On Page 9 of the Sep tember issue of the Newsletter there was a report on the National Congress of American Indians ' campaign to encourage buying from companies whose labor policies favor employment of Indians . Here is the f irst list of such f irms, provided by N . C . A . I . We urge all Indians, and friends of Indians, to support these f irms with your purchases . ) Wright & McGill ' s EAGLE CLAW fish hooks and tackle (Sioux, South Dakota) ' GROVES Archery Company archery se ts (Isle t a and Sandi� Pueb los, New Mexico) CHIEF CHIPPEWA fiberglass canoes (�ond du Lac Chippewa, M innesota ) , WINSTON diamonds and other f ine jewelry (Pima and Papago, Arizona) BULOVA watches (Turtle Mountai n Chippewa, North Dakota) BABYLINE playpens and baby cribs (Navajo, New Mexico ) SEQUOYAH carpe ts (Cherokee , Oklahoma) SPARTUS elec tric clocks (Choctaw, Mississipp i ) SIMPSON elec tric Qteters and parts (Lac d u Flambeau Chippewa, Wi sconsin) TIARRA or CAMEO marble top tables (Cherokee and others, Oklahoma) WHITE CROSS bedding, qui lts and bedspreads (Cherokee, North Carolina) NAMBE MILLS tableware and accessories (Pajaoque Pueblo, New Mexico) ALABAMA Charcoal Company barbecue charcoal (Cherokee and others, Oklahoma ) INDIAN HEAD and NAMEKAGON moccas ins and garments (Chippewa , Wisconsin) (Cont inued on Page 18) �-14- V IS TA - C on t ' d f r om Page 2 • M INNESOTA - i Jhi t e Ear t h ( C hippewa ) R e s e rvat i on Busine s s C omi.ii t t e e ( ';/aubun ) : Among t he pro graws in whi c h V o lun t e e r s are par t i c ipating are c onu. uni t y d e v e l opme n t and impr oveme n t , r e c r e a t ion , hmme manage .>1e nt , day car e and s e ni o r c i t i z e n s ' pr o j e c t s , ope rat ion of a s t udy c e n t e r , ar t s an d c r a f t s ins t ru c t i on , v o c a t i onal t raini ng , h e a l t h an d the d e v e l opillent o f t e a c hing of the C hippe�a language and his t o ry . NEW MEX IC O - Alamo Nava j o C ha:i:Jt e r ( ! k;;. d galena ) : As s i s tan c e in pre - s c ho o l and r e madial e du c a t i o n , r e c r e at i on and ar ts and cr a f t s ins tr uc t ion . NORTH CiiROLINA - Eas t e rn Band o f C h e r oke e Indians ( C h e r okee ) : id in t h e d e v e l opmen t o f a mul t i - s e r v i c e fami ly c e n t e r , home;;mking deillon s t ra t i ons t o indige n ous l e aders and fa�ily life e duca t i on . OREGON - Warm S prings R e s e rv a t i on : .As ..:: i s t a n c e in c ornmun i t y d e v e l op ._e n t t o i n c r e a s e employab i li t y and impr ove j ob pe r f orL1 an c e t h r o ugh b as i c e du c a t ion , a n d t h e d e v e lopme n t o f sani tat i on , s e l f - he lp hous in g , h e a l t h a n d h ome manage me n t , yout h , aging , pre - s c h o o l , r e c reat ion and a d u l t e du c a t io� p r o gr ams . SOUTH DAI OTA - Oglala S i oux Trib a l C oun c i l , Pine Ridge R e s e rv a t ion : V o lunt e e rs are w orking in prog�ams c on c e rning day c ar e f or pr e - s c h o o l c h i ldre n , r eme dial t e ac hing a n d gu idan c e a n d e mpl o yDe n t , a r e assi s t ing t h e Indian Bure au i n s up e r v i s in g Youth C orps Camp a c t i v i t i e s i n c onse rva t i on , irr i g�t i on and h e a l t h , and are par t i c ipat ing in a s e l f - h e lp h ousing p r o gr am . R o s e b u d S i oux T r ib e : · s s is t an c e in t he d e v e l opme nt o f adu l t e du ca t i on , c ommuni t y h e a l t h and r e hab i l i t a t i on c e n t e rs , s e l f - he lp h o using , gard e n pr o j e c t s , c r e d i t unions and marke t ing c o ope rativ e s . ( V ISTA , Washingt on , D . C . ) * • • • • • • * * • * HOUS ING AND C ONSTRUC T I ON OFF ICER TO hl-itill HO US E -TO -D OUS E VIS I TS An t hony ( Tony ) Kal is s , assigne d t o the rfaine D e par t 1 1e n t o f Indian Af fai rs as H o us ing and C ons t ru c t i on O f f i c e r by the Ame rican Friends S e rv i c e C ommi t t e e ( AFSC ) , has been busy since arriving in Laine las t Augus t . F i r s t o f a l l he s t ar t e d talking to F e de ra l and S t at e o f f i c ia ls t o s e e what t he r e is avai lab l e and as we l l , he has b e e n talking wi t h many Indians t o s e e what t h e y se e a s t h e ir gre at e s t ne e ds i n this ar e a . T on y is making h ous e - t o-h ous e v i s i t s on t h e P e n ob s c ot Re s erva t i on t o me e t and t alk w i t h t h e Indians f i r s t hand . A f t e r this T ony plans t o v is i t I nd ian T ownship and Pleasan t Point and oake t he same v i s i t s , h o us e ­ t o - h ous e . T ony has v i s it e d a l l thr e e Re s e rvat i ons alre ady b u t as you can s e e h e plans a v e r y t h o r o ugh f o l l ow up . A t t h e Ple asant P oint r e s e rva t i on , r e c e n t ly , T ony ob s e rv e d t he ins t al la t i on o f t h e wa t e r lines and s inks in the h ome s of s ome 18 f ami li e s , nomina t e d by t h e Gove rnor and C oun c i l a s n e e ding t o b e h o ok�d up t o t h e wa t e r su�ply . I t is t h e E di t or ' s unde r s tanding that a l t h ough T o ny had n o thing to d o with t his par t i c ular pr o j e c t b e in g b r o ugh t ab out , this is , n e v e r ­ the l e s s , t h e t yp e o f pro j e c t T ony will b e c on c e rn e d wi th in t h e futur e . ''Alt hough the work is j us t b e ginning , Re c e n t ly Mr . Kaliss s t a t e d : I mus t say that my c onve r s a t i o n s wit h S t a t e and Fe deral o f f i c ials and , most impor t an t e f all , wi t h t h e Indians c on v i n c e me that a l t h ough t h e r e are many pr ob l e ms t o b e ov e r c ome , b o th phys i c a lly and h uwun , a l l o f t h e r e s e r v a t ions c an b e c ome b e au t i fu l , h e althy a n d a t t rac t iv e � oLllilun i t i e s t o live in , w o rk i n a n d r e t ir e t o . " �- 15- ( C o n t in u e d f r om page 4 ) ( Le t t e r s t o t h e E di t or ) I am a P e n ob s c o t I n d ian f r om Old T own . I hav e b e e n liv i n g h e r e a t B ar Haro or s i n c e 1956 . I a m ac t iv e i n p o l i t i c s . I a m T r e as ur e r o f H an c o c k C o un t y D e mo c ra t i c Par t y , a n d ran f or S h e r i f f in 1 9 6 4 a n d in 1966 . I ( l os t ) b y 2 8 v o t e s t h is t ime . S in c e r e ly your s , R o ge r Ran c o * * * * * * * * D e ar E d i t o r : R e a d o f y o u in The C h e r oke e T imes , B e in g non - Ind ian , was n o t e e r t ain o f my e li gib i l i t y in r e c e iv i n g your News l e t t e r , but t h ou gh t I w ould t r y . I was giv e n m y name b e a d i r e c t d e c e ndant o f t he I n d ian P r in c e s s Po c ah o n t a s w h o a l s o b or e t h e name of t ha t gr e a t lady . F r om t h i s pe r s on I l e a r n e d e a r ly t o have an ab iding i n t e r�st 'in t h e A ae r i c an Ind ian . Jvw s t s i nc e r e ly , Poc ahon tas Hagy Ab ingd o n , V irginia * * * * * * * * D e ar E d i t o r : I was v e r y ple a s e d when I r e c e iv e d t h e Newsle t t e r s u b s c r i p t ion . It is v e r y i n t e r e s t in g t o r e a d ab o u t o t h e r I n d i an s , a s we ll as my own kind o f Indians . I wan t e d t o t e ll ab o u t my e xp e r i e n c e in t h e J ob C orps . I hav e b e e n i n t h e Job C o rps f or alm o s t s e v e n mon ths , a n d I hav e e n j oyed e ve ry s e c on d of it . Whe n I f i r s t c ame in t h e J o b C orps , I w a s a li t t le s c ar e d , I d i dn ' t kn ow what t o e xpe c t , b u t when Mr s . H inkle y d r o v e me up h e r e , I b e gan t o r e lax . i'Jhen w e c ame in , I was s e n t t o t h e Inn , and I me t ruy t w o r o ommat e s , T h e y w e r e n i c e and w e all lik e d e a c h o t he r . S o t h a t was my f i r s t e xp e r ­ ience . T h e s e c ond w a s w h e n I s t ar t e d m y t r a ining and s t ar t e d g o i n g t o I was v e ry e age r t o le arn , an d I c an say t h a t I hav e learn e d . school. a l o t o f t h ings t ha t I ne v e r kn e w b e f o r e . On D e c e mb e r 2 , I w i l l b e gradua t i n g f r om R e t a i l S al e s as a C as h i e rs C le r k b u t I hav e d e c i d e d t o s t ay on and go f u r t h e r in t o i t , and hope t o ge t t he e quivale n c e h e r e . A l s o I wan t e d t o say t hat I was e le c t e d on t h e S t ud e n t G o v e rnme n t f o r t h e c e nt e r , whi c h I was v e r y pleas e d . I shall ne v e r f o r g e t m y g o o d e xp e r i e n c e a t t h e c e n t e r . I hav� mad e many f r i e n d s h e re , when I l e a v e f or g o o d I s hall miss , t h e m , b u t a l s o , I shall be r e ady f or t he working w or l d o u t s i d e . I hav e b e e n h ome t o v i s i t my par e n t s s e v e ra l t ime s , I mis s t h e m all , b ut w h e n I ge t w h a t I c ame h e r e f o r , I ' ll b e h ome w i t h t h e m again . I l o v e my par e n t s v e ry m u c h and wan t t h e m t o b e proud o f me , and lov e t he m m o r e f o r b r inging me i n t o t h i s w o r ld . S in c e r e ly your s , V i o la Dana Job C o rps C e nt e r for , Jome n Fo land S pr in g , Main e �-16- If you DID YOU KNOW our s ub s c r ip t ion list is growing by le aps and b o unds ? are not on i t and want to b e - j us t fill out t he c oupon on t he next page and mai l i t in t o day . * • * * * • * * FLINT Al' D FELS ITE By H e le n C ushman ( La s t mon t h we prin t e d part 4 in e rr o r . T his �1onth we are prin t in g par t In t h e D e c e mb e r is sue we will have t h e f inal installme n t in this 3. s e r i e s These Ind ians We re H e r e . Ed . ) P o t ters our V a l l e y I ndi ans M e r e n o t - f e w Algonquins W d re . B u t t h e ir s t one ins t rume n t s show t h e m to hav e been kee nly obse rvan t r o c k c o ll e c t oE s . ' Wha t e v e r t h e y ne e de d t o make , t he y picke d t h e b e st rock f or the ir purpos e . T h e i r most impo r t an t hous e h old implefilent was the mor t ar and pe s t l e f o r grinding c o rn . Usually t h e mor t ar was ma de of a hard s t one i n wh i c h a c a v i t y c o uld b e mad e . The pe s t le o f the Anasagun t i c o oks w a s lon g , usually fashi one d of c ourse s lat e , and was r o und e d at one e nd . A sma ll h o le �as b o r e d t hro ugh the handle . Then t h e � e � t l e would be s uspe n d e d f r om t h e b r an c h o f a . tr e e b y a t hong whi ch made grindin g e - s ie r . Other kinds of pe s t le s a.p d mat c hing mortars have b e e n f ound in v ari ous s i z e s su gge s t ing the ir use for h e r b s or me d i c ine s . Few of t h e m hav e b e en as e la b o r a t e as the e xq u i s i t e wh i t e f l int one ploughed u p in a fie ld alon g 30 M i l e Riv e r . This pri c e le s s a r t i f ac t w a s a de e p ye l l ow wh e n dis c ov e r e d ­ s t ain e d b y ye l l ow ochre . T h e f i e ld i t s e l f b y a we l l-known Ind ian spring had b e e n t h e c amping ground o f t h e C a ghnaugas , a o r an c h o f t h e gr e at - - ­ t h e ir spe c ia l pr e s e rv e re nouned e v e n then f o r i t s superb f ishin g . H ow ­ e v e r the f lint mor tar and pe s t le and s e v e ra l o t he r art i f a c ts unear t h e d in the r e gion n e ar ly 70 ye ars ago were all de e p ly staine d with o c hre and undoub t e d ly pre -da t e d o ur V a l l e y Indians . More ab out t h e s e mys t e r i ous pre -D awn Pe ople la t e r . I t is o f int e r e u t t o r o ck h o unds t o n o t e that t h e s our c e o f a l l t h e se ar t i fac t s w a s f li n t whi c h prob ably c ame f r om � t . Kine o . N o t unt il t h e y b e gan t o t rade w i t h e ar ly e xplorers did our own Ind ians u s e me t al . The y fas h i one d r o c ks or she lls int o h o e s f o r the plan t ing o f c o rn a n d o t h e r c r ops . The grin�ing w a a d o n e exc lus iv e ly b y t he women o f t h e t r ib e a s w e r e a l l t he agr i c u l t ural c h or e s . The y u s e d a s c ont aine rs f o r t rans por t in g c orn b as ke t s ma de of w ov e n re e ds of e v e n hid e s . I f you ' v e e v e r t r i e d t o skin a squirr e l with a sharp kn i f e , you wus t appr e c ia t e t h e ski ll of t h e s e I ndians . T h e y u s e d a s t one impl e me n t shape d like a chis e l as w e l l as sharp s e a she lls . T h e i r b ows and arrows w e r e v i t a l t o our Valley Indians . Fish and game supp l i e d most of t he ir good and c l o t hing . Only a few memb e r s o f t h e t rib e w e r e ski l l e d e n ough t o make arr ow h e a ds . "The r e t h e an c i e n t Arrow-make r Mad e h i s arr ow h e ads o f sands t one , Arrow heads o f c halc e d ony , Arrow heads o f f lint and j aspe r , S mo o t h e d and s harpe �e d at t h e e d g e s , Hard and polishe d , ke en and c o s t ly . " T h e s e poin t s had t o b e exac t ly c ar v e d and pe r f e c t ly balan c e d . The s t ones b e s t suit e d to arr ow he ads c ame f r om o u t s ide the Andr o s c oggin Vall e y . F e l si t e ; a l s o r e f e rr e d t o as h orn s t one , c ame mo s t ly f r ora Ut . Kine o . S t ripe d j aspe r f r om B e r lin Falls was h i ghly pri z e d as we ll . Ro ugh quar t z was The w o o d of t h e f r e q u e n t ly us e d b u t s u c h arrow h e ads w e r e o f t e n un t r ue . h ornb e am a n d b e e c h w e r e s a i d t o have b e e n pr e f e rr e d t or t he arr ows t he m­ s e lv e s . T homgs o f m o o s e ( hide . fa s t e n e d t h e a�� ow h e ads t o t h e s t o c ks . C on � inue d on page � l ) �- 1 7( C on t inue d f r om page 16 ) F lin t and F e ls i t e By H e l e n C u s hman . T h e b ows o f t h e Anasagun t i c o oks w e r e v e ry h e a v y w i t h a rull e x c e e d ­ ing t he ab i l i t y of most wh i t e me n . T h e w o o d u s e d migh t vary b u t i t had to be t ough and e la s t i c . The b ow s t r in gs w e r e l e a t h e r . T h e s e Ind ians were v e ry ac c ur a t e marksm e n and c o uld hit a moving t arge t a t more t han f or t y yards . G r e a t c r a f t smanship was r e quire d t o make spe ar h e ad s , t o o . I n f in i t e c ar e and pre c is i o n w e r e ne c e s s ary t o fashion t h e l o n g s le nd e r h e ads . F li n t a n d j aspe r w e r e appar e n t ly pre f e r r e d . S ome s p e ar h e ad s hav e b e e n f o und e igh t o r mor e in c h e s long and s harp as a r a z or a f t e r two c e n t u r i e s unde r ·,t h e gr ound . Among o t h e r w e apons w e r e was c lub s . One was mad e f r om t h e r o o t o f a t r e e , hard e n e d b y f i r e , h igh ly polishe d w i t h t he r o o t pr ongs l e f t at t h e end. T h e r e w a s a l s o a pole , 8 t o 1 0 f e e t long , w i t h a s t on e s harpe n e d a t b o th e n ds o r a de e r horn fas t e n e d t o t h e p o i n t . I t is c e r t a i n t hat t h e V a l l e y I nd ians us e d t r aps and sna r e s . Few d e s c r i p t i on s o f t h e s e hav e e v e r b e e n f o un d . T h e r e s u l t s o f wh at e v e r k i n d the y d i d u s e w a s ama z in g � C apt ain J o hn s ·. d t h s ai d t h a t h e g o t l� , 000 b e av e r skins as w e li as illa ny o t t e r and mar t i n in 1614 . T o h o l l ow out t h e ir large b oa t s , t he I n d ians us e d a goug e , The y w ou l d b urn t h e s ur f a c e of a l o g on one s i d e un t i l i t was c har r e d e n o u gh t o d i g out . The s e b ou t s , unw i e l d y T h e pro c e s s was r e p e at e d man y t ime s . a n d c lums y w e r e t o o h e av y t o p o r t a ge b ut w o u ld c ar r y as many as f o r t y Ligh t , t h e y pe ople . H e n c e f or mo s t purpo s e s t he s e I n d i ans us e d can o e s . w e r e mad e o f b ir c h b ark w h i c h was sewn t o a frame b y r o o t s or f ib e r s o f t r ee s , ( a s t h e lar c h o r t amarack ) , o r w i t h t h in t h r e ad like t h ongs o f h i d e . Fragi le as t h i s c r a f t was , t h e An asagun t i c o oks c ould gu i d e it t hr o ugh t h e Whe r e t h e wa t e r was t o o l ow , 1 r apids o f t h e An d r o s c o ggin w i t h gr e a t ski ll . or t h e falls t o o s t e e p , t h e Indians had a w e ll d e f in e d s y s t e m o f carryi n g pla c e s . S ome o f t h e s e p o r t age s and t h e wat e rways b y whi c h they t r av e le d are w e ll d e f i n e d e v e n t o d a y . T o v i s i t t h e ir c ousins , t h e Ama s c on t e e s , o n t he S an d y Riv e r , the y w e n t f r om C an t on P o i n t t o t h e D e a d R iv e r , t h r o u gh N a yn e P ond and up 30 Mi le Riv e r t o t he nor thwe s t b ranc h . F r om a p o r t age at David Pond t h e y w e n t to t he p onds e n t e r i n g Li t t le N or r i d g e w o c k S t r e am or b y Mos h e r Pond i n t o McGurdy S t r e am and t h e r e t o t he S an d y Riv e r i t s e l f ( Ne x t mon t h ) we w i l l c on c lude wi t h t h e e f f e c t o f t he whi t e s e t t l e r s o n t h e Anasagun t i c o oks , and t h e i r f li gh t t o C anada t o j o in t h e i r c ousins , The S t . Fran c i s Indians , a n d t h e ir yearly v i s i t s t o t h e grav e s o f the ir an c e s t or s . T h e i r las t fare we l l , on..e o f t h e m o s t p o i gnan t b i t s o f Maine his t o r y , has b e e n supe rb ly wri t t e n b y Re ginald S t u r t e vant t o whom w e JJ.r e inde b t e d f o r much o f t h e inf orma t i on i n t h is b r i e f a c c ount o f t h e Jndi.ans o f o u r Andr os c o ggin Valle y . (From t he Liv e rmo�e Falls Adv e r t i s er , Liv e rmor e Falls , Naine 8/18/6 6 . o b e c on t in u e d n e x t mon t h . ) o • • • • • • • • • A Lo ok At Vhat ' s C oming In f uture i s s u e s o f the News l e t t e r we will be hav i n g ar t i c l e s b as e d on in t e rvi e ws wi t h vari ous pe ople of int e r e s t t o the Pe nob s c o t s and Pas sama­ quoddi e s . � e h ope to h av e i t e ms o n s uch pe ople as the T r ibal G o v e r n o r s , the lndian R e pr e s e n t a t iv e s t o t he S t a t e Le gi s la t ur e , and o t he r in t e r e s t in 0 Indians . Als o , w e will plan an ar t i c le on t he S t a t e D e partme n t o f Indian A f fairs , which will .b e a ye ar old on January 3 , 196 6 . S e nd in your s ug­ ge s t i on s an d as t ime pe rmi t s w e ' ll l o pk i n t o them . �( 18 ) BUYERS I GUIDE ( Cont inued f r om Page 1 3 ) VAS SAR hair s ty l ing a c ce s s or i e s ( Cheroke e , Nor th Car o l ina) LUMM! HEAVERS garment s , p l a c e ma t s , ve s tmen t s (Lummi , Washington ) SAFFORD Manu fac turing Company women ' s appar e l ( S an Car l o s Ap�che , Ar i zona) GOLDEN EAGLE spor t swear {Omaha , Nebr a ska) BVD und er shir t s and shor t s (Nava j o , Ar i z ona) BAYLY Manu fac tur ing Company br and s (Yakima , Wa shing t on ) ROTMANS s e afood s (var ious trib e s , A l a ska) BAKE. WELL p o t a t o e s ( Sho shone and Bannock , Idaho) " S IOUX au t o muf f l e r s (Crow Cr eek S i oux , South Dako ta) NAVAJO PINE and SOUTHWEST prefabr i c a ted hou s e s (Nava j o , New Mex i c o ) KAI SER Aluminum cu lver t s and build ing produc t s (Coch i t i and San t o Doming o Pueb l o ) CARLON p l a s t ic p i p e (Navaj o , New Mex i c o ) S T . MARIE'S p lywood { Coeur d ' A lene , Idaho) MONTEZUMA p lywood (U t e Moun tain U t e and Navaj o , Co l orado) C HI PPEWEYAN AUTHENTI CS t oy s and nove l ty i t ems ( Chippewa , Nor th Dako ta) GUILD ARTS & CRAFTS Company p,l a s t i c produc t s ( Nor thern Cheyenne , Mon tana) BUY Amer i c an INDIAN MADE Pr oduc t s U S E Ame r i c an INDIAN MADE Pr odu c t s AN INDIAN S PEAKS Mary Wanatee ( S ac -Fox) "F i r s t , I t r ied to make more c l ear in my own mind exac t ly wha t tho se v a l u e s are that Ind ians have tha t are d i ffe ren t fr om tho se of the l hi te s . I can ' t he lp b u t th ink tha t the who l e conf l i c t s imp ly l i e s in the b a s ic d i f fe r ­ enc e s in ph i l osophy . The Ind i an s t r ive s t o harmon i z e w i th wha t ex i s t s around him , wher e a s t he whi t e man s t r ive s t o make exi s t ing t h i n g s harmon i ze wi th him . I t seems to me that the wh i t e man d oe s not g ive enough recogn i t ion to t he r e s t of Cr e a t ion - he p l aces mankind at the cen ter of a l l thing s her e on ear th , as though he were the who l e goal . The Ind ian c on c e iv e s of mankind as only a par t of a who l e . He ha s deep r e spec t and r everence f or n a ture and the things ther e of , and he i s very 'awar e ' of a l l that i s , ou t s ide of h ims e l f . He u s e s only what i s needed , b e c au s e of t h i s awarene s s . Hi s re l ig i on i s thi s way of l i f e , c on t inua l ly expre s s ing acknow l edgemen t of h i s purpo se and po s i t i on . " ( Submi t t ed by a r e ader) MI SCELLANEOUS NEWS The E a s tpor t Counci 1 , Kn igh t s of Columbu s , ·wer e recen t ly en ter t ained by memb e r s o f the Plea san t Point Ind i an Dance Team , l ed by Mr . Joseph Ni cho l a s . Mr . Nicholas i s D epu ty Gr and Kni gh t of the E a s tp or t Counc i l . Dur ing the summer , an Iroqu o i s Ind ian from Bran t ford , Ont ar io , nP.med Ro -wa-dna , or " Spr ing Wate r 11 vi s i t ed Hou l ton , Pr e s que I s l e snd Indi.an I s l and in the c our s e of a 2 , 000 mi l e tr ip t hrough the pr ovinces and t he Uni t ed S t a t e s . , The Mid- South F ai r in Memph i s , Tenn . , r e c en t ly f eatured an One ida Ind ian from l'Ji s c on s i n , who l earned t o wr e s t l e a l l ig a t or s from a Semino l e c ou s in . G e orge Gr e enwood took on ly 10 minu te s t o ge t a 6 - f oo t , 165 -pound ' ga t or out o f t�e wat er . �IF YOU WANT )l 2! u 2_) - - a free "starter" s�bscription to the MAINE INDIAN NEWSLETTER ; news of Indian affairs in Maine and around the country ; \.J (() �' - to know what other Tribes are doing, thinking and p l anning ; I • Maine ' s only st ate-wide . Indian \j C newsletter mailed directly to your home or Post Office box each month ; . T H E N NO � TO : FILL OUT THE SUBSCRI PTION SLIP BELOW AND MAIL IT WI TH MA INE INDIAN NEWSLETTER Pine Street Freeport, Maine 0403 2 HD (Al so send in your suggestions , comments, letters , stories, articles, complaints, jokes, pictures and news items ! ! ! ) o � c . ---------- -:1 Al -- --- '-....__ - C \ A N NE_ W5t.5_m_ RJ _ . rl O L_'J (_ � - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - I would like a copy of the Maine Indian Newsletter mailed to me each month : MAILING ADDRESS _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (ZIP Code, please) {Send thi s s l ip to : Maine I ndian Newsletter Pine Street Freeport, Maine 04032 ) - - � - - - - - - - - - - - - - - �MAINE INDIAN NEWSLETTER Pine S t r e e t Freepor t , Maine 040 3 2 Li br ary Co lby Co l l e g e 0490 l i l l e , Me . W a t e rv � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Penobscot Description An account of the resource The Penobscot people, who identify closely with the Penobscot River that is their home, have a reservation on Indian Island, near Old Town, Maine. Part of the Wabanaki Confederacy, they were among the tribes that won federal recognition in the 1980 Maine Indian Land Claims Settlement Act. <br /><br />A Penobscot scholar, Joseph Nicolar, was one of the first regional Native people to publish a book: <em>Life and Traditions of the Red Man</em> (1890). Since then, many others have written about their language and culture, including the performing artist Molly Spotted Elk and poet Carol Dana.<br /><br />The Penobscots have a rigorous process for protecting their intellectual property, asking any scholars who are studying or writing about them to communicate with their Cultural Heritage and Preservation Office.<br /><br /><strong>Resources</strong><br /><br />Penobscot Nation <a href="https://www.penobscotnation.org/" target="_blank">website</a><br /><a href="http://www.penobscotculture.com/" target="_blank">Penobscot National Cultural &amp; Historic Preservation Department</a><br /><br /> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <em>Maine Indian Newsletter</em> (Nov. 1966) Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource ssipsis (Thompson, Eugenia) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Colby College Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1966-11 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Julia Brush Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Digital images courtesy of Colby College Library. In making these images available, we also consulted with ssipsis’ daughter, Pam Outdusis Cunningham. Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Document Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource pdf Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DV-474 https://www.dawnlandvoices.org/collections/files/original/7623866131c4a6e62aecf271892fb7ca.pdf d28178e187e1da632739ca15c49f80ef PDF Text Text ������ Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Mi'kmaq Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <em>The Aroostook Indian</em> (Oct. 1969) Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource The Association of Aroostook Indians Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived University of Maine-Orono, Fogler Library Special Collections Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1969-10 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Siobhan Senier Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource University of Maine Libraries. Used with permission. We also consulted with the family of editor Tom Battiste, including his sister Marie Battiste and widow Susan Battiste. We thank Desiree Nagy at the University of Maine for making the digitized copies available. Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Document Date Created Date of creation of the resource. June 3, 2016 Description An account of the resource The inaugural issue (v. 1, no. 1) of this newsletter. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource pdf Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DV-375 https://www.dawnlandvoices.org/collections/files/original/7b65820817bbe419f9387a2f7c7efb00.pdf 58c16a615fd6659a5b14bfaac933f707 PDF Text Text ������ Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Mi'kmaq Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <em>The Aroostook Indian</em> (January 1970) Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource The Association of Aroostook Indians Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived University of Maine, Fogler Library Special Collections Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1970-01 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Siobhan Senier Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource University of Maine Libraries. Used with permission. We also consulted with the family of editor Tom Battiste, including his sister Marie Battiste and widow Susan Battiste. We thank Desiree Nagy at the University of Maine for making the digitized copies available. Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Document Date Available Date (often a range) that the resource became or will become available. June 3, 2016 Description An account of the resource v. 1, no. 4 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource pdf Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DV-376 https://www.dawnlandvoices.org/collections/files/original/370abd74a083ac3323b09ef4776da2b4.pdf 813aeef04ded0f91a50fde232448fca0 PDF Text Text ����� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Mi'kmaq Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <em>The Aroostook Indian</em> (March 1970) Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource The Association of Aroostook Indians Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived University of Maine-Orono, Fogler Library Special Collections Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1970-03 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Siobhan Senier Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource University of Maine Libraries. Used with permission. We also consulted with the family of editor Tom Battiste, including his sister Marie Battiste and widow Susan Battiste. We thank Desiree Nagy at the University of Maine for making the digitized copies available. Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Document Date Created Date of creation of the resource. June 3, 2016 Description An account of the resource v. 1, no. 6 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource pdf Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DV-377 https://www.dawnlandvoices.org/collections/files/original/3b1c011d70e7a2bf39d1305c116d8ed7.pdf 6bed4098e3c857a0a0e6f6aa334b93af PDF Text Text ���� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Mi'kmaq Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <em>The Aroostook Indian</em> (April 1970) Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource The Association of Aroostook Indians Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived University of Maine-Orono, Fogler Library Special Collections Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1970-04 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Siobhan Senier Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource University of Maine Libraries. Used with permission. We also consulted with the family of editor Tom Battiste, including his sister Marie Battiste and widow Susan Battiste. We thank Desiree Nagy at the University of Maine for making the digitized copies available. Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Document Date Created Date of creation of the resource. June 3, 2016 Description An account of the resource v. 1, no. 7 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource pdf Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DV-378