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99140d398e678d09b13c4518319a40a9
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mocikultuwok". Kenuk olu yukt pomawsuwinuwok yut eyultioik peskuss olu skitap
eyit 'koselomal naka 'ciksotuval Kisiyuhkunol* Liwisu Nuwa0
Neqt pemkiskahk Kisiyuhkun 'tiyal Iluwawcl: "Nacimihkuman vukt pomawsuwinuwok;
naciyahan 'tahewi apenkatomoniya tan elinocioomavsultihtitpon". Itom Kisiyuhkun:
"Npocitahkan metuveyik tpolutimok". Itom Kisiyuhkun: "Npocitahkan komiwon
kakehsukoniw wolamkihkakompessok skitkomiq
"Yahan olopessultihtic naka
moskeyultiniya tan eliwapololukhotihtit, elipomawsultihtit"»
Kisiyuhkun 'tiyan Nuwawol: "Liht natomokihqahk ktuloq; peeikompek ktiyan
knicannuk naka knisuwiyeq ktepapasiniya wclam kisaposiyukepa".
Nuwa macehtun yut ktuloq.
esq yut etolihtaq ktuloq 'kinuvehtuva pomawsuwinu
elikotikompek skitkomiq. Kenuk olu tehpu ftotoliv/ihqinuwawal; pesqon te
mec elimcci-nomawsultihtit.
Nit Kisiyuhkun 'tiyan Nuwawol: "Maqenan ksiwivik, maqenan nisieposuwek
weyossisck psite tama nolov/iw, ktoliphan ktulokuk naka kte^ehlan”,
Uuuuu.... eltar.ok weskuveyultihtit,
Nit Kisiyuhkun 'koptehtun khakon. Nitte na peciwisokolan; etutolak.
Pomawsuwinuwok 'totolitekotomoniys khakon, 'kakalumaniya Nuwawol: "Nuwa ! Nuwa !
Apooteht khakon ! Apccteht khakon !"o Kenuk olu Nuwa 'tasiternan, 'tiya: "Sami metsiw !
Kisiyuhkun kis 'kisikpetohtun khakon, on te na psite kompe skitkomiq".
Psite mecikulticik pomawsuwinuwok 'kihkacuooqossinultuvck, kenuk olu Nuwa naka
'siwi tehpultuwok ktulokuk; mate akuvessuitiwiyiK ipoccl volamsotuMawal Kisiyuiiku.no1 D
Tokec pomawsuwinok mocikultuwok tahalute neke Nuwa pernawsit:
Komutonahtuwok, koluskultuwok, kotuhsmultuwok, alamkahtuwok, matonakhotuv/ok,
nipskatuwahtuwok, 'toliphocalawa piluweya ehpilioi. Nit ellukhotihtit yuktok
pomawsuwinuwok tokec; tan elikisiwapololukhotihtit. Mate 'kisiwicewawiwal
Kisiyuhkunol„
Kisiyuhkun. 'totoliv/ihqimkun oolonessultinen, kenuk olu ma keiksotuwawin.
Kisiyuhkun mate 1tihiwon moeikuwakon; rausqitahatomon mocikuwakon0
Mocikultiyiq, ktahcwihc apenkatomonen. Kisiyuhkun ktiyukun solahkiw ktahcvr
i
apenkatomonen eliwapololukhotiyiq.
Tokec oc pemimotuyeyu katok neke kisikompek skitkomiq.
v/en meeikit naka meheinan lamkik oliye. Kisiyuhkun 'tolikisehtun mate ktahewi
lapasijmnewin nita, kenuk olu Sesuhs *kisapenkatomon yut moeikuwakon.
Kisiyuhkun 'cossol, nekom 'kisapenkatomon. Sesuhs ucimehcinan 'civ kilun.
Tokec wen wolamsotuwal Sesuhsol .nekom oc kisaposiya.
This is a transcription of the story of Noah from a phonograph record made by
Valter J . Paul of St. Mary's, Fredericton,N.B0 David Francis Sr. of Sipayik
.
reviewed it and helped me with some words. A few changes have been made to
conform to Passamaquoddy usage where it differs from Maliseet.
Potuk olu is changed to kenuk olu and nekomoqihqahk to natomokihqahk.
All mistakes are my own
not the fault of Mr. Paul or Mr. Francis who
both know their language extremely wello
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�Page 20
Wabanaki Alliance March 1980
Flashback photo
news notes
New trib a l m em ber
INDIAN ISLAND — A new member of
the Penobscot Nation has arrived. He is
Domekin (Penobscot for “early riser”)
Attean McDougall, son of Janice McDougall. He was born March 29, and
weighed 8 pounds, 12 ounces. Domekin is
the grandson of Irene and Bill McDougall,
and the great-granddaughter of Eunice
Crowley of Indian Island. A traditional
Indian song was performed in honor of the
new arrival.
Clarification
MALISEETS in Market Square, Houlton, circa 1910, assist a float for Dunn Furniture,
still a prominent local business. Note the unusual wigwam made of evergreen boughs,
instead of the more common birch bark or canvas. At left, standing, is Frank Francis.
Leo Tomah is the boy behind row of children; others unidentified. [Original photo in
possession of Dunn Funeral Home of Houlton; this photo courtesy of James D. Wherry,
Association of Aroostook Indians.]
The first gift of spring
by Snowdove
This is a story about Mother Earth’
s
cycle. It was told to me by Snowflake
who lived millions of moons ago when
Turtle Island was ruled by the Little
People, they still live today making
their presence known only to those
native people who care to listen. Snow
flake is one of their messengers.
It' was the end of the winter cycle
when I noticed her and her sister flakes
flying outside my window. At first she
danced alone in rhythm to the wind
blowing and then other snowflakes
joined in the dancing. No two w ere
together, yet they all danced together.
I watched and listened intently.
“Wo-oo-oo” sang the wind and the
spring brids flew by, waving their
wings at me.
“The Great Spirit has a gift for you,”
said Snowflake, but you must go to a
certain maple tree to get it. I will show
you the way.”
I put on my hat and coat while Snow
flake led me through the woods. The
snow was m elting all around me. Water
was gushing in the streams, and the
birds were perched on the branches
watching silently — - so silent you could
hear the sap running within the trees.
“Cut a small hole in the bark of that
maple tree and wait” said Snowflake.
As soon as I cut the bark, the birds
flew away and I watched them fly
through the trees. They seemed to
know where to go without bumping
into each other. I think they were
looking for a good place to build their
nest and build a new community.
“That is what the native people used
to do before they w ere put on reserva
tions” said Snowflake, “That is called
freedom.”
I went over to the maple tree I had
cut and saw that the sap was starting
to flow. I kissed the tree where I had
cut and tasted the sap. It tasted as
sweet as life.
“This is the first gift of spring from
the Creator,” said Snowflake. Then she
melted away.
A story in last month’ Wabanaki Alli
s
ance indicated that Passamaquoddy Rep
resentative to the State Legislature,
Clayton Cleaves, had not attended during
the session of the 109th. Cleaves pointed
out that he did not attend because pending
bills did not affect the tribe. H e has
recently attended Legislative m eetings in
Augusta in connection with the Indian
land claims. His Penobscot counterpart,
Rep. Timothy Love, has also attended
these sessions.
A Penobscot seeks
aid fo r palsy center
PORTLAND — Vicki Fulkerson, a
Penobscot who is confined to a wheelchair
and attends the Cerebral Palsy Center
here, is coordinating a drive to collect
soup and juice can labels to raise money
for new equipment.
Needed are labels from Campbell’
s
soup. Franco-American products (any
size), and V-8 Juice. Labels can be mailed
direct to Vicki Fulkerson, 85 Front St.,
Portland, Maine 04103. Vicki is the
daughter of Angie Mitchell, who works at
Central Maine Indian Association’ branch
s
office in Portland.
A girl wins the bee
INDIAN TOW NSHIP — A spelling bee
held at the elementary school at Peter
Dana Point ended in an all-girl winning
combination. Taking first place was Ro
berta Smith; second place. Sherry Tinker;
third, Sandra Yarmal. Both Pleasant Point
and Indian Township youngsters joined
the recent event.
Tribe, Eastport probe port
By Ruby Richter
PLEASAN T P O IN T — T he tribal
governor and council met with the
Eastport city council and state and
federal people, on Dec. 3, 1979.
The city econom ic development
planners asked for Indian support for
their proposed port authority, to be
built at the end o f Kendall's Head. This
project, hopefully, would benefit the
surrounding area, they said.
If this com es through, the tribe
understands there will be no oil
tankers allowed to go through.
INDIAN CRAFT
S U P P L IE S
F R E E ^ a io g
The world’! largest
Indian Crafts Catalog.
More than 4,000 Items
to choose from!
CAUCUS — Michael Banco of Indian Island, elected chairman of the Penobscot
Democratic caucus, tallies votes for delegates. Ann Pardilla was named delegate for
Presidential candidate Sen. Edward Kennedy. As the blackboard reveals, candidates
Jimmy Carter and Jerry Brown didn't fare so well. At right, Emma Francis and James
Francis look on. Twenty-three persons attended the caucus.
For free catalog
• m DM <
e
_
Trade Beads. Tin Cones,
Brass. Beads, Moire Taffeta
Ribbon, Ermine Skins,
Bone Elk Teeth, Shawl
Fringe and Yam.
_ _ _ __
GREY OWL
Indian Craft Manufacturing Co.
M50-02J3eaverJfc^^
Hope springs anew
for reservation store
PLEASANT POINT — As many as 100
people have expressed interest in invest
ing in a tribal store, by one tribal official’
s
estimate. About five percent of these are
non-Indians in the neighboring areas.
According to tribal planner, Charles
Lewis, the store could use around 50 more
investors. Stock for the store has been
purchased, but finishing the interior and
exterior will probably require an SBA or
FmHA loan, Lewis said.
Although a building will be leased from
tribal government, Lewis stressed that
the store will be run by the investors and
not the reservation administration.
Polchies a man
who will be missed
By Brenda Polchies
HOULTON — Maynard Polchies was
a husband, a father, an Indian leader.
H e was all of these and m ore but he
was also chosen to bear a burden. He
was afflicted with painful, crippling
rheumatoid arthritis for most of his
life. This did not keep him from having
a concern and wanting to do things for
Indian people in Aroostook County.
He was a leader for m ore than 1,500
off-reservation Maliseet and Micmac
Indians in northern Maine and he was
very active and involved in policy-mak
ing decisions for his people. He
directed a large staff of numerous pro
gram s on a daily basis. He was instru
mental in making a major m ove and
taking on tremendous responsibility
when the Association of Aroostook
Indians relocated their offices to larger
quarters at the former Bowdoin Street
School. He represented his people on
the Northern Maine Regional Planning
Commission, Tribal Governors, Inc.,
the Division of Indian Services, the
National Council of Alcoholism in
Maine. He was a member of the
Wabanaki Corporation of Orono.
The Maliseet and Micmac Indians in
Aroostook County have lost their first
Indian leader through death, and this
has created a void which will be very
difficult to fill.
O bituary
H OU LTO N — Maynard S. Polchies,
44, died March 5, 1980, at a Houlton
hospital. He was born at W oodstock,
N.B., Feb. 1, 1936, the son o f Alex and
Grace Paul Polchies. He was a member
o f St. Mary’ Catholic Church. He was
s
president o f the A ssociation o f
A roostook Indians, a member o f the
Tribal Governors Inc., the Northern
Maine Regional Planning Commission,
and the Division o f Indian Services. He
is survived by his wife, Marion
Gramour Polchies, his father and step
mother, Mr. and Mrs. Alex Polchies o f
W oodstock, N.B.; two sons, Rodney
and Mark, both o f Houlton; three
brothers, Terry o f Bangor, Valentino
and Robert o f W oodstock, N.B.; two
sisters. Miss Mavis Polchies o f
Bridgeport, Conn., Mrs. Beverly
Boyce o f Houlton; several nieces and
nephews. Funeral Mass was celebrated
at St. Mary’ Church, with the Rev.
s
Jo sp eh W . C a h ill officia tin g.
Interment will be in St. Mary’
s
Cemetery.
�
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
<em>Wabanaki Alliance</em> (March 1980)
Creator
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Indian Resource Center
Source
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Passamaquoddy Cultural Museum
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1980-03
Contributor
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Donald Soctomah
Julia Brush
Rights
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Steve Cartwright. Used with permission.
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English
Type
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Document
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pdf
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DV-443
-
https://www.dawnlandvoices.org/collections/files/original/0ca81743c00f612bb71681a29e913130.pdf
d4c5a41208ddfe9bbdf433badcc99b40
PDF Text
Text
W a lb a irick ici
A llia n ce
March 1981
At Indian Township
A roostook
Indian board
First Indian principal hired
INDIAN TOWNSHIP — Never before
has there been an Indian principal at a
reservation school in Maine.
fires leaders
HOULTON — The two lop officials of
Association of Aroostook Indians (AAI)
found themselves out of a job this month.
Fired were AAI Executive Director
Terry Polchies, and AAI Health and Social
Services Director James Wherry.
The dismissal action was reportedly
taken by the full AAI board of directors at
a closed meeting. Wherry was informed of
the decision by telephone; Polchies ap
parently was not officially notified, but
heard through other channels. Polchies is
chairman of the newly formed Houlton
Band of Maliseets, which will receive 5,000
acres through the Penobscot-Passamaquoddv claims settlement. Polchies re
tains that post..
Asked to comment on the firings, AAI
board President Clair (Al) Sabaltis said
the action was “indicated back in Jan
uary.” He cited insubordination, political
involvement and unauthorized expendii ures. as reasons for the firings.
Wherry, contacted by phone at his
Houlton home, declined comment on his
termination, but said he will probably
work — for free if necessary — for the
Houlton band council. He was assisting
Mashpee Indians in Massachusetts, at
press time, as a consultant.
Polchies. contacted at a Bangor address
where he reportedly lives most of the
time, said he “heard about it (his dis
missal) through Jim Wherry.” Polchies
said “it’ a few people who don’ know
s
t
what's going on," on the board, who made
the decision. Polchies has been involved
with AAI since its founding a number of
years ago.
The organization was supposed to serve
Maliseets and Micmacs from Houlton to
Caribou, but the Caribou office has been
closed for many months, and Micmacs
reportedly have little to do with AAI.
Polchies said AAI may "eventually” be
come a very small operation.
Russell Socoby, recently named vice
president of the AAI board, said he voted
for the firing of Polchies and Wherry, but
hopes they will appeal the action. So far.
Wherry has appealed, but not Polchies.
This month, Edmund F. Vandall, 51,
takes over as principal of Indian Township
elementary school. He.is a Turtle Moun
tain Chippewa-Cree, and told Wabanaki
Alliance he is delighted to finally be
working for Indian people, after a career
in non-Indian education.
Since their founding many decades ago,
the reservation schools have been staffed
by the Roman Catholic Sisters of Mercy.
Although lay teachers have been hired in
recent years, few of them are Indians, and
none of them held the position of principal.
No Catholic Sisters — who must be
certified as principals — were available to
fill a vacancy created by the recent resig
nation of Sister Anselma Colford as
THIS LAND IS YOUR LAND — Reuben [Butch] Phillips, Penobscot representative to
Township principal. So Maine Indian
the state legislature and a land claims negotiator, points to acreage that will be
Education Supt. Edward DiCenso adver
purchased by Penobscot Nation. Also at the tribal general meeting is lawyer Thomas N.
tised elsewhere.
Tureen, chin in hand. At left is deputy tribal clerk Lorraine Nelson. The Penobscots,
and their Passamaquoddy counterparts downeast, expect to complete purchasingDiCenso said his Calais office received
agreements with Dead River Company in the next few weeks. Some land will be within "three very, very
5m «v
v
designated “Indian cerriiory;’
,i^d^
non-taxable, and some.acquired land will.be applications, and he could have picked any
outside the territory, and will be owned and taxed accordingly.
one of them “blindfolded,” and been happy
with the choice. He said Vandall's Indian
background weighed in his favor.
This is your paper
Wabanaki Alliance, successfully published for three and one half
years, is on hard times, financially speaking.
Unless we receive support in the very near future, the newspaper
will fold. We have asked Tribal Governors Incorporated, o f Orono,
for assistance. We have asked the Penobscot Nation for their help.
The Passamaquoddy Tribe at Pleasant Point has refused to support
this newspaper. Please, readers, if you like Wabanaki Alliance, and
want it to continue, urge your tribal council members, and other
leaders, to give their unflinching support to your newspaper.
We have alway been a nonprofit, Indian newspaper, with an all
Indian board of directors. Wabanaki Alliance is the only regularly
published Indian newspaper on the eastern seaboard.
Let’ not let it die for want of a few thousand dollars.
s
Vandall’ family is involved in educa
s
tion. His brother, for example, is a dean at a
western Indian college. A native of North
Dakota, he attended Wolf Point School
system, on a Montana reservation. He
earned his BS and master’ dcgTec in
s
education from Westfield State College,
Massachusetts, and has attended Univer
sity of Hartford, American International
College, and University of Maine at
Orono.
For ten years, Vandall was principal of
Warsaw Junior High School in Pittsfield.
He has been principal of the elementary
school in Mallawamkeag, and pre-vocational teacher at Mattanawcook High
School in Lincoln, where he currently
makes his home.
Vandall said what brought him to New
England was marrying a Massachusetts
girl. He and his wife have two daughters.
Keeshone: a beaten child blames himself
By Diane Edwards
Keeshone was four when his mother
st arted drinking. His father had left home,
never to return again. His mother was
once pretty. Now she let herself go. She
looked like a woman of fifty, instead of
thirty-two. Her eyes showed the dark
circles of staying up too late drinking. Her
skin lost its smooth texture, and was now
rough and saggy.
Keeshone reached the age of six. She
would leave him alone at night by himself.
She couldn’ afford a babysitter because it
t
took from her “booze money.”
The little child would toddle into his
room and dress himself in his pajamas. He
would then climb in bed and softly cry
himself to sleep.
The next morning he would awake and
find his mother passed out on the couch.
With his little hand he would wipe the hair
out of her eyes. He loved his mommy very
much.
He didn’ know why or what he had
t
done to make his mother act this way. He
thought he must be a very bad boy.
One day, his mother had a man over.
They were drinking at the kitchen table.
They were very drunk, and talked in loud
voices.
Keeshone was drinking his milk at the
table. When he reached for his glass he
accidently knocked over his mother’
s
bottle of beer. It fell to the floor and broke
into a thousand pieces. It was her last
bottle of beer.
Her face reddened with rage. With one
quick backhand she knocked little
Keeshone from his chair. She leapt up and
grabbed him roughly by the arm. She
dragged him to the bedroom. She began to
beat him with her hands.
All you could hear was the sound of
slaps to his fragile little body. He cried
and begged her to stop, "No mommy, no,
please don’ But his pleas fell on deaf
t!"
ears.
Her boyfriend, in the kitchen, started to
rise from his chair. “Christ, she’ kill him,"
ll
he thought. He sat back down. If he butted
in, she’ probably get mad at him. He
d
didn't love her, but her welfare checks
sure came in handy.
In the months that followed, Keeshone’
s
(Continued on page 1 )
1
�Page 2
Wabanaki Alliance March 1981
editoriols
The winners
Has the impact of winning the Maine Indian land claims sunk in?
Or do Penobscots and Passamaquoddys even think they won?
As one tribal leader has observed, there was no dancing in the
streets. One might ask why.
One might think the tribes would have the wildest party of all time
after learning the settlement act passed Congress. The $81.5 million
award ain't chicken feed, after all. Tremendous possibilities occur:
the acquisition of valuable timberland and the Dead River mill in
Old Town; creation of new businesses, programs and services; a
model forest management program; and at least some per capita
benefits to tribal members.
True, there have been critics — silent now — who condemned the
settlement as a sell-out from the start. Go for more, they said. Don't
buy it. Go to court. But the best advice, a lot of it from tribal counsel
Tom Tureen, indicated the best deal could be realized through
negotiation.
No way could the tribes have acquired title to 12.5 million acres. In
fact, the 300.000 acre settlement is the largest o f its kind in the
nation. There were a few compromises, such as payments in lieu of
county taxes and some state jurisdiction on reservations, but hardly a
sell-out.
nno
.
. . . / v.L r i m i K,, A H
.
Ihe * enobscot-Passamaquoddy-MaUseet land claims neeo•team S ^ eS a comfortab,e' victorious pose outside the White House, after the
t/
1980 signing of the $81.5 million settlement act. Passamaquoddy Gov. J. H. Nicholas
holds Eagle quill used by President Carter to sign claims.
1Q
a
ftn
Wabanaki Alliance
Vol. 5, No. 3
March 1981
Published monthly by the Division of Indian Services |DIS| at the Indian
Resource Center, 95 Main St., Orono, Maine 04473. Telephone 1
2071 866-4903.’
Typeset by Old Town/Orono Times. Printed by Ellsworth American.
Member — Maine Press Association
Steven Cartwright. Editor
Cathy Hurd, Editorial Assistant
Reporters
Diane Newell Wilson
Brenda Polchies
Roberta Richter
Kathy Tomah
DIS Board of Directors
Edward Bassett, Passamaquoddy Tribe
Jean Chavaree Ichairman |
Donna Loring, Central Maine Indian Assoc.
George Tomer, Consultant
Jeannette Neptune. Community Development Director
Jeanette I.aPIante, Central Maine Indian Assoc.
Brenda Polchies, Assn, of Aroostook Indians
The major beneficiaries are Penobscot and Passamaquoddy
eople, but Maliseets were not left out, and will purchase 5,000 acres
f their own, under terms of the settlement. The Houlton Band of
faliseets is now federally recognized, and this status represents a
remendous stride toward guaranteed programs and benefits for
ndians of The County.
The only group ot Indians who may still be shivering are the
licmacs, who are not party to the settlement. However, if
ooperation and unselfishness prevail, they too may reap benefits
om the new Indian prosperity.
The times are very promising, and yet the good news o f the land
laims hasn’ been appreciated. Perhaps when the tremendous
t
dministrative responsibility of the settlement is met, and under
Dntrol, people will begin to understand the achievement o f tribal
egotiators and their counsel, Tom Tureen.
Perhaps the celebration must be postponed. Something so
.vesome and complex as the land claims takes time to figure out.
ltimately, the $81.5 million can benefit every tribal member of the
enobscot and Passamaquoddy nations. It’ an inspiring thought,
s
ad a challenge to the current tribal leaders.
The 1980 federal settlement is unprecedented in U.S. history,
ather than dwell on what the tribes “gave up” in the settlement —
indeed they relinquished anything they already held — let us
insider what the tribes gained. They gained essential protection of
leir land and tribal status. These are the ingredients of survival.
Phone 827-6219
Phone 532-7317
Phone 853-4654
Phone 796-2301
Pleasant Point
Indian Island
Old Town
Indian Island
Indian Township
Old Town
Houlton
DIS is an agency of Diocesan Human Relations Services, Inc. of Maine. Sub
scription to this newspaper are available by writing to Wabanaki Alliance, 95
Main St.. Orono, Me. 04473. Diocesan Human Relations Services and DIS are a
non-profit corporation. Contributions are deductible for income tax purposes.
Rates: $5 per year 1 issues); S6 Canada and overseas; S10 for institutions
12
|schools, government, business, etc.]
NEW STAFF — Cathy Hurd, left, a Micmac, is welcomed to the Wabanaki Alliance staff
by board chairman Jean Chavaree of Indian Island. Cathy will be special assistant to the
editor. Cathy, raised in Milbnocket and a resident of Bangor, is married and has one
daughter. Her parents live at Restigouche Reserve in new Brunswick. Cathy is
sponsored through CETA, by Central Maine Indian Association.
�Wabanaki Alliance March 1981
Page 3
letters
Please renew
Ames, Iowa
To the editor:
Please renew my subscription to the
Wabanaki Alliance. I really enjoy the
newspaper and look forward to each issue,
especially since I now live in Iowa — so far
from my home state of Maine.
Thank you for keeping me informed on
what’ happening in Maine. Keep up the
s
good work.
Judy Paynter Sullivan
A suggestion
Greenwich, Ct.
To the editor:
My current subscription runs through
April. But since the fact came to my
attention now I think I had better renew a
bit early, or I may quite forget about it for
months. I would like to renew for another
year. Enclosed is a check for $5.00 to cover
this.
Would appreciate a calendar, well in
advance, or tribal related events, such as
the seminar for teachers last fall. Is that a
feasible addition for you to make to the
paper on a regular basis? Find I learn of
these things too late, and often they would
have been1very helpful to my current
studies of the Maine tribes and others of
the Woodland area.
Judith Schmidt
Likes flashback
Wells
To the editor:
Enclosed please find check for $10.00. I
would like to renew my subscription and a
gift subscription. For Indians not living on
the reservation, the paper keeps us
informed on what is going on. We also love
the Flashback pictures. Some we re
member and some we don’
t.
Leslie Ranco
Very informative
Dover-Foxcroft
To the editor:
Enclosed is a check for $5.00. Please
enroll me as a monthly subscriber of your
very informative magazine.
Carla J. Bragan
They enjoy it
San Francisco
To the editor:
Enclosed find check to renew my sub
scription. We sure do enjoy the paper,
keep up the good work.
Francis & Phyllis Nicola
Doing research
Lewiston
To the editor:
I am doing research on Maine history
for my class at Mid-State Business School
in Auburn.
I would appreciate any information you
could forward to me.
Kathleen Hall
Teamwork helps
Matthew Dana, Passamaquoddy at Indian Township, is ready to coach friend Renita
Brown of Princeton, in ambulance service techniques. He has been an Emergency
Medical Technician [EMT] for the tribal ambulance service for one year; she will take
her EMT test this spring.
Congratulations
West Booth bay
To the editor:
I have subscribed to Wabanaki Alliance
since April 1979 and want you to know
that I have found it very informative and
containing many articles that were of:
extreme interest to me. I wish to con
gratulate you and your staff for a job well
done. Enclosed, please find my check for a
renewed subscription. Also, if it is
possible to obtain any copies of Wabanaki
Alliance prior to April 1979, I would
appreciate this. Thank you, and keep up
the good work.
Ted Creaser
C o n fe re n c e on
N o rth e a st T r ib e s a n d C o m m u n itie s:
E n e rg y N e e d s a n d A lte rn a tiv e s
T r ib a l/ C o m m u n it y R e s o u r c e s
E c o n o m i c D e v e lo p m e n t
T r ib a l E n e r g y N e e d s
H u m a n R e s o u r c e D e v e lo p m e n t
U rb a n N ativ e E n e r g y C o n c e r n s
S ta te / T rib a l P la n n in g
D e v e lo p in g T e c h n o lo g i e s
N o n - fe d e ra l T r i b e s a n d S t a t e s
T r ib a l C o n s e r v a t io n / D e v e lo p m e n t
C a n a d ia n T r ib e s a n d E n erg y
S t a t e / F e d e r a i E n e rg y P o lic y
E n e r g y In fo r m a tio n R e s o u r c e s
�Page 4
Wabanaki Alliance March 1981
A remnant of state
'f „ l r r
End of state Indian Affairs
Coulter needs lawyer
WASHINGTON — The Indian Law Re
source Center here is seeking applicants
for the position of Staff Attorney in their
Washington, D.C. office.
As an Equal Opportunity Employer and
a non-pro fii public micros! Jau- firm, (he
center represents indigenous populations
in North and Latin America. Successful
applicants will be familiar with litigation,
historical research, educational writing,
legal representation in trial and appellate
practice before domestic tribunals, and
the application of international human
rights law to Indian affairs before the
United Nations and other international
bodies.
Robert T. Coulter is executive director
ol the Indian Law Resource. Center.
Coulter unsuccessfully attempted to
overturn the Maine Indian land claims
settlement last year, on grounds it was a
sell-out for the tribes.
Indian Affairs survives
AUGUSTA — The sLate Department of
Indian Affairs (DIA), officially terminated
Jan. 31, hasn't quite disappeared.
First, the Houlton DIA office has been
given a reprieve, and will be funded for a
few more months to serve needy Indian
people of the area. One factor in keeping
the Houlton door open was a flood of some
200 letters from Indian people, some
signed only by an “X".
Second, at the former DIA office
building on Indian Island, agent Lawrence
Finch expects to continue dispensing
welfare through federal channels, as an
employee of the Penobscot Nation.
Gone, however, is the complex in the
state office building at Augusta, and the
commissioner’ job that went with it.
s
Charles (Chuck) Rhynard stepped down
officially on Dec. 31,1980. Closed too is the
DIA office at Calais, that served the two
Passamaquoddy reservations. Pleasant
Point and Indian Township.
“The DIA was de-funded, if you will, the
first of July 1980 ... it-technically rode on
the books until (Presiderit) Carter signed
the appropriations bill for the Department
of the Interior” to fund the $81.5 million
land claims settlement, Rhynard ex
plained.
Rhynard has taken a job as director of
development for Hurricane Island Out
ward Bound School, in Rockland. A state
plan to shut down DIA hinged on the
federal budget approval last December.
"At that moment I ceased being com
missioner any more, and at that moment
all state laws applying to IndianSvwere
repealed," Rhynard said. (There are few
exceptions to the repeal, and tribes are
fighting a state plan to withdraw financial
support of tribal housing authorities.]
Actually, Gov. Joseph Brennan two
years ago proposed a zero budget for DIA,
but some funds werfe restored, notably
$55,000 for Maine Indian scholarships.
State Rep. Michael Pearson of Old Town
was especially influential in keeping
Indian education funds in the budget.
After Brennan wiped out the budget, on
paper at least, DIA was never officially
funded again. But last spring, in an
eleventh hour move following passage of
the land claims settlement enabling act,
the Legislature funded an office of tran
sitional service's, to the tune of $285,000.
Rhynard said each tribe received about
$60,000 for things like fuel oil and street
lights.
Avis W. Giggey, a DIA accountant in
the Augusta head office since 1966, has,
along with colleague Chris Glazier, found
employment. Rhynard said he wanted to
make sure DIA employees found new jobs
before he himself left.
Vergie Johnson, who managed the
Calais office, retired July 1 1980. She
,
started work at $28 per week, 34 years
ago. Interviewed prior Lo her retirement,
to Robbinston, her .home, Johnson said
“The Indians have been wonderful and
very understanding." She recalled the
time 150 Indians showed up to celebrate
her 30th year of service.
In her final days, Johnson tried to take
care of medical problems only. She had
some explaining to do, to clients, she said,
and she criticized the handling of tran
sitional money. The transitional budget
should have been set up earlier, she said.
Rhynard said another office may sur
vive in a new guise.
The Houlton office, which serves off
reservation Micmacs and Maliseets, may
conLinue under another state department.
Rhynard said the chances of survival for
the office are “excellent,” because director
Dawn Kirlin, who has managed the office,
since it. opened in 1973, “has done such an
outstanding job.” Kirlin is very popular
with the Indian community in her region.
Rhynard said in his last days, while he
had the title of commissioner and some
“clout," he helped push for a line item to
carry the Houlton office under the state
emergency appropriations bill, from Feb
ruary to July.
That bill has not yet been passed, and
Kirlin said this month she is “living from
day to day.” Eventually, she hopes the
Department of Human Services could
fund her program, which costs $28,000 per
year. She said many people do not realize
that most of her clients are not entitled to
any benefits of the land claims settlement.
She had about 800 clients, at last count.
Rhynard reflects on work
"I think there were at least as many
failures as successes," Rhynard said
modestly, reflecting on his service as
commissioner. He tried to get Bar Harbor
Airlines to serve Princeton. They agreed,
but the deal fell through. Rhynard helped
initiate an automotive apprenticeship pro
gram at Indian Island for out-of-work
young men. It was successful for several
months.
Charles Rhynard
Rhynard assisted John Love of Indian
Island in getting started with his auto
service station, now a going business on
the reservation.
Rhynard helped start tribal vegetable
gardens, assisted by Finch. The garden
idea took root at Indian Island, but
community gardens at the Passama
quoddy reservations were abandoned
after the first year.
Not one to be neutral on issues,
Rhynard has sometimes clashed with
Indian people, but has also earned respect
and friendship. “Although I didn’ work to
t
try to make friends, but determine a level
of mutual respect, I did make many
friends," he said.
Rhynard said he valued his experience
in Indian Affairs. He had a dream of an
interconnected industry of timber har
vesting, saw mill and furniture factory, at
Indian Township. lie believes in self-suf
ficiency and free enterprise.
Rhynard said all tribal ties with state
government should not be severed, but a
relationship should be maintained on
�Wabanaki Alliance March 1981
Page
Crazy Horse sculptor moves 7 million tons of granite
1959-60
395,000 tons removed (1,325.000 to date).
Sculptor has first cat working on top (more
rapid progress clearing arm). Korczak breaks right wrist and thumb.
i '- ftl I - H /
removed from arm. Korczak
again turns down $10 million dollars from
federal government. Builds sunroom and workshop, roof over visitor
viewing porch, large garage and machine shop. Drills new well for
studio-home. Sculptor gives his mahogany portrait of Chief Standing
Bear to President John F. Kennedy. Crazy Horse School opens
Korczak s first spinal operation (two discs removed).
1963
Builds theater.
200,000 tons removed (2,000.000 to date). Finishes clear
ing Indian's arm. Blasts new road to top of horse's head.
S J j O / B — fflh i!
l
emuveu from top norse s mane
a" d Indians pointing finger. Builds 26 ton
scaffold on tracks in front of Crazy Horse's face. Korczak makes 16 ton
(l/34th scale) plaster model of Crazy Horse and finishes poem he will
carve on the mountain. Drills 377' deep well. Modernizes public
restrooms. Admission fee $1.00 for those over 1 Korczak's second
6.
spinal operation (one disc removed).
SCULPTOR KORCZAK ZIOLKOWSKI, 72, with his original marble m<Kicl tor his
Crazy Horse Mountain Carving, the largest sculptural undertaking the world has ever
known. In 34 years he has blasted off nearly 6.8 million tons of granite from the epic
mountain carving, which is 563 feet high and 641 feet long.
CRAZY H O R S E MOUNTAIN: 1948 - 1980
Black Hills, South Dakota
"I Q Q Q Summer: Korczak Ziolkowski, Boston-born sculptor.
* - * J U * J works at Mt. Rushmore as assistant to Sculptor Gutzon
Borglum. Fall: Sioux Chiefs ask Korczak to carve a mountain for them.
The Indians choose Crazy Horse.
1Q4fl
Sculptor come3 t0 S- Dak- from Conn. Meets Chief
Henry Standing Bear, makes clay model of Crazy
| C j/ 4 ^
X .U
A
1Q4fi
O
.
It)
Korczak sculpts 13‘ foot high memorial to
A
Noah Webster as gift to West Hartford, Conn.
Korczak serves in the U.S. armed forces in Europe
X
during WW II (landed on Omaha Beach). Decides to ac
cept the Indian’ invitation. Indians insist the Memorial be in their
s
sacred Black Hills. The sculptor and Standing Bear search the Black
Hills for the “righ t" mountain.
"I 0 ^ 7
Korczak arrives at Crazy Horse May 3rd with $174 left;
* •
hves * a tent- builds the original log cabin studio-home.
n
Korczak is 38.
"1
Dedication ceremonies June 3rd attended by five surviX
vors of the Battle of Little Big Horn. Sculptor "singlejacks holes for the first blast, which removes 10 tons. Crazy Horse
Memorial Fundation formed August 16th. Korczak digs wells, builds
roads, works on studio-home. Winter: he builds 741 step staircase to
mountain top (elevation 6.740' above sea level);
1 Q 4 Q
97,000 tona blasted off (horizontal cut for horse's lower
X
mane). Sculptor works alone with a jackhammer
powered by a gas compressor (the old Buda) at foot of mountain. Con
necting pipeline runs 2040’ up and across the mountain. IRS makes
Crazy Horse Memorial tax exempt November 28th.
1 Q
0
W°rks 9econd summer on mountain (mane cut). Thanksgiving Day marries Ruth Ross. First admission fee 50'
per adult (1948-49 contributions average 5' a person visiting the
studio). Builds 32‘addition to veranda.
X
i
X Q jij X
^ orczak Paints outline on mountainside. Six foot wide
lines take 174 gallons of white paint.
15
92
Starts cut for Indian's profile- "Bucket” (run by anti
que Chevy engine) working to take supplies to top of
horse s head. Electric compressor now at base of mountain.
I
Sculptor cuts down below Indian’9 no9 f
Purchases first “cat" bulldozer. Chief Stand
mg Bear dies. Korczak turns down $10 million from federal govern
ment. Crazy Horse Foundation purchases 328 acres at mountain fror
federal government. Modern milking parlor begins operation, Architec
tural model delivered at Crazy Horse. Admission to 75‘ an adult
1
630'00 t0nS removed t0 date- Korczak works all winter
-I.
on road up back of mountain to top. Moves Buda com
pressor up on arm (shorter airline gives more power). Now able to use
wagon drill as well as jack-hammers and jack-leg.
§
300,000 tons cleared from arm. Constructs
Avenue of Chiefs (gravel) direct from port of
entry to studio-home. Lumber mill begins operation.
1966-67
450,000 tons removed from upper mane and
Indian’ chest (2,800,000 to date). Electricity
s
to top of mountain and first electric compressor taken all the wav up.
Charles A. Morss Bridge built at entrance to Crazy Horse. Road and
parking lot blacktopped. Builds octagonal dinning room. Korczak's
third spinal operation (two discs removed).
"I
hirst cut into tunnel (75.000 tons removed). Korczak
-1- V U U
has slight heart attack. U.S. Post Office open April 1st
at Crazy Horse (57730). Charles Eder’ Indian Collection and Ebell’
s
s
Egyptian furninshings given to Crazy Horse.
I V||-|V|
/ 1
LU removea (O U U to date).
fia
.ZU .U U
X
V F t/
# \ J Tunnel under Crazy Horse's arm through the
mountain. Korczak purchases D-9 cat and acquires new compressor, air
trac, huge cat-drill-compressor. Eight of Korczak’ marble portraits
s
vandalized at entrance to studio-home. Sculptor receives honorary
Doctorate from Fairfield University. Conn. Korczak has massive heart
attack.
"I 0 * 7 "I 200000 tona removed. Korczak enlarges tunnel and
X
« X begins roughing out the horse's head. Out of debt for
first time. Korczak begins his tomb near base of mountain.
I
tons removed. Very dangerous bulldozing at
9 * * toP of b o le 's head. Winter; sculptor and sons build
Indian Museum and new restrooms. Additional water system including
new well and drain field. Admission to $4.00 a car.
f- y
19/3
200,000 tons removed. Museum opens May 30th.
1 Q 7 4
30°’
000 tons amoved (4.100,000 to date). Upper half
. , * * horse's head roughed out. New road on back of moun
tain. Indian Collection of Chief Luther Standing Bear and Sunflower
given to Korczak. Sculptor receives Trustee Award from National
Western Heritage and Cowboy Hall of Fame.
�ge (
i
Wabanaki Alliance March 1981
First firemen's
ball a success
INDIAN ISLAND — There have been
my firsts at the Penobscot Nation in
cent months. One of the latest is a
ilunteer fire department, with fully
pupped engine, that organizers hope L
o
• velop info a crack outfit.
A first annual ball took place recently to
>nor the new department and its
embers. A smorgasbord dinner was
ilored by Happy Hamilton in the tribal
• alth center.
Tribal Gov. Timothy Love declared,
t’ more than appropriate that we
s
scognize Fred Becker’ efforts as fire
s
lief. Five years ago, when none of these
hidings were standing . . . few people
lalized the dangers of fire,” he said.
“There’ some things we can’ take for
s
t
• anted. A life, when it comes to fire, is
ie of those," Love told the assembled 50
irsons. He said the firemen showed
idication. “From everybody, from the
hole Nation, I say thank you."
The personnel of the fire department
re as follows: Chief Becker; Lt. Ken Paul,
t Andy Akins; firemen Francis Sapiel,
.
Iarv Dana Neptune, Robert (Red) Bart?L John Bartlett, David Hamilton, David
l.
dmenas, Burnell Mitchell, David Sapiel
nd Richard Sapiel.
dental services, and an elderly program
directed by Nancy Soctomah of Pleasant.
Point.
A full time dentist had begun work the
day of the interview, and a full time
physician recently joined the staff, which
numbers 25 persons.
For a fiscal year ending June 30, 1981
IHS budget for Pleasant Point totals
$833,383. The budget for the Penobscot
health center at Indian Island is somewhat
higher, at $910,687; and the budget at
Indian Township is set at $641,736.
Budgets have not yet been submitted for
fiscal 1982.
IHS personnel nare the support staff of
‘
technical programs, of tribal health pro
grams. They’ very helpful. They've
re
always been very cooperative," Soctomah
said.
Health philosophy
The clinic at Pleasant Point doesn’ just
t
dole out services to tribal members.
Although there is no charge for treat
ment, patients and clients must assume
responsibility for their own health. All of
the staff interviewed seemed aware of the
center’ obligation Lo teach preventive
s
care . . . with the ultimate goal of people
taking care of themselves, and therefore
needing the health center less and less.
According Lo Soctomah, the staff tries
to “look at the whole person; deal with
him on an individual, holistic level."
As Nurse Hazel Dana explains, “We’
re
in a good position to improve the health of
the whole community. This is what it’ all
s
about, learning to take care of yourself.”
Dana is dismayed at the absence of a
mental health worker, created when
Pamela Taylor left for other employment,
after two years wiLh the tribal health
department. “We lost a very valuable
person when we lost our mental health
worker,” she said. The position is being
advertised.
Dana mentioned what is probably t.he
most deep-set and controversial problem
on the reservation: alcoholism. “Alcohol
ism is a community problem,” she said,
adding, “it’ a social problem as well. It’
s
s
nost just a health problem.
“Call it holistic or whatever you want. It
has to do with the whole person,” Dana
said in reference to alcohol abuse. “What
is the alternative.” she asked, considering
a 70 per cent jobless rate at Pleasant
Point.
Dana is proud to be a member of the
health center staff. “We’ reevaluated
ve
our purposes and goals from time to time,
HEALTHY BABY — Paul Claroni, physician’ assistant at Pleasant Point health center,
s
and I’ really glad to know that at least
m
checks heartbeat of Tammy Lynn Bailey, born Dec. 10, 1980, at eight pounds, three we agree.” She has been associated with
ounces. Tammy is the daughter of Alberta, left, and John Bailey of Pleasant Point.
the tribal health program since 1978,
having returned to the reservation eight
years ago, with her family. A graduate of
Shead High School in Eastport, she
underwent nurses training at Carney
Hospital in South Boston.
Also a Pleasant Point native and Shead
graduate is director, Madonna Soctomah.
Now 38, she has attended Husson College
in Bangor, and University-of Wisconsin.
She has completed courses at University
of New Hampshire, and University of
Maine at Machias.
She has been a teacher aide at the
reservation school, and secretary to Gov.
PLEASANT POINT - Since n grand
opening last summer, the Pleasant Point
Passamaquoddy tribal health center has
been gathering momentum, and is now in
full operation.
The core of the clinic is Director
Madonna Soctomah, Medical Social
Worker Doris Kirby, Health Planner
Mary Altvater, and Nurse Supervisor
Hazel Dana, sister of the director.
“Doris, Mary and Hazel, they’ the
re
backbone of this operation," said Soc
tomah, during an interview in her brand
new office in the low-slung, attractive
building on the reservation. “They’
ve
been just excellent people in supporting
community needs,” she added. “Every
month, the patient load is increasing.”
Mohawks plan
Maine lecture
INDIAN ISLAND — Three spokesmen
or the traditionalist movement at
tkwesasne reservation in New York state
re tentatively scheduled to speak at
Jniversity of Maine at Orono.
Vicki Akins of Indian Island confirmed
hat three speakers are lined up for
JMO’ distinguished lecture series, for a
s
iresentation at 137 Bennett Hall, at 7
.m., april 2 .
-3
Topics include long house midwifery,
nvironmental issues such as nuclear
ower, sovereign rights, and traditional
iniily and tribal roles.
Co-sponsors are Maine Peace Action
Committee, and the Distinguished Lecure Series. A potluck Indian social is
lanned.
For more information call 827-3262.
Show BiA card
A Bureau of Indian Affairs official
stopped at a farm on a large reserva
tion, approached the Indian farmer and
showed him a card.
"I’ from the BIA," he announced.
m
"This card authorizes me to inspect
your farm."
The Indian nodded.
A short time later, the Indian heard
frantic screams coming from his pas
ture. Looking, he saw an angry bull
chasing the BIA official full-speed
across the field.
From the fence, the Indian shouted
out, “Show him your card!"
Francis undergoes
Kirby, a former Catholic sister, has
been a prime mover and founding organiz
er of the full service clinic, funded by
contract with the federal Indian Health
Service (IHS).
"The people that come here that we deal
with, I believe, are satisfied. It’ a
s
beautiful looking building. We’ very
re
pleased with the layout; it fits our needs,”
said Soctomah, a firm but quiet-spoken
mother of three.
“The construction materials could have
been better quality,” she acknowledged.
“It would have made for better privacy.”
Indian Township, the Passamaquoddy
reservation at Princeton, offers some,
health services, but does not yet have a
clinic building. So Pleasant Point shares
fire training
INDIAN ISLAND - Joseph (Jo-Jo)
Francis has completed four, two hour
sessions that taught him forest fire fight
ing techniques.
Francis, acting fire prevention officer
for Penobscot Nation, said his training
was offered through the Maine forestry
service. He plans to organize three, five
man crews as fire fighting units. U.S.
Forestry training is anticipated at a later
date, he said.
Beattie Nicholas, dental assistant, and her boss, dentist Ross Greenlaw.
�Wabanaki Alliance March 1981
cisant Point health center
Francis J. Nicholas. Married for ten years
and now divorced, she has three children,
Susan, Patty and Jamie. She is currently
engaged to tribal Police Chief Don Lemos.
Recently, Soctomah spent three weeks
in health service training in Okalhoma
City. “I enjoy my work very much. I just
wish I could get more support from my
superiors,” she said, apparently referring
to the tribal administration. “I would just
like a better working relationship,” she
said.
Like Dana, Soctomah has worked for
the health service a couple of years. She
returned to live on the reservation about
five years ago.
Peter Bailey has been assistant director
since Oct. 29, 1980. He said his job is to
"make sure of the security and mainten
ance of the building.” He is also procure
ment officer for the health center.
Another graduate of Shead, Bailey major
ed in elementary education at University
of Maine at Orono, and minored in
- sociology. He formerly worked in the
tribal planning department, and has
taught at Indian Island elementary school.
Two graduates of Dartmouth College —
originally founded as as Indian school —
serve the reservation clinic (which serves
Indians within a certain radius of Pleasant
Point).
Dr. Randall H. Silver of Ellsworth is the
supervising physician, part time, at both
Pleasant Point and Indian Township.
Working full time, at Pleasant Point, is
Paul Claroni, a physician’ assistant who
s
lives with his family in Eastport. Besides
Dartmouth, he attended Keene State
College in New Hampshire, and Univer
sity of Massachusetts.
Taking a five minute break between
patients in his two examining rooms,
Claroni stated, “What we try to do during
the day is see as many people as possible
to cut down the middle of the night calls.”
Claroni said the staff is “definitely a
team.” He said progress in improving
health quality on the reservation is good.
“I’ like to see it even faster, but there’
d
s
enough progress.”
Doris Kirby, medical social worker, was
busy the day of this reporter’ visit, but
s
she said things at the health center were
"going well.”
Just starting work was tribal dentist,
W. Ross Greenlaw, a former high school
teacher and graduate of Tufts University
dental school. "I’ happy to be here. It’
m
s
an exciting proposition to practice dentis
try in an ideal setting,” he said.
Greenlaw’ father was a Princeton
s
native, and the younger Greenlaw spent
summers near the two Passamaquoddy
reservations, attending the Catholic
churches there. He has lived in Kentucky
and Massachusetts, and is now building a
house for his family in Pembroke.
Greenlaw is a University of Maine at
Orono graduate, holds a master’ degree
s
from Colby College, and plays bluegrass
banjo and dobro.
He likes that the health center is non
profit; “there’ no sales, it’ not a
s
s
business.” Also, he said, “I plan to use my
experience as an educator to develop
preventive education programs." (He may
take his banjo into the classroom.)
Greenlaw will work with Beatrice
(Beattie) Nicholas, his dental assistant,
and Mike Farrell, a dental lab technician
who contracts with the clinic.
Commenting on his job in general,
Greenlaw declared, “It’ wonderful if you
s
view this as a healLh team, and dentistry
as just one aspect of it.”
Madonna Soctomah said all aspects of
health must be considered, but "the
biggest medical need that has not been
addressed here at Pleasant Point is
alcohol and related problems.” Later, she
repeated the clinic’ philosophy; “Our
s
objective is preventive care and the
holistic approach to health care.”
There are many aspects to the health
center, not least of which is a comfortable
waiting area, and a friendly, concerned
but informal atmosphere.
“Right now, we’ working on trying to
re
get all the pre-school kids up to date on
their immunizations. Then there’ co
s
ordination with outside agencies," Hazel
Dana explained.
Other employees or Pleasant Point
health center are Maxwell Barnes, James
Barnes, Gene Francis, Shelvadine Francis,
Alvera Farrell, Harold Macllroy, Barbara
Newell, Vera Francis, Catherine Nicholas,
Alice Holey, Beatrice Soctomah, Nancy
Soctomah, Linda Seiler, Geneva Taylor,
John Taylor, Harold Socobasin, Cindy
Pond.
Tribal Health Director Madonna Soctomah.
Page 7
Indian scholarships
at UMO not hurt
by land claim
ORONO — University of Maine
Indian scholarship aid will not be
adversely affected by the $81.5 million
settlement of Indian' land claims, an
official says.
Ted Mitchell, a Penobscot in charge
of UMO’ Indian Program s and
s
Services, stated that free room, and
board and tuition is still available to
Indian students at the university. The
policy began in 1972, after a decision by
the UMO board of trustees.
Mitchell was interviewed by a re
porter for the student newspaper. The
Campus.
“It will be a long time before
American Indians are caught up educa
tionally with other groups," said Mit
chell. “Historically, American Indians
have never had the opportunity to
achieve anything in secondary school
or college. This is why they have been
offered this opportunity.”
Mitchell said it was up to the
trustees as to whether the settlement
had any effect on the Indians. The
trustees had not considered the ques
tion yet. He hoped the settlement
would not have any effect on the
students.
“I don’ know what the forseeable
t
future holds,” Mitchell said. “I don’
t
exactly know whaL we would do if the
funds are cut for the students. The
issues are very complex, each student
would have to be dealt with individu
ally.”
To receive funding, students must
apply and fill out a questionnaire. They
must have an affidavit validating their
tribal affiliation. The student must
have lived in Maine for one year.
Mitchell said if the settlement should
affect the students, it would mean a
great deal of students attending would
not be able to come to school.
“Nationally the schools are playing
catch up with the native American
population across the country," Mit
chell said. “I hope the trustees will be
favorable to us.”
New Yorker to
feature Maine Indians
NEW YORK CITY — Word has it that
the prestigious New Yorker magazine
plans to publish a serial feature story on
the Penobscot-Passam aquoddy land
claims, and Maine Indians in general. The
articles were written by Paul Brodeur,
who has written for The New Yorker
about Mashpee Indians on Cape Cod. No
publication date was known at press time.
HARDWARE
& GUN SHOP
TOM VICAIRE, Proprietor
The only Indian-owned hardware
business in the State of Maine
“We’ eager to do business with people
re
in the Indian community,” says Tom.
The store carries a full line of tools,
electrical and plumbing supplies, paint
and housewares. Also, a selection of fine
new and used guns.
See Our Garden Supplies and Tools
For all your hardware and
hunting needs, visit —
MATTAWAMKEAG HARDWARE &
GUN SHOP
and sample some good Indian hospitality
and service.
w m
Mike Farrell, dental lab technician, at work on denture.
�1age 8
’
Wabanaki Alliance March 1981
Indians tell 'horror stories'
to tribunal in Holland
For six days Iasi November. Indian ancestral lands to white border towns a
peoples from a dozen countries gathered in hundred miles away.
Rotterdam to present testimony before a
In G u a te m a la , the army moved in 1976
jury of scholars and human rights advo
to occupy the lands o f the Quiche and lxile
cates from three continents.
Indians, who are peasant farmers. The
The focus o f this, the Fourth Russell
purpose was to facilitate a takeover by
Tribunal, was the rights of the Indians of large landowners and multinational corpo
North, Central and South America. Due to rations. The Guatemalan government was
time restrictions, a limit o f 1 cases were charged with abuses ranging from disrup
4
heard. The tribunal returned a verdict of tion o f religious practices to kidnapping
guilty on all 1 counts.
4
and torture.
Many of the summaries of evidence
The Guaymi People of P a n a m a were
read like a collection o f horror stories,
subjected to destruction o f their traditional
ranging from plain old injustice to charges ways and eviction from their lands after the
of genocide. Some o f the alleged crimes are discovery o f copper there in 1971. Four
centuries old; others occurred in 19
80.
years later Texas Gulf and a state enter
The Nishnawbe-Aski Nation accused
prise. the Mining Development Corpora
the provincial government of Ontario and tion of Ccrro Colorado, were given the gothe federal government o f C a na d a of mak
ahead to explore the Guaymis' agricultural
ing an illegal treaty in 19 Officials ne
05.
land.
glected to explain that one o f the treaty's
The R e p o rt on the T o n rth R u sse ll T r i
provisions was the irrevocable surrender of b u n a l obviously does not make for light
their territorial rights.
reading. Seven world governments were
I he Amkamek and Montagnais judged and found wanting under such
brought a similar charge against the Cana
agreements as the International Declaradian government. A bill passed by the i lion of Human Rights and the International
Convention on Racial Discrimination.
House o f Commons in 1977, designed to
clear the way for hydroelectric projects in Though the judgments seem to be a triumph
lor the rights of indigenous peoples, they
northwest Quebec, unilaterally extin
are overshadowed in that they carry only
guished their land rights.
moral weight.
Traditional Mohawks (Haudenosaunee
Among more than a dozen recom
n
Confederacy) accused the U n ite d S tates
mendations were;
and New York state of imposing an alien
— a plea that Indian peoples be recognized
Vlison Sapiel explains the procedure,
form of government — the tribal council —
according to their own self-under
against the wishes o f the people. They also
standing rather than that o f the dominant
claimed their historic territory had been
society
guaranteed in various treaties with Great
— respect for treaties
Britain and, after the Revolution, by the
— respect for principles recognized by in
1 8 Treaty o f Fort Stanwix.
-7 4
ternational law
Traditional members o f the Hopi Na
— informing the U.N. Com m ission o f
tion accused the Hopi Tribal Council,
Human Rights, the Inter-American
which they view as an alien form o f gov
Commission on Human Rights and other
ernment. of signing contracts to exploit re
appropriate bodies about the 'gross and
sources on tribal lands, despite the opposi
continuous violations"
tion o f the (traditional) people.
— warning such organizations as the World
The Navajo o f the Big Mountain Dine
B y Rebecca Wassell
“ideal.” Sapiel holds a degree in botany,
Bank and International Monetary Fund
Spring has finally come to one small lives on Indian Island and spends about 20 Nation charged the U.S. government with
to shun development projects which
part of Indian Island as herb seedlings hours a week immersed in seed catalogs or wanting to relocate 6,000 people from their
harm indigenous peoples.
begin to sprout in the newly completed up to her elbows in dirt.
solar greenhouse off Riverview Rd.
“We have a few seedlings going
"We’ pretty happy with it," John already," she said last week inside the
re
Banks, Natural Resource director said last greenhouse. While the building resembles
week. The greenhouse, built under his a modern ski lodge, inside it is steeped in
direction last fall, was funded through an that unmistakable smell of warm, damp
$18,000 contract with the Bureau of Indian earth and fertilizer. Long rows of spruce
Affairs.
benches, built by Tom Stewart, Sr. of
If all goes well, the seedlings from the Indian Island, await dirt and plants.
greenhouse will be planted in two large
Sapiel said she does all her planting by
plots on the island later this spring. The the phases of the moon. The greenhouse
vegetables should feed about 100 senior can produce about 3,600 seedlings. Sapiel
citizens and low income families. Banks said she plans to grow some types of
said some of the produce will be sold.
flowers to use in pest control.
Equal Housing
The greenhouse is built in lean-to style,
“I read anything I can find on garden
M ain Street, Baring, M aine
one slanting wall covered with windows to ing, ’ she added. “— From botany text
OPPORTUNITY
3 bedroom, 2-car garage — $27,900.00 —
let in morning sun. Two hundred plastic books to Organic Gardening magazines.”
$200.00 D.P.
buoys line the back wall. Filled with water
The growing area of the greenhouse '
and warmed by the sun, they keep the measures 14x50 square feet. The seed
9 Academ y Street, Calais, M aine
temperature inside the greenhouse above lings will be planted in the 30,000 square
4 bedroom, ready to move into. Reduced to
freezing. A woodstove and electric heat foot tribal community garden and another
$27,500.00 — $500.00 D. P.
provide back-up warmth. Banks said a 4,500 square foot garden.
Su m m er Street, Calais, M aine
solar design greenhouse should become
Sapiel admits there are some flaws in
4 bedroom, new heating system —
self-sufficient, the money from the crops the greenhouse design. The building faces
$21,900.00 — $200.00 D.P.
providing capital to buy seeds, labor and 15 degrees east of true south which limits
M ain Street, Princeton, M aine
small amounts of energy.
some afternoon sun. There are no drains
4 bedroom — attached garage. Reduced to
Cucumber crops and bulging tomato in the cement floor or vents in the roof to
$26,000.00 — no D.P.
vines are still several months off, but release hot air in summer.
ANYONE CAN BUY
Alison Sapiel is doing her best to make it
“But those are things we just have to
YOU DON’ HAVE TO
T
happen. Her official title is Agriculture live with,” she said. “I can’ pick up the
t
BE A VETERAN
Extension Supervisor. What she does is building and move it, but there’ always a
s
See Your Local Real
plan and plant — a job she describes as bucket and a mop.”
Estate Broker Or
Contact
Penobscots greening up
with help from the sun
VETERANS ADMINISTRATION
Owned Homes For Sale
in Washington County
All VA financed
Calais hospital rejects crucifix offer
INDIAN TOWNSHIP - Philomene
Dana thought it would be a nice idea to
donate a religious cross to Calais Regional
Hospital, for the institution’ “quiet
s
room.” The hospital didn’ agree.
t
A letter from hospital board president
John C. Wiesendanger explained that the
quiet room was set up “with the intent
that it be used as a place for patients or
their families to go in times of distress
when quiet and solitude may be helpful.
Further, it has been our attempt to main
tain the room from a religious view as nondenominational setting. This approach has
also been supported by the local members
of the clergy,” Wiesendanger said.
The board president expressed his
appreciation for the offer.
Dana told Wabanaki Alliance she is dis
appointed at the rejection. She is a
member of St. Ann's Catholic Church, on
the reservation.
A t p r e v a ilin g in te r e s t ra te s
VETERANS ADMINISTRATION
LOAN GUARANTY DIVISION
TOGUS, MAINE 04330
Tel. 207-623-8411 Ext. 433
�Wabanaki Alliance March 1981
Page 9
Commentary
Reagan's anti-Indian policy assessed
By Dr. Dean Chavers
President, Bacone College
Once again, as in the 1930’ and in the
s
1950’ the future of Federal Indian policy
s,
is uncertain, as a new President takes
office and begins what he promised would
be. a landmark administration. During the
campaign, Mr. Reagan came out with
position statements on Indian policy which
were clearly pro-Indian and in favor of
maintaining the autonomy and sanctity of
tribal governments. But after the election,
the jockeying for position in the Cabinet
began, and his choice for Secretary of the
Interior, the chief Indian policy maker and
implementer, is apparently anti-Indian.
Very soon after the new government
takes office, it will become evident
whether the President’ stated campaign
s
promises will become translated into
policy, or whether James Watt, the new
Secretary of the Interior designate, will
prevail, and formulate policies which are
anti-Indian.
In an interview published in the
Mantaba Messenger, an Indian weekly in
Arizona, during the campaign, Mr. Reagan
stated that he is in favor of tribal
sovereignty and self-deLermination, or the
right of the tribes to govern themselves.
Mr. Watt, in his role as president and chief
legal officer of the Mountain States Legal
Foundation, has previously filed an amicus
curiae brief with the Ninth Circuit Court
in the case of the U.S. vs. Truckee-Carson
Irrigation District in which he described
the tribe asserting its water rights under
treaty as a “special interest group.”
There is a world of difference between
the two points of view. Mr. Watt, who has
headed the Mountain States Legal Foun
dation in Denver since it began in 1977,
apparently views Indian tribes as just
another minority group in the American
melting pot., rather than thinking of Indian
tribes as “domestic dependent nations” as
defined by the Supreme Court over 150
years ago.
The National Congress of American
Indians (NCAI), which opposed Mr.
W att’ confirmation by the Senate, re
s
ported in the December 22 edition of its
Sentinel that Watt opposed the right of
the Jicarilla Apache tribe to tax oil and
gas production on its land, in another case
involving this tribe. Mr. Watt, in other
words, would take away the power of a
tribal government to levy taxes in its
jurisdiction, at least in some areas.
This point of view is also in contra
diction to the President's policy in the
Mantaba interview, in which he stated
that he was opposed to terminating the
special relationship of government to
government, which has historically existed
between the U.S. and the tribes. Mr.
Reagan further stated that tribal govern
ments would have the primary role in
Indian affairs in his administration, and
that the tribes would be consulted before
major decisions were made.
Mr. Reagan went on to say that he is in
favor of supporting tribal court systems,
without, however, being specific about
whether tribal courts should have juris
diction over non-Indians and their ac
tivities on reservations. “Indian com
munities must be protected against law
less action,” he said, “and I would welcome
advice on the matter from Indian govern
ments."
Mr. Watt, in contrast, in the Jicarilla
Apache case displayed “hostility to the
existence of any sovereign tribal authority
over reservation activities by non-mem
bers," the NCAI Sentinel reports. Under
Mr. W att’ administration, tribal courts
s
could be severely limited in their juris
diction and in their authority.
Mr. Reagan also stated that he was in
favor of economic self-sufficiency for
Indian tribes, and that this would-be a goal
of his administration. The emphasis, he
went on, should be on the development of
small business enterprises on reserva
tions, which would “result in the reduction
of income dependency and an increase in
productive employment — which are the
desires of Indian people."
Mr. Watt, however, in the TruckeeCarson case, stated that he was opposed
to “favorable rules for the benefit of a
relatively small number of Indians to the
detriment of the private water users."
Apparently he is opposed to letting
Indians have the opportunity to develop
their resources and become self-sustain
ing, and is therefore not concerned with
reducing the national unemployment rate
of forty percent among Indian people.
Mr. Watt has a reputation of being in
favor of development, and opposed to the
actions and policies of environmentalists,
and his confirmation was opposed vehe
mently by several environmental and
preservationist groups. Mr. Reagan also
made it clear in the Mantaba interview
that he was in favor of development of
natural resources. But he also made it
clear that he believed that tribal govern
ments should be involved in the decision
making process in developing resources
on their reservations.
There are obvious differences between
the public statements of Mr. Reagan and
Mr. Watt on Indian policy, and these
differences could have dire consequences
for tribal governments. Both are in favor
of development, but Mr. Reagan has ex
pressed a healthy respect for tribal
governments, while Mr. Watt has ex
pressed a feeling bordering on disdain for
the right of tribes to be self-governing.
Mr. Reagan has also promised that his
administration would have open com
munication with tribes, and would consult
with them before making major decisions.
He promised that the tribes themselves
would have the very important right to
determine criteria for tribal membership,
and that he would oppose unwarranted
interference in internal tribal affairs by
Federal bureaucrats.
Indian tribes will have special reason to
be on the alert for the first and succeeding
actions of Mr. Watt in Indian affairs for
the next four years.
Spaelimenninir musicians at work at Indian Island concert.
ADMINISTRATIVE ASSISTANT
For research and development team.
Urban Indian Center. Good typing
skills necessary. Full time. Salary
negotiable. Send resumes:
Glenn Savage
Boston Indian Council
105 South Huntington Avenue
Boston, MA 02130
�Page 10
Wabanaki Alliance March 1981
Penobscot governors through the years
By S. Glenn Starbird
A list of Penobscot tribal governors dating from 1867, the first year of the present Nicolar's dughter Florence Nicolar Shay, says in her "History of the Penobscot Tribe of
elective system, was supplied to Wabanaki Alliance and printed in the November 1980 Indians the he was governor but does not give the year. Largely by the process of
Governor in 1871. Joseph Nicolar was a member
edition. In that article I showed the Penobscot Government to have been in operation O f r o w p T
since the late 1500's, and quite likely long before. Following is the list of Governors and of the Old Party and died m 1894. He served many terms as Representative to the
st?te/ T
ecords of r» dian Representatives, which is complete from
Lieutenant Governors of the Penobscot Nation from 1867 to the present time with their 1 SOT+ iure and
l&Uto the present, we fmd Joseph Nicolar was representative in 1873. Therefore-1871
years of service and the political party to which each belonged that should have been
is the only year Nicolar could possibly have been Governor.
printed in the November issue of Wabanaki Alliance.
This list is culled from research in old Indian Agent's records, newspaper accounts
iQ9 a i°- ;r I6 f° [
heT hS ,™
we have no document proving who was Governor is 1923and the memories of older people in the tribe and every effort has been made to make it 1924. It is highly probable that Lawrence Mitchell was Governor in those years. Several
as accurate as possible. However, in a few cases no record of who was Governor or e ^ Stag° F^ C S ^ j nny ® “ C Save me the names of 31tha Governors in his lifetime
h
*
°
1
Lieutenant Governor has been found and so some blank spaces appear in the list. If even though he could not always remember the dates of when they served In every
anyone has information that would fill these blanks and complete the record it would be situation the men he named have been documented as having been Penobscm
greatly appreciated. One of the unknown years— 1871 - was probably the year Joseph „ ~
G
S
T '
Lawrence Mitchell as Governor but no newspapers or
Nicolar was Governor. Fannie Eckstorm in her book “Old John Neptune and other other record from the tune has yet established this. The only years unaccounted for
however are 1923-1924 and by the fact that Ranco has so far been proved 100 „
Maine Indian Shamans" on page 32 and again in the index of the same book on page 206
calls him Governor but unfortunately does not name the year or her source Joseph years’
reasonably safe to assume Lawrence Mitchell to have been Governor in those
�Page 1
1
Wabanaki Alliance March 1981
Keeshone:
hurt child
(Continued from page 1
)
mother drank more, and there were many
more beatings.
If the teacher at school noticed the
bruises on his body she never let on. It
was none of her business. His mother was
her cousin, and she didn’ want to
t
interfere with ‘family business.”
‘
Keeshone still loved his mother, al
though he was now afraid of her. He
couldn't figure out why he made her so
angry with him. Why did he make her
drink so much?
You see, when parents turn to alcohol
and do bad, hurting things to their
children, the child blames himself, not the
parents.
How long will this child abuse go on?
How many Keeshone’ do you know?
s
What can you do to help?
First of all, don’ be afraid to speak up.
t
A little child will be hurt more by your
silence than by your attempts to help.
Secondly, call the Human Services De
partment number: 947-0511. There is also
a day or night toll-free number: 1-800-45219 9
9.
Talk to Mike LeBlanc. He is a warm,
understanding person who is ready to
help.
The first goal of Mike’ Child Protection
s
Unit is to keep the family together. They
will work with the family to find their
problems and overcome them.
There were 4,204 cases of child abuse in
Maine in 1979. Let’ work together to help
s
keep this figure down in 1981.
I wish Keeshone's story had an ending,
but it doesn’ His abuse still goes on
t.
today. Maybe one of you will help end this
abuse. A child’ life is a precious thing.
s
EDITOR’ NOTE: Diane Edwards (not
S
her real name) Is a Penobscot, mother of
three, and college student.
Tribe gives go-ahead to tidal p o w e r
By Dr. Nonnand LaBerge
PLEASANT POINT - A decision to
file an application with the Federal
Energy Regulatory Commission and to
apply for the necessary state permits for
Half Moon Cove tidal project, was made
by the Passamaqouddy Tribe, Jan. 19.
On that date, a referendum vote was
held which decided the above issues. By a
vote of 78 in favor and 9 in opposition, the
Passamaquoddy Tribe expressed their
support for the tidal project and enabled
the continuation of development plans.
The recent referendum vote is the first
step in gaining approval for the tidal
project from the tribal members. How
ever, it is an important first step which
will ultimately dictate the amount of effort
placed on the project.
Most aspects of the project are known
at this time which explains the reason for
having a vote of public opinion. The
submittal of a license application does not
commit the tribe to build the project
under any conditions, but it does repre
sent a decision by the tribe to complete
arrangements for the project’ construc
s
tion.
Before the project can be constructed,
the following factors have to be resolved:
“uiM nc TUEVEAE
TIMt ur I lit I tArIO
E
i p
c
O
— Agreement with the utility on the
purchase price of electricity from the the
project;
— Availability of federal grants to assist
in the project’ financing;
s
— Work out details on the issuance of
revenue bonds;
— Have project plans approved by
responsible federal and state agencies re
garding environmental impacts;
— Complete legal features of the
project.
Some of the above factors will have to
be brought before the tribal council or the
general public for decisions.
DECT Ell MCI” FM
L
Dto 1 riLlVIO: I
B U L L E T IN
He conquered
love and death...
Now he walks
the winds
of eternity!
Poetry
“S P R ”
UEB
10S ANGELiS TIMES
Indian
“C A M G
H R IN ”
Indian — I am
Indian — I have always been
Indian — I will always be.
US MAGAZINE
“E TE TA IN "
N R IN G
HOllYWOOn REPORTER
Whether it be —
one-fourth — half or full
It’ still Indian to me
s
Indian — I’ always be
ll
Diane Newell Wilson
Sisters
I have two sisters
I don’ see them
t
very much —
I have two sisters
I love very much —
T D Q
But I got a call the
other day —
/A D
l_ J / ',Y V A / A D I " >
[p
g
I paheht w. guidancesuggest ed -s &|
I K f c V U K M V J W A k L / is the WINDWALKER
starring NICK RAMUS * JAMES REMAR and introducing SERENE HEDIN
We all got together for
the first time in our life —
We three
It made me feel so
good inside — to know,
I have two sisters
It was a wonderful
day for us — three
Diane Newell Wilson
COMING SOON
AT A THEATRE NEAR YOU
CHECK LOCAL NEWSPAPERS FOR LISTINGS
�Page 12
Wabanaki Alliance March 1981
The Flashback
news notes
Tidal p o w e r t o p ic
P e n o b s c o t e d it o r
o f TV p r o g r a m
ORONO — “Wickeegan,” a Maine
Indian television program, will be aired
Monday. April 20, at 7:30 p.m., over the
Maine Public Broadcasting Network
(MPBN).
The show is directed by Kim Mitchell, a
Penobscot, and the upcoming program
will feature the Half Moon Cove Tidal
Power Project, at the Pleasant Point
Passamaquoddy reservation near Eastport. The project, headed by Dr. Normand
Laberge. has received a federal planning
grant.
o u t o f a jo b
ORONO — Laura Stockford, a Penob
scot and student at University of Maine
fought hard to keep a student newspaper
alive, and lost.
As editor of The New Edition, she
struggled to pull the student government
publication out of debt, but instead, the
student council pulled the funds.
Stockford said it wasn’ fair, in an
t
interview on WMEB, the college radio
station. Stockford, who is interested in
advertising/journalism, is the grand
daughter of the late Prof. William B.
Newell.
-
Fund started
for Starr LaCoote
INDIAN TOWNSHIP — A scholarship fund and commemorative plaque
are the goals of persons here who wish
to establish a memorial to Starr
LaCoote, 11, killed Jan. 21 in a snow
mobile accident.
Starr, an outstanding student at
Indian Township elementary school,
would be remembered through a
plaque to be presented annually to the
highest ranking pupil in the eighth
grade at the reservation school. A
small scholarship would accompany the
award.
Donations are needed, and may be
sent in care of Starr’ mother, Mabel
s
Newell, Indian Township, Princeton,
Maine 04668. Mrs. Newell is a dis
patcher for the tribal police depart
ment, and is an ambulance attendant
for the tribe.
Correction
Subscribe!
A photo caption in last month's Wab
anaki Alliance stated incorrectly that
Charles Colcord founded National Asso
ciation of Metis Indians. In fact, he is the
NAMI New York City council head. The
organization was founded by Bob
Christian,
Indian rights sh ow 1980 gain
BOSTON — A Maine civil rights group since the Indian land claims settlement.
says despite violence and waning public Also, civil rights enforcement is likely to
support for government action to promote benefit from “housekeeping” that occur
equal rights, the past year saw progress in red in 1980, such as the Maine Human
Maine.
Rights Commission’ overhauling of its
s
Penobscot Andrew X. Akins is a regulations and the Supreme Judicial
member of the group.
Court’ clarification of how Superior
s
That is the picture presented in Civil
Courts should review employment dis
Rights Developments in Maine, 1980, a 1 - crimination cases.
- 7
page report issued by the Maine Advisory
On the other hand, there were setbacks
Committee to the U.S. Commission on
Civil Rights. The report emphasizes legal, such as cuts in funding for bilingual
nstitutionai, and policy developments education and the closing of the Portland
iffecling minorities, women, the aged, and field office of the Human Rights Commis
he handicapped. It recounts the activities sion. Moreover, Reckitt noted, 1980 saw
)f the Maine advisory committee and attention focused on some issues that had
been out of public view and that ought to
lifers a glimpse at emerging issues.
“Wo have not tried to provide a com- be addressed in the coming year. She said,
irehensive account of the whys and “We want to ask how the basic needs of
s
vherefores ol these developments,” said Maine’ off-reservation Indians — arguab
icting Chairman Lois Reckitt. “We just ly the most impoverished group in the
State — will be met absent State assist
vanl to tie together the year’ develops
nenls in a succinct form for policymakers, ance. Also, I think we have to pay
• pinion leaders, and the interested public. attention to the persistent allegations that
Ve believe this is a useful service at a vocational education is not serving the
ime when governments’ efforts to ad- handicapped, women, and those with
Iress these problems are being called into limited ability in English.”
[uestion."
The report is available from the New
Among progress noted is increased England Regional Office of the U.S.
irotection for victims of domestic vio- Commission on Civil Rights, as are similar
ence, and easing of Indian-white tensions reports on the other New England States.
SCHOOL DAYS, a generation or so ago,
are reflected in this photo of three Indian
Island beauties, posing in front of the
Penobscot reservation elementary school.
From left, Yvonne Lola, Arlene Ranco,
and friend. Do readers know who she is?
1
Photo courtesy of Yvonne Lola Fitz
patrick and Eva Love]
Flashback error
INDIAN ISLAND — Mary Meader
Mitchell has kindly informed us that last
month’ Wabanaki Alliance Flashback
s
photo depicted Horace Nicholas and wife
Eva, not Horace Nelson. Mrs. Mitchell, of
Oak Hill, Indian Island, ought to know;
Horace was her grandfather.
Passamaquoddy pupils
show much progress
By Monique Pratt
CALAIS — Indian students are getting
good marks in the third year of Maine
Migrant Program at Calais-High School.
Although there were only 20 students who
qualified for the program at the beginning
of the 1980-81 school year (as compared to
40 last year), only three students have
quit school, and one student has trans
ferred to Lee Academy.
This is a great improvement over the
79-’ school year where we had a 52
80
percent drop-out rate. It looks like those
who have been attending school so far will
continue for the remainder of the school
year.
Passamaquoddy students in the Maine
Migrant Program at Calais High School
include: Senior, Matt Lewey; Juniors,
Dawn Fitch, Gene Stevens, Jerry
Stevens, Judy Stevens, and Belinda
Tomah; Sophomores, Linda Lank, Darrell
Lola, Kathy Mitchell; Freshmen, Colleen
Dana, Bill Harnois, Martha Lank, Wade
Lola, Betty Mitchell, Roger Sockabasin,
Lori Stevens, and Millie Stevens.
Two other students from Indian Town
ship who are not eligible for the Maine
Migrant Program but who attend CHS
with their colleagues are Larry LaCoote
and Sherri Tinker, both freshmen.
All of these students travel from Indian
Township to Calais everyday, about 60
miles round trip, or almost two hours
riding time on the bus.
Skitikuk • j
»
*
Outfitters
Specialists in wilderness travel.
Sales - Rentals - Guide Service
Home of igas Island custom-made
packs and equipment
38 M oin St.
O ro n o
866-4878
IN IA CRAFT^
D N
SU P PLIE S
£
For tree catalog,
148 P age’’
rt1cc Catalog
e d e c
Th« world'* largest
Indian Crafts Catalog.
Mora than 4,000 Items
to chooae from!
Trade Beads, Tin Cones.
Brass Beads. Moire Tatteta
Ribbon. Ermine Skins,
Bone Elk Teeth, Shawl
Fringe and Yarn.
w eDt 7 4 h e y OWL ,
r e .
it p
l
___
113-15 Springfield Blvd.
Queens Village, N.Y. 11429
To qualify for the migrant program, the
students and their parents would have
had to move from another state or across
school district lines in pursuit of agri
cultural, fisheries, or forestry work, such
as raking blueberries, picking potatoes or
apples, digging worms or clams, working
in a fish factory, cutting wood, making
wrdaths. A student may be eligible 5
years from the time of the initial move.
While in the migrant program, students
usually come in during their study halls
for tutoring help. I have helped Indian
students as a tutor since the beginning of
the Maine Migrant Program at Calais
High School. Students often come in for
help in algebra, general math, business
math, general business, social studies,
general science, b io lo g y, special educa
tion, (math and English), typing, art,
home economics, and English.
Both upperclassmen and freshmen seem
to be conscientious about their school
work this year. They are attending classes
more regularly, completing assignments
and projects plus taking the initiative in
getting make-up work from their teachers.
Sometimes, arrangements are also made
with the teachers to have the students
take their exams with the tutor.
CAN’ FIND A JOB?
T
Try the
JOB CORPS
Would you like to be trained as a ...
Bookkeeper
Secrelary/Stenographer
Clerk Typist
Nursing Assistant
If you are 16 to 21 and not in school,
the Penobscot Job Corps Center has
training programs which may be of
interest to you.
The Penobscot Job Corps Center
provides all trainees with a place to
live, meals, health care and a cash
monthly stipend while you learn. And
when you finish, we'll also help you
find a job.
SOUND GOOD?
IT IS GOOD.
ASK FOR JOB CORPS
— in the Portland area - 775-7225
— in the Auburn area— 786-4190
— in the Bangor area— 947-0755
— or toll free anywhere in Maine
at 1-800-432-7307
ASK FOR
JOB CORPS RECRUITMENT
�
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
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<em>Wabanaki Alliance</em> (March 1981)
Creator
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Indian Resource Center
Source
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Passamaquoddy Cultural Museum
Date
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1981-03
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Donald Soctomah
Julia Brush
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Steve Cartwright. Used with permission.
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English
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pdf
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DV-427
-
https://www.dawnlandvoices.org/collections/files/original/79ba2c5b2be234ae0fb3b2879d8d8a67.pdf
fc8a88eb18e7257a07fc8908b3e78f14
PDF Text
Text
W abanaki
A lliance
Published with the support of the Penobscot Nation and Diocesan Human Relations Services, Inc.
March
1982
New school seen by 1984
INDIAN ISLAND — An expansive new
school for Penobscot pupils could open its
doors as early as Sept. 1. 1984, the tribal
council has been told.
The proposed S3.5 million school com
plex would extend the present kinder
garten (levels one and two) through sixth
grade, to include all of junior high school.
In most cases, students leave the reserva
tion to attend nearby Old Town schools,
and this practice would continue, follow
ing graduation from the K-9 school.
Probably the most important aspect of
the proposed school is space. Currently,
some 100 pupils are crowded into a
building originally designed for about half
that number of students. Gov. Timothy
Love told the council and school board
that this situation “
impacts on the educa
tion" of the children. Love quoted a U.S.
Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) official as
stating the Island school has the “
worst
conditions I’ seen anywhere.”
ve
The design and construction of a 32,000
square foot school — twice the size of the
tribal Community Building — hinges on
funding by the BIA.
In a recent dramatic turnaround, the
possibility of a new school rose from
“
almost nil to very high priority with the
BIA. Two BIA officials from Albuquerque,
N.M., visited the Island for a first
meeting: Frank Latta, in charge of school
facilities, and architect Jerry Gasparich.
They viewed the site, and met with school
committee chairman Kenneth Paul and
members, school principal Sr. Helen
McKeough. and Maine Indian Education
superintendent Edward DiCensc.
(Continued on page 4
)
Priest recalled
from reservation
INDIAN TOWNSHIP - The Rev.
Joseph Laughiin. a Jesuit priest at the
Passamaquoddy reservation the past five
years, has been ordered to leave by his
Jesuit superiors in Boston.
According to reliable sources. Father
Laughiin. or “
Father Joe” he preferred
as
to be called, was recalled after consider
able pressure was brought by persons
objecting to his presence on the reserva
tion. Father Joe was wholly identified
with the Charismatic movement, and his
Passamaquoddy following consisted of
people drawn to that radical version of
Catholicism.
Other parishioners at Indian Township
were less than enthusiastic about Father
Joe's unconventional ways. Objections
included numerous reports that the priest
was seldom at the rectory. He reportedly
made many trips to Boston and elsewhere,
and had connections with Charismatics in
Brockton, Mass.
Father Joe left Indian Township in
December 1981, but not before he had
complained bitterly to some people about
his treatment by the Roman Catholic
Diocese of Portland. The Jesuits, or
Society of Jesus, is under contract to the
Diocese to provide priests to the reserva
tion. A spokesman for the D iocese said
Father Joe s complaints were groundless.
The spokesman noied that respect for the
Church’ presence on the reservation had
s
deteriorated in recent years, and the
convent, housing the Sisters of Mercy, had
been broken into.
Filling in on a part time basis at Indian
Township is the Rev. Normand Carpentier
of Woodland. He will continue as tem p
orary administrator for St. Ann’ Parish
s
at Indian Township for an indefinite
period. The Diocese of Portland is respon
sible for a successor to Father Laughiin,
but plans were uncertain at press time.
Father Laughiin succeeded the Rev.
Raymond Picard, also a Jesuit.
PUPILS at old Indian Island Elementary School — at right - - board school bus at end of
day. Note fence and cramped yard.
Penobscots air complaints
INDIAN ISLAND — An unofficial
group of residents here, calling them
selves “
concerned citizens,” has held
several m eetings to discuss problem s they
are having with current tribai adminis
tration.
Last month, the group aired their com
plaints to Thomas Howard, a representa
tive for U.S. Sen. William S. Cohen.
Howard said all he would do is listen; he
would not get involved in internal tribal
matters, he said.
In general, group members say they are
not getting a fair shake in terms of
services and benefits, from tribal govern
ment. Also, som e residents have said they
do not trust the government to handle the
proceeds of the land claims settlement,
and that tribal officials have been secre
tive about it.
Peter Hamilton, an organizer but not a
spokesman for the group, said one of his
objections to the administration is that,
“
they were supposed to have an audit
every two years here, but they’ never
ve
had one.”
Further, he stated, “ get social security.
I
All I get from them up there is $65 per
month. I can use that for oil or food.
Before. I got oil and food. I’ run out of oil
ve
twice this winter. These people got no oil.
(Continued on back page)
Feelings mixed on land claims
ORONO — A recent Wabanaki Alliance
reader survey reveals Indians have differ
ing views on the $81.5 million settlement
of Penobscot-Passamaquoddy land claims.
Opinions weren’wishy-washy, however.
t
“
It's a start, use it wisely,” said one
reader. Another reader w rote that “
the
people’ opinions and questions were
s
ignored and totally tossed o u t . .. we gave
up more than what money can ever buy.”
In 1980, President Carter signed a
Congressionally-approved negotiated ac
cord ending a decade of litigation and
struggle by the sister tribes to assert a
sovereign right to the return of aboriginal
lands. The settlement provided a per
manent $27 million trust, plus $54.5
million to buy land — up to 300,000 acres
— for the Penobscots and Passama
quoddy s.
Thus far, Penobscots have purchased
some 140,000 acres; Passamaquoddys
have bought closer to 30,000 acres,
including some blueberry barrens. In
general, Penobscots have bought more
non-trust, taxable acreage, while the
Passamaquoddy Tribe has acquired des
ignated “
trust land,”that is tax-exempt.
Individual members of the tribes will
probably net about $1,000 per person,
per year, in interest earned on the trust
fund.
Unfortunately for the survey, less than
a dozen readers responded.
The first question asked if the reader
was “
personally satisfied with the Maine
Indian land claims settlem ent act."
A New Haven, Ct., reader checked “
no,”
and added, “ think the tribe accepted
I
under pressure, and advice of legal
advisors.” The reader said “
yes” to a
question of whether the settlement chang
ed his/her life, and the reader said the
newspaper itself is satisfactory, although
it should publish m ore letters to the
editor, a pen pal column, and “ ore news
m
of social life on the reservation.”
Settlement saves home
A reader who identified herself, Jean
Watson of Milford, Mich., said the settle
ment “
gives a good economic base to our
tribe. We didn't have one before.”
Further, she wrote, “ provides jobs and
it
extra income."
Watson said the settlem ent is changing
her life; moreover, “ provided needed
it
income to supplement social security (and)
enabled us to stay in our home and pay the
high taxes.”
Watson praised the paper, saying it
“
provides news of the family and a
beloved picture of my grandfather, Peter
Ranco.”
Noel Tomer, Jr., of Fitchburg, Mass.,
said he is happy with the settlement, and
that it has changed his life, explaining;
“
The payments helped me catch up on my
(Continued on page 5)
�Page 2
Wabanaki Alliance March 1982
editorials
Too far
For a newspaper to win the confidence o f its community is a long,
slow process. It’ hard work. In many ways, the effort pays off.
s
People com e to trust the newspaper. They rely on it for certain in
formation. Why then do tribal officials, and other boards and
committees, persist in believing that "n o news is good news.” Is the
community really served by such thinking?
What is there to fear if the goings-on o f these boards and
committees are exposed to the light o f day? If members o f the
community, and readers o f this newspaper, truly don ’want to know
t
what goes on in smoke-filled rooms, behind closed doors, then fine;
things are as they should be.
But if tribal members think they should know — perhaps have a
right to know what’going on — then officials should ease up a little
s
on the policy o f secrecy.
Not far enough
The Penobscot Health and Human Services Department is to be
commended for banning smoking from the clinic wing o f its
building.
Recently, the ban was reportedly extended to the front hall, which
r
used to be a literal smokescreen for anyone entering the building, for
whatever purpose.
However, smoking cigarettes or cigars at all is contradictory to
good health. An institution devoted to the health and well-being o f
tribal members has no business permitting cancer-causing activities
in its headquarters.
The surgeon general has determined that cigarette smoking is
dangerous to your health. Freely translated, this means, it can kill
you.
Smoking should be banned throughout the building. The
non-clinic wing o f the building hosts senior citizens and young
children in day care.
Ironically, health center staff participated in a public service in
January, a TV "sp ot”for the American Cancer Society.
Sound advice
In promulgating your esoteric cognitations, or articulating your
superficial sentimentalities and amicable philosophical or psycho
logical observations, beware o f platitudinous ponderosity. Let your
conversational communications possess a clarified conciseness, a
compact comprehensibleness, coalescent consistency and a con
catenated cogency.
Eschew- all conglomerations o f flatulent garrulity, jejune babble
ment and asinine affections. Let your extemporaneous descantings
and unpremediated expatiations have intelligibility and veracious
vivacity, without rhodonontade or thrasonical bombast.
Sedulously avoid ail polysyllabic profundity, pom pous prolixity,
psitaceous vacuity, ventriloquial verbosity and vaniloquent vapidity.
Shun double-entendres, prurient jocosity, and pestiferous profanity,
obscurant or apparent.
In other words, talk plainly, briefly, naturally, sensibly, truthfully,
purely. Keep away from slang, d on ’put on airs, say what you mean,
t
mean what you say, and most o f all d on ’ use big w'ords.
t
Guest column
Island fortunate to have
its own firefighters
On Jan. 20,1had the occasion to call the
Penobscot Nation Fire Department. My
car was smoking badly beneath the hood.
The response time was 5 minutes. Three
men responded but one man was not a
volunteer fireman. One man was a
policeman. Dale Lolar.
There has been a little controversy
lately about the amount of men who
respond to a fire, also their response time.
It is for their benefit that I am attempting
a reply.
In this exact situation, that is, smoke
coming from beneath the hood of a car.
Old Town firemen would have sent one
fire engine and only two firefighters
aboard. On some occasions I have seen six
men respond on Indian Island.
I would like to point out that Indian
Island, is very fortunate to have as many
volunteers as they do. They are, “
green"
but not untrainable. They attend m eetings
for firefighting techniques and how to
maintain their equipment.
I went to see. them ‘ action’at a
in
structure fire on Oak Hill. I was really
pleased that they had a “
save." I have a lot
of confidence in them. I am sincerely
proud of this little band of men. I certainly
know how it feels to see these familiar
faces responding in such a short time
when I wated at my house!
These men have to make sacrifices to be
away from families by attending fire
fighting sessions, just to prepare to fight a
stinking fire. Please do not envy these
fellows paychecks, for these men risk
their lives for a meager $3.00 per week!
That is what it averages out to. My
husband gets paid more, naturally, he has
more responsibility.
Fire prevention has been encouraged
here. If w e’ had few fires, praise God.
ve
Some people are listening and making im
provements. Prevention is far less costly
than trying to save a home that’ fully
s
engulfed, or trying to rebuild it. And loss
of life can’be fixed!
t
I know what it is like to lose som eone in
a fire. One of my best friends died, his
apartment was just around the corner
from a fire station ... yet a 17 apartment
house went up! Also, another friend I’
ll
remember all my life. Patty and her
unborn baby and three little children were
all killed by a fire. If you have never
witnessed a yard full of bodies, you are
lucky. Thank God you have your own fire
Wabanaki Alliance
dept, and other Indians and friends that
care for you!
I did not select my husband’ vocation.
s
But I did not discourage it either. I
wouldn’take that job for $30,000 a year.
t
You’ gotta be a little nutty to expose
ve
yourself to smoke as often as they do.
That is not great for your lungs, you
know. Neither is the stress related with it.
There are many Indians putting down
Indians, on this island. I pray that my
husband does not lose his life just because
he’ crazy enough to try and save yours.
s
The very people you criticize . . . you
expect to jump into flames to save you or
your family or even your goods . . . when
your turn comes.
People, you’ fortunate to have a nice
re
piece of fire apparatus. I understand it
cost approximately $35,000, you made one
good decision by accomplishing this. It
would seem you would follow through and
give the firefighters your support. Don’
t
wait until there is a tragedy before you
realize just how fortunate you are to have
your own fire dept. Count your blessings.
When Old Town responded to the
recent fire at LaBree’ Bakery, what if
s
there had .been a fire on the island at the
same time? And no firemen advailable to
respond? Old Town also has a large
territory to cover. Also it has been
brought to the attention of many that,
there w ere fire hazzards in their homes.
Tell me . . . up ’ now . . . who the hell
till
cared? It was not Old Town that made
recommendations, or inspected your
homes on Indian Island.
Instead of figuring out how you can’
t,
why don’ you figure out how you can?
t
You know, that truck would look kinda
ridiculous as a flower planter, while you
twiddled your thumbs waiting for Old
Town to put out your fires. I say, you can
have a better fire dept, than Old Town.
What do you say?
To the Penobscot firefighters I say —
thank you for a job well done.
,
Helen Becker
Vol. 6, No. 3
March 1982
Published monthly by Wabanaki Alliance, through a sustaining grant from the
Penobscot Nation, under contract with Diocesan Human Relations Services, Inc.
Offices at 95 Main Street, Orono, Maine 04473. Telephone [207] 866-4903. Typeset
by the Penobscot Times Company. Printed by the Ellsworth American.
Reporters
Diane Newell Wilson
Brenda Polchies
Board of Directors
Jean Chavaree, Penobscot Nation, [chairman]
Donna Loring, Penobscot Nation
Jeannette LaPlante, Central Maine Indian Assoc.
Phone 827-6219
Phone 532-9442
Indian Island
Old Town
Old Town
A non-profit corporation. Contributions are deductible for income tax purposes.
Rates: S5 per year [12 issues]; $6 Canada and overseas; S10 for institutions [schools,
government, business, etc.]
�Page 3
Wabanaki Alliance March 1982
letters
B e a fr ie n d
W est Union, Ohio
To the editor:
I'm writing to you as I am very much
interested in corresponding with people of
different Indian tribes.
Name is Shirley Anne Halsinger
Wishteyah, 34 years old, 5 foot 2 inches,
116 pounds. Have shoulder length black
hair and turquoise eyes. I am of Cherokee,
Shawnee, Sioux and Irish decent. I have
three boys ranging from sixteen years of
age down to eight.
My hobbies are car and motorcycle
racing, reading, any type of music and
making new friends. Also love traveling to
many different states.
If anyone is interested I will be happy to
write to them. Will do as soon as they
would write. Want friends of any age, men
or women.
Shirley Wishteyah
308 East Walnut St.
W. Union, Ohio 45693
M e e t th e p h a r m a c is t
Indian Island
To the editor:
I would like to take this opportunity to
introduce myself. I am Tom Dorworth, the
inter-tribal pharmacist. I use the term
inter-tribal because I will be providing
pharmacy services to Indian Township
and Indian Island, as well as Pleasant
Point.
I graduated from St. Louis College of
Pharmacy. May 7th, 1974, and went to
work for the United States Public Health
Service. My first tour was in Baltimore,
Maryland at the USPHS hospital. From
there, I moved to Boston to work at the
USPHS hospital located in Brighton,
Mass. I spent six years there before
coming to “
Downeast" Maine. While in
Boston, I earned a masters degree in
pharmacology (study of drug actions) from
Northeastern University.
On Thursdays and Fridays I will be at
the Penobscot Health Center to provide
services. I am filling some prescriptions
now (no controlled substances) and am
available to answer questions about drugs
you are taking and their side effects. I am
looking forward to working in the Indian
communities and providing top-notch
pharmacy services.
Tom Dorworth
In dian a ffa ir s
Freedom
To the editor:
We here at the Farmstead Press have
recently taken over full editorial respon
sibility for Maine Life Magazine.
We hope to expand the editorial focus,
and plan to keep abreast of the issues that
affect the people as well as the rec
reational aspects of the state." I would
appreciate seeing any news or information
you have available about Indian affairs.
Terrence Day
Day care
kids study
self-hood
INDIAN ISLAND — “ About Me”is
All
the name of a recent activity that took
place at Penobscot Indian day care center.
The idea is just what it sounds like —
children explore their own identity, at the
same time polishing verbal and written
skills. “ involves children with positive
It
self-concept activities,’ explained Mat
’
thew O’
Donnell, day care director.
O n ly s o u r c e
Thomaston
To the editor:
I’ a Passamaquoddy presently serving
m
some time at the Maine State Prison. I’
m
aware that you send a copy to the prison.
However, it takes a month some times
before I get to read it. I read your October
and November issues. But to this time I
am still waiting for your Decem ber and
January issues. This is the reason why I
would like to subscribe, so I may receive a
copy for my own personal use.
Since I’ settled into my temporary
ve
home, your newspaper is my only source
of information concerning the Passama
quoddy and Penobscot tribes.
I'm also disappointed to hear that the
Passamaquoddy tribe refused to help this
very informative newspaper.
Ryan Newell
W a n ts g r a m m a r
Hanau, Germany
To the editor:
Thank you very much for your news
paper. Please send me a grammar of the
Penobscot language and a book about the
different nations and their languages.
I would be very happy if we stay in
touch. Please write back and I’ send you
ll
the money for the books later.
Kurt Gernhard
(This letter translated from German to
English by Richard Tozier of Brewer.)
Keona Love
“
They’ not only getting excited about
re
the visual, they’ getting excited about
re
what it means.”
All children in the program elected to
have their picture taken, and then write —
sometimes with assistance — about them
selves. The results w ere proudly dis
played on a wall at the Penobscot Health
Mike LeCasse
& Human Services building. Ages range
from two-and-one-half to six years, and
everybody seemed to enjoy doing their
“
autobiography," O’
Donnell reports.
Keona Love, for example, notes that she
is four years old, her favorite food is
“
sphaggetti” (well, you know what she
means), and furthermore, she wrote, “
I
like fishes." Not to be forgotten, she also
noted that her parents are “
Timmy and
Eva.”
Mike LeCasse, three, said his parents
are Christine and Ronald, his favorite
food is meat, and he likes dogs, and deer.
Mali Dana, only three years old, writes
that she is the daughter of “ (for Carol)
C”
and “
Stanly." She too loves “
spaghtti,”
meat, and her favorite animal is a “
CAT.”
Lisa Fugate is four, and she’ the
s
daughter of Mary Lee and Jeff; her
favorite food is chicken, although she likes
juice and milk. She com es to day care “
all
day,”whereas some children attend for a
half day. She also prefers “
cats.”
Along with the exhibit, children have
written and made drawings in their work
books, and they have made hand prints (of
their hands) to record themselves, and
show their parents they are “
little
people.”
What next? O’
Donnell said that “
from
this unit, we introduce the upper and
■
lower case letters of the alphabet,”in a
format for coloring. Most kids can’resist
t
coloring, but there is no pressure in
volved. “ few children just don’want to;
A
t
we don’force them,” Donnell said.
t
O’
Can't a ffo r d it
Portland
To the editor:
I will not be able to continue the sub
scription to the newspaper. I am not able
to afford it. I will continue to pray for the
success of your wonderful work you are
doing. Keep up the good work. With a
happy and prosperous year.
Sister M. Jeannette S.
Lisa Fugate
O’
Donnell said he is pleased with the
progress the children are making, because
of their own desire to master language
skills.
“
For us, it’ the process, not the
s
product.”
Mali Dana
MAIL TO WABANAKI ALLIANCE. 95 MAIN STREET, ORONO MAINE 04473
HOULTON BAND OF M ALISEET INDIANS
PO Box 576
Houlton, Me. 04730
Contact person: Terry Polchies
Announces the following available positions:
1 Director of Housing Improvement Program
.
2. Outreach W orker for the Housing Improvement Program
3. Director of Education, Vocational Training, and Employment Assistance
4. Counselor/Job Developer for Vocational Training and Employment Assistance
5. Secretary for Educational Vocational Training and Employment Assistance
6. Social Services General Assistance Officer
7. Outreach Worker for Social Services
8. Tribal Planner for the Houlton Band
9. Administrative Secretary
Job applications may be obtained at the Houlton Band Office in the Putnam
Arcade Office Building or by calling 532-9443. Salaries are negotiable.
An Equal Opportunity Employer*-
W A B A N A K I A L L IA N C E S U B S C R I P T I O N F O R M
( M a k e c h e c k s p a y a b le t o W a b a n a k i A llia n ce )
I EN CLOSE.
I
1 for one year
$5
.. J___ ((Individual—U.S.)
1
f$ 6 f o r one
1
___ I (Canada)
S treet
City / T o w n
year
1
1$10 f o r one year
1
___ I (Institutional rate)
a n d S ta te
.
Zip Cede
�Page 4
Wabanaki Alliance March 1982
Island optimistic
about new school
(Continued from page 1
)
Latta told Wabanaki Alliance “ up to
it's
Congress whether they wish to”tack the
estimated $3.5 million costs onto the
already approved fiscal year 1983 BIA
budget. But Latta said he’ optimistic:
s
Indian Island is officially number six on
the BIA school construction priority list.
Latta said the five schools ahead of the
Penobscot project are already funded for
design and construction, effectively mov
ing Indian Island up to the number one
slot.
Tribal councilors, hearing an update on
the proposed school from DiCenso, ex
pressed their surprise and enthusiasm
that the new building is so nearly a
reality. “ least, it’ m ore encouraging,”
At
s
declared councilor Gerry Francis.
The preliminary plans call for a school
BIA officials, Frank Latta, left, and Terry Gasparich, meet with Maine Indian Education
equipped to handle 250 students, complete
Supt. Edward DiCenso.
with gymnasium, and possibly even a
hockey rink — something Love would like
to see included. The most likely site is
either on the present ball field beside the
Community Building, or adjacent to that,
PATRICIA SOCKABASIN
in the vicinity of the tribal garden.
PETER DANA POINT - Patricia M.
Love said the ball field area is above
Sockabasin, 65, died Jan. 29, 1982 at a
ANCHORAGE, Alaska — Teresa A.
flood plain, while the garden site is lower,
Bangor hospital. She was born in Maliseet,
Sappier of Indian Island is currently em and less desirable. However, foundations
N.B., March 17, 1916, the daughter of
ployed as a physician’ assistant, treating
s
could be set on ledge in either case,
Simon and Elizabeth (Saulies) Paul. She is
Native Alaskan people.
according to Watie Akins, a tribal coun
survived by her husband, Simon of Peter
Sappier completed a one-year training
cilor who is an engineer. (Love suggested
Dana Point; five sons. Robert James
program in Gallup, New Mexico, through
Akins could officially monitor the con
Tomah of Wingdale, N.Y., Stuart Morris
a grant from the federal Indian Health
struction of the school for the council.) A
Tomah of Poughkeepsie, N.Y., Alexander
Service (IHS). She is a former lab
new ball field will be constructed if the old
Paul of Maliseet, N.B., Jamie Sockabasin
technician at the Penobscot tribal health
site is used for building.
of Peter Dana Point, Dennis Tomah of
department. She is a graduate of the
The only apparent major obstacle to
Princeton; four daughters, Joyce Bear and
University of Maine at Orono, and Seaton
getting the design and construction under
Caroline Sappier, both of Maliseet, N.B.,
Hospital in Waterville.
way is Congressional support, and the
Geraldine Oliver of Danforth, Martina
“
add-on" needed to the 1983 BIA budget.
Stevens of Princeton; three brothers,
The council and school committee hope to
Abner and James Paul of Maliseet, N.B.,
enlist the support of Maine's Congres
Charles Paul of Fredericton, N.B.; three
sional delegation, and others, to win what
sisters, Edna Perley, Susie Bear, Rita
Love and DiCenso described as the only
Perley, all of Maliseet, N.B.; several
“
political” part of the process. Sen.
grandchildren, great-grandchildren, nieces
William S. Cohen of Maine may offer key
and nephews. A Mass of Christian burial
support, as he is a member of reigning
was celebrated Monday, February 1 at
Republican party, and is chairman of
10:00 a.m. at St. Ann’ Mission, Peter
s
Senate Select Committee on Indian Af
Dana Point, with the Rev. Normand
fairs.
Carpentier and Rev. Joseph Laughlin
Love said both Congressional and BIA
officiating. Burial was in the Tribal
support is essential to the success of the
Cemetery.
“
ad-on.” If it fails, the school could be
delayed pending an appropriation in the
fiscal 1984 BIA budget. Both Cohen and
BIA director Kenneth Smith are expected
to visit Indian Island in the next few
months, Love told the council.
James Sappier, of the tribe’real estate
s
Ta-Kog-quew
and demography department, has care
They will stand firm until the mark of time
Mary Lee Fugate
fully researched property lines and re
breaks their bodies away
lated matters, at the proposed site of the
Like trees
new school.
They will become the earth again
One snag in the acquisition of property
What will remain ...?
is a stipulation by Mildred Akins of Indian
Island, holder of about one-ninth of the
The spirit that is the People
INDIAN ISLAND — Mary L ee Fugate land in question, that she will sell her
has been hired as dental assistant to Dr. share on condition that the Catholic
It is a gift given the young
Stuart Corso, at the Penobscot Depart Sisters of Mercy continue their teaching
who grew up in its shadow
relationship with the school, and that
ment of Health & Human Services.
They will in turn come to wear
Fugate, 24, began her duties Dec. 7. religion be offered to students.
this thorny crown
1981, as temporary replacement for Gail
Watie Akins, her son, said he believes a
of a drowning heritage
Graves, who is on maternity leave. She compromise arrangement can be worked
hopes to continue at the health clinic part out. He also owns a share of the land, and
Solid — never wavering — but sinking still
time, when Graves returns to her post.
is willing to swap his claim for a parcel
“ really like the job,” said Fugate, near his mobile home across the road.
I
Their eyes are deep
adding that it is “ the job training”for
on
Councilor Gerry Francis asked princi
from within them can be felt
her, since she had no particular back pal, Sister Helen, about the status of
solid, honest pride —
religious teaching in the school. He asked
ground in the work.
and the pain.
Although born in Bangor, Fugate grew
if catechism and Bible study are taught
up in California, where she attended high during the school day, or separately.
For within these peoples’
heart
school. She moved home to Indian Island a
Sister Helen said that prior to a lawsuit
beats the lifeblood of the Native
couple of years ago, and comments, “ several years ago, religion was offered
I
American
always wanted to com e back here . . . it’ before the school day began, and at
s
Like song — so sweet to hear
tendance was not required. However,
my roots, really.”
I am honored to be their friend.
She lived her first five years in Maine, Martin A. Neptune and other Indian
JHG
then moved to Massachusetts, then Cali Island parents filed suit to block the
From a friend in Seattle, accepted with
fornia. She has three children, Deann, six, teaching of religion at the school, and
deep thanks and appreciation — L.D.
since that time — although the suit has not
Lisa, four, and Jeffrey, two.
Penobscot lands
job in Alaska
Obituary
------------
\
Poetry
Fugate new
dental aide
been fully resolved — religion classes have
been held at the St. Ann’ parish hall on
s
the Island. “
When it doesn’ leak,”said
t
Sister Helen. She said children are offered
one hour per week, per class, and
attendance is not mandatory.
Sappier pointed out that to comply with
the law, the tribe cannot guarantee the
teaching of religion by the school, but
there is no reason that Sisters of Mercy, if
certified teachers, cannot continue to
teach the usual subjects. The sisters have
been involved with the reservation and its
school for more than 100 years, and are
considered an integral part of the Indian
community by a majority of tribal mem
bers.
An option school officials and the council
virtually ruled out is to apply for con
struction funds through the state. Sappier
said the state would want matching funds,
a 20-acre site that would be nearly im
possible to find on the island, and the
earliest project review would be July.
DiCenso’ suggested federal timetable
s
for construction calls for gathering engin
eering data and sending it to Latta this
month, selecting an architect by the end of
April, and final approval of a design by
February of next year.
By the following month, construction
bids would be let, and actual work would
begin by October 1983. All this depends on
the success of the BIA budgetary “
add
on” $3.5 million.
of
The optimism of the recent meeting
between council, school committee and
others contrasts sharply with comments
last year by committee chairman Paul,
who noted the old school has no library,
no gym, and no auditorium. Pupils
experience “ loss of motivation,”he said,
a
and are ill-prepared for the transition to
Old Town schools upon graduation from
Indian Island elementary school. “
We
must provide circumstances that nurture
pride, motivation and a sense of worthi
ness and accomplishment. I can’paint too
t
rosy a picture,”
Paul said last year.
The picture has brightened considerab
ly-
Ranco, Francis
capture elections
INDIAN ISLAND — Harry A. Francis
and Michael Ranco em erged the victors in
recent elections to fill two vacant seats on
the Penobscot tribal council.
In a related matter, no votes w ere cast
for a member of the tribal census commit
tee, apparently because nobody wanted to
serve, and there were no candidates.
Francis polled 78 votes, and Ranco, 75
votes. Other candidates were Richard
Hamilton, 63 votes, and Nicholas H.
Sapiel. 40 ballots. The vacancies were the
result of councilor Joseph Francis being
elected lieutenant governor, and councilor
Nicholas Dow taking a tribal government
job, which precludes serving on the
council. The special election for lieutenant
governor followed the death of Lt. Gov.
Edwin Mitchell.
There were ten write-in ballots cast in
the council election, including several
votes for Norman Lolar.
Clarification
INDIAN ISLAND — Wabanaki Alli
ance regrets the omission of S. Glenn
Starbird Jr., tribal genealogist, in a list of
persons deserving credit for the recentlypublished Penobscot Nation calendar, to
benefit the Island historical society.
Starbird did a good deal of work on the
project, and the newspaper apologizes for
overlooking the fact in earlier articles.
�Wabanaki Alliance March 1982
Page 5
Survey shows mixed
views on settlement
(Continued from page 1
)
paper. Her comment: "Indian women
bills, and keep ahead of them. It helped me
should have the same rights as the men,
and my children to have a higher standard
and marry who they want.”
of living. It’ helping with winter fuel
s
A reader identifying herself as “
Ne-qubills."
tar-tar-wet" declared that Indians “
were
Tomer said he is satisfied with the
sold out of our rights for who we are (by
newspaper, and he commented, "before
the settlement). It is a shame, I feel.
the land claims settlement, my paper used
"A lot of white people stop me and ask if
to be mailed to me a full month late, every
I'm Indian. Many people talk to me and
time. Now the paper arrives the first of
ask me how rich I am. Before, hardly any
each month. Good.”
people would just walk up and talk with
A Dover-Foxcroft reader, Ben Walking me," the reader writes.
Hawk, identified as a Cheyenne, said the
Discussing the newspaper, Ne-qu-tarland claims ‘ a start, use it wisely. In the
‘
is
tar-wet said it “
gives people a real look at
beginning," he wrote, “ the land
all
how we are, w-hat we live like." The paper
belonged to us. It can give people em should promote talent, people celebrating
ployment; it’our home."
s
Children are cramped by limited space at existing Indian Island school.
graduations, etc. “
Nation" sports events
Although Walking Hawk does not
should be included, along with “
comics, or
receive any direct benefits of the claims
have a section for people to send in
accord, he said "it helps me hold my head
drawings or designs. Have a page (where)
high, and gives us roots." He said the
people could share ideas. Maybe write on
newspaper should show "long lost ways"
how to do bead work, tan hides, leather,
to our children. He said he wished the
etc." The reader would also like to see
tribal council would “
grow," although he recipes.
did not say how.
Charles E. Colcord, a Penobscot with
A certified public accountant who has less than the quarter-blood minimum
worked with the tribes. George Chebba of requirement for tribal membership,
Bangor, said he thinks the land claims writes from New York City that he is
INDIAN ISLAND — The following
Penobscot Tribal Reservation Housing
cases were heard at Penobscot tribal court Authority vs. Gerardo Pardilla, motion for settlement is okay, but not this news dissatisfied with the claims settlement.
Since you re
recently, the Honorable Andrew M. Mead attachment and trustee process, con paper. Writes Chebba: “
ihe tribe has traded sovereignty for
ceived funding by the Penobscot Nation, cash." he said. How does it change his life?
presiding:
tinued for hearing.
you have published more articles con ‘ addition to all the other fights I have
Arraignments
In
Penobscot Tribal Reservation Housing
Penobscot Nation vs. Gary Attean, Authority vs. Joseph Sapiel, motion for cerning Indian Island than the other two on my hands, I now have to fight to
possession of moose killed in closed attachment and trustee process, con reservations, who didn't give you any restore tribal sovereignty,” said.
he
financial help.
season, plea of not guilty, continued for tinued for hearing.
Colcord also complained about the
"As a consequence, in my opinion, you
trial.
newspaper. “
Since receiving tribal fund
Penobscot Tribal Reservation Housing
Penobscot Nation vs. Michael Paul, Authority vs. Roger Ranco, motion for lost your former balanced perspective.
ing, the paper has tended to become a
illegal possession of moose parts, plea of attachment and trustee process, con Wabanaki Alliance used to be the common house organ. The paper ow'es its first
denominator that united Maine Indians as loyalty to the tribe, not the tribal council.”
guilty, paid $50 fine.
tinued for hearing.
an ethnic whole. Now it seems it has
Penobscot Nation vs. David R. AlLinda Nicholas, a Passamaquoddy living
Penobscot Tribal Reservation Housing
menas, illegal possession of moose parts, Authority vs. Doreen Bartlett, continued. degenerated to prostituting its reporting in Medford, Mass., sent in a questionnaire
function.”
plea of guilty, paid $50 fine.
from a survey conducted by Wabanaki
Penobscot Tribal Reservation Housing
Evelyn St. Pierre of Lewiston said the Alliance several years ago, with a dif
Penobscot Nation vs. Carl Mitchell, Authority vs. Christine LaCasse, motion
settlement has not changed her life, but ferent set of questions. She said the
speeding, 28/20, radar; filed at request of for attachment and trustee process,
she is content with it, as she is with the newspaper is fair to Indian people.
Officer Dale Lolar.
continued.
Penobscot Nation vs. Walter Meader,
Dismissed
operating under the influence, dismissed
Penobscot Tribal Reservation Housing
(blood count too low).
Authority vs. Brenda Fields, motion for
Penobscot Nation vs. Steven J. Paul, attachment and trustee process, dis
operating after suspension, plea of not missed by the plaintiff.
guilty, continued for trial.
Penobscot Tribal Reservation Housing
Penobscot Nation vs. Donald Nelson, Authority vs. Kenneth W. Paul, motion
Jr.; keeper of unlicensed dog, plea of for attachment and trustee process, dis
guilty; waiver signed, found guilty. Paid
missed by plaintiff.
$15 fine.
Penobscot Tribal Reservation Housing
Penobscot Nation vs. Carl Mitchell,
Authority vs. Dennis Pehrson, motion for
keeper of unlicensed dog, plea of nolo
attachment and trustee process, dis
contendere; found guilty, paid $15 fine.
missed by the plaintiff.
Penobscot Nation vs. Kevin Mitchell,
Penobscot Tribal Reservation Housing
keeper of unlicensed dog, plea of nolo
Authority vs. Theresa Snell, motion for
contendere; found guilty, paid $15 fine.
attachment and trustee process, forcible
Penobscot Nation vs. James Sappier,
entry and detainer, dismissed by plaintiff.
keeper of unlicensed dog, plea of guilty;
Penobscot Tribal Reservation Housing
waiver signed, found guilty. Paid $15 fine.
Authority vs. Louis K. Paul, motion for
Penobscot Nation vs. Richard Hamilton,
attachment and trustee process, dis
permitting a dog to roam at large; plea of
missed by plaintiff.
not guilty, continued for trial.
Hearings
Trials
Probate action: request for name
Penobscot Nation vs. Louis K. Paul,
changes, Renee Marie Knapp, James Eric
keeper of vicious dog; filed upon request
Knapp, Joseph Donald Knapp, Jr. Petition
of Nation; dog roaming at large, two
for name changes by mother, Cheryl
counts, dismissed at request of Nation.
Knapp. Petitions granted, names changed
Penobscot Nation vs. Ernest Goslin,
to Renee Marie Francis, James Eric
wrong way on one-way street; dismissed
Francis and Joseph Donald Francis.
Jord Thomas visits with great aunt, Jean Thomas, in Gardiner.
by agreement of the Nation (summonsing
Appeals court
officer not in uniform).
Appellate decision on the following
Everett J. Sapiel vs. John Davis, small
matters entered: Denise Mitchell, et al vs.
claims action hearing on motion to show
Wilfred Pehrson, et als; appellate court
cause for contempt; by agreement, will
upheld decision of Judge Mead, appeal
NEW YORK CITY - Jord Errol
Jord also belongs to Mensa, an interna
pay a portion of his per capita payment to
denied.
Thomas, 16, a Penobscot and the son of tional society, whose only qualification for
the plaintiff toward outstanding balance
Penobscot Tribal Reservation Housing William E. Thomas, has been accepted to membership is a score on an intelligence
due. Ordered to continue to make pay Authority vs. Shirley Francis, forcible Haskell Indian Junior College of Law
test higher than that of 98 percent of the
ments to the plaintiff in the amount of $5 entry and detainer; appellate court upheld rence, Kansas for the Spring semester of
general population. Only students 15
per week until bill paid in full.
decision of Judge Mead, appeal denied, 1982.
years old and older are allowed to take the
Continued
original order in effect.
Jord has been living in Missouri for the test, but they made an exception in Jord’
s
Penobscot Tribal Reservation Housing
Penobscot Nation vs. Marcia Goslin, past few years attending high school in case and allowed him to take the test at
Authority vs. James Sappier, motion for
operating under the influence, appellate Eldon. Jord quit school in the 10th grade, 13. He passed.
attachement and trustee process, con court upheld decision of Judge Mead, studied for his GED diploma and passed it
His current interests are in tinkering
tinued for hearing at request of defendant,
original sentence ordered imposed, stayed with a high score enabling him to qualify with cars, and chess, which he learned to
and upon agreement of plaintiff.
for five days.
for college.
play when he was three.
Penobscots face illegal
moose hunt charges
Accepted at Indian school
�Page 6
Wabanaki Alliance March 1982
b o o k nook
Role of the Indian press
CARBONDALE, Illinois — James and
Sharon Murphy of Southern Illinois Uni
versity :Carbondale's School of Journalism
have written a 150-year history of Indian
print and broadcast media.
Their book, “
Let My People Know-:
American Indian Journalism, 1828-1978,"
documents the history and current status
of the Indian press and describes a race
stereotyped and often misrepresented in
the nation’ “
s establishment”
media.
American Indian journalism began with
Sequoyah’ development of the Cherokee
s
alphabet and with Elias Boudinot’ pub
s
lication of the first Indian newspaper, the
“
Cherokee Phoenix,”in 1828. Much of its
recorded history was lost in the resettle
ment of a race in bondage within the land
of its heritage.
The spirit of the earliest contributors to
Indian journalism is reflected in excerpts
from newspaper philosophies and policies
and in historical anecdotes. That spirit
was rekindled in the 1970s as regional
Indian print and broadcast media groups
worked to strengthen the press editorially
and financially while continuing to put
Indian news in perspective.
Obstacles in researching the book
challenged the authors. R ecords of many
short-lived newspapers w ere never kept
Two Islanders
in d icted for burglary
BANGOR — A Penobscot superior
court grand jury has indicted two Pen
obscot tribal members for burglary and
theft.
Named in the indictments are Alice
Fowler. 43, of Indian Island, and Barry
McGrane, 25, of Old Town. The jury
announced the indictments after Deputy
District Atty. Margaret Kravchuk pre
sented evidence.
According to superior court records,
Fowler and McGrane w ere allegedly
involved in the Jan. 17, burglary and theft
of personal property at the residence of
Edgar S. Day, Main Road, Milford. Bail
was set at $5,000, plus two securities, for
each of the accused, or 50 percent cash.
Woodstoves aid
Island families
INDIAN ISLAND - At least a dozen
wood burning stoves have been delivered
to the Penobscot Nation, and some of
them are already helping to heat Island
homes.
Philip Guimond, tribal official, told
Wabanaki Alliance that he was able to
obtain the steel plate stoves from a
Winterport firm at almost half price —
about $150 each. The stoves have thus far
been distributed mostly to families in
what’known as the “
s
new housing.”
McManus takes
family care job
INDIAN ISLAND — A former tribal
clerk has been hired as tribal family care
coordinator, for the Penobscot Depart
ment of Health & Human Services.
Rhonda McManus, a tribal member who
most recently was contract medical care
clerk for the department, takes over the
job from Freeman Morey, a Passamaquoddy. Morey resigned the position to
attend school full time, according to
Carolyn Styrnad, human services director.
or had been lost. Because of the unstable
nature of the Indian press, existing
directories were outdated. To gather
accurate data, the couple turned to inter
views with person who edited individual
newspapers, visited state historical socie
ties and examined Indian holdings in the
archives of Princeton University’library,
s
the Gilcrease Institute in Tulsa, Okla., and
other collections.
Research on the book became a family
project for the Murphys. For five sum
mers they and their two daughters.
Shannon and Erin, traveled in vans to
Indian reservations and urban centers
throughout the country. Often, to find
existing newspapers or to learn of earlier
publications, the family would drive into a
town and “
just ask directions to the news
paper office or the editor’home.”
s
The Murphys said they found Indian
journalists “
hungry to know about other
tribal newspapers in the country.” To
assist in establishing communication be
tween journalists, they compiled and
edited a print and broadcast media
directory in 1978 as part of their con
tinuing research.
The Murphys hold doctorates from the
University of Iowa and have some years of
teach in g and n ew sp a p er exp erien ce.
Sharon Murphy is associate professor and
head of graduate studies in journalism at
SIUC. James Murphy is an assistant
professor in SIUC’ School of Journalism
s
and is doing research on Alaska native
publications.
"Journalism history texts give little or
no mention to prominent minority publi
cations, particularly the American Indian
press," Sharon Murphy said. The couple’
s
interest in adding Indian contributions to
America's press history stemmed from
research for her book, “
Other Voices,”an
overview of the black, Chicano and
A m erican Indian p r e ss w ritten for
summer recruitment programs for high
school minority journalists.
Jeannette Henry, an Indian journalist,
wrote a foreword to “
Let My People
Know.”
“
Let My People Know” is available
through the University of Oklahoma Press
in Norman, Okla. The Murphys have
earmarked proceeds from the book for
Indian journalism scholarships.
Young CMIA proxy
FBI delays report on
AAicmac hit-run death
AUGUSTA — The Maine Attorney
General’ Office is apparently waiting on
s
the FBI’Washington laboratory to report
s
results of tests, in the case of the hit-andrun death last summer of a Micmac
Indian.
According to the Ellsworth American,
attorney general staffer William Pearson
said delays in the review of the case are
due to the FBI's work, in which material
such as paint chips are being analyzed.
On Aug. 17, 1981, Joseph Peters, 20, a
Micmac blueberry raker from Canada,
was apparently lying in the road, on Rt.
193 in Deblois, when he was struck by a
vehicle operated by Cherrifield police
officer and part-time deputy sheriff Mur
ray B. Seavey.
Seavey, 50, was charged with leaving
the scene of a “
personal injury accident."
Peters was dead at the scene, and Seavey
later claimed the man was already dead
when his car ran over him, although it was
dark, foggy, and Seavey apparently did
not get out of his vehicle. He reportedly
claimed he looked in his rear view mirror.
On Sept. 21, 1981, Seavey pleaded nolo
contendere, or no contest, and was fined
$100 by Judge Millard Emanuelson in
District Court in Machias. Seavey was re
portedly driving a blue police car at the
time his vehicle struck Peters.
Following the outcome of the case in
District Court, Povich, district attorney
for Washington and Hancock counties,
explained he did not present the case to
the Grand Jury because there were “
no
elements of manslaughter."
Peters was killed between 2-2:30 a.m.,
according to official reports, and was
under the influence of alcohol at the time.
The re-investigation of the case began
after snow-balling of public reaction. Some
downeast residents said they were out
raged that an officer of the law — who also
worked security at the blueberry farm
where Peters raked — was fined “
only”
$100 for a fatality.
island trounces others in hoop
INDIAN ISLA N D— The men’basket
s
ball team here, sponsored by the PNF
Snack Bar, em erged the winner in recent
playoffs with Pleasant Point, and Town
ship, and teams from Boston Indian
Council, and Mashpee, Mass.
The Township was runner-up, and the
Point took third place, according to Red
Bartlett, Penobscot tribal recreation di
rector. In all, seven teams comDeted.
The m ost valuable player award went to
Henry Sockabasin of Indian Township; the
sportsmanship trophy was presented to
Ronny Pond of Pleasant Point.
Members of the Penobscot team, be
sides Bartlett, are Pat Francis, Mike
Francis, Dennis Pehrson, Jim Clarkson,
Junior Pehrson and Kevin Mitchell.
The tournament was organized by
Indian Island Recreation Department, and
the winner’ trophy was accepted by
s
Howard Wilson, snack bar manager.
ACH1AS
SAVINGS
BANK
THE SUNSHINE SERVICE BANK OF SUNRISE COUNTY
ORONO — Owen (Sonny) Young of
Brewer has been voted president of
Central Maine Indian Association, in a
recent election here. Bridget Woodward
of Bangor was voted vice president,
leaving open her former position, that of
secretary-treasurer. At press time that
slot had not been filled.
THE PENOBSCOT INDIAN
CALENDAR FOR 1982
IS NOW ON SALE
It is a first printing, a limited edition,
and a future collector’item.
s
It is now on sale at the Community
Building and at the Drop-In Center on
Indian Island.
Price $5.00
Mailing Address for prepaid orders:
National Historical Society
Box 313
Old Town, Maine 04468
Please make checks payable to Pen
obscot National Historical Society.
All orders will be postpaid
MACHIAS •CALAIS
MEMBER FDKI
�Wabanaki Alliance March 1982
Page 7
Sister Maureen beloved school leader
PLEASANT POINT — Her face hot
with indignation, little Rachel Paul, a
Passamaquoddy second-gTader, dashed
into the reservation school principal's
office.
A basketball game between Pleasant
Point and neighboring Pembroke was in
progress, and Rachel demanded: “
How
come the whites have the cheerleaders
and the Indians don’
t?”
Sister Maureen Wallace. new principal
at the school, turned her attention to
Rachel and said gently, “
That's a good
question. Why don't you ask them (the
Indians)?” Rachel learned an Indian
cheerleading team is in the works, and she
declared she'd be the first to sign up.
The interruption didn't bother Sister
Maureen in the least. It’ part of being a
s
principal, a job she took over from Sister
Rose Marie Rush. Sister Maureen has
spent 1 of her 16 years in education
4
teaching at the Pleasant Point school, save
for a brief stint at Peter Dana Point, the
sister Passamaquoddy reservation.
She is the longest tenure teacher in the
Maine Indian Education system, and is
completing certain requirements for her
principalship. As she noted, "this is my
first shot at it. I like working with the kids
in any capacity."
Sister Maureen has seen the reserva
tion school go from state funding to U.S.
Bureau of Indian Affairs sponsorhip, but
Catholics 'nave remained in charge. She
remembers when “ were in a four-room
we
schoolhouse with double grades. The staff
has grown in two decades from four to 35.
including "para-counselor” Christopher
Altvater, a Passamaquoddy who deals
with truancy, among other things.
New rooms
may ease
crowded schools
INDIAN TOWNSHIP and PLEASANT
POINT — Elementary schools at the
sister Passamaquoddy reservations may
soon benefit from U.S. Bureau of Indian
Affairs (BIA) school facility renovation
funds.
The two kindergarten-eighth grade
schools, although housed in modern build
ings, are burdened by overcrowding. At
Pleasant Point, it has meant the use of
other buildings not designed as classroom
space.
Maine Indian Education superintendent
Edward DiCenso told Wabanaki Alliance
several new classroom additions will likely
be constructed at the schools, using an
estimated $1 million available from BIA.
DiCenso said the projects will not
compete with new school funding sought
from BIA by Indian Island (see separate
story this issue).
DiCenso has shepherded Indian schools
from state support, to full funding by BLA,
under terms of federal recognition of the
Passamaquoddy Tribe (1975), and the
Maine Indian land claims act of 1980.
INDIAN LCRAFT
SU P P IE S
p o p e 148 Page
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Till world’
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atalog.
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Trade Beads. Tin Cones.
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Ribbon. Ermine Skins.
Bone Elk Teeth. Shaw!
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OWL Oft
113-15 Springfield Bivd.
Queens Village, N.Y. 11429
Enrollment is at 123, but has been as vandalism breakage. An alarm system has constant energy to function here.”
high as 140-150 pupils. Graduates of the been installed.
A wall poster at the school quotes
reservation’junior high program usually
s
But Sister Maureen says, “
I'm an Virgil: “
They can because they think they
go on to Shead High School in Eastport, or optimistic person. You have to have can."
Lee Academy, the latter a boarding
school.
Why has Sister Maureen devoted so
many years to one school?
“ would say for the sake of the kids,"
I
she said. "They're very open, warm,
unsophisticated . . . and very accepting of
people they feel are sincerely interested in
them.”
Sister Maureen, a Portland native who
is now 38 years old. thinks the sisters have
a special role in reservation life. "I think
because we live here in the community,
there is a built-in trust level."
She said children “
respond to me
because they know me." The Catholic
sisters offer "a kind of security, almost a
motherliness.”
The other sisters teaching at the school
are Sylvia Pelletier, first grade, and
Patricia Pora, third grade. Remaining
positions are held by lay teachers.
Is there any special qualification a
teacher should have on the reservation?
“
You've got to be flexible, understanding
and able to let go of .your ways for another
way of reaching the children," Sister
Maureen said.
She is proud of her staff. “ a very
It's
lively school in that teachers are interested in the school." A graduate of Fordham,
Sister Maureen holds a master's degree in
learning disabilities.
Volunteers help with “
events of the
month" and various extra-curricular ac
tivities. such as record hops and movies,
beano games, a recent Christmas party.
"It helps the children to see the teachers
— I should say staff probably — in a
different light. I think they really care
Sally Mitchell, of Central Maine Indian Association in Orono, presents AI Socoby of Bangor
about the kids," Sister Maureen said.
with some surplus cheese, obtained through President Reagan’ distribution program.
s
There is no doubt kids care about their
CMIA received 900 pounds, or 30 cases, from the U.S. Department of Agriculture’Calvin
s
principal. Warm, smiling, firm but kind.
B. Conant, donated commodity director. Indian Island also was scheduled to receive cheese.
Sister Maureen is like a magnet. Children
flock to her for a friendly word or just a
hug. They don't go away disapppointed.
It’ not all rosy at Beatrice Rafferty
s
School, named after a sister who was
tough as nails. Plexiglass has replaced
many of the glass windowpanes after
#
Cheese, please
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If you are 1 to 2 and not in school,
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The Penobscot Job Corps Center
provides all trainees with a place to
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—in the Portland area—775-7225
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—in the Bangor area—947-0755
—or toll free anywhere in Maine
at 1-800-432-7307
ASK FOR
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Equal Housing
OPPORTUNITY
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Contact the VA for
information about
properties available
throughout the State.
These homes are available to veterans or
non-veterans without preference.
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$20,900.
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�Page 8
YYabanaki Alliance March 19S2
Flashback
news notes
CMIA m eets with 50
PORTLAND — Some 50 persons at
tended a special staff panel meeting
sponsored here by Central Maine Indian
Association (CMIA).
James Sanborn, CMIA director, said
the meeting was successful, and served to
reassure Indians in Southern Maine that
they will not be forgotten by the Oronobased agency. Employment, health and
social services, business development and
education were among topics covered at
the meeting, which took place at Port
lands Holiday Inn. CMIA's services were
explained.
In the past. CMIA maintained a
Portland office, but the cost, plus staffing
problems, has made that impossible to
continue. Sanborn said.
Corbett returns
INDIAN ISLAND delegation promotes a new Pontiac, at least a generation ago, on Main
Street, Old Town. The YMCA building, now demolished, is in background. [Photo courtesy
of F. C. Sapiel!
Citizens group airs gripes
(Continued from page 1
)
They 're either starving or freezing.”
Hamilton said the tribe has. on the
oihi t hand, assisted a “
21-vear-old”who
they "put up in a motel where his Sights
are paid. As long as they put him up. he's
not going to get a job."
Hamilton said a goal of the group is
that, "we're entitled to guidelines, that’
s
all we're asking." He objected to five
recent, lengthy executive sessions by the
tribal council, stating that "unless it's
personal, I don't think any meetings
should be closed to the tribe."
Hamilton said income guidelines for
human services assistance have been
dropped from S3.000 to $2,200, and senior
citizens meals cut from $2.35 to $1.35 per
person.
Officers of the concerned citizens group
include Irene Pardilla, chairman; Alice
Fowler, co-chairman.
INDIAN ISLAND — Howard (Bud)
Corbett of Indian Island has returned to
his position as head of public safety for the
Penobscot Nation. Wabanaki Alliance
reported in November 1981 that Corbett
had resigned, a fact that was confirmed by
tribal Gov. Timothy Love.
He counsels The County
PRESQUE ISLE — Pious Perley is an
alcoholism counselor working out of
Wabanaki Corporation and assigned to
Presque Isle and northern Aroostook
County. He is offering his services and
assists clients on a 24 hour basis. Perley
may be contacted at 762-3751.
Corrections
In last month's Wabanaki Alliance, a
front page story on the Houlton Band of
Maliseets incorrectly stated that Fred
Toman served on the Micmac Recognition
Committee.
The story should have said Maliseet
Recognition Committee, as Tomah is a
Maliseet, and the band consists of mem
bers of that tribe.
A Micmac Recognition Committee was
formed Sept. 9, 1981. and currently has 1
4
members, according to Marlene Morey of
the Association of Aroostook Indians
(AAI) office in Presque Isle.
**
*
A photo in last month’ paper, showing
s
five generations of an Indian Island
family, called them the “
Ranco family,”
when in fact the family could be called the
“
Dana family,”
with Pleasant Point Passamaquoddy ancestry.
. • . v . v . v . '. w
TRI-CHEM
LIQUID EMBROIDERY
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Classes and instructor-training
available.
CONTACT DEBBIE MITCHELL
827-7608
m
.v /.v .
>>:•
PATRICIA LYNNE PHILLIPS, the
daughter of Paul and Yvonne Nott of
Perry, has enlisted in the U.S. Navy. An
honor student, she graduated from Shead
High School, Eastport, in June 1981. She
received basic training in Orlando. Flor
ida. then spent two weeks’
leave at home,
in November 1981. and is now stationed in
Makakilo, Hawaii.
Grants aid engineers
NEW YORK — Westinghouse Edu
cational Foundation recently announced a
$30,000 grant to the National Action
Council for Minorities in Engineering
(NACMEi, the organization to help in
crease the number of black. Hispanic and
American Indian engineering students.
Pharmacy services
offered at clinic
INDIAN ISLAND — On-site pharmacy
services are now availabel at the Indian
Health Center Monday through Friday.
The pharmacist, Thomas Dorworth will
be there Thursdays and Fridays 9 a.m.4:30 p.m. "Please bring all prescriptions to
the health center for filling. If it cannot be
filled here, you will be sent to a near-by
pharmacy,”says Patricia Knox, director.
“
Thank you for your cooperation.”
Sioux leader dies
WANBLEE, S.D. — Elijah Whirlwind
Horse, former Oglaia Sioux tribal chair
man, died recently after a short battle
with cancer. He was 46. Funeral services
were scheduled. Whirlwind Horse was
elected chairman of the Ogala Sioux in
1978. He served two terms.
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Exhibit at Na'swahegan
The photography of C.B. Mitchell of Indian Island is currently on display at
Na’
swahegan-Howland Printing, 76 North Main St., Old Town. Mitchell, a land use
specialist for the Penobscot Nation, holds a BS in biology from University of Maine at
Orono, and has worked for the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service. He studied photography in
school, and had a small business called The Silver Image. He photographs weddings,
portraits and scenics, and his photos are for sale. For information call 827-2428,
evenings.
FISHING EQUIPMENT
BLACK POWDER & SUPPLIES
Bennoch Road
Old Town, Maine 04468
Mon., Tues., Wed., Thurs., Sat. 8 a.m.-5 p.m.
Friday 8 a.m.-8 p.m.
207-827-7032
Ask for A1 or Dave
�
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
<em>Wabanaki Alliance</em> (March 1982)
Creator
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Indian Resource Center
Source
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Passamaquoddy Cultural Museum
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1982-03
Contributor
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Donald Soctomah
Julia Brush
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Steve Cartwright. Used with permission.
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English
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Document
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pdf
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DV-432
-
https://www.dawnlandvoices.org/collections/files/original/3fc32006e3d393d74d69f4433a9eaec6.pdf
7a9b2b54d2396f0c95581975beebe118
PDF Text
Text
THE DOUBLE CURVE MOTIVE
This design is of Penobscot origin and denotes the union of tribes. It is taken from The
Double-Curve Motive in Northeastern Algonkian A rt (Ottowa, 1914, Figure 5B). It is also
found in Symbolism in Penobscot Art (The American Museum of Natural History, Vol.
XXIX, 1927, page 40, Figure 9A), both of which works are by the noted anthropologist, Frank
Soeck
In the latter work Speck tells us: ‘‘Penobscot art is rich in the elaboration of a tew
elementary motives ostensibly for mere decoration, but carrying a realistic plant interpretation
and symbolism. The decorative designs of this tribe are only part oi a series shared alike...by
the neighboring Micmac, Malecite and Passamaquoddy. On the whole, the decorative designs
of the northern Algonkian, from Penobscot east to the Micmac, are in stylistic form
exclusively characteristic of the area. These are the double-curve figures which consist of two
symmetrical opposed incurves which are themselves subject to a host of modifications in the
enclosed space or periphery.”
/
The design to the right, serving
as a masthead and over which
Wabanaki Alliance has been
imposed, is an ancient Penobscot
motive.
It is known as the ‘double
curve motive and is symbolic of
inter-tribal unity. A more fitting
symbol of the Wabanaki peoples
would be difficult to come by.
Background story appears on
back page.
% .I ,* - ! S m BS
POLITICAL SYMBOLISM
Again on page 65 of the latter work referred to above:
‘‘It developed that political conceptions were associated with the curvilinear patterns, in
which the ovals and curves, instead of depicting leaves, blossoms and stems, served as
representations of political and social units, officers and individuals. There remained little
doubt that a new and peculiar symbolism in ornamentation was developing over and around
the curved floral ornaments evoked by the growth of the Iroquoian political idea among the
Wabanaki. (i.e. mutually protective families or nations). Newell Lion, the last representative of
the older regime among the Penobscot, gave these interpretations drawing them from the most
vivid recollections of his younger days when the installation ceremonies of a chief were carried
on seriously, and by men to whom the political values and symbols on their regalia were of real
importance.
,
‘‘It becomes clear that the curved designs in Iroquois are prominent symbols of the
confederacy of the Six Nations. This idea is paralleled very strikingly by the curved symbol
among the Wabanaki.”
Editor's Note: The Wabanaki Alliance among the Malecite, Passamaquoddy, Micmac. and
Penobscot was a political and cultural fact from about the year 1700 to mid-nineteenth
century\ and we have the double-curve motive in Northern Algonkian Art to symbolize and
demonstrate that fact.
•
DfrecIorS'Tnc!udc, left to right: [front row] Frank
Loring, lieutenant governor, Indian Island; Erlenc
Paul, Old Town; Mike Crawford; Terry Polchies,
president, AAI; Eugene Francis, governor, Pleasani
Point; [middle row] Wayne Newell, Grace Roderick,
Susan Stevens, Ralph Dana, Tom Tureen; [back row]
Alan Sockabasin, governor, Peter Dana Point; Tom
Battiste; Andy Aikcns; John Stevens, commissioner of
Indian Affairs; James Sappier.
�W abanaki Alliance
Page 1
Catholic Laymen Fund Statewide Indian Center
The Division of Indian Services (DIS) of the
Catholic Diocese of Portland has received funds from
the DeRance Foundation of Milwaukee, Wisconsin, to
set up an Indian Resource Center and a Youth
Organization Program for Maine's Indians. The
Division of Indian Services is one branch of the
Diocesan Human Relations Services.
MS
Last fall DIS reached out to DeRance, Inc. and
requested in a formal proposal that they sponsor a
self-help program for the various tribes of Maine. In
the past years their efforts had been directed to Indian
peoples south of the border in Mexico and Central
America.
Their broad purposes involve charitable and
religious giving with emphasis on Roman Catholic
Church support for higher education and welfare
programs in America and abroad, and for educational
and social development in Latin America. The
foundation was established in 1946 in Wisconsin.
This funding represents their first effort to assist
Indians of North America and is divided into two
separate grants. The first of these is for $30,000 to
establish an Indian Resource Center or, for a more
descriptive title, a state-wide communications center
to serve all of Maine’s Indians.
The second grant is for $37,800 to implement a
Youth Organization Program to come under the
directorship of the Resource Center. This phase of the
grants is well under way with the hiring of TribalCouncil-approved Indian Youth Co-ordinators. A
search is being made at the moment for a professional
person to serve as a consultant on a part-time basis to
integrate educational, social and recreational projects
throughout the State.
The Youth Program is meant to enrich the
experience of Indian young people during their
growing years and leisure time and help them develop
spiritual and other personal strengths so that they can
more effectively meet the challenges encountered in
their various communities in a period of rapid change
in society in general.
Rev. Joseph F. Mahoney, a Jesuit Priest, who has a
Masters Degree in Communication Arts, has been
hired by the all-Indian DIS Board of Advisors as
Director of the Resource Center. He is also
responsible for fleshing out the Youth Organization
Program and for ensuring its refunding next year.
The Division of Indian Services is a unit of the
Catholic Diocese’s Human Relations Services and
enjoys the services of the only all-Indian Board of
Advisors which represents all the Indian Tribal
groups in Maine. This Board meets on a monthly
basis and discusses a wide range of issues affecting the
welfare of Maine’s Indian communities.
The DeRance grant will hopefully serve as a means
of enhancing the growth of further inter-tribal union
as a result of which a more effective voice can be heard
for the benefit of all.
The Indian Resource Center in Orono will try to
bridge the communication gaps between Indian and
non-Indian peoples by pursuing six major objectives:
1. Inter-Indian Communications
2. Religious Education
3. Leadership Development
4. Mobilization of Resources
5. Interpretation to the non-Indian community
6. Advocacy
Members of the DIS Board of Directors
pictured elsewhere in these pages. With
remuneration, they have served their people well
continue to do so. They deserve our gratitude
support.
are
no
and
and
JOHN L. STEVENS, COMMISSIONER OF INDIAN AFFAIRS,
AND KENNETH M. CURTIS, GOVERNOR OF THE STATE OF MAINE
Eastern Indians Form New Alliance
M aine In d ian lead ership la st D ecem ber
participated in an unprecedented meeting of Indian
peoples east of the Mississippi River. Over 125 people
from some 65 eastern Indian tribes, communities, and
organizations came together for the first time in this
century in Washington, D.C., the nation’s capital.
The Eastern Indian Conference, sponsored by the
Native American Rights Fund of Boulder, Colorado,
was made possible by a grant from the Edna
McConnell Clark Foundation of New York City.
It was the desire of the Clark Foundation to support
this effort to bring together Eastern Indian leaders in
an atmosphere of communication, cooperation and
new public awareness. Eastern Indians are the
descendants of Indian tribes living in the eastern part
of the United States prior to the American Revolution.
The Passamaquoddies, Penobscots, Micmacs, and
Malecites of Maine, the Senecas, Cayugas, Oneidas,
Shinnecocks and Poopatucks of New York, the
Manticokes of Delaware, the Miamis of Indiana, the
Mattaponi and Pamunky of Virginia, the Coharie and
Maccamau Siouans of North Carolina, the Catawbas,
Creeks, Coushattas, Cherokees and Seminoles are
some of the names of over 60 tribes, not to mention
the second largest Indian tribe in the country, the
Lumbees of North Carolina, with a population of
40,000.
Some eastern Indians live on State reservations, a
very few on Federal reservations, and some in cities.
But most live in isolated rural areas to which they
retreated from the advancing settlers. There they have
remained and endured without knowing their rights
or the availability of federal and state program funds,
attempting to retain their cultural values.
Even though the problems of Eastern Indians are
similar to those of western Indians, eastern Indians do
not receive the same kind of federal support and,
indeed, most of them do not come under the
Government’s OWN special agency for Indians, the
Bureau of Indian Affairs.
The Eastern Indian Conference attempted fo fill
some of the informational gaps shared by eastern
Indian groups. During the meeting, representatives of
government agencies like Health, Education, and
Welfare, U.S. Office of Education, The Office of
Economic Opportunity, U.S. Commission on Civil
Rights, the Departments of Commerce, Labor and
Agriculture, were on hand to discuss services offered
by their respective agencies for which eastern Indians
would be eligible.
Also present were lawyers and consultants who are
working with eastern Indians to discuss the historical
limitations as well as the current attempts being made
by eastern tribes in gaining federal recognition and
services. Representatives of the Clark, the Ford, the
Rockefeller Brothers, and the Donner Foundations
were also present to talk to conference delegates about
their needs and aspirations.
A keynote address was given by noted Indian
author and lawyer. Vine Deloria, Jr., on the last day.
In his talk, Mr. Deloria said that eastern Indians have
come together at a very important point in history, for
they are the Indian people who can help all Indian
people redefine the Government’s obligation to Indian
people based on the Constitution of the United States
and numerous treaties and executive decisions.
“ W hat Indian people must remember,” said Mr.
Deloria, “ is that the trustee relationship of the
Federal Government to Indian people is the respon
sibility of all Government agencies and not just of the
Department of Interior and the Bureau of Indian
Affairs.”
The enthusiasm of the group was marked by their
continuous meetings which were not on the agenda.
Out of these meetings, some of which remained in
session until the early morning hours, came a new
alliance called the Coalition of Eastern Native
Americans (CENA). By a unanimous approval of the
entire assembly, the new organization was founded
and an eleven-member steering committee, of which
Mr. Thomas Battiste and Mr. Andrew Aikens of.
Maine are members, was chosen by popular vote to
head CENA in its initial development. W. J.
Strickland, a thirty-year old Lumbee from Pembroke,
North Carolina, was elected chairman of the steering
committee. Regarding the goals of the new eastern
Coalition, Mr. Strickland said: “ We pledge to help all
Indian people in the East to move toward self-deter
mination, both community by community and state by
state. Each of these communities has its own
leadership, and its own needs. Our work will be to
remove road blocks and to deliver services so that
these needs can be met.” Mr. Strickland added: “ I am
pleased with the responsiveness of the people at this
conference, their dedication and their willingness to
cross community and state lines to resolve their
problems.”
The steering committee plans on incorporating as a
non-profit private organization to serve as a technical
assistance agency for eastern Indian groups. Funds
will be sought from private and public sources for
setting up an office in Washington, D.C. and for
programs to assist individual Indian communities and
tribes in their quest for self-determination. A long
range goal of CENA will be to work toward a single
Federal Government Indian policy whereby all
Indians are treated alike for delivery of services and
protection of resources, whether they be eastern,
western, urban or rural.
�Page 2
Wabanaki Alliance
E D IT O R IA L S
WABANAKI ALLIANCE
It is appropriate that the first issue of WABANAKI ALLIANCE
appear in this season of Easter, of rebirth and new growth. This paper
is itself symbolic of a rebirth represented by our mast-head, of an
ancient alliance among the Indian people of Maine dating back to
1700. The term Wabanaki itself means, “The Daybreak People” or
“ People of the Eastern Lands” and embraced the very same tribes
identifiable today within the State of Maine: The Penobscot,
Passamaquoddy, Mic Mac and Malecite.
The very reason for existence of this paper is to improve
communications amongst all Maine’s Indian peoples. Our philosophy
will be to emphasize those areas of concern which unite the various
tribes and to minimize those areas which historically have been the
causes for disunion and dissension.
We are most grateful to the DeRance Foundation of Milwaukee,
Wisconsin, for enabling us to set up the Resource Center in Orono and
to work out a well-coordinated Youth Organization Program now in the
planning stage. We will work for more effective Christian witness to
Maine’s Indian people in the name of these committed Catholic
laymen.
CONGRATULATIONS!
The D.I.S. Board of Advisors, serving as the ex-officio Editorial
Board of this paper, wishes to congratulate the Indian leadership of the
various tribal units for the initiative they have taken in recent months to
improve the lot of Maine’s Indian people. The various Governors and
A.A.I. President, representing their various Tribal Councils, have been
on the road a good bit of the time since last Fall meeting with Maine’s
Congressional Delegation and various Federal agency representatives
in Washington, D.C., Boston, Augusta and Bangor. Along with their
dedicated professional advisors they have been working behind the
scenes to improve the Indian’s social lot and to redress ancient
injustices. One of the most hopeful developments has been the
formation of a new alliance called the Coalition of Eastern Native
Americans (C.E.N.A.) an organization badly needed to focus attention
on the eastern and northeastern Indians’ situations.
CONGRATULATIONS!
INVITATION
This first issue of WABANAKI ALLIANCE has been prepared
chiefly by Fr. Joseph Mahoney, S.J., Director of the Resource Center
acting in the name of and with the approval of his all-Indian Board of
Directors.
Following issues will, hopefully, be written and edited by volunteer
Indian people from all levels of society, including and especially, the
young both on reservation and from the university and high school
communities. Articles, artwork, poetry, letters to the editor, are needed
and wanted. From this reservoir of talent will come our all-Indian
editorial board of future issues.
Any person wishing to become involved should write to Fr. Joseph
Mahoney, S.J. at 89 Main Street, Orono, Maine.
WABANAKI ALLIANCE'
Vol. 1, No. 1
May1973
Managing Editor: Joseph F. Mahoney, S. J.
Editorial Board:
DIS Board of Directors: Thomas Battiste, Chairman;
Jean Chevaree, Alan Sockabasin, Nicholas Dow,
Terry Polchies, John Bailey
Published by Indian Resource Center, 93 Main St., Orono, Me.
A LONG DEEP SHAME
[The following are excerpts from a
recent syndicated newspaper column by
the outstanding black journalist, Carl
T. Rowan. His appraisal of the
significance of “Wounded Knee” is one
of the best I have seen. J.F.M.]
WASHINGTON—As a newsman, I
have spent weeks among the Sioux. I
have heard white Americans point to
Indian bellies, bloated or tumefied by
horrible diets, and exclaim: “You see,
they can’t be hungry.”
I have seen mothers shiver on the dirt
floors of tarpaper shacks on the
Standing Rock reservation in North
Dakota, massaging their babies to try to
keep them warm.
I have talked to hundreds of whites
on the periphery of Indian reservations
who produce a litany of stereotypes:
“ Indians are lazy, Indians are dirty,
Indians are drunkards” . . . a litany so
painfully similar to what I heard about
“niggers” during my young days in the
Deep South.
I have w alked enough dusty
reservation roads to know that for all
the ugly discriminations against, and
oppressions of, black people, or Puerto
Ricans, or Mexican Americans, it is the
American Indian who is most ne
glected, most brutalized, most de
graded.
And the pity is that those millions of
Americans who do care somewhat for
justice give a thought to these Indians
only when an angry protest erupts at the
Bureau of Indian Affairs here, or when
a crisis is at hand at some place like
Wounded Knee. The shame is that
Indians must resort to force and
law-breaking just to get the country to
consider their grievances.
We have “buried” the American
Indian alive in the backwoods of
American life. And because he is out of
sight, he is out of our minds.
It would be untrue in the physical
sense to say that we have given ourselves
peace of mind by keeping Indians in
rural concentration camps. Because the
Indian is now free to leave any
reservation.
But the prison shackles are in his
mind. All but a few have been denied
the education and training which would
enable them to cope in the highly
technological society at large. And
however good the training of a few,
isolation has made the American
mainstream a strange, hostile world
that some are loath to enter.
Many Indians truly put priority on
retaining their Indian heritage and
culture, so assimilation is not their goal.
Others are tied to their bleak, largely
barren reserves by dreamy notions that
someday, somehow the white man’s
government is going to hand over the
billions of dollars they say the white
man owes them for their land. They
want to be around to claim their share.
So it is not just rage that dis
tinguishes those Indian militants at
Wounded Knee. It is also confusion,
hopelessness, despair, these being the
most plentiful commodities among
American minorities these days.
W hat I am saying, then, is that there
is no way this government is going to
satisfy the myriad age-old grievances of
the American Indian movement in
general or the W ounded Knee
insurgents in particular. Only a genuine
transformation of heart and spirit by
the mass of Americans can produce
that.
—Carl T. Rowan.
�Wabanaki Alliance
Page 3
An Appeal
INDIAN JUSTICE THROUGH MAINE S 106TH LEGISLATURE
“The White Men made us many promises, more than I can remember, but they never
kept but one; they promised to take our land, and they took it.”
Indian Quote from:
“Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee”
Our Indian countrymen have been
subjected to persecution and discrimi
nation since the 16th Century. Yet,
many Mainers still look with aloof
curiosity or d isin terest a t the
descendants of Sitting Bull, Geronimo,
Crazy Horse, Chief Joseph, Cochise, etc.
as they peacefully demonstrate or
violently protest their grievances at
historical sites such as Wounded Knee.
Most of us realize that there is a small
but significant part of the Indian
Nation living in Maine; but few of us
are aware that they have suffered and
continue to countenance many of the
same injustices perpetrated on their
western Brothers from the Dakotas.
The Penobscot, P assam aquoddy,
Micmac and Maliseet Tribes comprise
the estimated 2,500 Indians living in
Maine. Although most of them live on
the reservations at Indian Island-Old
Town, Pleasant Point-Perry, and Indian
Township-Princeton, many live off
reservation in the north east section of
the State.
The Passamaquoddy settlements are
State reservations with treaties dating
back to 1794 and 1795 - 26 years before
Maine became a State in 1820. Many
Maine Indians feel that the State of
Massachusetts and the State of Maine
have violated their treaties with the
Maine Tribes. One can only speculate
on the outcome of litigations in Federal
and State Courts over their suits, but
one need not sp eculate on the
conditions of poverty, alienation, and
despair in our Indian community today.
Economic depression with unem
ployment rates between 50 percent and
80 percent; educational deprivation
with nearly an 80 percent high school
dropout rate on some reservations;
substandard living conditions with no
plum bing and often d ilap id ated
housing; inadequate social, medical
and dental services highlight this
deplorable list of neglect and
discrim ination. The m ost telling
statistic is that of life expectancy - an
Indian’s average life is approximately
44. a white American’s is 72.
Maine Indians are not recognized by
the Federal Government and, therefore,
they are not eligible for federal
assistance services from the Bureau of
Indian Affairs in Washington. It’s true
the Oglala Sioux may have justified
grievances against the Federal Gov
ernment for breach of treaty and
corrupt m anagem ent o f Indian
programs in South Dakota - but Maine
Indians are not even eligible for
millions of dollars worth of services
afforded other American Tribes.
Federal, State and local officials have
admitted that the citizens of Maine
have discriminated against and ignored
the Indian people for too long. In order
to provide better lives and a brighter
future for our Maine Indians, we should
seriously consider favorable action on
the following legislative documents
before the 106th Maine Legislature:
LD 343 - PART H BUDGET
Sponsor: Senator Sewall of Penobscot
Purpose: This bill would provide a
clerk -ty p ist, In d ia n developm ent
specialist, typist, Accountant-clerk,
full-time chaplain, fees for tribal gov
ernments and increased support of
Indian Housing Authorities.
Referred to: Appropriations Committee
Allocation: $183,928 for the biennium
(1973-75)
LD 284— AN ACT Relating to Actions
for Money Due Indian Tribes and for
Injury Done to Tribal Lands.
Sponsor: Mr. Mills of Eastport
Referred to: Judiciary Committee
Purpose: This bill would allow the
Commissioner of Indian Affairs upon
his own initiative, or at the request of
the governing body of any of the
tribes, legal actions for money due
any such tribe and for injuries done
to tribal lands. The present law
would be amended to allow suits or
be filed for damages prior to Sep
tember 16, 1971. This date, accord
ing to the Indians, is unconstitu
tional and creates a possible conflict
of interest for the Attorney General
who is authorized to protect both
State and Indian interests.
LD 287—Resolution, Proposing an
Amendment to the Constitution to
Provide for Indian Representatives
to the Legislature.
Sponsor: Mr. Mills of Eastport
Referred to: Government Committee
Purpose: This resolution would allow
the Penobscot and Passamaquoddy
Tribes to elect one non-voting repre
sentative (from each tribe) to the leg
islature. For the first 120 years of
Maine’s history as a State, Indians
sat and spoke on the floor of the
House. In the early 1940’s this prac
tice was terminated. This amend
ment would establish privileges and
duties of Indian Representatives by
constitutional law as other represen
tatives.
LD 278 — AN ACT Relating to Lands
on Indian Township, Washington
County, acquired by the State.
Sponsor: Mr. Mills of Eastport
Referred to: Judiciary Committee
Purpose: This bill would allow the
conveyance of State acquired lands
on Indian Township in Washing
ton County to the Passamaquoddy
Tribe. (These lands would have to be
assessed for State, County or forestry
District taxes.) The intent is to elim
inate confusion as to the status of
lands acquired by the Passama
quoddy Tribe through purchase.
LD 1290 — AN ACT to Appropriate
Funds for the Purpose of Creating
an Off-Reservation Indian Develop
ment Office within the Department
of Indian Affairs.
Sponsor: Mr. Haskell of Houlton
Referred to: Appropriations Committee
Purpose: This Act would appropriate
$59,845 for the biennium to estab
lish an off-reservation office in order
to provide a voice for off-reservation
Indians and to insure that they re
ceive much needed social services.
LD 813 — RESOLVE, Appropriating
Funds for Construction of Early
Childhood Facility for the Passa
DELIA AND NICK RANCO, who just celebrated their sixtieth wedding anniversary
Easter Sunday, are a delightful example of the inner beauty that comes with the
passage of time. But time is by no means the only thing which has wrought that quiet
joy so obvious in this gracious couple. (Photo courtesy of Bangor Publishing Co.)
THE BEAUTY OF O LD AGE
The thought o f old age sends a shudder through many hearts. But
like most fears that beset us, this one is a lamentable delusion, and
needless.
I looked long at the loveliness o f a young cherry tree, a p ink bouquet
offered to the spirit o f springtime. I thought no tree could be fairer, and
sighed to think o f the wanton breeze that would soon scatter the bloom
and the beauty and leave to the tree but the dull duty o f fruitbearing.
Around the bend o f the road there towered a noble tree, fu ll two
centuries old. It bore its majestic crown on a stem that rose like a
bronze column reaching jrom earth to sky. I t breathed o f serenity,
power, and understanding, and shed a great peace.
The dainty pink tree was a poem, a lilting lyric poem; but this was an
epic, a classic o f majesty and music. Suddenly age meant something
beyond all losing. I t meant the gain o f all that was good in life, kneaded
into a soul that transcended all littleness, all trifling— a spirit aglow
with an inner glory. Men are as trees walking.
“How beautiful you are!" exclaimed a young enthusiast to an old
woman philosopher.
“M y child, I ought to be beautiful. I have lived eighty years," she
replied.
Youth is a time o f fleeting beauty, a passage o f storm and stress. We
regret it, but we would not have it again i f we might. Age brings peace:
and it will, i f we desire it, bring to us a beauty beyond the touch o f the
earth.
— Unknown
maquoddy Tribe at Pleasant Point.
Sponsor: Mr. Mills at Eastport
Referred to: Committee on Human
Resources
Purpose: To appropriate $83,500 to
construct an early childhood facility
for the Passamaquoddy Tribe at
Pleasant Point, Washington County.
The facility would provide Head
Start, Educational, Vocational li
brary and career development pro
grams.
LD 465 — AN ACT Relating to Leg
islation Affecting Penobscot Tribe
of Indians.
Sponsor: Mrs. Murchison of Mattawamkeag.
Referred to: Committee on Human
Resources
Purpose: No legislation directly affect
ing the Penobscot Tribe shall be in
troduced into the legislature without
first being submitted to the governor
and council of the Penobscot Tribe
of Indians for their approval.
—John Kerry, H RS
[Adaptedfrom the Church World, 4/23/73]
�Page 4
Wabanaki Alliance
Dental Clinic Services
Opportunities At Hand
Human Relations Services, Inc.
(HRS), District IV, has been operating,
in one manner or another, dental clinic
programs since the summer of 1968.
Perhaps a brief history of the dental
clinics operated by HRS, District IV,
would be of some benefit to the Indian
reader.
AAI LEGAL HELP — The Association of Aroostook Indians, Inc., received a grant
from the Campaign For Homan Development, of the United States Catholic
Conference, for the purpose of establishing an Indian legal services program in
Aroostook County. Operations under the grant began last fall with the h i r i n g of an
attorney. The person hired is Robert Moore and the office is located in the building
owned by the A.A.I. at Bowdoin Street in Houlton.
The program will provide legal counsel to Indian people in Aroostook County. This
will include both civil and criminal matters. By providing a lawyer for Indians accused
of crimes, the A.A J. project is broader than Pine Tree Legal Assistance, Inc., which is
limited to civil matters.
The attorney is not yet admitted to practice in the state courts of Maine. However,
the results of the bar examination will be out in early April. After that time the
Aroostook Indian Legal Service will be in full operation. At present, the Indian Unit
of Pine Tree Legal Assistance, Inc., is cooperating with A.A.I. to provide necessary
representation in court.
Normally, the A.A.I. attorney is in the Caribou area one day a week. With no office
in that area, it has been Helen Ciganik, A.A.I.’s VISTA worker in Caribou, who has
put the people in contact with the attorney if needed.
Left to right in photo: Tom Battiste, Bishop Peter L.-Gerety, Terry Polchies,
Brenda Polchies, Gloria Tomah. [Church World Photo]
TONY KALISS REPORT
In the summer of 1972 a survey was commissioned by the Board of Directors of the
Division of Indian Services. Recently, the results of that broad and challenging work
was published by Mr. Tony Kaliss. It is a most valuable fact sheet and resource.
Following is the formal title of the work embracing 174 pages followed by the intro
duction to the report as written by Mr. Kaliss:
An inventory and evaluation of the programs serving the Indians of Maine
and
Recommendations for the future work of the Division of Indian Services—
Diocesan Human Relations Services of the Catholic Diocese of Portland, Maine.
This inventory and evaluation of the
programs serving the Indian population
of Maine was undertaken at the request
of the Board of Directors of the
Catholic Diocese of Portland’s Division
of Indian Services. The DIS was
established in the Spring of 1968 as part
of the Diocese’s Bureau of Human
Relations Services. Both the DIS and
the Bureau of Human Relations
Services, which was set up in 1966,
represent the belief of the Diocese in
Portland that a true Christian concern
must extend beyond the spiritual needs
of a man to deal with the social and
economic conditions in which he lives.
It represents, as well, the pressure
placed on all churches in the 1960’s to
respond to the day to day problems of
living faced by the poor and non-white
minorities in our country and around
the world, as well.
The DIS first consisted of a Director,
then responsible to the Director of the
Bureau of Human Relations Services.
Next, an Advisory Board of Indians and
non-Indians was set up and, finally, in
June of 1971 the Advisory Board was
changed into an all-Indian Board, with
two representatives from each Reserva
tion and two from the Association of
Aroostook Indians, which represents
the large Indian community in Aroos
took County. This Board was also given
increased powers and is now basically a
Board of Directors rather than an
Advisory Board.
The first Director of DIS was Louis
Doyle, who served from 1968 to 1972
when he resigned. His place was taken
by Father Richard Rokos, who accepted
the job temporarily to help the new
Board get on its feet. Feeling that he
has done what he intended, and after
discussion with the Board, Father
Rokos resigned as of June 30, 1972 to
return full time to his duties as Pastor
of the St. Anne’s Mission on the
Penobscot Reservation. He is now
pastor in Bucksport, Maine.
Because the DIS Board is still new
and because many things have changed
since DIS was set up in 1968, the Board
decided to take the opportunity of
getting a new Director to make some
decisions about where DIS should go in
the future. But to know where to go
from here, one has to know where
“here” is, and so the DIS Board
decided to have someone do an
inventory and evaluation o f the
programs now serving the Indians of
In the summer of 1968, a dental
clinic was established in the Calais
Regional Hospital in Calais, Maine.
The clinic was intended to be operated
only during the summer months and
originally only for the benefit of the
Indian population residing on the two
reservations located in Washington
County.
In August 1971, this summer clinic
was reorganized so that a full-time
dentist could be hired and dental
services provided to all low-income
children living in Washington County.
While the summer clinic program in
Washington County was being carried
on, a year-round clinic was established,
initially, in Lee, Maine. The Lee Dental
Clinic began tre a tin g low-income
children within a 35 mile radius of Lee
on July 1,1970. Subsequently, the clinic
was moved to its present location in the
Marianne School in Chester, Maine.
This clinic is now known as the Chester
Dental Clinic.
As the two dental clinics began
full-tim e operations, geographical
guidelines, eligibility criteria, and clinic
procedural policies were drafted and
put into effect. Basically, in order to
qualify for the clinic’s services, a child
Maine and make some recommenda
tions to the Board about future work.
This survey, then, is the result. It is
divided into three parts. Part One is an
inventory of programs serving the
Indians of Maine. It contains just the
facts; opinions have been left for Part
Two, which is an evaluation of the
programs. Part Three is based on Parts
One and Two, and contains recommen
dations to DIS about possible future
work of DIS.
The facts in this survey are based on
ten weeks of field work. The opinions
are based on many conversations with
some 70 Indians and a good few nonIndians during the ten weeks and on six
years of work and contact with the
Indians in Maine. Every person has his
own way of looking at things, and the
author of this survey certainly has his
own, but he has tried, as much as
possible, to learn from the people on the
receiving end what they think and
where they want to go in the future.
Any resemblance that the opinions in
this study have to the opinions of other
people is not at all coincidental since
the author thinks that many other
people besides himself have a lot of
good common sense. However, the
opinions expressed here in writing are
those of the author and he alone is
responsible for them.
Corrections and additions to the
factual material in this survey, as well
as any comments on the evaluations,
are very welcome. They should be
addressed to the Division of Indian
Service, 53 Illinois Ave., Bangor, Maine
04401.
must meet the following criteria:
1. The child must be 18 years of age
or younger.
2. The child’s family or guardian
must be receiving State public
assistance, i.e. A .F.D .C . or
A.A.B.D., State general assist
ance, Municipal or County Public
Assistance, or be eligible for or
receiving donated com m odity
foods.
3. The child must reside within the
geographical area served by each
clinic.
The clinic located in the Calais
Regional Hospital is staffed by Dr.
William Baker, D.M.D., and he is open
five days a week, generally Monday
through Friday, from eight in the
morning until five in the afternoon.
Referrals can be made either by the
person seeking dental health directly or
by another person acting on behalf of a
family and the family’s child or
children. The telephone number to call
is 454-7521. No fees are charged for the
general procedures offered a t the clinic,
except that laboratory fees must be
paid for, either by the family or some
other party, and fees are charged for
services for adults on an emergency
basis. Generally, adults are treated on
an emergency basis only for the
alleviation of pain, and thus usually
means a simple extraction of a tooth or
teeth.
The Chester Dental Clinic has the
same general operating guidelines,
services provided, eligibility criteria,
and other limitations which apply to the
Calais Clinic. The Chester Clinic is
staffed by Dr. David Levy, D.M.D. and
is generally open from eight in the
morning until five in the afternoon. The
phone number to call is 794-8185.
Again, referrals can be made by
individuals on their own behalf or by
some other party acting for a family and
a family’s child or children. The area
served by the Chester Clinic essentially
extends from just north of Old Town
(including In d ian Island) to the
northern most boundary of Penobscot
County and also includes a small part of
southern Aroostook County.
The two clinics are prevention
oriented and children are treated with
the expectation in mind th at the clinic
directors may terminate services to a
patient if that patient refuses to comply
with those instructions given to him or
to his family. The clinics cannot afford
to pay for transportation to or from the
clinics, so this must be worked out by
the individual families and their
children who want to receive dental
services from the clinics.
As of the date of this article, the
patient load in the Chester Clinic is
such that there is a ten month waiting
list; in Calais, the patient load is rapidly
expanding. However, it is the intent of
each clinic to try to serve as many
low-income c h ildren as possible
consistent with limited personnel and
quality dental care.
For additional information regarding
the clinics Program in general or any
specific aspect of it, please contact the
Human Relations Services—District IV
office, 53 Illinois Avenue, Bangor,
Maine, 04401. Telephone 947-8664.
Jon McNulty, HRS., Disk IV
�Wabanaki Alliance
Page 5
MERCY' AND THE MAINE INDIAN
In the year 1878 a request for assistance in missionary and educational work among
the Penobscot Indians of Old Town came to the Motherhouse of the Sisters of Mercy
in Manchester, New Hampshire. In response to this request from Rt. Rev. James
Augustine Healy, Bishop of Portland, four Sisters left Manchester on August 25,
1878.
They arrived at Indian Island accompanied by Rev. Michael O’Brien, pastor of the
Old Town Church and Mother Francis Xavier Warde, foundress of the Sisters of
Mercy in the United States. Mother Warde came to officially open the Convent and
School that were to be established there.
During these ninety-some years the
The Sisters were met by the Chief of
Sisters of Mercy have continued
the Tribe, Sockabeson Swassin, who
uninterruptedly their work as educa
along with many others brought the
tors; provided health service for most of
those years through Sister Nurses at
Sisters in canoes to the other side of the
river. There they were welcomed with
Pleasant Point, and nursing care in the
warmth and genuine sincerity by large
early years wherever the need; and were
ever ready to respond to any need, be it
numbers gathered on the bank. Tribal
spiritual or physical.
Chief Sockabeson had given up his own
home in order that the Sisters would
The general feeling of good will that
have a place in which to live.
exists between the Reservation com
munities and the Sisters of Mercy is a
In 1880 the Penobscot Indians built a
living tribute to the ninety-some years
new Convent for the Sisters, assisted
of service that the Sisters have given to
financially in its erection by Bishop
the Passamaquoddy and Penobscot
Healy and priests of neighboring
Tribes in Maine.
parishes. A schoolhouse was built by
the State in the early 1880’s. Prior to
The “warmth and the genuine
that, classes for the children were held
sincerity” of the welcome that the
in a private home.
Sisters experienced on their arrival in
1879—has been handed down like a
A nother b an d of Sisters left
burning torch to successive generations
Manchester and arrived at Pleasant
. . . and for the warmth of that “light”
Point on Passamaquoddy Bay on June
the Sisters of Mercy are eternally
21, 1879. They, too, were received with
grateful.
great enthusiasm and the people
formed a guard of honor as the Sisters
—Sister Doris Kirby, R.C.M.
were escorted by the Tribal Chief to
their Convent, a finely constructed log
cabin adjoining the Church.
The Sisters from Pleasant Point spent
four months out of every year at Dana
Point. This arrangement continued for
a few years until more Sisters arrived to
As reported In the Bangor Daily
maintain' a separate residence and to
News of April 9, 1973, the Economic
continue the school at Dana Point
Development Administration has made
which was established in 1879.
a $50,000 grant to Maine’s Passama
Early in 1927 fire destroyed the
quoddy Indians.
Church and Convent on the Pleasant
Sen. Edmund S. Muskie said that the
Point Reservation. For a time the
money will be used to set up a
Sisters lived in Eastport continuing all
marketing system for the sale of baskets
the while the education of the children
made by Indians on the tribe’s Indian
and the care of the sick. The
Township and Pleasant Point reser
cornerstone for the present Church and
vations. Sen. Muskie said that the
Convent structure was laid in the latter
E.D. A. will pay for the entire cost of the
part of 1928.
project.
In 1955 Sister Beatrice Rafferty died
Representative leaders of the tribe
and was buried, at her request, in the
were in Washington in pursuit of the
cemetery at Pleasant Point. The Indian
idea. Muskie said they discussed the
people there, in recognition of her thirty
marketing grant application and other
years of service on that Reservation
applications for Federal help with the
named the present new school—the
Maine Congressional Delegation and
Beatrice Rafferty School.
other Federal officials.
E.D.A. And The
Passam aquoddy
B asket Co-op
MR. JOHN BAILEY
MRS. FRANCIS C. CHAVAREE
INDIANS SERVING INDIANS
Pictured in this issue of WABA
NAKI ALLIANCE are two members of
the DIS Board of Directors, Mrs.
Francis C. Chavaree, R.N., a Penobscot
of Indian Island and Mr. John Bailey, a
Passamaquoddy of Pleasant Point.
Other members of the Board are Mr.
Thomas Battiste, a MicMac of Houlton
and Chairman of the DIS Board; Mr.
Alan Sockabasin, a Passamaquoddy
and Governor of Peter Dana Point; Mr.
N icholas Dow, a Penobscot and
President of the Tribal Council at
Indian Island; Mr. Terry Polchies, a
M aliseet and P resid en t of the
Aroostook Association of Indians. Mr.
Polchies is filling out the term of Mrs.
Helen Ciganik, of Caribou.
We wish to extend our appreciation
to all of the members of the Board of
DIS who have served their Indian
people well at considerable expenditure
of time and energy and with no remun
eration. Especially do we wish to thank
Mrs. Helen Ciganik, a dedicated
servant of her Aroostook people, who
has recently finished service with the
DIS Board.
Also we express gratitude to Mr. Tom
Battiste, who has served the Board well
as its Chairman and who will be
resigning in July of this year. Tom has
recently received a Ford Foundation
Grant for private research in the
development of Indian leadership.
Congratulations to our Chairman!
Y outh O rganization Program
There was a Grant of $30,000 made
by DeRance, Inc. for the establishment
of an Indian Resource Center. Most
people concerned are aware of this fact.
But what is probably less well known
is the fact that a second grant for
$37,800 was given to set up and imple
ment a Youth Organization Program
for the benefit of all Maine’s Indian'
people. This second grant operates out
of the office of the Director of the
Indian Resource Center. Approxi
mately two thirds of the allotment for
the Youth Program is committed to
salaries.
Each reservation and the A.A.I. were
to hire a youth co-ordinator to be
approved by the respective tribal
councils. The three reservations have so
chosen and in each instance the person
chosen was already serving as Recrea
tion Director under an existing pro
gram . The present recreational
program will be expanded to include
formal instruction in Indian arts and
crafts, tutorial work, domestic sciences
and intercultural seminars and field
trips. To oversee this broadening of the
youth effort the Board of Directors is
currently searching for a part-time
professional person who can bring
know-how plus experience and
dedication to the job.
The Youth Coordinators approved by
the various Tribal Councils are:
Penobscot:
Orland “ Sparky” Clark
Pleasant Point: Francis “ Red” Sapiel
Peter Dana Point: Justin “Jake” Lola
O rono S ite For C enter
After considering the advantages of various
locations around northern Maine, a firm
decision was made last month to establish the
Indian Resource Center in Orono. The Resource
Center will share facilities, office personnel and
equipment with District IV of the Diocese of
Portland’s Human Relations Services in the
former Grammar School of St. Mary’s Parish.
Renovations are beginning on the first floor of
the well-preserved building and should be
completed by the end of May.
According to present plans, the large
classroom on the south-east comer of the
building will be divided into two offices with the
classroom on the south-west comer being
prepared as an all-purpose area with plans to
use it as a seminar room. This room will also
serve as an Indian Museum Library and arts and
crafts display center.
The Division of Indian Services has been
warmly welcomed by the pastor, Rev. John
Crozier, and by the Parish Council of St. Mary’s,
all of whom have generously given of their time
in working out financial and other
arrangements. In the name of the DIS Board of
Directors, Fr. Mahoney expresses appreciation
and gratitude.
�Page 6
Wabanaki Alliance
Latest CENA Word From Washington
The eleven-member Steering Com
mittee of the Coalition of Eastern
Native Americans met in Washington,
D.C. on March 23, 24, 1973 for its
second meeting since its inception at
the Eastern Indian Conference in
Washington, D.C. on December 7-9,
1972. Also present were representatives
of Native American Rights Fund (L.
Graeme Bell, III) and the Institute for
the Development of Indian Law (Kirke,
Kickingbird and Lynn Shelby). In
addition, John Stevens (Chairman,
Planning C om m ittee) and M ike
Crawford (Resource planner) and other
interested persons in the .area were
present.
The session opened w ith Mr.
Strickland bringing the Committee
up-to-date on activities since the last
Steering Committee meeting. These
activities consisted of meeting with
officials of the Office of Economic
Opportunity and Health, Education
and Welfare.
As well as the discussion of funding
possibilities with foundation program
people, Mr. Strickland announced that
funding had been received from the
Rockefeller Brothers Fund in the
amount of $5,000 and from the Clark
Foundation for $3,000, for a total of
$8,000 for the operation of C.E.N.A.
activities.
L. Graeme Bell, III, of the Native
American Rights Fund’s Washington
office, reported on the . progress of
Public Law 92-318, regarding $18
million for Indian education.
Another purpose of the meeting was
to finalize the incorporation of CENA.
Mr. Kirke Kickingbird announced that
incorporation papers were filed March
23, 1973 in Washington, D.C.
Mr. Dale Wing, Assistant Executive
Director, National Council Indian
O p p o rtu n ity , suggested, and the
Committee concurred, that the Revenue
Sharing Act be studied by attorneys to
Penobscot Y ouths W in O ld Town
YMCA Basketball Tournam ent
TOURNAMENT WINNERS — The Indian Island Basketball Team,
winners of the Old Town YMCA Tournament, included: Steve Hamilton,
Dave Almenas, Rick Love, Mike Paul, Ray Chavaree, Junior Pehrson,
Mark Mitchell and Burnell Mitchell.
The 7th and 8th grade boys repre
senting In d ian Islan d won the
basketball tournament sponsored by
the Old Town YMCA, held Wednesday,
April 11,1973.
The Indian Island team, lead by
Ricky Love, who was high scorer of the
year averaging about 22 points per
game, compiled a 10-3 record for the
season.
Entering the tournament seeded in
first place, the Indian Island team won
three games to clinch the double elim
ination championship, defeating Mil
ford 7th and 8th grade team in over
time by the score of 40-38.
Ricky Love led all scores for the
tournament averaging about 20 points
per game.
For their efforts, in addition to the
first place team trophy, each boy
received an individual trophy. Ricky
Love received an additional trophy for
being the highest scorer for the year in
the league.
Team members are: Ricky Love,
Wilfred Pehrson, Jr., Mark Mitchell,
Dave Almenas, Ray Chavaree, Michael
Paul, Steve Hamilton, Burnell Mitchell.
The YMCA is sponsoring a banquet
for the league winners to be held on
May 9, 1973 at the K of C Hall in Old
Town.
The Penobscot Tribe will honor the
team ’s efforts with a community
banquet. The date is to be announced
later.
work with CENA in developing strategy
for landless and rural and state reser
vations in their quest for a share of the
money that is going to be distributed to
local and state officials.
Trudy K. Hypes, Contract Officer,
International Association of Official
Human Rights Agencies, suggested,
and the Committee concurred, that the
Coalition be used as a clearinghouse to
work with IAOHRA in developing
strategy for all official human rights
agencies in discrimination in employ
ment practices in their relationships
with Eastern Native Americans. Mrs.
Helen Attaquin was chosen to represent
the Coalition at the planning meeting in
Albuquerque, New Mexico, on March
28-31,1973.
Mr. Andy Akins, Treasurer, Lucille
Dawson, Secretary, and Helen Attaquin
suggested and the Committee concur
red that the Coalition support the
formation of the Commission of Indian
Affairs in the State of Connecticut. The
above represented the Coalition at the
March 26, 1973 hearing at the State
Capitol Building in Hartford, Connec
ticut, at the request of the Indians of
the State of Connecticut.
The next meeting of the Board of
Directors will be in Buffalo, New York,
June 1, 2,1973.
For further information, please contact:
Mr. W. J. Strickland, President
Coalition of Eastern Native
Americans
927 15th Street, N.W., Suite 612
Washington, D.C. 20005
(202) 638-2287
Jesuit Attacks McGovern's
Stand On Custer Violence
[Ed. Note: The following is a letter to
Sen. George S. McGovern o f South
Dakota written by Fr. Richard G.
Pates, SJ., director o f the M other
Butler Center, Rapid City, S.D., and
formerly o f St. Francis mission on the
Rosebud Sioux reservation in South
Dakota where he had served fo r many
years.}
This is a letter concerning your recent
statements on the incidents at Custer,
S.D. It is distressing, to say the least, to
hear your comments suddenly become
so one-sided. It would be well for you to
let the white community of the Black
Hills area know that you don’t so much
deplore the violence of AIM last
Tuesday, Feb. 6, but rather deplore the
need for such violence. This need grows
out of violence. The need grows out of
the long-standing, insensitive attitude
of most of the non-Indian people in this
area with regard to the injustices done
to the Indian people.
Somehow, some way, the whites do
not consider their routine violations—
both individually and institutionally—
of Indian civil rights as violence or a
breach of good law and order. It’s true
that there is usually little blood or fire
connected with it, but it is a low-profile
type of violence that does its deadly,
violent work in producing untold
suffering, and agony—physical and
mental— on the Indian people, young
and old, good and bad.
Attempts to gain a hearing and
redress to mitigate this violence usually
W arren M itchell
New A ssistant
Mr. W arren Mitchell has been
selected by the DIS Board as the new
assistant to the Director of the Indian
Resource Center, Orono. He is a
Penobscot and lives at Peter Dana
Point. The screening of applicants was
held April 17 at the Newman Center in
Orono.
Mr. Mitchell comes to the DIS after a
distinguished career as Sergeant-Major
in the U.S. Air Force Military Police.
His military career spanned 22 years
and involved leadership training of
close to 1,000 Air Force personnel. He
will be a welcome and valuable addition
to our staff.
and routinely end in lots of
bureaucratic talk and paper shuffling,
but with no appreciable results. The
agony just silently goes on and on and
on.
B ut eventually violence begets
violence, and violence' on the Indian
side finally erupted at Custer. It may
still happen elsewhere if nothing is
done. As a responsible representative
of the U.S. government, it should be
your job to seek remedies and
alleviation for the violence on both
sides. You shduld try to eliihitiate the
need for any violence.
I really can’t understand your sudden
blindness in this matter. Indians have
pretty well given you their support.
They were one of the few groups who
supported you at the ballot box in
South Dakota in the recent presidential
election. They thought that your
campaign speeches showed an under
standing of how the violence of oppres
sion and injustice works. Violence to
the Indian people exists daily here in
your state of South Dakota. And it is
just as real in its results as were the
bombings of Hanoi.
Now when the Indians make a thrust
for justice in apparently the only way
left to them — returning evil for
evil—you show complete lack of
understanding and empathy. I never
found you that way before.
I ask you please to reconsider and see
if you cannot find a better way and
better words to show your impartial
concern for all the citizens of South
Dakota, and particularly for those who
share your former convictions for the
help needed by the oppressed of the
world. Could it now be th at you realize
Nixon was right?
Richard G. Pates, SJ.
P.S. And in case someone advises the
answer that you do have concern for the
Indian people, but not for AIM, hear
the quote of an elderly Indian woman
when she was asked the identity of
AIM. She said, “They are the Indians
who speak up for the Indians who can’t
speak up, or are afraid.” Many can’t
and won’t follow the way of AIM, but
their silent sympathy and hope is that
the way of AIM gets something done no
one else seems to have been able to do.
[This appeared in the A pril '73 issue o f
National Jesuit News].
�Wabanaki Alliance
Civil Rights For Indians
The following report was written by
Harriet Price, a member o f Maine's
Advisory Committee to the United
States Commission on Civil Rights, nnd
a loyal supporter and friend o f Maine's
Indian people:
“Fedeial and State Services and The
Maine Irdian” was the subject of an
investigaion of the Maine Advisory
Committee to the U.S. Commission on
Civil Rights. The t\vo day hearings vere
held in the Federal Courtroom in
Bangor, February 7-8,1973.
Harve} Johnson, chairman of the
Advisory Committee, led a panel lhat
questioned oyer 70 witnesses in 22
hours of sitting to hear testimony.
The people? questioned were repre
sentatives of Ffderal and State agencies
which should }iave a special relation
ship to Maine, Indians. The agencies
called to testify were in the areas of
liuuMiig, licdteli, education, law en
forcement, welfare, community ind
economic deve|opment.
Elected Indian leaders and represen
tatives of Indi^i agencies testified as to
their relationship to the Federal and
State agencie|7
T- ’- ‘'"evens,
Maine’s Department of Indian Affairs,
said he vouldjlike to see direct grants
given to the tnEes rather than serving as
a welfare a g e i^ .
A lan'
Passam aqucddy
governor of Indian Township, said lhat
with Federal cutbacks, unemployment
on his reservation would be almost 95
percent.
Matthew. Sappier, Penobscot gover
nor of Indian Islan d , told the
committee that the agencies should be
held accountable to the Indian com
munities, even before they plar a
program.
Passamaquoddy governor Eugene
Francis, Pleasant Point, described the
health problems, specifically citing the
new Lubec Family Health Clinic.
Terry Polchies, president of the
Association of Aroostook Indians, said
he thougit very little good would come
out of the hearings for the M ane
Indians.
Hon. Kenneth M. Curtis, Governor
of the State of Maine, spoke of his
concern for the State’s service of
off-reservation Indians. He felt the
Passamaquoddy and Penobscot tribes
should have “their day in court” in
regards to the Treaties.
R epresentatives o f th e M aine
Attorney General’s office, Indian Legal
Unit of Pine Tree Legal, and Associa
tion of AroostooK Indians spoke about
the legal obstacles to services for
Maine’s Indians.
Representatives o: the Bureau of
Indian Affairs (U.S. Dept, of Interior)
and the Indian Hedth Service (U.S.
Health, Education Sc Welfare) were
invited to the hearings but refused to
appear. Maine Indians are not served
by either of these agencies.
The Committee was concerned about
all the Federal cutbacks and how they
would affect Maine’s Indian commun
ity. It has therefore met with authorities
in Maine including the Governor,
Attorney General and two legislative
comnittees (Appropriations & Human
Resoirces). The Committee will send a
delegation to Washington, D.C. to talk
with the Congressional delegation and
Federal authorities.
A preliminary rppnrt will be released
shortly with findings and recommenda
tions. L ater a full report with
documentation will be released with
specific recom m endations :o the
agencies affected.
A staff report given at the hearings
said that health and unemployment
were the two greatest problerr.s con
fronting the Indians. Employment will
be the subject of another hearing by the
Main; Committee this year.
IN DEBT TO THE INDIANS
Half of all the names of this nation’s states are Indian
n origin. Here are some examples:
Alabama—Creek Indian word meaning “Here we rest.”
Arizona—Indian word meaning “Plac; of small springs.”
Arkansas—Quapaw Indian Tribe.
Connecticut—Indian word meaning beside or on the long river.
Dakota—Indian name for “ allies.”
Id ah o
Sh>sshon© Indian word E Dali Ho, m eaning “ Behold!
The sun coming down the mountain.”
Illinois—Irdian word “Illini” meaning “A great man.”
Iowa—Indian name meaning “ Sleepy waters.”
Kansas— Kaw Indian tribe meaning “Wind people.”
Kentucky—Indian name “ Kentake” neaning “ Prairie.”
Massachusetts—Indian word meaning “ Great Hills.”
Michigan—Indian name for “ Great Like.”
Minnesota—Indian name meaning “ Goud-tinted waters.”
Mississippi—Indian words meaning “ Treat river.”
Missouri—Missouri tribe meaning “Town of the large canoes.”
Nebraska—Otoe Indian name meaning “Fat water.”
Ohio—Indian name for “ Beautiful river.”
Oklahoma—Choctaw Indian word meaning “ Red people.”
Texas— Indian word “Tejas” meaning “ Friends or Allies.”
Wisconsin—Indian name meaning “Meeting of the rivers.”
NATIVE ART
Page 7
�
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
<em>Wabanaki Alliance</em> (May 1973)
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Indian Resource Center
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1973-05
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Donald Soctomah
Julia Brush
Language
A language of the resource
English
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Document
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
pdf
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
DV-414
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Passamaquoddy Cultural Museum
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Steve Cartwright. Used with permission.
-
https://www.dawnlandvoices.org/collections/files/original/fab1aaa0b6b36bd620a11f9019a51737.pdf
ffb699cdd08664ed6948dcc343c941fe
PDF Text
Text
Non-profit org.
U.S. Postage
Paid 2.1s
Orono, Maine
Permit No. 15
Wabanaki
A llian ce
May 1978
State, land owners
near accord on claims
ORONO — A series o f secret meetings
between lawyers and other representatives in
the Indian land claims case have resulted in
a mutual agreement to discuss settling the
suit out o f court. Wabanaki Alliance has
learned.
The joint White House and Indian dead
line for the state and 14 private landowners
to respond to a negotiated proposal is May
1 . The key to agreement seems to be more
0
federal dollars.
Indians, state officials and timberland
firms have indicated their willingness to
consider the current White House settle
ment offer, if more federal compensation is
involved. The state and 14 large landowners
are expected to approve the negotiated
proposal, provided landowners receive more
money in exchange for turning over 300.000
acres to the Penobscot and Passamaquoddy
tribes.
Thomas N. Tureen, lawyer for the tribes,
met recently with Gov. James B. Longley
mrt1
n'fwtFvrnrcrrnegotiate! se^m en T SF ^aim s xAiwu-iinTiK
-an.es Nepftme, 26, a Penobscot from Indian Island cre» foreman in-a new ,onth c o ^ e r
-ation job program called YACC, decorated his own helmet For
,p
Y A“
UIndian Island and Indian Township, see story on ins.de pages. [Cartwnght P
1
Equal rights group called racist
Love described ICERR as "an organiza
INDIAN ISLAND — A Penobscot tribal
tion whose primary function is to destroy the
official says a group that may form a
very existence o f tribal government and
chapter in Maine is “fundamentally a racist
Indian nations.”
organization.”
Timothy Love, who directs a community
action program for the tribe, said the Inter
state Congress for Equal Rights and Re
sponsibilities (ICERR) is "an insult to the
intelligence of the people o f Maine.
AUGUSTA — Terry Polchies, 35, a
His comments came on the heels o f an
Maliseet Indian, was fired recently from his
nouncement by a Millinocket paperworkers
job as Houlton area program coordinator
union official that he wanted to set up a for the state Department o f Indian Affairs.
local chapter o f the national ICERR. Union
Polchies said he is now working for the
official Thurman Millett was quoted by UPI
Association o f Aroostook Indians, assisting
as saying. “I plan to send out a mailing to
in a reorganization effort. Polchies de
some areas of the state that would be inter
parture from Indian Affairs leaves the
ested in setting up a Maine group of people
department with no other Indian employees.
that are very concerned as citizens o f this
Rhynard said he would advertise the job
state on the Indian land claims proposal.’
opening.
Millett said 1V _ L . lv is not anti-Indian.
SaiU ICERR to
o u u »• *• * —
* —
Maliseet fired from
Indian Affairs job
o f the state. It was the first_ such formal
session since a court suit was filed on behalf
o f the tribes six years ago. The proposed
resolution o f the suit would give Indians
500,000 acres and $25 million, a traction of
the original suit claiming title to 12.5 million
acres, plus $25 billion in damages.
Tureen commented afterward that Longley “is playing a constructive role.”
Asked about obtaining additional federal
funds to pay timberland companies more
than the proposal’s $5 per acre. Tureen
said: “That would be easy to fix.’ He
suggested the 14 firms — singled out by the
settlement plan as owning more than 50,000
acres _ could be paid market value
($112.50 per acre) for their and, using $30
million in additional federal funds.
Depty Atty. Gen. John Patterson com
mented, "The federal government should
pick up the entire tab . . - land ought to
come from willing sellers at fair market
value.”
rtc
“It may be that the President s idea of $5
an acre was an opener,” Tureen said,
adding, “The central parties (including
lawyers for the timberland firms) are
beginning to deal with us seriously.
State officials and laywers for landowners
have recently argued that the federal
government bears all responsibility for any
financial settlement o f the claims.
Under the proposed settlement, the state
would continue its $1.7 million annual
support payment to the tribes for 15 years,
after which time it would owe nothing. The
14 firms stand to lose varying amounts of
land ranging from 1,500 acres to 100,000
acres, depending on a company's holdings.
(t'onlimied on back page)
State skipped
claims appeal
BANGOR — Why didn’ the state
t
appeal a federal district court judge's
ruling that Penobscot and Passamaqj d yI r .i ci i H r l r ^—^ - j — i o d ni- r
l n T nnb t l
-J
-
Gignoux in 1975 - a crucial turning
point in the Maine Indian land claims
case _ W appealed by the federal gov
as
ernment, but the appeal lost.
But the state of Maine could have
sought to vacate the judgment as late as
last year, according to Eliot R. Cutler, a
U.S. Office o f Management and Budget
official and member o f a three-man
Presidential claims task force. The state
did nothing, he said.
Nobody seems to know why.
After a first appeal lost in U.S. Court
o f Appeals, "neither the state nor the
U.S. government appealed,” said Tho
mas N. Tureen, lawyer for the Penobscot
and Passamaquoddy tribes. “That was
(Maine Atty. Gen.) Joe Brennan’ per
s
sonal decision, and why he didnt
(appeal) is a secret locked in his heart
Tureen said.
Indian spokesmen have said that
without Gignoux’ ruling, the claims suit
s
would have gone nowhere. The decision
established the federal government as
trustee for the tribes and therefore re
sponsible for pursuing the Indians’
case.
Parent challenges legality of religion in schools
_
.
Brennan wrote Neptune, “ Based on the
INDIAN ISLAND — A Penobscot Indian
facts you have provided, I believe the United
parent whose son attends the reservation
States Supreme Court rulings which ban
elementary school has objected to the
religious instruction in the public schools
teaching of Catholic religion in the classwould apply to the Indian Island school.
room. He says it’ illegal.
s
The Indian Island school is a public school
Martin S. Neptune, parent and chairman
financed by the state o f Maine.”
of a school evaluation committee, backs up
Maine Indian Education Supt. Edward
his objection with a legal opinion from the
DiCenso disputes Neptune’ claim.. Con
s
state attorney general’s office. That opinion,
tacted at his Calais office, DiCenso said,
in a letter signed by Atty. Gen. Joseph E.
•‘
The official school starting time is after the
Brennan, says U.S. Supreme Court rulings
religious session, as I understand it.
ban religious instruction in public schools.
Neptune said his son, and several other
Further, he said, the religion class is held
non-Catholic pupils at the school, must
“by agreement with the school committee.
leave the classroom and go to the gym, or
DiCenso said Maine’s three Indian
elsewhere, to avoid a daily 30-minute
reservation schools each employ three nuns
religious class taught by one o f the nuns
. belong to the Catholic Sisters o f Mercy.
Cist-rs o f Mercy.
who ,
A nun serves as principal at each school. In
past years, nuns held all staff positions at
the schools.
Maine Indians, predominantly Catholic,
have apparently never before challenged the
legality o f religion in the reservation public
schools.
Irene Pardilla, chairman of the Indian
Island school board, said Sisters o f Mercy
have worked in reservation schools tor 1 U
U
years, and most Indian people want it that
way. She said a recent survey, begun prior to
Neptune’s complaint, showed 90 per cent of
the people believe Catholic involvement in
the schools "is a tradition; we've always had
them.”
The survey was undertaken at
The survey was undertaken at Indian
Island, Indian Township and Pleasant Point
reservations, Pardilla said. As o f press time,
the school board had met with the
Penobscot tribal council to discuss the
Neptune complaint, and were planning a
special board meeting on the subject.
DiCenso said the religion class was no
different from a group that might decide to
play basketball before the official start of
the school day, with approval from the
school committee.
However, Brennan’ opinion states that
s
the religious instruction at Indian Island
school, “in a specific faith in a school class
room,” appears to violate the First Amend
ment of the U.S. Constitution.
�Page 2
Wabanaki Alliance May 1978
editorials
Trucks that go on water
A bureaucratic beast has moved onto the Indian reservations o f
Maine.
Called the Bureau o f Indian Affairs (BIA), it has the role o f
distributing federal dollars to the Penobscot and Passamaquoddy
Indians under the tribes’ newly-won federal trustee status.
Here is a classic BIA boondoggle: Richard Hamilton, director o f
the just-organized Young Adult Conservation Corps at Indian
Island, was told he would receive ten trucks under BIA contract.
“D o they go on water,” Hamilton asked the BIA official.
What Hamilton meant is that the Penobscot reservation, as its
name implies, is on an island. And the rest o f the islands upstream
belong to the Penobscots, too. “We need boats, not trucks,”
Hamilton said.
But true to bureaucratic form, Indian Island was issued trucks
anyway. Hamilton said he may remove seats (the trucks are vans,
actually) and use the vehicles for hauling wood. “ W e’ do something
ll
with them,” he said, explaining that he figured he might as well
accept the vans since BIA had already budgeted trucks for the
Penobscots.
The BIA monies will mean several hundred thousand dollars for
each reservation, and that, o f course, is good news. But does the
money come with strings attached? W ho decides how the money will
be spent, BIA or the Indians?
The BIA is apparently trying to sound “relevant” and up-to-date
on Indian rights and concerns, and has spread a great deal o f
rhetoric about self-determination. In fact, tribes now “contract” for
services through BIA.
But if BIA is really interested in Indian self-determination, its first
step should be to abolish itself. O f course, this might create other
problems for Indians, who would still need services from somewhere.
Still, we think the Bureau(cracy) o f Indian Affairs bears scrutiny,
1 understand just what effect it will have on two Maine Indian
0
tribes. Just pouring money into reservations is no assurance o f
progress, or a good life for individuals and the community.
Making peace
The peace pipe has been passed to Gov. James B. Longley and
Atty. Gen. Joseph E. Brennan; a few puffs and the Penobscot-Passamaquoddy land claims case will be resolved.
These two officials have repeatedly denounced the claims as
having no merit. Longley and Brennan have ranted and raved so
much as to seem racist in their anti-Indian attitudes. But the tide has
turned.
The flood o f criticism from Augusta has stopped. Longley is no
longer saying the White House out-of-court settlement offer sounds
like “something out o f Russia or Red China.” Brennan is no longer
calling for a “moral statute o f limitations” to wipe out Indians’rights
to seek redress o f past wrongdoing.
Brennan is now saying the federal government must com e to the
rescue by bankrolling any negotiated settlement o f the claims. But in
the overall picture o f the Indian suit, these are details. What is
significant is that the state is no longer calling for litigation.
A wave o f racism has swept the state, and leaders must not yield to
pressures from people who “wish the problem would just go away,”
as Great Northern Paper C o.’ president put it. T oo long, people
s
have wanted Indians to “go away.” In the past there have been actual
policies o f extermination.
Probably if all Maine people could take a crash history course, we
would be better able to judge the Indian land claims for ourselves.
W e’ had an earful o f rhetoric from Longley, lawyer Thomas N.
ve
Tureen for the tribes, Eliot R. Cutler for the White House nego
tiating team, a retired Georgia ju dge whose settlement offer was
rejected, and even from President Carter himself.
Throughout this spectacle o f oratory, one thing has remained
clear: the Indians’ claims are no more out-of-date or frivolous than
Indian people themselves, who have somehow survived years o f
oppression.
This is not an easy time for Longley, Brennan, the Legislature or
even Congress, faced with increasingly assertive Indians across the
nation. But the proposed out-of-court settlement will persecute noone, and will preclude years o f litigation that wouldn’ guarantee a
t
satisfactory resolution anyway.
Perhaps these Indian land claims are really a test: Does Maine —
its people and its leaders — have the guts to rise to the challenge o f a
just, humanitarian settlement?
Although as a lawyer Tureen likes to say the case is strictly legal, it
is clearly a moral challenge. If our Constitution and justice system
are not based on moral principles, God help us.
And God help us, if the Indian people are cheated again.
The letters policy
“Vans that don't float” parked at the Indian Island commontiy building. (O’Neal Photo)
Quotable
“What we need are less Indian experts and m ore expert Indians.”
— Dr. Eunice Baumann-Nelson, Penobscot
We received a letter the other day from “residents o f Indian
Township," that made a number o f serious allegations.
First, let us say we welcome controversy, opinion and comment;
and we want to uphold freedom o f the press. But this letter was
neither signed nor free o f libelous statement.
The author — we think we know who he is — says that a certain
person is “a chronic alcoholic.” The writer makes many more
statements about this person, some o f which could safely be printed.
The problem is, to say someone is an alcoholic, one would have to
be able to prove it, and also prove that his being alcoholic is somehow
relevant.
It goes without saying that anyone making such serious allegations
should be willing to attach his or her name to the statements.
A further objection is that the letter we received starts “We, the
people o f Indian Township are really upset, disturbed and
infuriated.” Perhaps this is so, but the author o f the letter provides
no evidence that anyone besides him self is upset.
We find only one sentence in the letter that does not seem to invite
a lawsuit by another party. That sentence says, “The residents o f
Indian Township are looking for peace, and (must) work together,
heal the wounds, and get on with the business o f creating a good life
for all its members.” Amen.
�Wabanaki Alliance May 1978
letters
Things of interest
Indian Township
To the editor:
Please add my name to your current
mailing list. I have seen your newspaper at a
friend’s house and am very eager to get a
copy o f my own.
I read your newspaper through and
through and must say that I enjoyed it very
much since you have just about everything
of interest in it.
Melvina Newell
Indian author query
Berkeley. CA.
To the editor:
I am a Hopi Indian graduate student at
the University o f California in Berkeley. At
this time I am compiling a multi-genre bib
liography of works by American Indian
authors that is intended for eventual pub
lication. In addition to being a student. I am
also a professional writer and am. thus,
approaching this important topic from
several angles.
If your publication, staff, tribe, or com
munity organization has a publishing pro
gram, information regarding such a pub
lishing program in your vicinity, or is in
touch with Indian authors, it would be
greatly appreciated if you could send me
some information. If there is a charge for
your services, please advise me o f the
amount before supplying the service and I
will look into payment possibilities.
In the publication of this bibliography, all
organizations and publications that have
directly contributed to its compilation will
be acknowledged (although I already intend
to list Indian publications as an appendix
whether or not they send anything).
G o forw a rd
Construction job s
Augusta
To the editor:
Recently, I was informed that your news
paper is distributed to most Indians
throughout the state. Since you have such a
lengthy mailing list, I would like to know if
you have a listing o f Indians in the southern
Maine area (south o f Augusta) who might be
looking for work in the construction fields.
AGC has a contract with the Maine De
partment o f Transportation and the Federal
Highway Administration to provide suppor
tive services for training positions on
highway and bridge projects, and we are
also involved in apprenticeships tor the
building trades. On many o f these contracts,
the training positions are geared toward
minorities and women, and since we do not
have a referral source in southern Maine for
the Indians in this area. 1 am wondering it
you might be o f some assistance. We cannot
guarantee anyone a job. but if positions
become available and if we are in possession
o f names or at least a referral source, we
might be able to provide employment for
someone.
I would appreciate any help that you can
give me.
Thank you for your time.
Chuck Garon
Southern Maine Field Representative
Associated General Contractors ot
Maine
‘
Our land is more valuable than your
money. It will last forever. It will not even
perish by the flames o f fire. As long as
the sun shines and the waters flow, this
land will be here to give life to man and
animals. We cannot sell the lives o f men
and animals; therefore we cannot sell
this land. It was put here for us by the
Great Spirit and we cannot sell it because
it does not belong to us. You can count
your money and burn it within the nod of
a buffalo’s head, but only the Great
Spirit can count the grains o f sand and
the blades o f grass o f these plains. As a
present to you. we will give you anything
we have that you can take with you; but
the land, never.”
Blackfeet Chief. Recorded in a
19th Century Treaty Council
W ants retraction
New York
To the editor:
Again I find myself in the embarassing
position of having to ask you to make a
retraction. In the last sentence o f the next to
the last paragraph ot your article on me in
the March issue you say “Colcord doesn t
Wendy Rose
know what tribe either grandparent belong
Department of Anthropology
ed to, but he believes it was Penobscot or
University of California
Passamaquoddy.”
Berkeley, California 94720
The word “either” should have read
“this.” I know very well what tribe my
grandfather belonged to. He was the son ot
A correction
Senecatch, my great-grandmother, who was
a full-blooded Penobscot, according to the
Houlton
testimony o f my cousin, who knew her.
Although my cousin was only five or six
To the editor:
Yesterday a package of literature was
years old at the time my great-grandmother
brought to me from New Vineyard, Maine
died, she knew her well enough to tell me
and among the papers was the Wabanaki
that “ she (Senecatch) was feared by the
adults, but loved by the children.” Which
Alliance.
There I found something that should be
gives you an idea o f the kind ot woman she
corrected. On page 5 is a picture of Wallace
must have been.
Lewey and George Stevens. Under the
Senecatch must have been born around
1820 (the year that Maine came into the
picture is the error.
I took that photo back in the 1930’ at
s
Union) and there is no birth record extant
Peter Dana Point right on the shore o f Big
that I have been able to locate. There may
Lake. I posed the two men, and that head
have been a baptismal record, but. it so, that
dress, spear and deer-hide shield that
was probably destroyed in the fire that
George has, was made by this writer.
burned the Parish House in the early 20’s.
If you contact Roger Gabriel he will tell
The first record I have o f her is in my
you where you can see the spear and many
grandfather’ birth certificate where she is
s
other things I gave to the Penobscot Tribe
listed as: “ Mother, Senecatch Pettigrew,
Clinton, Maine.” The father is listed as:
for their museum.
Maurice A. Richards Thomas Colcord, Fairfield, Maine.” O b
viously, there are no Pettigrews on Indian
p.S. I want to tell you I took a photo of Island, and never have been as far as I
Mrs. George Stevens in costume with that know. I think it is quite reasonable to
same spear and she was in the bow o f the assume that she left the Island and was
canoe so I got a perfect reflection as though working for some white family when she met
she was spearing fish. It’ the only photo my great-grandfather, and that she simply
s
used their name when she married him.
John Stevens has o f his mother.
On the other hand, it is my grandmother
whose Indian ancestry I do not know.
Although she told my cousin on many
occasions: “My father was half Indian,’’ she
never gave any further details.
In closing I can only add that that line I
object to is contradicted by all that went
before it in the article and tends to leave
anyone who has read the article confused, to
say the least. Therefore I ask that you
publish some correction.
SUBSCRIBE TO
WABANAKI
ALLIANCE
Worth m o r e
than m o n e y
Ashland, Ky.
To the editor:
A kind hearted soul sent me a copy of
your March, 1978 issue and I was delighted
with the variety o f articles and information
published therein. Especially interesting,
was the article on Charley Colcord who is my
brother in the NAMI organization o f which
I am president. Lacking the staff and exper
tise of a paper such as yours, we tend to drag
our feet with our newsletter, but we shall
persevere. Congratulations upon doing such
a good paper after only eight issues.
I hope that you will continue to go
forward with the balance exhibited in your
March issue. There is no limit to suitable
material and there should be no lack of
reader interest.
I enclose a contribution and trust that you
will add my name as one of your subscribers
for the next twelve months.
Walter E. Whitt. President
The National Association o f Metis
Indians
Page 3
Charley Colcord, Penobscot Metis
CHIEF POOLAW’ old teepee-style trading post at Indian Island is being renovated y
s
Irene and George Pardilla as an Indian craft store, specializing in baskets, jewelry and
Navajo rugs. No opening date has been set yet. Above, George and son Jason spread gravel.
The building was erected in the I950’s by Bruce Poolaw, now living in Oklahoma. His wife,
the late Lucy Poolaw, sang in the Metropolitan Opera Company of New York.
Vol. 2, No 5
Wabanaki Alliance
May 1978
Published monthly b, the Division of Indian Services |DIS| at the Indian Resource Center,
95 Main St., Orono, Me. 04473.
Steven Cartwright, Editor
William O ’
Neal, Ass’t. Editor
DIS Board of Directors
Jean Chavaree (chairman|
John Bailey, Public Safety Coordinator
Albert Dana
Timothy Love, CAP director
Jeannette Neptune, Youth Commissioner
Erlene Paul, Central Maine Indian Assn.
Roy Paul, Assn, of Aroostook Indians
Maynard Polchies, preside:?* Aroostook Indians
Michael Ranco
Indian Island
Pleasant Point
Indian Township
Indian Island
Indian Township
Indian Island
Houlton
Houlton
DIS is an agency uf Diocesan Human Relations Services, Inc. of Maine. SubscripHons to
This newspaper are available b, writing to Wabanaki A.liance, 95 Main St Oronn Me.
04473. Diocesan Human Relations Services and DIS are a non-profit corporaUon. Contr,butions are deductible for income tax purposes.
�Page 4
Waban&ki Alliance May 1978
BIA completes contracts with tribes
WASHINGTON — Pleasant Point and
Indian Island reservations have completed
contract negotiations with Bureau o f Indian
Affairs for this year’ allocation of BIA
s
money, and Indian Township’ contract was
s
nearly finished at press time. BIA alloca
tions to the three reservations total 5900,000
for this year.
Under the Indian Self-determination and
Educational Assistance Act, tribes have the
option o f either letting BIA administer
programs, or of contracting with BIA to
handle everything themselves. All three
reservations chose the latter option. Micmacs and Maliseets, because they are not
federally recognized, are not eligible for the
BIA funds.
Ray Butler, BIA head of social services,
said the allocations comprise three group
ings and vary in amount according to popu
lation. There are five programs in the first
category. The first o f these is agricultural
extension services. Pleasant Point is to
receive $10,575 for aquaculture, and Indian
Island is to get $12,999 for developing
garden plots particularly for young people
and raising chickens and rabbits com
mercially. Indian Township tribal Gov. John
Stevens said the community will receive
$6,429 to conduct a 30 day soil survey and
develop a map depicting soil type and use on
the reservation.
A second program funded for the reserva
tions will be job development and vocational
training (see related story in this news
paper). A total of $88,805 is set for Pleasant
Point, and $109,191 is budgeted for Indian
Island. Indian Township will receive $54,004.
Stevens said the program at the Township
will attempt to find jobs for women.
and Indian Island to get $22,980. Butler
said Pleasant Point funds will be used
primarily for developing recreation areas
such as parks, trails and picnic tables. The
Indian Island funds, including those re
ceived in the transfer, will be used to finance
a warden service.
Funds set for housing will be used mainly
The second category of BIA funding
for repairs and maintenance, rather than Butler called “gratuitous services.” These
new construction. Pleasant Point will receive involve educational funds and will be
$21,144; Indian Island, $25,998; and Indian administered by the state Indian scholarship
Township, $12,858.
committee.
Educational development funds totalling
Since Peasant Point and Indian Township $28,000 will be available to pay travel
share ownership o f timberland, they have expenses to BIA schools such as Haskell
received a single allotment o f $20,573. It will Junior College, Institute o f Indian Arts, and
be spent conducting forestry inventories, Southwest Polytechnical School.
such as counting board feet o f trees the tribe
Butler said $97,000 is available for higher
owns and working out forest management education scholarships. Additionally, he
said, $57,000 has been allocated to each
programs to ensure a sustained yield.
Indian Island has been allocated $41,597. tribe for reservation schools.
The final category o f money available is
Butler said he believed an agreement has
been reached between the Penobscots, called “trust services.”
“Whether the tribes elect to use these
whose woodlands are small, and the
monies is totally incumbent on the land
Passamaquoddies, who have larger hold
s
ings. Stevens confirmed the two tribes have settlement issue. The day that’ settled, we
worked out an exchange involving $10,000 go into business,” Butler said. The specific
dollars. The Penobscots will transfer that terms have “yet to be defined,” but $9^,000
sum o f money from their forestry funds to is available for “Indian rights protection
money.” This could be spent on items such
the Passamaquoddies, who in turn will
reimburse them from their wildlife and as boundary surveys, resource protection,
parks funds.
and water and mineral studies, Butler said.
He indicated that $174,000 would be avail
Before the exchange, wildlife and parks
funds set for Pleasant Point totaled $17,972, able for “real estate services” such as title
with Indian Township to receive $10,930;
searches and handling leases.
Federal sterilization rules proposed
(Reprinted from NIHB newsletter)
DENVER, Colo. — Indian sterilization
counselors versed in a patient’ native
s
language and sensitive to her culture can
probably do more to alleviate the possibility
of sterilization abuse than any section of
proposed restrictions to govern sterilizations
funded by the Department o f Health,
Education and Welfare (DHEW). according
to the National Indian Health Board.
In line with a resolution passed at the
Second National Indian / Alaska Native
Health Conference, in its comments on the
proposed restrictions. NIHB suggested that
IHS be required to provide such persons to
discuss with a patient the importance o f the
medical procedure and alternatives avail
able.
The proposed restrictions are far more
comprehensive than those which have
covered DHEW funded sterilizations in the
past. Regional hearings around the country
have fielded generally favorable reactions.
In its official comments submitted to the
Public Health Service March 10, NIHB also
found itself in general agreement with the
proposed restrictions. Two of the major
changes posed are a 30-day mandatory
waiting period and the rule that no steriliza
tions be performed on anyone under age 21.
NIHB expressed its support o f both
provisions. The 30 day waiting period
between the giving o f consent and the actual
operation will provide time for a patient to
consider the benefits and drawbacks of
permanent sterilization and to discuss these
matters with family and friends, the board
maintained.
Another proposed rule, especially pertin
ent to the Indian population is that which
requires consent forms to be in the primary
language o f the patient or for an interpreter
to be provided. In response, NIHB advised
that the rules address the fact that most
Native American languages are not written.
It suggested that a provision be added
requiring that an interpreter be present to
translate the consent form as well as the oral
presentation of the information given in
preparation for obtaining informed consent,
to all Indians and Alaska Natives who do
not speak fluent English.
Other sections o f the proposed rules
address questions o f sterilization o f mentally
incompetent persons and enforcement of the
new regulations once adopted.
Included in its puplication o f the pro
posed rules, DHEW admitted its awareness
of the serious allegations o f cases in which
patients were coerced into being sterilized.
“These allegations are of such a serious
nature and raise such grave concerns that it
is the Board’ position that the prevention of
s
possible sterilization abuse must receive
highest priority,” indicated NIHB in preface
to its comments.
Such problems and others associated with
sterilization procedures performed by or
contracted by IHS were discussed at the
Second National Indian / Alaska Native
Health Conference. At that time many tribes
indicated that they are considering or about
to consider these issues. Therefore, NIHB in
its comments, asked to reserve the right to
develop a separate set o f regulations in con
junction with IHS dealing with the unique
needs o f Indians and Alaska Natives, if
doing so is deemed appropriate in the
future. The comment period on the pro
posed regulations ended March 1 The
3.
rules are now being reviewed and revised in
light of those comments received.
Summer camp has
slots for Indians
TENANTS HARBOR — Blueberry Cove,
a small summer camp for children in this
Penobscot Bay community, has a few free
openings for Indian children.
Tuition for room and board at the four
and eight week sessions will be paid entirely
by scholarship funds, according to camp
director Carl Smith.
Blueberry Cove is a respected, well-estab
lished interracial camp that emphasizes
individual growth in a warm, loving envi
ronment.
Experiences include swimming, sailing,
riding, crafts; island, lake and mountain
trips, care and feeding of animals, sports
and plenty of home-cooked meals.
Director Carl Smith said he would be
happy to visit with any Indian parents in
terested in the program. He can provide a
slide show, brochures, and answer any
questions.
For further information call or write Carl
Smith, Blueberry Cove, Tenants Harbor,
Maine 04860. Telephone 372-6353.
Workers erect a swingset for the new Indian Island playground. Funded by a $30,000 HUD
grant, the playground will feature a ballfield and eventually a swimming pool and is
expected to be completed around the Fourth of July. Pictured left to right are Rodney
Francis, Douglas Francis, Joseph Lolar, and Martin Francis. [Cartwright Photo]
Brother Larry Smith
Brother Smith
to he a deacon
PLEASANT POINT — Brother Lawrence
C. Smith, S.J. will be ordained a permanent
deacon at 1 a.m.. May 25, at St. Ann’
1
s
Indian Mission here. Performing ordination
rites will be Bishop Edward C. O ’
Leary of
the Roman Catholic Diocese of Portland.
The 34-year-old Brocton, Mass, native
was the first graduate o f Cardinal Spellman
High School in Brockton. He entered the
New England Province o f the Society of
Jesus in 1962, taking his first vows as a
Jesuit Brother in 1965. Smith held various
posts at both Fairfield University, and at
Holy Cross College, before continuing his
own studies. He attended Quinsigamond
Community College in Worcester, and
Boston University, graduating in 1972 with
an AB degree in Art History.
After graduation Smith was appointed
temporary administrator o f the Jesuit
Novitiate in Boston’ Back Bay, and served
s
as staff photographer for the Jesuit news
paper, S.J. News. From 1973 to 1976 he was
assistant chaplain at St. Ann’ Indian Mis
s
sion, Pleasant Point. He left the reservation
in 1976 to begin studies for the newly
restored Permanent Diaconate.
While maintaining close contacts with the
Indian Mission and Indian People, Smith
studied theology at the Jesuit Weston School
of Theology, Cambridge, Mass. He also
studied at Episcopal Divinity School and
Harvard Divinity School, taking summer
courses at Boston University. He took his
final vows as a Jesuit Brother in October
1977, in the Weston school chapel. He will
return to the Indian reservation in June to
continue work he began five years ago.
Longest Walk
conference set
INDIAN ISLAND — A Sapiel, a Penob
1
scot, has announced a “Longest Walk”
press conference will be held May 13, at
noon, at the State House, Augusta.
The Longest Walk is a cross-country
protest march by Indians to call attention to
bills presently in Congress which concern
Indian rights and claims (see related stories
in this newspaper).
Sapiel said Indian people are urged to
attend. Details o f participation o f Maine
tribes in the Longest Walk will be worked
out. Sapiel said a group plans to meet the
walkers in Philadelphia and march with
them to Washington, D.C., for a scheduled
Fourth o f July rally.
Sapiel said there will be a question and
answer period as well as a speech by Vernon
Bellecourt, an advance man for the Longest
Walk.
For further information write to:
Alwin Sapiel
P.O. Box 172
Old Town, Maine 04468
or call:
(207) 1-827-7776
(207) 1-827-5012
�W abanaki Alliance May 1978
PageS
Indians healthier before white man
By Charles E. Colcold
Among Native Americans, the sophistry
The ancestors o f present day Native and the performance o f healing were
Americans lived in what may well have been religious, while the knowledge applied in
one of the healthiest environments in the these processes was scientific. And yet,
entire world. Early white travellers to where the action of the herbs, if not other
America remarked upon the purity o f its air, substances, was mechanical or chemical,
its waters and its soil, and this came long there was always the dependence upon the
after the destruction of the ecology by the spiritual power o f the healer with the deep
whites was well under way. Early writers tell emotions o f the mind from which the Native
o f the abundance o f fruits and game, of American is never free. Still, there was a
flights of carrier pigeons which darkened certain element o f hard-headed and nonthe sky for hours, and o f endless herds of magical experimentation blended together
in the development o f these herbal cures.
buffalo which roamed the western plains.
Early writers also remarked on the The observation of repeated success with
healthy and serene life style which the some remedies, and failure with others had
Native Americans enjoyed. Columbus him not escaped the attention o f the Native
self spoke o f it: "As soon however as they see American doctor. And the efficacy o f their
that they are safe, and have laid aside all method is attested to by the fact that there
fear, they are very simple and honest, and was much borrowing, as it is called, on the
exceedingly liberal with all they have; none part o f colonial whites from the Native
o f them refusing anything he may possess Americans.
when he is asked for it, but on the contrary
Failure to obey the laws o f nature was the
inviting us to ask them. They exhibit great reason most frequently cited by Wi-tapalove towards all others in preference to noxwe, famous medicine man o f the Lenni
themselves; they also give objects o f great Lenape. He said:
value for trifles, and content themselves with
“In ancient times there was but little
little or nothing in return.”
sickness among the Indians. The Deleware
And from John Lawson: “They are very were greatly blessed because we always kept
kind and charitable to one another, but up our ceremonies and observed the rules of
more especially to those o f their own Nation; right living. The Indian was healthy because
for if any one o f them has suffered any loss he ate only clean, pure food and lived close
by fire, or otherwise, they order the grieved to nature. Then came the new people with
person to make a feast and invite them all their strange ways and food, and dreadful
thereto, which, on the day appointed, they diseases.”
come to, and after every man’s mess of
It should be emphasized here that,
victuals is dealt to him, one o f their according to Native American belief, the
speakers, or grave old men, makes an practitioners are the media through which
harangue, and acquaints the company, . . . the Creator sends his healing power to
After this oration is over, every man, ac
alleviate distress caused by the physical and
cording to his quality, throws him down mental ills which attack the frail bodies of
upon the ground some present . . . and mankind. Absolute faith in the unfailing
which very often amounts to treble the loss power and benevolence o f the Creator which
he has suffered. The same assistance they inspired both patient and practitioner, was
give to any man that wants to build a cabin the power which brought about the cure.
or make a canoe. They say it is our duty thus Believing that plants and animals in general
to do; for there are several works that one are closely related to mankind and that the
man cannot effect, therefore we must give Creator had endowed them individually with
him our help, otherwise our society will fall, spiritual natures equally as sensitive as our
and we shall be deprived o f those urgent own, the Native American herbalist was
necessities which life requires. They have no always careful to perform the proper rites
fence to part one another’ lots in their corn
s
before gathering a plant or removing part of
fields, but every man knows his own, and it an animal for use in making medicine.
scarce ever happens that they rob one
For many years ethnic arrogance prevent
another of so much as an ear o f corn,... It ed serious attention to the medical know
often happends that a woman is destitute of ledge o f native Americans. The whites shrank
her husband, and has a great many children from the idea that the "uncivilized savages”
to maintain; such a person they always help, might have something to teach them.
and make their young men plant, reap, and
Sometimes, however, they were forced to
do everything that she is not capable of acquire this knowledge. Jacques Cartier in
doing herself; yet they do not allow any one the bitter winter o f 1535-36 had his three
to be idle, but to employ themselves in some ships frozen into the ice in the St. Lawrence
work or other.”
River below present day Montreal. Forced to
Not only was their environment healthy subsist on ship’ fare, the men soon came
s
and clean, their lifestyle peaceful and full of down with scurvy and by mid-March, 25
plenty, but they were free from most men had died o f it, and all hope was
contagious diseases known to the white abandoned for all but three or four o f the
man. But, many tribes were decimated by rest. A Native American chief, Domagaia,
white-introduced contagion before the first took pity on the men and had his followers
literate white man with pen in hand had gather branches o f the spruce tree and boil
come among them. Such, for example, was the bark and make a decoction which they
the fate of the coastal tribes of Massachus
gave the Frenchmen to drink and they soon
e tts who were swept away by smallpox four recovered. These Native Americans had
years before the Pilgrims landed. This never heard of Vitamin C, but they had
disease is believed to have been introduced discovered it.
by white seamen who abandoned their ship
“Only after the course o f centuries did
mates ill with smallpox by putting them some o f the Indian discoveries attract the
ashore to die. Native Americans discovered attention o f ‘
scientific medicine.’ Much was
them and endeavored to aid them, with found to be worthless, but an astonishing
tragic results. It is interesting to note the number o f Jndian drugs and treatments
response o f the whites to this epidemic. It is were found to be o f enormous value. Even in
a classic example o f white callousness and comparatively recent times, Indian discov
hyprocricy. John Elliot, known by the title of eries have helped to open new frontiers in
“Apostle to the Indians,” regarded the medical history. Peruvian Indians knew the
pestilences brought by the colonists as a narcotic effect o f cocoa leaves for hundreds
special manisfestation o f the goodness of o f year, but not until 1884 did Carl Roller
God. He wrote: “In the year 1663, it pleased ascertain the value o f cocaine as a local
God to visit the colonies o f Plymouth with a anesthetic. In this century, practical appli
pestilential fever whereby great numbers of cations have been found for curare, the
the Indians suddenly were taken away and arrow poison o f the Amazon tribes. Dr.
the country almost depopulated, by which Frederick Banting, discoverer o f insulin,
occasions way was made for the English in credited Indian healers with the “pharma
their weak condition to settle peacefully ceutical spadework” which led to it. Indian
among them.” Similar sentiments were drugs which were used to suppress ovulation
voiced by the Reverend Cotton Mather, and control the menstrual cycle started re
perhaps better known for his witch hunting searchers on the road which led to the
proclivities.
“pill.” Some Indians even stumbled upon
the working principle o f modern antibiotics,
although o f course they were unaware o f
how and why certain molds and fungi pro
duced desired results,” according to Virgil J.
Vogel’ book, American Indian Medicine.
s
“The most important evidence o f Indian
influence on American medicine is seen in
the fact that more than two hundred in
digenous drugs which were used by one or
more Indian tribes have been official in The
Pharmacopeia o f The United States of
America for varying periods since the first
edition appeared in 1820, or in the National
Formulary, since it began in 1884. So
complete, in fact, was the aboriginal know
ledge of their native flora that Indian usage
can be demonstrated for all but a bare half
dozen, at most, o f our indigenous vegetable
drugs," Vogel said.
The white colonialists pushed further west
from the eastern territories they had de
populated with their diseases. With their
firearms and their "firewater," they en
countered Native Americans in such num
bers that it became impractical to exter
minate them. It was at this time that the socalled “reservation system” was devised.
The white economy was still mainly agri
cultural. Therefore, wherever a particular
arid, stony, swampy or otherwise unusable
piece o f land existed, it was dignified with
the name o f “reservation" and the surviving
Native Americans were thrust upon it to
suffer and die. Being o f particularly
obstinate and stubborn nature they often
survived, if for no other reason than merely
to frustrate their tormentors. The whites
retaliated by setting up a kind o f lottery in
which the reservations were handed out as
prizes among the most efficient torturers the
whites had trained, the so-called “ mis
sionaries.”
When you enter a reservation, you realize
that you are entering a poor neighborhood.
The largest building on a reservation is
nearly always the church: Catholic, Protes
tant, Mormon, or otherwise. In the North
east it is always the Catholic church. This is
because the Jesuits got there first. Not many
people realize that in 1530, one hundred
years before the Pilgrims landed on Ply
mouth Rock, Champlain raised the Cross at
St. John. In Massachusetts the Indians had
smallpox. In Maine we had Jesuits. Rather
than destroying our bodies, they destroyed
our culture.
The only exceptions to the above rules are
those places where the Native Americans
have organized themselves and fought to
better their conditions, sometimes by actual
ly taking up arms as at Wounded Knee. It is
no accident that the largest housing pro
gram for Native Americans in recent times,
the so-called cluster housing, exists at Pine
Ridge and Rosebud, the reservations ad
jacent to Wounded Knee. Indian Island, the
Penobscot Reservation at Old Town, now
has a large new community center built with
outside funds in an attempt to buy off the
Penobscots in their land suit against the
State o f Maine. The Micmac Reserve at
Shubenacadie, N.B., has new housing, new
roads, and a new sewage system, but only
because Chief Knockwood is a functionary
in the Radical Conservative Party.
But for urban Native Americans it is a sad
story. And, at this writing, the majority of
Native Americans now reside in rural shanty
towns and urban ghettoes. This is the result
of two rope tricks designed to make all
Indians and their problems disappear and
place the reservations in the more apprecia
tive hands o f white owners. The first was the
Allotment Act o f 1887. This relieved the
Native Americans o f over 90 million acres of
land, almost two-thirds of the 150 million
acres they still owned, or rather that the
government owned. The second was the
allotment o f funds by the Bureau o f Indian
Affairs in 1950, to get Indians off the reser
vations and into the cities. “Efforts were
once more made to reduce Indian land and
chop back or break down tribal society. The
growth o f Indian communities was no longer
aided but obstructed. Indians were not
urged to work together, but emphasis was
placed on emigration to large cities to find
wage work and, in a word, get lost,” accord
ing to the American Heritage Book of
Indians.
“ Some statistics o f 1967 make the
situation graphic: The average Indian
family income in the United States was
$1500. Unemployment on the reservations
ranged from 45 per cent up, reaching 80 per
cent on some reservations at certain seasons.
Some 90 per cent o f Indian housing on
reservations was unacceptable by any
standards. Some 70 per cent o f the people
on reservations still hauled their water one
mile or more from its source. Average
schooling o f Indian children was five years.
The average school drop-outs 50 per cent,
compared with a national average o f 29 per
cent,” writes Alvin M. Josephy. in The
Indian Heritage o f America.
For the Native American living in the
rural shantytown or urban ghetto, the
situation may be worse. The reservation
Native American is at least entitled to
services o f Indian Health Service (IHS), but
the urban Native American is in a
"Catch-22” situation. If he approaches a
municipal hospital or clinic for treatment he
is told: “Go to IHS.” But when he goes to
IHS he is told: "You're no longer on the
reservation so you’ no longer entitled to
re
treatment!” To remedy this situation, the
National Indian Youth Council initiated
class action suits against HEW on behalf of
the 440,000 urban Native Americans in the
U.S.
A lower court judge decided in favor of
the urban Native Americans, but somewhere
the suit seems to have gotten lost. Even if
these Indians could get into an IHS hospital,
they would get little or no treatment due to
the poor condition o f hospitals. A recent
survey by a committee o f the American
Medical Association disclosed that only 2
1
o f the 51 IHS hospitals are accredited, twothirds are obsolete, and 22 need complete
replacement. Most o f these are old single
story barracks-style buildings with inade
quate wiring, ventilation, insulation, and
fire-protection systems, and so cramped and
crowded as to jeapordize the health and
safety of their occupants.
Statistics gathered this year by a U.S.
Senate subcommittee show that native
persons have the poorest health o f all
persons living on the mid-North American
continent. Indians suffer from 60 times
more dysentery, 30 times more strep throat,
1 times more hepatitis and 10 times more
1
tuberculosis than U.S. citizens. Subcom
mittee Chairman Henry M. Jackson said the
U.S. Government, responsible by law for the
health needs o f Indians, was responsible for
the tragic statistics.
Jackson noted that there are diseases
found on Indian reservations that are no
longer tabulated for the rest o f the nation.
He cited typhoid fever, diphtheria, tracho
ma. A 12-year old Navajo girl died of
bubonic plague, the Black Death that killed
nearly a third o f the population o f medieval
Europe, just last summer.
One reservation doctor, who refused to
give his name fearing retribution from his
superiors, testified before the hearing: “We
see people die from treatable, curable
diseases. We see people die o f diarrhea,
diabetes, infections, rheumatic heart dis
ease, typhoid fever, diphtheria, bubonic
plague,” the physician said. “These would
not be tolerated anywhere else in the United
States. Here it is a way o f life,” Akwesasne
Notes reports.
�Page 6
Wabanaki Alliance May 1978
President's man warns of
harm if claims go to court
BANGOR — Eliot R. Cutler says he is
“deeply concerned about the chaos, the
hardship and the suffering that many years
of litigation would inflict upon all the people
o f Maine,” if Indian land claims wind up in
court.
Cutler is one of three men on a Presi
dential task force that has met during past
months with Penobscot and Passamaquoddy
tribal negotiators to draft the current out-ofcourt proposal to resolve land claims to as
much as 12.5 million acres. He spoke from a
prepared speech at a recent Husson College
breakfast here.
Cutler said after his talk, during an
informal chat with the press, that he is
involved in the Wampanoag Indian claims
in Mashpee, Mass., where the effects o f a
litigated land suit are being felt. “Real
estate transactions have not taken place in
more than two years,” he said, adding, “the
consequences of that case have been hurting
us very badly.”
If the Indian case goes to court, the result
would be “years of litigation . . . hell,” said
Cutler, a Bangor native, 1968 Harvard
graduate and associate director with the
Office of Manageme'nt and Budget (OMB),
in Washington.
“It’ very real. I wouldn’ want to litigate.
s
t
I’ a lawyer and I’ also a citizen of
m
m
Maine,” Cutler said.
Responding to statements by the Maine
officials that the state is being pressured to
accept a negotiated settlement, Cutler said,
“no one is backed up against a wall ... we
want to see it settled.”
Cutler maintained that “the tribes’ claims
are not frivolous. They could be entirely
successful.”
While conceding there is merit on both
sides of the Indian claims case, Cutler said
“the people of Maine must sense the risk in
taking the case to court.” Both Senators
Edmund S. Muskie and William D. Hatha
way, of Maine, have "taken that view,”
Cutler said.
Cutler said he understood Maine Con
gressmen David F. Emery and William S.
Cohen also sense the risk of litigation. By
implication. Cutler said Gov. James B.
Longley and Atty. Gen. Joseph E. Brennan
did not appreciate the risk involved. Cutler
did not explain the risk other than to
mention “economic chaos."
In his prepared remarks, Cutler said “ I
know that I speak for my colleagues on the
work group, for the President’ counsel. Bob
s
Lipshutz, and for the President himself,
when I say that we do not want this case to
go to court.
“ In short, we think it is unfair to ask the
people o f Maine to pay the price of litiga
tion,” he said.
Cutler, his colleagues and tribal negotia
tors recently announced an extended dead
line o f May 10, by which time the state and
14 large landholders in Maine are asked to
respond to the negotiated settlement pro
posal.
"The period between now and May 10 is a
crucial time for all o f us. Each day that
passes without progress toward a negotiated
settlement brings us closer to a costly con
frontation in court. Yet I know that each
day also brings more questions, more
doubts, and more confusion as to what is the
right thing to do.”
Cutler wants
Congress to act
on claims offer
BANGOR — White House Indian land
claims negotiator Eliot R. Cutler says he will
urge Congress to approve the first section of
a proposed settlement o f the PenobscotPassamaquoddy land case, involving a $25
million payment to the tribes.
Cutler, speaking at a press conference at
Husson College, said he hopes Congress will
enact part A o f a joint proposal reached by a
ihree-man federal task force and a team of
Indian negotiators. Called “The Basic
Agreement: A Partial Settlement,” the first
portion of the offer would extinguish the two
tribes’ claims to privately-held land in
parcels of 50,000 acres or less, within a
specified claims area o f the state. In return,
the federal government would pay the tribes
$25 million.
The Indians’ suit originally alleged
ownership o f two-thirds o f the state, or 12.5
million acres. If Congress approves part A of
the offer, the claims area would be limited to
5 million acres, excluding from all lawsuit
the remaining 7.5 million acres.
The tribes and White House task force
have already accepted part A o f the settle
ment package.
While approval o f part A would clear title
to landowners with 50,000 acres and under,
it would still leave open to lawsuit those
corporations in the 5-million-acre claims
area owning more than 50,000 acres — a
total of 14 large firms are involved.
Part A, if okayed by Congress, would not
clear title to state-owned lands in the revised
claims area.
BATTER UP — Chick Barnes, left, gets ready for baseball season as manager of Passamaquoddy Indians, a team in the Qnoddy League. With him is umpire for home games Ray
mond Moore, lieutenant governor for the tribe. First game of the 28-game season is May 14,
at Pleasant Point, against Pembroke Seagulls. “Things look pretty good for us. Last year we
wound up in fifth place, but this year we hope to take the whole thing,” Barnes said. Games
take place each Sunday, and everyone’s welcome. [Cartwright Photo]
Indian director quits
over conflicts with board
ORONO — In what was for weeks a
well-kept secret. Central Maine Indian
Association Director Michael Ranco has
resigned.
Ranco. who besides serving as CMIA ex
ecutive director was on the board of
directors o f this newspaper, has moved from
Orono to Tucson, Arizona, where he will
direct a youth program at an Indian center
there.
His letter o f resignation listed “unstable
funding sources, staff turnovers, lack o f con
tinuity within (the) board, and the political
backbiting aimed at CMIA,” as reasons for
his departure after two years with the
non-profit social service organization.
The letter, dated March 22, was ad
dressed to the CMIA board o f directors.
Ranco stated he was emotionally and physi
cally “drained,” and was “not cut out to be
an administrator.”
Ranco said he had tried during his tenure
at CMIA to make the agency a “peopleoriented program and not a paper program
like so many programs that exist.”
Ranco praised a dedicated staff, and said
he was quitting with regret, and feeling that
his work at CMIA had been “very grati
fying."
Tureen wants new Mashpee trial
ORONO — Native American Rights
Fund lawyer Thomas N. Tureen says he will
seek a new trial in the Wampanaog Indian
land claims case, at Mashpee, Mass.
Last January, a U.S. District Court jury in
Boston concluded the Wampanoags no
longer constituted a recognized tribe. That
decision meant the Mashpee Indians would
not be able to pursue land claims based on
the 1790 Non-Intercourse Act. which said all
treaties with tribes must be approved by
Congress.
Tureen, who serves as lawyer for several
Indian land claims suits in New England,
said the judge in the Boston trial, Walter J.
Skinner, “refused to investigate” a jury
tampering issue. That and other issues will
be the basis for requesting a new trial.
Tureen said.
Tureen, a Perry resident, is principal
lawyer for the Penobscot and Passamaquoddy land claims to two-thirds o f Maine.
Gerard raps court on jurisdiction ruling
Penobscot Madas Sapiei greets White House claims negotiator Eliot Cotier, at a Bangor
business breakfast where Cotier talked about the proposed land claims settlement,
[Cartwright Photo]
WASHINGTON — U.S. Interior Ass’
t.
Secretary for Indian Affairs Forrest J.
Gerard said today he was disappointed by
the United States Supreme Court ruling
that Indian tribes do not have criminal
ju risd ic tio n
ov er
non-Indians
on
reservations.
He said that he thought the decision
would inhibit the development of tribal
self-government and the maintenance of
crim in al ju s tic e sy stem s on the
reservations.
Gerard also said that he did not believe
that the decision applied to m atters of civil
jurisdiction. In a memorandum to Bureau
of Indian Affairs field officers, Gerard
wrote: “The Supreme Court did not
consider or decide the issue of whether
tribal co u rts m ay e x e r c is e civ il
ju risd ic tio n o v er non-Indians. Your
decision on approval of ordinances or
resolutions asserting only civil jurisdiction
over non-Indians should not be affected by
this decision.”
The Supreme Court ruled in Oliphant v.
Suquamish Indian Tribe that Indian tribal
courts do not have inherent criminal
jurisdiction to try and punish non-Indians.
With the development of Indian selfdetermination as a national policy, a
number of the tribes have asserted the
need and the right to exercise criminal
ju risd ic tio n o v er non-Indians on the
reservations. The Oliphant decision denies
this right.
Gerard instructed BIA field officers that
tribal ordinances or resolutions asserting
tribal criminal jurisdiction over nonIndians must be disapproved. The m em o
also gave directions in accordance with
the ruling, for BIA law enforcement
officers.
Gerard said that he would continue to
work with the tribes, other Federal
agencies and state and local governments
to try to provide full protection against
crim e for all persons on the reservations.
�Wabanaki Alliance May 1978
»50C C 0000500050C C C
Poetry
Mother
Mother Dear —
I'm sorry for
what we two
said —
Mother Dear —
you can’ take
t
back what was
said —
Dear Mother —
I love you —
and miss you —
I’ sorry for
m
what I said.
Dear Mother —
I hope you
forgive —
P.S. I love you
Drifter
(For my son;
Drifter comes here everyday—
sometimes she brings her
friends.
How do I know this?
I see her
white spot—
heavenly blue and green.
How did she get here?
My son
brought her here first—
now she comes here all
the time.
Drifter— a pigeon.
I am
I’m not my brother’ keeper
s
I’ not my sister’ keeper
m
s
I’m not my children’ keeper
s
Or mother or father
I am my own keeper
and God's too
Grandfather
8
Grandfather, grandfather
where are thee?
Grandfather, if I had only
known thee.
All I know is what your
son tell s me.
Grandfather, were you happy
or were you sad?
Grandfather, were you strong
or were you weak?
Grandfather, were you mad
or were you loving?
Oh! Grandfather, what were
you really like?
Grandfather, if I had
Only known thee.
Aubrey Tomah holds sign advertising his memorial stone business. Some examples of his
wares are displayed behind him. [O’Neal Photo)
You
You make me feel
Lonely
You make me feel
Blue
You make me feel
Empty
Inside, too
What can I say
What can I do
Nothing, nothing
For us two
By Diane Newell Wilson
Indian Island
M O SCCCCCCCCCCOCCCCCO»
Cox may testify on land case
CAMBRIDGE, Mass. — Former Water
gate Special Prosecutor Archibald Cox,
co - counsel on the Penobscot - Passamaquoddy land claims case in Maine, may
argue approval o f a proposed out-of-court
settlement before Congress.
A source close to negotiations on the land
case said Cox has been biding his time,
offering legal advice on the claims to 12.5
million acres in Maine, but may soon testify
before Congress, seeking approval of a $25
million federal payment to the tribes.
That money would be appropriated for
Indians in exchange for dropping the land
suit against private landholders with 50,000
acres or less. It is the first section o f a
settlement offer ratified by the tribes, which
would give Indians the $25 million, 300,000
acres plus options on 200,000 more acres,
Page 7
oocccco&scooooccocoa
$1.7 million annually for 15 years from the
state, plus an additional $3.5 million from
federal government to exercise land options.
Any appropriation o f federal funds would
need Congressional approval.
Cox has maintained a low profile in the
claims case, but has been involved as a
lawyer for some time. Native American
Rights Fund lawyer Thomas N. Tureen
recently mentioned Cox as his "co-counsel”
on the Maine suit.
Mah'seet starts his own business
HOULTON — Joseph (Aubrey) Tomah
is a Maliseet who has embarked on his own
enterprise.
Tomah started his own business selling
m em orial stones after being em ployed in
that field for many years.
He said he got started as a boy when the
owner of R ogerson’ M em orials in Houlton
s
hired him to build a sum m er camp. Tomah
said he saw the men carving the stones in
R ogerson’ store and becam e fascinated.
s
He was soon hired on a part-time basis,
and his career was begun.
Several people have owned the old store
since Rogerson sold the business, but
Tomah stayed on, although he says he
frequently cam e close to quitting. One of
the owners broke so many prom ises to
Tomah that he had to have a contract
drawn up. T o m a h ’s la st em p lo y e r
prom ised Tomah an annual raise, but
backed out of it. ‘ called m e in and said
He
‘
You can keep on working at the sam e
w ages or leave.’ I left’,” Tomah said.
He decided to start his won business,
Houlton Memorial Works and went to
Association of Aroostook for information.
Indians, with the help of AAI planner.
Robert Bums, he applied for an received a
Small Business Administration Loan.
That w as three years ago. Tomah said
his business has been increasing steadily.
In the first year he sold around 40 stones
and in the second around 5 He said winter
5.
is a slow period because the ground is too
hard to set stones or dig graves. With
warmer temperatures of spring, however,
the pace quickens, and Tomah usually
takes on two assistants to handle the
increase.
He was offered a position managing a
m em orial business in Florida during the
winter, but declined, not wishing to leave
his wife and six children.
Tomah says competition is fierce in his
profession. During slack months he says
he u su ally s o lic it s bu siness, usin g
newspaper obituaries to locate families
who may want a stone. During warm
weather people usually seek him out.
Tomah does all the carving himself, and
unlike com petitors does not charge extra
for an epitaph.
Located in Houlton, Tomah says he
would like to serve Maines three Indian
reservations and off-reservation Indians.
Cox. a Harvard Law School professor, was
contacted last fall about his role in the case
by this newspaper. Cox responded with a
note that said “Just now I am greatly
pressed for time. Tom Tureen can really give
you more concerning the Indian land case
than I could supply.”
Whereabouts of tribal members sought
INDIAN ISLAND — Hello out there, the
Penobscot tribe would like to know your
address.
If you are one o f the Penobscot tribal
members listed below, the tribe has no
record of your address, and would appreci
ate being contacted. Ass’ Tribal Historian
t
Mary Byers said she has made every effort to
contact the following persons with no
success to date.
Names of these "missing persons” are:
Ida Rose, Roxanne Shaeffer, Stanley Nep
tune, Gail Lewey Raymond, Lucille Shay
Ranco, Patricia Lee Ranco, Clifford Phil
lips, Leroy Nicola, Arnold Neptune, Tim
Neptune, Harrison and Ernestine Neptune,
Doris Mason McPhee, Ann McElwood
Matteau, Rose Mitchell Leidahl, Paulette L.
Henderson, Thomas Leo Shory.
Also, Alice Ranco Sockabasin, Carol
Steele; Arnold, Charles and Vincent St.
Louis; George Tomer, Patricia Lolar Tomp
kins, Rita Spencer Verdugo, Marie Ranco
Woodbury, Catherine Phillips Zandanella,
Francis Ranco Abunasser, Michael A.
Akins, Westosis Atten, Linda Jean Baer,
Joyce LeBretton Bailey, Ramona Gould
Clark, Eugene Conolly, Margaretta Davis,
John A. Davis, Samuel Delio, Audrey
Francis Fitzgerald, Henry Patrick Francis,
Robert Hamilton, and Maxine Shea Ham
ilton.
Sioux claims review
WASHINGTON — President Carter has
signed into law a bill calling for a new
review by the U.S. Court of Appeals of the
Black Hills Claim of the Sioux Indians
without regard to the defense which had
been asserted in a earlier review of the
settlement.
“ OK, WHAT NOW FELLAS?” This cement track was mired in Spring mad at new Indian
Island playground site, causing a temporary halt to construction. [Cartwright Photo]
�Page 8
Wabanaki Alliance May 1978
Tidal power plant seen five years away
PLEASANT POINT — Pleasant Point reversible turbines, it would capture both
Passamaquoddy reservation may be the site the ebb and flood tides, generating 18
o f the first fully functional tidal power plant million kilowatt-hours annually. Only about
5 per cent of this would be needed on the
in North America.
Dr. Normand LaBetge, project director reservation. The rest would be sold to the
for the Passamaquoddy Energy Office, surrounding area.
Secondly the plant would increase em
pointed to his cramped office and remarked
that it was possible that the only tidal power ployment opportunities in aquaculture,
tourism, plant construction, and mainten
project in the U.S. was housed there.
LaBerge and his assistant, C. Russell ance.
As a prototype plant, the Half-moon Cove
Lawson, are presently working under a oneyear grant from the National Center for tidal project would function as a stepping
Appropriate Technology, Butte, Montana to stone from the drawing board to develop
plan and develop the tidal project at Half- ment o f full-sized, operational plants, La
Berge said.
moon Cove, on the reservation.
Finally, he pointed out that it would
An in-depth feasibility study is the next
stage o f the project, LaBerge said. This provide a continuous energy source, replac
would be conducted by Pleasant Point staff, ing 43,000 barrels of oil annually.
E. C. Jordan Engineering Co. of Portland,
Solar power plans
and Maritec, Inc. o f South Bristol. The
Another non-depletable resource being
study would investigate the effects the
studied at Pleasant Point is solar energy.
project would have both on the people in the
area and the environment. They would also Under Lawson’s direction, solar panels were
develop preliminary designs and work out installed on one of the recently built reser
guidelines to conform with federal, state, vation houses. Lawson said that the Passa
and financial requirements. A proposal to maquoddy Energy Office has received a
finance the feasibility study has been sub grant from a federal solar energy program to
mitted to the U.S. Department of Energy build another solar energy dwelling as part
and is still being considered, LaBerge said. o f new housing planned at the reservation.
Lawson described several innovations his
The feasibility study would take one year
to complete, and would be followed by an office has developed which helped win grant
money. Unlike the usual solar heating
environmental impact statement on the
effects o f the power plant on water tempera system, which stores heated water in a large
ture, mixing, and the organisms on tidal cellar holding tank, the Passamaquoddy
flats. LaBerge said one o f the key features of design will store solar heated water above
the plant is that it would produce no water ground, in pipes running through the
interior walls o f the house. Reflectors will be
or air pollution.
If the impact statement is acceptable, the concentrated on only one solar panel,
tribe would apply for a Federal Power instead of two or more. Lawson said this will
Commission license and, if approved, could save heat otherwise wasted in raising the
begin construction. LaBerge estimated that temperature o f panels to a functional level.
Eighty-one sensors have been installed in
with no setbacks, the Passamaquoddies
could have a functioning tidal power plant the solar house, to monitor energy levels
every five minutes. Lawson estimated that of
in five years.
1
According to LaBerge, the power plant 800 federally funded solar projects, only 3
would serve four basic purposes. Using were selected for such careful monitoring.
Russell Lawson, left, and Dr. Normand LaBerge of the P assam aquoddy Enetg, Office at
Pleasant Point stand before the month of Half Moon Cove, the reservatton she the, have
been studying for a proposed tidal power plant. [O’
Neal Photo]
YACC: Youth job program
off to a busy start
INDIAN ISLAND — After two weeks of
intensive orientation, the Young Adult
Conservation Corps (YACC) has begun
putting its training into practice.
According to Richard Hamilton, program
director, everyone on the Island who i£
eligible has been enrolled. When the
program began, 80 of the 100 available slots
were filled immediately. O f these, 25
enrollees were from the Island, with the
remainder being non-Indians. Hamilton
said there was initially some concern about
bringing non-Indians onto the Island, but
added, “there has not been one racial
incident” since the program started.
BIA official comments on
land, Indian sovereignty
Given the status o f Indian tribes, together
PALM SPRINGS. Calif. — The following
remarks are excerpted from a recent speech with the vast natural resources that they
own, and the policy o f Indian self-deter
by U.S. Interior Department Ass’ Secre
t.
mination. Indian tribes, as governmental
tary for Indian Affairs, Forrest Gerard.
units, are here to stay and will have to be
On Maine land claims
The land claims cases have raised the dealt with accordingly. And as the need for
spectre of Indians taking back large an impetus to develop natural resources in
amounts o f land throwing the non-Indians creases. the presence o f Indian tribes as
governmental entities will become more and
off the property involved.
We read and hear about how land titles more a matter to be reckoned with.
The most productive path, and clearly the
have been clouded by these claims and
property values have dropped drastically. course to least resistance, is for the various
We also hear that if the Indians prevail, states to come to grips with and accept the
people will be thrown into the streets. fact that Indian tribes, like the states within
which they reside, are sovereign entities in
Nothing could be further from the truth.
I do not wish to discuss with you today their own right. Like the states themselves,
the merits or legalities underlying the claims they both possess and exercise full and
... but let me say the courts . . . particularly plenary governmental authority over the
in the Maine case . . . have found that there lands they occupy. This power, except where
specifically altered by Congress, operates to
is merit to the Indian claim.
When the court reached this conclusion, the absolute exclusion o f the states.
the Indians were left with several alterna
The fundamental distinction that must be
tives. One would be to file an action to eject
every land owner within the claimed area. understood by both the general public and
Another would be to insist that the United those who serve in government is simply that
States take such action. A third would be to Indian tribes, as self-governing, indepen
go to the negotiation table to try to work out dent political entities, are an integral
a settlement that is fair to all parties element o f the Federal governmental sys
tem. Too often American Indians are
concerned.
The Indian tribes involved never have thought o f a simply another racial minority
wished to displace homeowners or individual group and their needs, rights, and concerns
land owners and on several occasions they are mistakenly placed in the same category
as other racial minority populations.
have made that point clear.
On sovereign rights
Indian tribes still exist, and the United
States still exists, and solemn agreements
between the two parties have not been
affected nor were they conditioned upon the
passage o f time. As a consequence, Indian
tribes enjoy a status under Federal law as
legitimate, self-governing entities, for the
most part independent of the authority of
the states and free to pursue a culturally
communal lifestyle.
Although Indian people participated in
the struggle against racial discrimination
and are appreciative o f the progress made in
the area o f civil rights, such issues have
never superseded Indian concerns in the
area o f treaty rights, hunting and fishing
rights, or water rights, to name only a few.
Indian people enjoy the same citizenship
rights as non-Indians, yet, as tribal citizens
their “Indian” rights remain undiminished.
Hamilton estimated there are 25-40 offreservation Indians who would be eligible,
but don’ know about the program. He
t
expressed a desire to see area employment
agencies such as Penobscot County Consor
tium and Maine Indian Manpower “getting
the word out" more effectively. Most o f the
enrollees are walk-ins, rather than recruits,
he said.
U.S. Interior Department funding for the
program is handled by the Bureau o f Indian
Affairs, under a forestry contract with the
Penobscot tribe. Hamilton said BIA, accustomed to working with western Indians,
had a few problems adapting its policies to
the Penobscots. He said BIA had initially
insisted on including a number o f large
buses in the inventory, but the tribe made it
clear that boats are more useful than buses
on an island.
Although enrollees began with a great
deal of enthusiasm, this has begun to wane a
bit. according to some o f the foremen in the
group. After pay-day there was a large
number o f mostly male absentees. As a
result, a meeting was held at which leaders
said there is a growing list of people waiting
to enter the program in place o f those not
interested in working. Enrollment now
seems to be stabilizing, according to the
foremen.
Hamilton said members o f the program
receive minimum wage, with a 50 per cent
hike for foremen, and a 15 per cent hike for
assistant crew leaders. The foremen were
chosen from among participants (based on
interest and leadership abilities.) during a
two week orientation program.
So far the enrollees have been devoting
most o f their time to clearing underbrush, on
the Island. However, with the coming of
warm weather, the two 18-foot aluminum
boats will be traveling to other islands in the
Penobscot River to begin projects outlined
in the BIA contract.
According to Hamilton, these projects fall
into eight groups — tree planting and
seeding; pest control; forest regeneration;
building firebreaks; recreational develop-
Richard Hamilton
ment; erosion control; brush control; and
jeep trail construction.
Each project is supervised by experienced
personnel, Hamilton said. Most o f the
forestry work planned this year will be sup
ervised by Kipp Kilpatrick, a forestry man
agement graduate of Colorado State Uni
versity.
The first major project the program will
tackle involves clearing a 99-foot-wide fire
break on Orson Island, upriver from Indian
Island. Other specific projects include
planting 1.000 seedlings in the upper village
housing area, and constructing a recreation
area in the Eave’ Point area.
s
The YACC program at Indian Township
has just finished its orientation period. The
program presently has 31 enrollees (23
Indian and 8 non-Indian), although like In
dian Island, there are 100 slots available.
The program is headed by Louis DeRogie,
with Reginald Roy acting as Program
Work Coordinator. Three team leaders have
been chosen —
Dennis Tomah, Carl
Nicholas, Sr., and Maynard Stanley.
Although no specific projects have been
developed, representatives o f the U.S.
Forestry Service and the University o f Maine
Forestry Department have offered their time
for training and advising.
The Township program is based at the
new Long Lake Campground; however, for
now there are no plans to house the
enrollees.
CMIA n eed s staff
ORONO — Central Maine Indian Asso
ciation has two job openings available.
Needed are a clerk-typist and food and nu
trition coordinator. Interested persons may
write to Tom Vicaire at CMIA, 95 Main
Street, Orono, or call 866-5587.
�Wabanaki Alliance May 1978
Editor, lawyer argue land rights
ELLSWORTH — The editor-publisher of
the award-winning weekly newspaper, The
Ellsworth American, used red ink to
headline his front page editorial stating
Indian title to Maine land was extinguished.
J. Russell Wiggins concluded his recent
lengthy editorial with the assertion that
"Maine’ Indians were conquered in a long,
s
fierce, brutal and savage war that destroyed
their villages, sent them into exile, dimin
ished their number, and left them leaderless
. . . whatever right or title they were
accorded to land after 1763 they got by the
grace and indulgence o f Massachusetts (and
Maine).”
Wiggins maintains Penobscots and Passamaquoddies are not justified in their current
claim o f aboriginal title to two thirds o f the
state, based on the 1790 Non-Intercourse
Act that said all treaties with Indians must
be approved by Congress — and treaties
with the Maine tribes were not so approved.
Wiggins commentary did not go unchal
lenged. Native American Rights Fund
lawyer Thomas N. Tureen, representing the
two Maine tribes in the land claims suit,
argued in a letter published in The Ells
worth American, that . Penobscots and
Passamaquoddies never lost title or posses
sion of their lands.
“I can understand why you would like to
believe that ‘ o f the major Indian villages
all
were destroyed.’ or would want to blur the
distinction between the Passamaquoddies
and Penobscots and other tribes which were
actually dispossessed,” Tureen wrote to
Wiggins. “The problem is,” Tureen said,
“that the Passamaquoddy and Penobscot
tribes were separate landholding entities
which were not dispossessed in the French
and Indian Wars of any territory above the
head o f the tide on the Penobscot River.
Tureen enclosed a 13-page memorandum
from former Watergate special prosecutor
Archibald Cox, (also published in the
Ellsworth paper) stating that the British
gave "permissive occupancy" to the Penob
scots on land above what is now Bangor.
That “occupancy" is exactly what aborigi
nal title means, and what the Non-Inter
course Act was designed to protect. Tureen
said.
Wiggins’ newspaper again disputed
Tureen’ position in a later edition. Citing
s
many reports o f destruction and slaughter of
Indians and their villages, the follow-up
editorial says Indians were decimated over
the years, and that for 200 years, Massa
chusetts “treated these lands as their own
(and Maine later) granting them, tract by
The Longest Walk protests
anti-Indian bills, backlash
DAVIS, California — Three months ago
a group of Indians departed San Francisco
for the beginning o f what sponsors hope will
be the largest protest march ever, involving
Indian people. It will in any case be the
longest.
Covering 2,800 miles and lasting four to
five months. The Longest Walk will slice
across the continent, gathering support and
winding up in Washington, D.C. on the
Fourth o f July. The purpose o f the walk is to
draw national attention to the issues
pending in Congress concerning American
Indians. It is also designed to counter a
national backlash against Indians, and to
people. This walk has been initiated due to
all the forced Indian long walks in past
history, past and present injustices in
America, and the pressures and threats
increasing from the recent surge o f antiIndian legislation being introduced into the
House and Senate o f the U.S. Congress.”
Support for the walk has come from tribes
throughout North America, and the ranks of
marching protestors have swelled to nearly
300 persons. The walkers, in Missouri at
press time have planned numerous stops on
their journey to Washington. Included are
rallies at sites o f historical significance to
Indians and various workshops on legisla
tion Indians oppose. Many colleges, church
es, and other organizations have agreed to
sponsor the march, and have provided par
ticipants with places to sleep and hold cere
monies and dances. A number of celebrities
have offered their support, including In
dian folksinger Buffy Ste. Marie, Max Gail
o f TV’ Barney Miller, and Ken Norton,
s
world heavyweight boxing contender.
The Longest Walk objects to 1 legislative
1
bills. These bills would limit Indian water,
fishing, and hunting rights, impose state
jurisdiction on reservations, and extinguish
land claims.
Members o f some tribes have walked or
even run to join The Longest Walk at
different points along its route. According to
Aselema (Sammy) Sapiel of Indian Island,
several New England tribes are interested in
a walk to Washington to meet the major
march on July 4. He said efforts are under
way to coordinate tribal participation.
There will be a press conference at the
State House in Augusta at noon, Saturday,
May 13 to answer questions on The Longest
Walk and enlist support.
An estimated 20,000 Indians will convene
in Washington on the Fourth of July. Sapiel
said he thinks the estimate is low.
gain sympathy and support for Indian goals
in Congress.
In ceremonies at the beginning o f the
walk, former American Indian Movement
leader Dennis Banks said, “This will be a
battle against apathy, because if people
knew about it, I don’ think these things
t
(anti-Indian legislation) would go through as
easily.”
The Longest Walk Newsletter charac
terizes the walk as “an Indian spiritual
walk, a historical walk; and it is a walk for
educational awareness to the American
people and world communities, long due,
about the concerns of American Indian
tract, and town by town, to purchasers and
grantees, whose heirs and assigns now hold
them under title that all construed to be
sound until the Indian land claims suits
arose.”
The editorial also says, “ In the sense the
word is used in any settled country, probably
neither Indians or English ‘
occupied’ the
lands o f Maine.” The newspaper says 350,
or even 700 Indians, “surely did not ‘
occupy’
the 12 million acres of the claimed area in
any practical sense.”
Further, it says Governor Pownall of
Massachusetts declared, "ye have forfeited
your Liberty, your lands, your lives.” And
Pownall prepared a statement for Indians to
sign, saying “we have forfeited all our lands
and as possession has been taken o f all our
lands in this our time o f open rebellion, that
we acknowledge this right, and relinquish
all claim to said lands, and only pray that we
may have a privilege to hunt, fowl, and fish
within such limits as shall be assigned to
us."
Four Indians were said to have signed this
document, but Tureen alleges the statement
was only meant to be valid for those persons
signing it. The Ellsworth American editorial
admits "it is not known if more signed it."
Tureen said publicly that Wiggins is
“strident," but he added, “ I met with him
recently and he’s a very charming man. But
I disagree with him entirely.” Wiggins is a
former U.S. ambassador, and former editor
of the Washington Post.
Baxter f lo o d in g p r o p o s e d
PORTLAND — Great Northern Paper
Co. last year presented plans to generate
electricity at Millinocket. with a dam that
would flood a corner o f Baxter State Park,
according to a recent Maine Sunday Tele
gram story.
The story, by environmental writer Bob
Cummings, said Great Northern presented
such plans to the Baxter State Park Author
ity.
"N o one really expects the park to be
flooded,” Cummings wrote. “Most specu
late that the park plan is a smoke screen to
remove attention from a dam further up
stream on the Penobscot.”
Page 9
New CM
IA
director named
Tom Vicaire
ORONO — A 31-year-old Micmac Indian
from Mattawamkeag has been hired as
executive director o f Central Maine Indian
Association.
He is Melvin L. (Tom) Vicaire. an
organizer o f the Indian association four
years ago. Vicaire worked as CM1A
program coordinator from December 1974
until April 1977. He was recently employed
as a school bus driver and janitor in
Mattawamkeag.
Vicaire replaces Michael Ranco of Orono.
a Penobscot Indian who left the director’
s
post to take a job in Arizona.-Vicaire said he
is looking forward to his work, and plans to
continue all existing projects and programs,
including plans for a Portland CMIA office.
A graduate o f Mattawamkeag High
School. Vicaire is married and has two sons,
age 10 and 1 and one daughter, age four.
1.
Vicaire will commute to CMIA’ Orono
s
office from his Mattawamkeag home.
In other CMIA staff changes, Deborah
Deveau has resigned and moved to Port
land. She has not yet been replaced, Vicaire
said.
YACC workers test their work, a bridge which they designed and built. Pictured from the
left are Steven Klein, Joseph Inman, Charles Hooper, Eva Love, David Levasseur, and
Carolyn Townsend. [O’N eal Photo]
�Page 10
Wabanaki Alliance May 1978
Tribes contract for training and employment
WASHINGTON, D.C. — Employment
assistance and vocational training are two
services Penobscots and Passamaquoddies
will be receiving as a result o f contracts with
the Bureau o f Indian Affairs (see related
story elsewhere in this newspaper).
Under the BIA employment assistance
program, eligible Indian persons may be
provided job counseling and placement.
Counselors will try to match applicants’
skills and preferences with the job market.
Financial assistance is also available for jobrelated expenses such as transportation,
purchasing required tools, medical exam
inations, etc. In some cases emergency
assistance is also available for normal living
expenses until the applicant’ first paycheck
s
is received.
To be eligible an applicant must be 18 or
older, a member o f a federally recognized
tribe, and residing on or near reservations
under BIA jurisdiction. Each applicant
must be unemployed or be over-qualified for
his or her job, and must demonstrate an
intent to stay with the job for which he or
she is being prepared.
In cases in which applicants appear to
need further training, funds are allocated
for vocational training and counseling.
Training may take place at vocational
schools, or as part o f on-the-job training.
Funding pays expenses such as tuition,
books, tools, and other items. Funding may
also pay personal needs such as child care
and household expenses. Emergency assist
ance is available in cases where a person’
s
progress in the program is in jeopardy.
Eligibility requirements are similar to
those for the employment assistance pro
gram.
According to BIA official Raymond
Butler, in charge o f contract negotiations
with the tribes, a total o f $252,000 is
budgeted this year for Maine’ three Indian
s
reservations, for employment and vocational
assistance. Pleasant Point has been alloted
$88,805, Indian Island has been granted
$109,000; and Indian Township, which has
not completed contract negotiations, is
slated to receive $54,195.
Eligible Indian persons may begin apply
ing for the job and training programs as
soon as personnel on each reservation are
hired.
The employment assistance program has
existed since the 1940’ although it was
s,
called the relocation program in those days,
reflecting its main emphasis of helping
tribal members leave the reservation to
settle in urban areas. In the 1960’ the
s
program began to change, according to
BIA’ John Jollie. ‘There was a shift in
s
‘
emphasis from moving people off the
reservations, to one which provides employ
ment and training for people on the reserva
tion,” Jollie said. He favored this shift
toward tribal unity and was an “advocate of
making the program more amenable to selfdetermination,” he said.
Indian Affairs
needs worker
Indian Township school teacher Jane Tinker uses cards written in Passamaquoddy to teach
Madeline Socobasin, left, William Nicholas, and Myra Mitchell their native language. The
students are sitting in a special booth into which only people speaking Passamaquoddy
are allowed. |O’Neal Photo)
A traditional Indian looks ahead
By Bill O ’
Neal
INDIAN ISLAND — For many Indian
people, “traditional" is a word which makes
them look back to their grandparents, but
for Aselema (Sammy) Sapiel it makes him
look ahead to the future.
Sapiel estimates that he is one o f around
70 people on Indian Island who consider
themselves traditionalists. This means that
they wish to live by the values o f their
ancestors, following their ancient religion,
ways of medicine, and beliefs.
Sapiel does not reject non-Indian society
completely, but says there are “certain
things I like to do, but not be bothered by
white people.” One o f the first aspects of
white culture opposed by traditionalists
such as Sapiel is Western religion.
“We felt we should have our own old
religion,” he said. Christened as John
Gordon Sapiel in the Catholic Church,
Sapiel said he was told as a child that he
would burn in Hell if he only used his Indian
name. He said that more Indian people are
now giving their children Indian names, but
he said the traditionalists’ return to Indian
religion has caused some tension on the
reservation, where all but a handful of
persons are practicing Catholics.
Sapiel said another source o f tension has
been the traditionalists’ involvement with
the American Indian Movement. When
AIM came to the Island, tribal members
accused traditionalists of “agitating.” How
ever, Sapiel said, “We told them (AIM) they
would have to calm down.” He added that
since then. AIM has “gone the spiritual
way," rather than advocating militancy.
Sapiel is critical o f Penobscot tribal
government, saying the council too often
seeks non-Indian help and can’ handle
t
finances properly. He cited Penobscot
Indian Enterprises as an example. "It (PIE)
was just another waste o f money." he said.
"They got more and more money, and
nothing was getting done.” He also said that
the most successful enterprise on the Island
is the BEANO Committee, which is not
funded from the outside. He added that the
administration has had to borrow money
from the Committee to keep the govern
ment-funded community building going.
According to Sapiel the tribal adminis
tration gives the benefits o f the programs
only to people it favors and not to the tribe
as a whole. He said the administration does
not make the jobs and benefits from govern
ment grants available to traditionalists.
“That’ good,” he said, “because we don’
s
t
want to get into politics; but if they’ using
re
our name, we should get the benefits.”
Traditionalists, Sapiel says, believe the
Indian could accomplish more without help
from non-Indian society, but that Indians
are afraid to try. “They’ got the power,"
ve
he said, “but they’ afraid to use it.” He
re
gave as an example the reluctance of
Indians to get married in traditional Indian
ways, rather than in church, fearing that the
marriage will not be recognized by people
both on and off the reservation. Sapiel also
favors taking the land claims to court,
rather than compromising with an out-ofcourt settlement.
Since being honorably discharged from
the U.S. Army in 1955, Sapiel has devoted a
large part o f his life “getting together with
Indians that know their traditions.” This
goal has taken him “to almost every Indian
reservation in the U.S. and Canada.” He
said he earns enough money to cover his ex
penses and then travels.
Sapiel’ activities are not restricted to
s
other reservations. He said Penobscot tradi
tionalists plan to build a longhouse on the
Island for holding ceremonies. All Indians
would be welcome there, he said. There are
also plans to consecrate Indian bones, dug
up by anthropologists, and bury them in a
proposed longhouse burial ground.
Much o f Sapiel’ time is now being spent
s
helping coordinate The Longest Walk, a
cross-country trek by Indians designed to
bring attention to Indian issues now facing
Congress, (see related story in this paper).
He hopes to participate in, or else organize a
walk from Maine, to meet members o f The
Longest Walk on their scheduled arrival in
Washington. D.C. this Fourth o f July.
Sapiel said that although the rewards are
worth it, “Going the Indian way is the
hardest thing there is. You have to give
yourself.”
AUGUSTA — The State Department of
Indian Affairs is seeking an Indian develop
ment specialist to handle welfare cases at
the Penobscot reservation at Indian Island.
The job is available following the resig
nation of Indian affairs agent Edward T.
Maroon, 31, who left the Indian Island post
after two years to take a position in Augusta.
The full time job pays $218.80 to $290 per
w'eek, and involves “complex social work in
providing a variety of. services to qualified
residents of the reservation,” according to
Indian Affairs Commissioner Charles W.
Rhynard.
The position “requires a knowledge of the
habits, customs and culture of American
Indians, and Q f federal, state and com
munity health, education, and welfare
assistance programs available,” Rhynard
said.
Minimum qualifications for the job are
set at two years experience in social case
work or field-level community development
work, or guidance and counseling experi
ence working with minority groups. Appli
cants should have a degree from a four year
college, specifically in business admin
istration. sociology or a related field.
Interested persons should write to Charles
Rhynard. Commissioner, Department of
Indian Affairs, State Office Building,
Augusta.
Body fo und in
Brewer sn ow ba n k
BREWER — The decomposed body of
Peter A. Mitchell, 49, of Pleasant Point
Passamaquoddy reservation, was discovered
in a snowbank behind the Stable Inn here
last March.
The body was found by a young boy
looking for bottles to return. Mitchell, who
has relatives at Pleasant Point, was last seen
Dec. 27. 1977.
Do you have a
drinking problem?
Wabanaki Corporation offers an alco
holism program for Indian people who
need help because o f problems with
alcohol.
If you have such a problem and need
help, or know of someone in need, please
contact the Alcoholism Counselor in your
community or area.
Indian Island — Alcoholism Coun
selor — Clarence Francis — 207-8665577.
Indian Township — Alcoholism Coun
selor — Martha Barstis — 207-796-2321.
Pleasant Point — Alcoholism Coun
selor — Grace Roderick — 207-8532537.
Association of Aroostook Indians —
Alcoholism Counselor — Pious Perley —
207-762-3751.
Central Maine Indian Association —
Alcoholism Counselor — Alfred Dana —
207-269-2653 or 207-866-5577.
�,
Wabanaki Alliance May 1978
Page 11
Indian legend
Official denies
Princess pays price for being too fussy
to settle claims
By Big White Owl
In the ages o f long, long ago, before the
white man came to America, there was a
very beautiful Lenni Lenape Indian princess
upon whom Kitche Manitou, the Great
Spirit, wished to bestow a blessing o f under
standing.
So it came to pass that Kitche Mantou
directed the Princess to the edge o f a large
corn field, waving gently in the breeze.
There a voice spoke to her, saying: “ My
daughter, you are now entering into the
stage of full womanhood, and in the field
before you are many ears o f corn. Listen well
to what I have to tell you.
“Those who will pick good ears o f com,
those who will pluck them in faith and an
honest heart, shall enjoy the essence o f their
magical virtue, and that virtue shall be in
proportion to the size and beauty o f the ear
o f com you choose.”
The Great Spirit continued, saying: “Fair
Princess, you shall pass through the field
but once, and pluck for yourself one ear of
com, and you must grab it as you are going
forward, without stopping or retracing a
single step. I bid you, go forward. Be alert,
be careful. Pick an ear that is fair and full —
as good medicine for the rest of your life.”
The Princess gave thanks to the unseen
Spirit, then set forth on her quest. As she
walked through the field she saw many ears
o f com, large, ripe and tempting. Anyone of
them had enough virtue, but in her selfish
desire and eagerness to get the best, the
Princess passed by the unblemished ears of
com, hoping for one fairer still.
Precious hours passed swiftly.
Soon, deepening shadows spelled the end
o f the special day. The Princess had come to
where ears of corn were of less quality, on
shorter stalks. Regretfully, she recalled the
good ears she’ passed up. But she was
d
proud, and would not pick a poor ear. None
o f them had perfect grain.
Dismayed, the Indian girl walked on, as
the com appeared more motley, blighted
and weak.
Then at long last, the princess, feeling
agony and sorrow, reached the edge o f the
field, and o f night itself. She had not picked
an ear. She had not heeded the Great Spirit,
and alone and forsaken, she knew it was too
late.
But the Indian girl was no coyote to flee
into the night. A brave girl, she returned to
her camp, and built a great fire at her
wigwam. She gathered her best and dearest
friends around the fire, which crackled as
flames leapt toward the star-lit sky. A
crescent moon dodged passing clouds.
She warned her friends not to follow her
footsteps if ever they went on a strange
adventure like her day in the cornfield.
Swept with sadness, the Princess bade her
friends goodnight.
As morning sun awakened the natural
world, the light revealed the Princess’
wigwam empty, her birch bark canoe
nowhere in sight.
And from that distant day to the present,
nobody has discovered where she went after
her tearful farewell, and the story o f lost
opportunity.
But the Indian girl left behind her
hard-earned lessons: Don’ be too proud
t
and too picky: use what is given to you, and
be grateful, for it is enough; don’ wait too
t
long or all satisfaction will escape you.
Nutrition
Notes
Bebe Baumann, 19, a Chippewa Indian, is a member of the Indian Island Young Adult
Conservation Corps. Her mother, Dr. Eunice Baumann-Nelson, right, is head of health and
social services for the Penobscot Nation. [Cartwright Photo]
Fuel bill releif aids many
BOSTON — The problem with efforts by
Maine Indian groups to locate people
eligible for recently-granted Emergency
Energy Assistance funds is that they were
too successful.
Katrinka Adachi, regional director of the
program, said the Maine Indian groups
"have been doing a terrific job.” Adachi is a
member of Boston Indian Council, which is
administering the program.
Adachi said the Maine groups had
worked so efficiently that they found many
more needy people than had been originally
estimated. An additional grant from the
federal Community Services Administration
was requested and received.
The funds were provided to help people
needing assistance in paying their fuel bills,
Adachi said the program was hampered
by a delay in receiving the first check to
cover costs, and by the limited time to seek
eligible Indians.
Nevertheless, she said, Maine workers
were able to help more than 1,000 Indian
families in Maine, providing a total o f
$254,000 in relief.
Bridget Woodward, working on the pro
gram with the Central Maine Indian Asso
ciation, said that at first workers canvassed
areas house by house, but as the deadline
drew near, radio announcements were
broadcast, asking people to come to
recruiting locations.
Households who missed the recruitment
campaign can still apply for assistance from
their local Community Action Program
offices, Adachi said.
H ou sin g official g e t s job
WASHINGTON - Irving Santiago has
been appointed as Special Assistant to the
Secretary for Indian and Alaska Native
Programs.
He will be responsible for coordinating
all program s of the Department of
Housing and Urban Development which
relate to Indian and Alaska native housing
and community development.
Santiago has 1 years experience as
2
housing officer with the Bureau of Indian
Affairs, specializing in Indian Housing
program s funded by HUD and the
Department of the Interior.
By Natalie S. Mitchell
Vitamin B1 (Thiamine) is a water-soluble
vitamin that is not stored in the body.
Functions o f Bl, or Thiamine, are to
maintain good muscle tone, maintain an
adequate appetite, and a feeling o f well
being. It is also essential for proper func
tions o f the nerves and gastro-intestinal
tract (digestive system). Principally, it is
involved in the breakdown o f carbohydrates
in the body, that will be used for heat and
energy.
Deficiency symptoms are signs o f fatigue,
irritability, constipation, poor appetite,
tingling or numbness o f the extremities
(arms and legs). Severe forms o f Thiamine
deficiency are called “ Beri-Beri,” sometimes
seen in alcoholics. Symptoms include “ Poly
neuritis” (Poor nerve reactions, especially in
the hands and legs), swelling, and heart
disease.
Food sources of Thiamine are pork, liver
and other lean meats, dry beans, peas,
peanut butter, eggs, whole grains or
enriched breads and cereals. Daily allow
ances are .5 milligrams per 1000 calories or
1.0 milligrams for an average adult.
Need cited for
education services
ORONO — A local special education
coo rd in a to r sa id Indian h an dicap ped
children should be receiving needed
special education services.
Murray S. Shulman, director of services
for exceptional children with the Veazie
School Department, said the Council for
Exceptional Children in Reston, Va.,
wants Indian children to be eligible for a
full range of special services.
In a recent council newsletter, a report
says “ a vast m ajority” of handicapped
Indian children in Bureau of Indian Affairs
schools “ w ere not receiving the special
education services they needed.”
In August 1977, Congress passed a bill
requiring BIA to allocate $2 million for
sp ecia l education. “ A d v oca tes for
American Indian children have termed
th is C on gression a l action a m a jor
breakthrough in realizing full services,”
the report said.
Shulman said he would be willing to
m eet with persons involved with Maine
Indian schools to discuss special education.
AUGUSTA — Reports that Atty. Gen.
Joseph E. Brennan was ready to settle
Indian land claims case out of court have
been denied by his office, but the headlines
caused speculation on whether the state is
relaxing its stand on the issue.
Brennan reportedly stated he was pre
pared to make an out-of-court settlement at
a recent secret breakfast meeting with
Indian lawyer Thomas N. Tureen and
Governor James B. Longley.
Longiey, who arranged the meeting, said,
“We feel we have a responsibility to all the
people o f Maine to make every effort to
pursue an equitable resolution of this
matter, and the meeting this morning was
designed for the purpose.”
The next morning, however, Brennan
denied the suggestion that he had changed
his position on the issue. “We met and had a
discussion to explore a total federal resolu
tion to the case," he said. “Such a resolution
would mean that no state money and no
state land would go into a settlement. There
has been no change in our posture,” he
added. “We continue to feel that the federal
government should assume the total cost of
an out-of-court settlement.”
Brennan admitted that the meeting repre
sents an effort on the state's part to reach a
resolution out of court before the May 10
negotiating deadline.
Reactions to Brennan's comments were
mixed. Timothy Love, a spokesman for the
Penobscots, said he thought Brennan was
trying to enhance his gubernatorial chances
at the state Democratic convention.
Penobscot tribal governor Nicholas Sapiel
said, “ We will not vary one inch (from the
proposed settlement worked out by the
negotiating team and White House task
force). If they try to get us to go lower, we
will dig in our heels. This is it.”
Walter Pehrson, Penobscot lieutenant
governor added. “ If it goes lower, it will be
the people (of the tribe) who let it.” Any
decision o f the negotiating team must be
ratified by tribal vote.
Sapiel said, “ We would go to court first,
rather than take a lower offer to the tribal
meeting.” He added that he is not on the
negotiating team, but said he hoped "they
will vote the way 1 would. I’m sure they
will.”
Sapiel said he had heard nothing from the
14 landowners who in the proposed settle
ment would turn over land to the tribes. “If
they don’t throw in with the state and don’
t
negotiate, they’ lose a lot more land,” he
ll
said. He was more optimistic about the
proposed $25 million to be voted by Con
gress for the tribes in exchange for their
relinquishing claim to holdings of small
landowners in the claims area. “ Personally,
1think it will go through with no problems,”
Sapiel said.
The meeting between Tureen and the
state came as a surprise to the tribes.
According to Sapiel, “We- knew nothing
about it until after the meeting, when Tom
spoke to the head o f the negotiating team,
Andy Akins, on the phone.”
“Tom kept us in the dark,” Sapiel said.
“ What’s wrong with us?” he asked. “Is
something wrong with the color o f our
skin.”
Fitness p r o g r a m starts
INDIAN ISLAND —
Diane Newell
Wilson has organized a “Trimnastics”
program for women to get in shape.
About 18 persons have joined her Trim
nastics Club so far, and they meet regularly,
Tuesdays and Thursdays at 7 p.m., at the
tribal community building. The sessions are
free, and open to Indians and non-Indians
alike. “ I’ not charging anything because
m
I’ doing it for my people. Anybody’ wel
m
s
come, on or off, Indian or not.”
Wilson also has started a jogging club
that meets weekends. She has ordered
special uniforms for participants.
�Page 12
Wabanaki Alliance May 1978
A flashback to the past
News briefs
Indian calendar printed
The 1978 calendar of Indian fairs, ex
hibits, ceremonials, dances, feasts and other
celebrations is now available, the Bureau of
Indian Affairs announced today.
Most o f the events in the state-by-state
listings occur in the summer or fall months
and are open to tourists and other visitors.
The pocket-size booklet lists more than 500
items, giving the nature o f the activity, dates
and locations.
The booklet also contains some summary
information about Indians in the United
States and the addresses o f Bureau o f
Indian Affairs’ field offices.
The calendar may be obtained for $2.25
from the Superintendent o f Documents,
U.S. Government Printing Office, Wash
ington, D.C. 20402. The stock number is
024-002-00062-4.
Crafts, dance, music set
at C onnecticut pow -w o w
IN FULL REGALIA, these Maine Indians pose for a formal portrait in this early photo
graph, from a collection owned by George M. Mitchell of Indian Island. Persons in the
photo have been identified, front row, from left, Sadie Devoux, Louis Nicholas, Helena
Polchies; and standing, left, Roland Nelson and John (Basehom) Susep. Any information
from readers is welcome. Also, any photos submitted will be handled carefully and returned.
State,owners near accord
(Continued from page 1
)
Tureen said the singling out of the large
landholders is the "only element (of the
proposal), that’ drawn any criticism.” A
s
first portion o f the settlement offer would
clear from lawsuit all property owners with
less than 50.000 acres, in return for a $25
million federal payment.
That agreement, plus the entire nego
tiated settlement, requires Congressional
approval before it could take effect.
Brennan said in a press release that his
meeting with Tureen was “to explore
potential common ground for agreement in
the area of total federal responsibility for the
claim s... I have said all along that 1 have
been willing to talk to anyone about the
case, including representatives of the In
dians,” he said.
Brennan has in the past been unwilling to
discuss the case, and has shunned most
debates with opponents. He said in the press
release that he still believes the state could
win in court.
“We are willing to talk with anybody
about anything,” said Donald Perkins,
lawyer representing nine of the 14 timberland owners in the claims dispute. Contact
ed by telephone at his Portland office.
Perkins said, “Tom (Tureen) and 1 have
talked privately” about an out-of-court
settlement “ I don’ think it would be good
t
for me to speculate about anything,”
Perkins said.
Perkins represents the largest o f the 14
firms, including Great Northern Paper
Co., Diamond International Corp., GeorgiaPacific, and International Paper Co. Asked
about a comment by Great Northern’
s
president that an out-of-court settlement "is
obviously in the best interest o f the people,”
Perkins said: "Those are your words, not
mine.”
If no agreement is reached. Tureen said
the federal government will be obliged to
bring suit against the state and 1
4
landholders, starting June 15. Lesser landowners would be cleared from the suit under
the first part o f the White House settlement
offer, if approved. That partial settlement
would also reduce the claims area to 3.3
million acres in northern Maine.
Tureen commented, “ Its a meritorious
claim, and its a claim that will be settled. If
not. it will be litigated." Tureen has stated
he is confident the negotiated proposal will
win approval, but “we’ not out o f the
re
woods yet," he said.
Tribes form anti-backlash group
WINDOW ROCK, Ariz. — A newlyformed group of 120 Indian tribes, calling
themselves Native American Treaty Rights
Organization, hopes to counteract a white
backlash o f anti-Indian sentiment.
Representatives of tribes from across the
U.S. met at the Navajo reservation in
Arizona to join Navajo tribal chairman
Peter McDonald in a three-day conference
where discussion centered on a wave o f ap
parent racism against Indians, reportedly
spreading across the country.
Maine’ Micmac, Maliseet, Penobscot
s
and Passamaquoddy tribes were not repre
sented at the conference, apparently be
cause tribal leaders had no knowledge o f the
event.
In a New York Times story on the
Window Rock conference, McDonald was
quoted as saying “If you believe what you
read, we are all millionaires. We are taking
back the whole Eastern United States,
starting with Maine and working our way
down the Eastern seaboard. We are destroy
ing tourism in the Northwest by asserting
our fishing rights. We are holding the entire
Southwest hostage with our water rights and
energy resources.”
McDonald continued, “ Americans find it
useful and convenient to believe that
Indians are rich. It wipes out any need to
feel guilt or concern; it provides a justifica
tion for taking our resources, destroying our
tribal sovereignty!'
WASHINGTON, Ct. — Indian crafts,
dance and music, plus guest speakers, are
part o f an Indian forum slated here May 12,
at American Indian Institute. Principal
speakers will be David McAllister, ethnomusicologist at Wesleyan University, and
Del Logan, member o f the Onandaga band
o f the Six Nations. The event is free, and
open to the public.
Journalism w o r k s h o p
BISMARCK, N.D. — A tribal media de
velopment workshop is slated here May
18-19, at United Tribes Educational Tech
nical Center. Among topics on the agenda
include, "W hat’ Good Journalism in
s
Indian Country.” presented by Jeanette
Henry, editor of Wassaja, an Indian news
paper.
M edia talk slated
SAN FRANCISCO — An event billed as a
national Indian media conference is sched
uled May 8-10, at Hotel San Franciscan
here.
The featured speaker will be Yakima
Nation Review editor Richard LaCourse of
Toppenish, Wash. Other speakers and a
series o f workshops are planned, including
sessions on broadcasting, cable TV and
public radio.
Carden seed offer
With today’s high cost o f food why not
put in a garden this year?
The American Indian Services at Brig
ham Young University has an offer: a
vacuum-packed gallon can full o f garden
seeds is being offered to American Indian
families for $7.00 — but worth considerably
more.
Each can contains 16 kinds o f garden
seeds which have been tested to have a ger
minating life span o f five to ten years. The
seeds will plant a half-acre garden plot with
such items as com, peas, beans, squash
(Zucchini), carrots, radishes, cucumbers,
melon, beets, tomatoes, onions and other
vegetables — or save seed over for future
plantings. Indian families from all over the
country have already bought hundreds o f
these cans.
The cans o f seeds can be purchased from :
Dr. Dale Tingey, American Indian Services,
Brigham Young University, Room 234,
HRCB, Provo, Utah 84602. Additional in
formation is available by calling: 801/3741211— Ext. 4364.
Don’ wait — planting time is just around
t
the comer.
This offer endorsed by the Bureau of
Indian Affairs.
Shoshone moke
largest land claim
WASHINGTON - A U.S. Circuit Court
o f Appeals has ruled that Shoshone Indians
in Nevada may have a valid claim to 20
million acres o f ancestral lands in that state.
The Bureau o f Indian Affairs reports that
Shoshone aboriginal title to a full one third
o f Nevada was not extinguished, as was
asserted in an earlier court ruling. Extin
guishment has not been litigated, and "had
not been decided,” the appeals court said.
The 20 million acre suit could affect an
additional 60 million acres in Idaho, Col
orado and Wyoming, BIA said.
White H o u s e te a m to
study C a t a w b a claim
SAN DIEGO, Calif. — The First National
American Indian conference on Alcoholism
and Drug Abuse will be held at the El
Cortez Hotel here May 1
-4.
Sponsored by the American Indian
Training Institute, the program will include
lectures, seminars, workshops, films and
additional offerings focusing on aspects of
alcoholism and drug abuse.
WASHINGTON — A task force has been
formed to develop a proposed legislative
settlement for the Catawba Indian Tribe’
s
South Carolina land claim.
The three-member task force will include
Interior Solicitor Leo M. Krulitz; James
Moorman, Assistant Attorney General; and
Eliot R. Cutler, Associate Director, Office of
Management and Budget. Krulitz and
Cutler were also members o f the Maine
Indian Claims task force which developed
the proposed settlement o f the Passamaquoddy-Penobscot land claims announced
in February.
Both claims are based on the 1790 NonIntercourse Act, which forbade land trans
fers without Congressional approval.
“The Catawba task force will work closely
with the tribe, state officials, the South
Carolina congressional delegation and
others to work out the fairest possible settle
ment plan consistent with the Catawbas’
rights to the land,” said Andrus.
The Interior Department recommended
last August that the Justice Department
begin legal action on behalf o f the tribe to
recover its 140,000-acre reservation.
F oster ca re h elp o f fe r e d
Correction
Urban council to m e e t
KANSAS CITY — The National Urban
Indian Council has set a meeting here, May
14-17, to include speakers, displays, caucus
es, entertainment and presentation of
national Indian leaders. The convention is
planned for urban and off-reservation
Indians.
W o rk s h o p to c o m b a t
drug, alcoh ol a b u s e
All area Indians who need assistance in
matters concerning child welfare, or are
interested in becoming foster parents, or are
having difficulties adapting to off-reserva
tion living, may contact the following
persons for help:
Edna Abelson, Assistant Director, or
Linda Collinson, Research Coordinator;
Foster Care Program, Central Maine Indian
Association, 95 Main Street, Orono, Maine
04473. Telephone (207) 866-5587.
A front page story in last month’
s
Wabanaki Alliance, on lawyer Edward
Bennett Williams and his land claims advice
to the state, was the victim of a typesetter’
s
error. The story implied a source told state
officials to pursue a negotiated, out-of-court
settlement with Indians. Actually, it was
Williams himself who reportedly told Gov.
James B. Longley and Atty. Gen. Joseph E.
Brennan to settle claims without litigation.
�
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
<em>Wabanaki Alliance</em> (May 1978)
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Indian Resource Center
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Passamaquoddy Cultural Museum
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1978-05
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Donald Soctomah
Julia Brush
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Steve Cartwright. Used with permission.
Language
A language of the resource
English
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Document
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pdf
Identifier
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DV-438
-
https://www.dawnlandvoices.org/collections/files/original/8eb25893c6e35b4e0aab365131615e86.pdf
9f8169c697bb19117d86e66f34fb9b5b
PDF Text
Text
Noo-proOl Organization
U.S. Pottage Paid 3.1c
Permit No. 1
4
Orono, Maine
W abanaki
A llia n c e
Published by Diocesan Human Relations Services, Inc.
Wabanaki Alliance, 95 Main Street, Orono, Maine 04473.
May 1980
ADDRESS CORRECTION REQUESTED
40
*
Health center director
suspended six weeks
INDIAN ISLAND — A widening rift
between the tribal governor and health
center director exploded recently with the
suspension of the director, her adminis
trative assistant, and probation status for
three other health center employees.
Gov. Wilfred Pehrson and the Penob
scot tribal council suspended Dr. Eunice
Baumann - Nelson, head of Penobscot
Health and Social Services, and Denise
Mitchell, her assistant, until June 12.
Placed on probation for three months
were tribal nurse Ruth Davis, who has
elected to resign, records clerk Maynard
Krieder, and pediatric nurse practitioner
Phoebe Gray.
Baumann-Nelson and Mitchell were
suspended without pay.
A grievance hearing has been formally
requested through Timothy Love, a tribal
official temporarily placed in charge of the
health center.
Perhson declined comment on the
council action against health center staff,
stating that he did not think it was
“news.” Wabanaki Alliance learned that
Gov. Pehrson and Dr. Baumann-Nelson
have disagreed on many occasions in the
past, in particular regarding an incident
when staff left the premises without
authorization. At the time, Pehrson
(Continued on page 5)
Housing accounts deeply in debt
INDIAN TOWNSHIP and PLEASANT
POINT — The two Passamaquoddy reser
vations are each more than a half million
dollars in the red, Wabanaki Alliance has
learned.
Pleasant Point’ tribal housing author
s
ity fell short by ten units of a planned 40
unit development. Each unit costs about
$70,000.
Indian Township reportedly has cost
overruns totaling about $600,000. The
federal Department of Housing and Urban
Development (HUD), has tentatively
agreed to pay $280,000 of the overruns, on
the basis that this percentage was not the
fault of tribal officials.
The Township has painstakingly recon
structed its bookkeeping and accounts for
housing, to ensure that HUD would
continue its relationship with the tribe.
Pleasant Point Housing Director Clay
ton Cleaves has informed HUD that left
over materials could be sold by the tribe
for construction of a planned additional 20
units. Indian Township Housing Director
George Stevens said units are planned at
the Strip and Peter Dana Point.
A HUD official said that both reser
vations can qualify for additional funds
even though prior accounts are in arrears.
Indian Island is apparently in good
financial shape, with no overruns in the
Penobscot Nation Housing Authority.
“Force account," a procedure by which
tribal housing authorities employed tribal
members in construction, has been a
failure, the HUD official conceded. Some
of the overruns can be laid to force
account, he said.
In the future, housing will be built
through conventional contract with a
developer, the official said.
FIRST CATCH OF SPRING - These guys wasted no time in breaking out their fishing
gear and trying their skiJls on the bass at Indian Township. Pictured from the left are
Dale Newell, Dennis Tomah, Joshua Lake (holding onto his hat with one hand and
fishing pole with the other], Ryan Gabriel, and Jay Malec.
Lack of legal jurisdiction
leaves tribes unprotected
WASHINGTON — At Pleasant Point,
the tribal governor was patroling the
reservation himself, after most of his
police department either resigned in
frustration, or were fired.
At Indian Township, the hands of law
enforcement officers w ere “tied," by the
lack of legal jurisdiction over lesser
crimes.
What is plaguing the tw o Passamaquoddy reservations is the result of the
Sockabasin-Dana case last summer, in
which Maine’ supreme court said Indian
s
lands are not subject to state jurisdiction.
For major crimes, federal authorities
handle jurisdiction, but there is as yet no
mechanism to handle minor offenses.
At Pleasant Point, a rock was thrown
through a resident’ picture window, and
s
the glass door of the public safety
department was smashed. But at least.
Pleasant Point has been working toward a
federally sponsored tribal court, called
“CFR,” or Court of Offenses.
The Township is a different story.
There, residents voted in'a referendum to
continue state jurisdiction on the reserva
tion for a period of several years, but
apparently neglected to determine how
this could be arranged, prior to the vote.
Tribal lawyer Thomas Tureen could not be
reached for comment at press time.
G eorge T. Skibine, a U.S. Bureau of
Indian Affairs (BIA) official, said from his
Washington office that “nobody here
knew that there was some sort of agree
ment between the tribe and the state for
jurisdiction."
BIA Eastern Area Director Harry
Rainbolt, who was in Bangor this month
for a convention, reportedly told the
(Continued on page 8)
Governor rebuts his critics
WHO SAID READING ISN’T FUN — Especially when you’ learning your native
re
language. Jaciuta Altvater, 8, (left] and Renee Altvater, 7, enjoy a Passamaquoddy
legend about the tricky “Espons,” the raccoon.
by Bill O’
Neal
PLEASANT POINT - Tribal Gov.
Robert Newell has publicly defended his
record here, in the wake of several articles
in which tribal mem bers criticized his ad
ministration.
At one point, friction with Newell
became so great that a petition was
proposed seeking removal of the gover
nor. It was not circulated after several
tribal members urged petitioners give
Newell an opportunity to improve.
“It really saddens me that I have to do
this,” Newell said. “I think this is som e
thing internal. It bothers me to have to
rebut this publicly."
Commenting on tribal mem bers’ objec
tions to the number of federal programs
on the reservation and their frequent
failures Newell said. “I agree there are a
lot of failures, but there have been a lot of
success stories, too. These federal pro
grams didn't walk here: we had to go out
and get them to develop talents. You have
to consider the development of Indian
people in the last decade." The primary
purpose of these federal programs has
been to provide employment and training,
he said.
Reservation housing has been the
largest source of employment at Pleasant
Point and has also proved to be the
greatest liability, with cost overruns
plunging the reservation into debt and
causing the layoff of most of the construe(Continued on page 5
)
�Page 2
Wabanaki Alliance May 1980
Poetry
editorials
Accountability
Pleasant Point tribal council and governor Robert Newell have
come under fire recently for allegedly failing to keep tribal members
informed o f decisions being made on their behalf. They have been
accused o f not being available to answer questions people have about
tribal concerns and programs.
Governor Newell, in a rebuttal to his critics (printed elsewhere in
this issue) said he regrets having to go public with his comments. It is
this very attitude o f secrecy that prom pted critics to consider a
petition for his removal.
At this point drafters o f that petition have suspended it, waiting to
see if governor and council will becom e more responsive to their
needs. We feel the governor’ facing them publicly is a step in the
s
right direction.
Loggerheads
Unity, harmony, working together. These are easy words to mouth,
but much harder to put into practice. Indian culture has the
reputation o f teaching calm, effective interaction. This does not
mean peace always prevails.
War has broken out between the Governor’s office at Indian
Island, and the Penobscot Health and Social Services Department.
The apparent fued between Gov. Wilfred Pehrson and Dr. Eunice
Baumann-Nelson may at its core be no m ore than a personality
conflict. W e’re not taking sides, but we hope the adversary factions
can resolve their differences.
Nobody should allow disruption o f medical and social services to
tribal members. However, this on-going flap between the health
clinic and tribal government has already jeopardized services.
We don't know whether suspending the clinic director and her
assistant, plus putting several staff on probation threatens Indian
Health Service funding. We do know that Pehrson’ action brought
s
morale at the health center to a record low.
The clinic staff has vowed to stick together, and a grievance will be
filed. We don’ know if there is merit to the Governor and council’
t
s
complaints about the director and staff. He chose not to disclose the
matter to the press.
Whatever the complaints, to demoralize the entire staff o f the
health center seems unwarranted. All parties should seek to remedy
the situation immediately.
®
Dear Mother —
I love you —
and m iss you —
I’ sorry for
m
what I said
Mother Dear
you can’ take
t
back what was
said —
Dear Mother
I hope you
forgive —
P.S. H ove you —
Diane Newell Wilson
Untitled
0 native American, how did you view the life of your Mother?
Why did you take sparingly of nature’ supply?
s
Only for your ultimate gain, assuring later harvests?
Or did you truly respect Earth’ children in all their forms?
s
What ran w e learn from you that will soften our materiality—
That will enrich the qualities of our close environment—
Will sharpen our focus on our neighbor and brother?
What spiritual insights did you have which surpass our glitter?
Insights worthy of sincere respect, of emulation, not destruction.
Will you share your knowing as I seek with honesty?
Judith Schmidt, 1979
The People first
lems, and can be valuable to the on-going
by Sky Owl
life of the community and its accomplish
Penobscot Nation
ments. The grow ing population has creat
As long as elected officials and repre
sentatives need large sums of m oney to ed problem s that demand the utmost
achieve and retain office, this pow er will technical and social skill to resolve,
t
not diminish on planning major changes, it because these problems won’ resolve
themselves. They must be faced before
will only frustrate efforts to change.
they spawn others that in time envelop
To overcome this people must volun
tarily organi2e to make known and get the and destroy the community.
Community: an area in which people
kind of living conditions they would
with common culture share common
prefer.
Decisions are being made “for” people interest.
Voluntary boards and com mittees are
rather than “by” people, a large propor
tion of changes benefit a privileged sector. less subject to bureaucratic characteris
tics and are more successful: they are free
People need to b e part of the decision
making process, to recognize their value of domination and they will outnumber
bureaucrats in decision-making by putting
and rally to their own support.
Boards and committees should be made the needs of people above the survival of
the bureaucracies.
up of community-minded people, selected
T h e com m u nities, co m m itte e s and
by the people . . . not the same people on
boards that are dominated by a single
all boards and committees.
pow er structure will breed jealousy, frus
The development of a cooperative spirit
tration, hatred, discouragement.
is needed for dealing with common prob
F iddleh eads
Politics, the sagging economy, getting older and other ponderous
problems, what do they matter when measured against the fabled
fiddlehead?
Fiddleheading time has com e again to Maine, and the old Indian
tradition (long ago adopted by the white man) flourishes. While other
customs may languish, the quest o f these furled ferns continues
unabated.
In some cases, money is a motive, although nobody has made their
fortune picking the little green fiddles, which require hours of
picking to fill a burlap sack. It’ old fashioned backbreaking toil, the
s
kind your grandfather would say is “good for you.’ O f course, old
pros know that if you wet down your fiddleheads, they weigh just a
tad more ...
Most fiddleheaders, however, pick for the love o f it. They love the
outing, the picking, and the eating. Add butter, a little salt pork
maybe, and fry. Or steam. The aroma awakens the fiddlehead apetite
that lay dormant all winter. Spring is here, the river recedes from its
banks, and those cheerful green leprechauns poke their heads up
through the mud, branches and last year’ leaves.
s
Heading out at dawn by canoe is the best way to stalk the elusive
fiddlehead. The sweet fern is a little sonnet, a May minuet. Behold
the fiddlehead.
Mother
Mother Dear —
I’ sorry for
m
what w e two
said —
Behold the fiddlehead.
�Wabanaki Alliance May 1980
Page 3
letters
A Cherokee's life
South Casco
To the editor:
I am writing this letter to you in appre
ciation for the months you have sent me
the Wabanaki news.
Although my heritage is not of the
Indians of Maine, my interest is high in
the folklore of all the Indian tribes. I am
Cherokee and have a proud heritage as
you well know. My father was born in
Baton Rouge, La., as w ere his brothers (2
)
and one sister. He was brought up as best
he could be by his people. When but a
young boy he and his father and mother
and brothers migrated to Louisville, Ky.
Here his father learned to make bricks
and eventually had his own brickyard. My
father got some education (formal) in
Louisville and eventually left home to go
to work selling surgical supplies for
American Surgical Supply Co.
He came to Maine in his travels and
went to work for Armour Co., Portland.
Me. He met my mother, a high school
student about to graduate, class of 1906
and they, after a lengthy courtship by
today’ standards married on New Year’
s
s
Eve 1914. I made my advent Sept. 13,
1919.
Among the artifacts and other momentos I have come across or have been told
about is a rather singular fact that my
great-great grandmother on my father's
side lived 1,650 moons or, as I have
figured out approximately 127 years if a
moon is as I assume, 28 days. This, I have
been told, made her the oldest living
Indian woman on record.
I admire the long life of Rev. F. C.
Slayton, age 110 and a chief of the
Cherokee tribe from Oklahoma. I read his
note to Wabanaki editor this a.m. Con
gratulations to him and his young bride of
7
8!
I am 60 years old, in excellent health at
this time and if the Great Spirit will look
with favor upon me I may have inherited
longevity also.
My father died at the age of 67 from
tobacco mosaic, a blood disease contracted
from overindulgence in smoking. It was at
the time of his death considered a form of
aggravated cancer of the blood.
Wabanaki Alliance
I was brought up by my grandparents, a
strick Anglican family of Scotch-English
background. These w ere my m other’
s
people. I want to g o on record in agree
ment with the lady who has brought up a
Sioux Indian boy — you don’ have to be
t
brought up by an Indian family to be a
good Indian. I feel that if one can follow
the teachings of any good family and ulti
mately pray, as in the Indian Prayer of the
January issue of Wabanaki news, that
displacement is of little importance.
I’ had my successes and failures, my
ve
victories and defeats and exposure to life
in general. What I learned from my
grandfather, grandmother, mother and
father stood by me when I needed to
review my childhood counseling.
I am definitely in favor o f the perman
ent establishment of Maine Indian land
claims area as a site to perpetuate Indian
philosophy, language, arts, crafts and
philosophy of living. The Indians have a
beautifully simple and sincere approach to
life and its problems and are perfectly able
to survive even in today’ highly technical
s
civilization or society.
I submit this letter to you in respect for
your sacrifices in the past in the media and
hope that success in the future will enable
you to continue to publish Wabanaki
Alliance.
Richard H. McKinney
The goings-on
Dan forth
To the editor:
I have been receiving Wabanaki Alli
ance since it has started and I enjoy it
very much, this is the only way I can hear
what is going on at the reservations and I
live only 35 miles from one of them, so
please keep sending.
Geraldine Tomah Oliver
Priceless
To the editor:Wabanaki Alliance is priceless, and that
says it all. Keep up the wonderful work.
Marge Hammond
Vol. 4, No. 5
May 1980
Published monthly by the Division of Indian Services [D1S] at the Indian Resource Center,
95 Main St., Orono, Maine 04473. Telephone [207] 866-4903. Typeset by Old Town/Oronc
Times. Printed by Ellsworth American.
Member — Maine Press Association
Steven Cartwright, Editor
William O ’
Neal, Associate Editor
Mary T. Byers
Brenda Polchies
Roberta Richter
Kathy Tomah
Reporters
Indian Island
Houlton
Pleasant Point
Indian Township
Phone 827-4543
Phone 532-7317
Phone 853-4654
Phone 796-2301
SHOVING OFF — Penobscot tribal members, with bags and buckets to fill, head up the
Penobscot River in search of fiddlehead ferns. The delicacy is plentiful on the river’
s
islands, where Indians only are allowed to pick them. May is fiddlehead month.
Devastation
Mattawamkeag
T o the editor:
Today I am deeply concerned for
Indian people. W e are being exposed to
a terrible disease. One that can be fatal
to us as a people. I am not sure how it
became active, but I am aware of a few
situations that prom ote it. The major
promoter is the non-Indian community.
It is a predominate belief in
“America” to day that you must be only
an individual and you must be con
cerned only for your needs. Millions of
“Americans” go to work daily with the
attitude being imposed upon us. We
must be very careful with this situation
because it lends support to another
situation. That is, the life support
system that we depend on: "federal
funding.'fYn order to be “eligible" we
must comply with regulations. And we
are constantly being advised by T e d s ’
that there is not enough money for all
Indians, so we must regulate out some
of the less desirable. Consequently, we
impose “definition” upon our people.
Definitions that separate us from each
other. Definitions that say a Passamaquoddy or Penobscot quarter blood is
more Indian than a Micmac or Maliseet
quarter blood, or that a quarter blood
Maliseet is more Indian if he or she is a*
member of the Houlton band. And the
divisions go on and on. The result being
that the strength of Indian people, the
strength of a tribe and the strength of
the families are ultimately devastated,
and we are reduced to only a group of
individuals that have only history in
common^
Unless we innoculate ourselves now
with large doses of caring for one
another we will become consumed by
society and eliminated as a people.
Tom Vicaire
Keep in touch . . .
Understanding Indians
Poughkeepsie. N.Y.
To the editor:
I would like to thank the Wabanaki
Alliance for the wonderful and much
appreciated assistance your paper gave
me with my research paper I was writing
on the Maine Indian land claims issue. My
report was very successful.
However, more importantly than this, I feel, is that in reading the Wabanaki
Alliance I have been made aware of the
real human struggles and triumphs of the
Indian peoples. Your paper portrays the
Indian situation in such a way that the
reader is filled with a deep admiration and
understanding for what it means to be an
Indian attempting to survive in today’
s
fastpaced, “barbaric" world. Stripped of
the violent or romantic stereotypes of the
past, the Indian situation is a desperate
and poignant one which warrants more
concerned public attention and involve
ment. However, I realized that therein lies
one of your greatest problems: most
people do not care, nor do they want to get
involved. Although I am a very patriotic
American, I am saddened and disillusion
ed by how often America falls short of its
freedom and equality ideals. The Indians
are just one example of a group of people
who are suffering because their needs are
often overlooked by the government.
All I want to say here is that I feel for
the Indians and their “cause." I think you
are a strong and proud breed of people.
Keep fighting for what is rightfully
yours! I'm with you all the way on the land
claims case! You deserve every part and
parcel of it.
Please accept this coniribulion and
continue my subscription to the W
’ahanaki
Alliacne so that I can keep abreast of the
Indian situation.
Catherine Robbins
Vassar College
Subscribe now!
M AIL T O W AB A N A K I ALLIANCE, 95 M AIN ST R EE T. O R O N O , M A IN E 04473
W A B A N A K I A L L IA N C E S U B S C R I P T IO N F O R M
DIS Board of Directors
Jean Chavaree |chairman]
Carroll Stevens, Central Maine Indian Assoc.
Albert Dana, Tribal Councilor
Timothy Love, Representative to State Legislature
Jeannette Neptune, Community Development Director
Jeannette LaPIante. Central Maine Indian Assoc.
Clair Sabattis, Assn, of Aroostook Indians
Brenda Polchies, Assn, of Aroostook Indians
Indian Island
Orrington
Indian Township
Indian Island
Indian Township
Old Town
Houlton
Houlton
DIS is an agency of Diocesan Human Relations Services, Inc. of Maine. Subscriptions to
rhi-e newspaper are available by writing to Wabanaki Alliance, 95 Main St., Orono, Me.
04473. Diocesan Human Relations Services and DIS are a non-profit corporation. Contri
butions are deductible for income tax purposes. Rates: $5 per year [12 issues]; $6 Canada
and overseas; S10 for institutions [schools, government, business, etc.]
(Make checks payable to Wabanaki Alliance)
I EN CLOSE:
$5 for one year
(Individual— U.S.)
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(Canada)
Street
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�Page-4
W ahanaki
Alliance May 1980
Will Wabanaki Indians share Black Hills fate?
by Freeman A. Morey
“Whatever befalls the earth befalls the
people of the earth. Humans did not
weave the web of life, we are merely a
strand in the web. Whatever we do to the
web we do to ourselves . . . tribe follows
tribe and nation follows nation like the
waves of the sea. It is the order of nature
and regret is useless. Your time of decay
may be distant, but it will surely come, for
even the whites whose God walked and
talked with them as friend to friend,
cannot be exempt from the common
destiny.
We may be family after all. W e will
see.”
Chief Sealth (Seattle)
1855 (translated)
“Whatever befalls the earth befalls the
people of the earth.”
These words, spoken well over a
hundred years ago, ring as true today as
they did yesterday. They will be even
more relevant tomorrow.
As we enter the 80’ war, hunger and
s
disease are taking a “back seat” to the
ever-growing and equally as dangerous
problem of nuclear and industrial pollution
and its effect on our environment.
Even now “acid rain” is falling on our
lakes and forests, and our green woods
and fields are being sprayed by all sorts qf
“pest” control chemicals.
Our brothers and sisters in the Black
Hills of South Dakota are fighting a tooth
and claw battle to prevent the beautiful
countryside they live in from becoming an
uninhabitable wasteland due to the rav
ages of uranium mining.
The “Black Hills Alliance International
Survival Gathering” July 18-27 in the
Black Hills) is trying to raise the level of
awareness of both the Indian and white
• communities.
Several interesting facts to consider
about the problem of uranium mining and
production are as follows:
1. The damaging health effects of low
level and high level radiation are not
reversible.
2. Exploring for uranium is a process of
drilling thousands of holes as much as
10,000 feet through underground rock
layers releasing deadly radon gas and
other radioactive materials into the water
and air.
3. Uranium milling waste is ore called
“tailings." These sand-like particles are 85
percent as radioactive as the original ore.
These millions of tons of w astes release
radon gas for 800,000 years.
4. Near the Cheyenne River in Edgemont. South Dakota, there are 7.5 million
tons of radioactive materials and mill
tailings, which release radon gas. In 1962,
200 tons of radioactive materials spilled
into the Cheyenne River and washed 25
miles downstream until they sank into
Angostura Reservoir. There has never
been any clean-up or concern shown for
the health and safety of the people who
drink this water.
The tailings at Edgemont are still
blowing in the wind and being washed
away by rain and snow.
5. A Pine Ridge, South Dakota, prelim
inary study by Women of All Red Nations
indicate alarming increases in birth de
fects, spontaneous abortions and cancer
deaths they believe are linked to the
contamination of the water supply by
radiation and chemical wastes.
6. The Tennessee Valley Authority has
reported that it will use at least 675
gallons of water per minute for its mineral
development. This destroys the natural
aquifers (an aquifer is an underground
water bearing rock formation) of the area
mined. T.V.A. admits that one of.its mines
will dewater the Lakota Nation’ aquifer
s
in 35 years or less.
BLACK HILLS ALLIANCE
Although much fussing and reporting is
done on nuclear power plant accidents, the
pollution involved is minute compared to
the daily release of uranium dust and gas
that is expelled from the uranium mines
via ventillation culverts.
If you missed the television special “The
Uranium Factor” I strongly urge you to
see it if it ever plays again.
Just the sight of many different mines,
most working 24 hours a day, and dis
charging clouds of radioactive dust
through ventilator pipes 2 or 3 feet across
are enough to drive home the extent of the
danger present.
What’ especially eye-opening is the
s
fact that this radioactive dust and gas
rides the wind, rain and snow in a easterly
direction, mingling with the pollution of
the Eastern factory towns to fall on our
beloved lakes and woods. We are not
mining uranium nor can our factory towns
com pete with the industrial pollution of
Detroit, Pittsburg, Chicago or any of the
other large industrial areas in the country.
Yet, it is us the acid rain falls on, not just
them. We can sit here in Maine (or the
Northeast in general) and think we have
clean water and woods we so proudly
refer to as “Vacationland.”
If the neglect of the dangers of radio
active and industrial waste continue as
they are today then the new name for
Maine will be “Wasteland.”
As greedy people are trying to exploit
the Black Hills for the “m oney” that lies
deep in the ground, so are the.same kind
of people trying to make themselves
richer by destroying our woodlands. In my
opinion the real reason behind the Spruce
Budworm Spraying is money, pure and
simple. Instead of letting nature take its
course and accepting the budworm for
what it is, the larger paper companies are
crying that we need more wood now, and
that they don’ have enough money to pay
t
for the spraying so the government (us)
have to carry the load. The fact is that
America does need wood. But, is it worth
the millions of dollars for spraying, plus
the harvesting cost, plus the chemical
pollution of our land. If we let the
budworm run its course it will go away in
a few years by itself, but this is too long to
wait for those who want money now.
What will they say when they have
developed a “super budworm’ that can t
be killed?
Throughout history, no group of people
have ever tried harder to adapt the land to
their needs rather than adapting to the
earth’ needs more than the rich and
s
powerful. When will the large industrial
pow ers realize that not only will their
workers perish but they themselves will
finally feel the sting of earth’ rebuttal of
s
their ways?
In my opinion the “status quo” has
always been the rich letting the poor live
in squalor and die so the rich can get
richer. Today, however, the scene is
changing, th e poor are still suffering to
serve the rich and rich still want more.
But, the “m ore” that they want will be the
downfall of us all. Yesterday’ hardships
s
of coal mining, field work and factory
labor are a drop in the bucket compared to
the dangers of radioactive and industrial
wastes.
When the pollution level reaches a
certain height there will be no turning
back for poor and rich alike. Radiation in
the air will not be contained like coal dust.
Even the big white house on the hill is
subject to air pollution just like the rest of
us.
Change is the natural process. If we are
not to die out as a species we must change
our actions and stop killing ourselves. If
we don’ the earth will make the change
t
for us and destroy us all. If this is to be, I
for one hope it com es soon, so the rest of
the plant and animal life m ight have a
chance to start again.
We must first identify the enemy
correctly. The enemy of the Indian is not
the white man, the enemy of the white
man is not the Indian.
Greed, apathy and unwillingness to give
a little now to reap a lot later are our real
enemies. Everywhere around us we see
examples of people working unnecessarily
dangerous jobs because they simply need
the money.
Let us realize that it is the greedy,
money and power hungry people that are
the enemy of us all. The idea that any one
race is responsible for our troubles is
ridiculous. Nuclear and industrial waste
dangers are not a scare or a myth. They
tell us the pesticides sprayed on our
woods are not harmful to man. That’ the
s
same story they told about “Agent
Orange” to our soldiers in Viet Nam.
Truthfully, if we sit back and do nothing
when we are aware of the severity of the
problems that face us, then we, yes we,
are our own worst enemies.
Navajo Nation opposes
federal relocation scheme
WINDOW ROCK, Arizona — Indian
health officials have warned the federal
government that eviction of thousands of
Navajo Indians from their Arizona reser
vation “presents a clear and present
threat to the mental and emotional
stability of the relocatees," according to a
press release from Navajo tribal govern
ment.
Dr. Martin Topper, an anthropologist
with the mental health branch of Indian
Health Service (IHS), said studies show
6,000 Navajo men, and women and
children facing relocation are showing “an
unusually high evidence” of serious
mental and emotional health problems. He
said the pending relocation bill will sig
nificantly add to their stress, the press
release stated.
Topper said Navajos waiting to be
evicted from their homeland because of a
land dispute with the Hopi Indians are
using government mental health facilities
on the Navajo Reservation. He said
depression among potential “relocatees” is
three times the average for the rest of the
Navajo Tribal leaders and others work
ing on the reservation are worried that
the congressionally-mandated eviction
will destroy the cultural fabric that ties
the Navajos together as a people, a tribal
spokesman said.
Navajo Tribal Chairman Peter Mac
Donald, who has been fighting the relo
cation plan from the beginning, urged
Congress not to proceed “with this in
human mandate, particularly in view of
these medical reports. The Navajo people
are sick at heart because they cannot
understand why Congress and the federal
government would want this to happen,”
he said.
Anti-nucleor rally
includes Indians
WASHINGTON -r- A massive demon
stration against use and development of
nuclear power in this country took place
here April 26, and a number of Indian
tribes w ere represented. Upholding In
dian treaties was one plank of the “anti
nuke” platform at the rally, that included
groups such as Black Hills Alliance of
South Dakota (a coalition of Indians and
non-Indians). Several Penobscots from
Indian Island attended, including Lorraine
Nelson, Martin Neptune and others. Folksinger Pete Seeger was among perform
ers. A longtime anti-nuclear activist, he
has for years supported Indians and their
causes.
SOME THINGS NEVER CHANGE - Pleasant Point youngsters Timmy Moore [left]
and Scooby Stanley spend the afternoon perfecting an ancient skill.
�Wabanaki Alliance May 1980
Page 5
Commentary
In su pport o f claim s p rop osa l
by William C. Bullock, Jr.
I would like to offer the following
comments supporting the ratification by
our State House of Representatives and
Senate of the proposed land claims settle
ment.
The original ten tative settlem e n t
agreed upon several years ago called for a
financial payment of approximately $50
million from the federal government or
approximately $112 an acre. The current
package of $80 million works out to a per
acre cost in the neighborhood of approxi
mately $180 which, when one considers
the compounding of double digit inflation
and the increasing land values, does not
appear to be out of line.
The people of Maine and the Indian
people are indeed the innocent parties
here of an action that took place almost
200 years ago, with the real burden lying
upon the federal government. The federal
government got us into this can of worms
and it’ their responsibility to get us out.
s
Unlike the western states we have
never received any federal funds for our
Indian people from the Bureau of Indian
Affairs, and I look upon part of the $80
million from the federal government as
funds justly due our state for reimburse
ment of the financial cost that we have
paid for the human service needs of our
Indians over this period of time. Is $80
million such a substantial sum for a federal
government with a budget approaching
3 of a trillion dollars to pay a state with
As
one of the lowest per capita family
incomes in our nation to prevent it from
suffering the dire economic consequences
of a long and protracted court action or
the possibility again of our state and its
political subdivisions not having access to
the debt markets or people not being able
to buy and sell real estate?
While I am familiar with the state’
s
case, which does appear to be a strong
one, with a tremendous amount of
historical background and convincing legal
doctrines prepared by our attorney gen
eral’ staff over the last decade with
s
further help from outside counsel, the
facts are: we have yet to win in any
preliminary opinions in the courts. The
costs and uncertainties of a protracted
court trial, to me, are just not worth the
risk. .
The opponents to the settlement argue
that the 9,500 Indian claims pending in
Congress will likely result in congres
sional action abolishing aboriginal rights
of the American natives. This, to me, is a
ridiculous argument and wishful thinking. Bruce Francis, left, head of Passamaquoddy Forestry Department, battles a brush fire
Can you imagine the effects on the foreign with forester Russell Roy, at Indian Township. The blaze was quickly extinguished. The
policy of our country which has continued tribal fire engine was unable to assist due to mechanical problems.
to expound the subject of human rights as
one of our m ost important policies?
Lastly, there is concern regarding the
jurisdictional question of laws on Indian
lands. In this regard, the proposed
settlement worked out by Attorney
General Cohen will give our state much
greater control and jurisdiction than any
other state in the country over our Indian
people.
(Continued from page 1)
he said he is “still planning on doing it:
In order for our state to prosper in the
'80s, it is imperative that we get this land tion work force. Housing critics have hopefully in the near future.” He said ihe
charged that the tribe should not have major holdup in establishing the office is a
claims problem solved as soon and as ex
agreed to bear the cost of any overruns lack of space in the community building.
peditiously as possible.
Editor’ note: Mr. Bullock is president when the housing contract was made with Eugene Francis is being considered to run
s
of Merrill Trust Co. His comments are Department of Housing and Urban D e the office, Newell said, “if he wants to and
feels he can do it
excerpted from a speech last March. velopment (HUD).
Answering another complaint, Newell
According to Newell, “The only way we
According to Merrill bank officials, their
bank is the only one “to have publicly could get the force account project, was to denied that he or council circumvents the
agree to accept any deficits.” Under the personnel department in hiring and firing
come out in support of a fair and immedi
force account the tribe served as contrac employees. "Short-cut hiring only occurs
ate resolution to the claims.”
tor and was primarily responsible for for CETA (Comprehensive Employment
building the houses. As such, it was able and Training Act) projects, when we need
to hire reservation labor, and increased to fill a slot to avoid losing
He
denied rumors that it is common practice
employment to around 75 percent. “With
out federal programs, how would that for monies to be shifted from a healthy
program to foundering ones to keep them
(reservation employment) be,” he asked.
Newell blamed bureaucratic red tape going. “All of our programs have audits,"
and former project director, Robert he said.
The conflict over who has final author
Critics have accused Newell of fre
Bundy, for the overruns and consequent
ity at the health center has yet to be indebtedness. According to Newell, the quently being absent from his job and not
resolved. Pehrson reportedly maintains tribe foresaw a debt of $600,000 and asked being there to deal with questions and
that he is Baumann-Nelson’ superior, and HUD for extra mone/; however, HUD problems tribal members have. While nots
she is his employee. Dr. Baumann-Nelson projected a deficit of only $200,000 with denying his absences, Newell said the
also declined public comment.
the result that the tribe went into debt pressure of his office necessitated it. “At
One source close to the clinic's director and failed to complete the project.
the beginning of the job (as governor) I
said “it’ politics.”
s
“We have failed in building 40 homes, worked so hard that I got emotionally and
Another source commented, “I can't but we have built 30. and we’ negotiated physically sick," he said, "I finally had to
ve
believe they did this. It was not done completing the remaining 10 homes,” take a week off. When I came back, there
w ere so many people in my office with so
accorind to the policy and procedure” of Newell said.
the health and social services department,
Newell maintained that the failures many problems, I had to leave again. I
have worked hard all my life for the tribe.
which is funded through federal Indian have been a necessary part of the develop
Newell said in the last week he has been
ment of talent on the reservation and pre
Health Service.
Many observers w ere surprised that dicted that things would improve. “The working both night and day. Because ot
Gray, Kreider and Davis w ere placed on failures are due to inexperience. W e are recent firings and resignations on the
probation. Various undisclosed complaints getting more Indian people graduating police force, he said he has had to patrol
w ere lodged, but health center sources each year,” he said.
the reservation at night. “It's lonely work,
scoffed at the nature of the complaints.
Another area of complaint surrounds and that's the way I feel — alone. Alone. 1
Krieder acknowledged that he spoke out tribal competition with private businesses am virtually useless. My critics are
critically at a meeting. “The real thrust of on the reservation. Most vocal has been welcome to come help.”
it (the council action) was at Eunice and reservation resident Ralph Dana, who
Denise,” one source confirmed.
alleges that his trucking business has
Those suspended and those put on underbid the tribally run Tribal Trucking.
probation learned of their status first
Inc. on several occasions, yet not received
through the “grapevine,” and only later tribal contracts. Newell commented, “It
received notification by letter, one source
may be true what Ralph said, but
said.
payments on the trucks still had to be
Morale was low this month at the health
made.” He added that, during the first
center.
phase of force account housing, the tribe
In other clinic business, supervisor of incurred overruns of $100,000 and that
contract care Alan Sanborn, a Penobscot,
money earned by Tribal Trucking, Inc.
has been promoted to deputy director of was used to pay back a loan to cover the
Penobscot Health and Social Services,
debt.
replacing Paul W. Buckwalter who re
Alleged failure of governor and council
signed earlier this year.
to keep the tribe informed of financial
matters has also been charged. Newell
said that “after listening to some people, I
decided to set up a department with a
person to explain finances to anyone
interested." Although several months
Pleasant Point Governor Robert Newell
have elapsed since he first suggested this.
Health center staff
suspended six weeks
(Continued from page 1
)
ordered those staff members involved
fired, but Baumann-Nelson overturned
the order.
HAND CARVED INDIAN CRAFTS
Totem poles, Wabanaki war clubs,
canes, miniature totem poles, carved
letter openers with Indian heads. Also
some jewelry.
For more information call Claude
Dennis at 1-207-827-7674 or write to
Stan Neptune, 111 Oak Hill, Indian
Island, Old Town, Maine 04468.
Governor responds
to his critics
�Page 8
Wabanaki Alliance May 1980
Reservations face
iurisdictional void
(Continued from page 1
)
Passamaquoddies at the Township that
there is no way state jurisdiction could be
applied to Indian territory of a federally
recognized tribe.
The question of jurisdiction at Indian
Township was argued at a recent m eeting
of tribal officials, Rainbolt, Skibine,
Tureen and others in Washington. Skibine
said the Department of the Interior
solicitor’ office ruled that state juris
s
diction cannot be used at Indian Town
ship.
A ruling written by Skibine appeared in
the Federal Register, and said in part:
“There is an urgent and compelling need
for judicial and law enforcement services
on the Pleasant Point and Indian Town
ship Indian reservations . . . justice is no
longer effectively administered under
state laws and by state law enforcement
authorities on either reservation.
“The withdrawal of these services has
left a void in the law and order program in
the two areas and could have serious
effect on the safety of their residents,"
Skibine wrote.
Indian Township police officer Darryl
Nicholas — the only officer with a nowrequired federal commission — said “the
officers, they’ all shook up about it.
re
What’ the sense of working?"
s
Skibine said “the tribe can always get
out of CFR (Code of Federal Regulations)
court if it wants to.” He also said that as
soon as Pleasant Point’ court is in
s
operation, it could handle Indian Town
ship cases.
Penobscots at Indian Island held their
first session of tribal court Dec. 13, 1979.
Obituaries
Indian boy
drow ns
ORNEVILLE — Three-year-old Willis
Pearl, son of Penobscot Indian, Catherine
Tomer Pearl, and Willis Pearl Sr., lost his
life in the waters of a stream. May 6.
The father has a heart condition and is
disabled, the mother is unemployed.
Donations to help m eet expenses for the
Bradford couple should be addressed to
Central Maine Indian Association, 95 Main
St., Orono, maine 04473. Already, the
Penobscot Nation at Indian Island has
agreed to donate $600.
WILLIS R. PEARL JR.
BRADFORD — Willis R. Pearl Jr., 3,
died unexpectedly at Orneville, May 6,
1980.
He was born at Milo, Dec. 3, 1976, the
son of Willis and Catherine (Tomer) Pearl.
Surviving, besides his parents of Brad
ford, are his paternal grandmother, Julia
Marshall of Bradford: maternal grand
mother, Margaret Neptune of Indian
Island; great-grandparents, Clarence and
Violet Francis of Indian Island; several
aunts and uncles. Funeral services were
held at the Lary Funeral Home in Milo the
Rev. Ann Stead officiating.
Burial will be in Hillside Cemtery,
Bradford.
Neptune, dead at 79,
respected dancer
by Ruby Richter
Area Reporter
PLEASANT POINT — James A. Nep
tune, a Passamaquoddy, died May 2. He
was respected in the tribe for his dancing,
craftsmanship, pride in being Indian, and
patience in teaching children.
He contributed many of his talents to
the Indian community. For many years he
worked in basket making, canoe building,
snowshoe making, moccasin and costume
making complete with intricate bead work
done by himself, in a way which gives
one a feeling of exultant joy, pride and
happiness.
In his younger years he worked in
Kennebunkport and later worked in the
woods, and at Chebeague Island, as care
taker, during the summer.
He helped his father working as a chef
in different summer resorts. He was also a
baseball player during his earlier years.
He had his own unique way of Indian
dancing.
H e hunted seals when there was a
bounty on them many years ago.
He worked on the Quoddy Dam initiat
ed by President Roosevelt.
He taught the young people the Indian
Dance by doing it with them. One had to
have strong muscular coordination to be
able to imitate his way of dancing.
JAMES A. NEPTUNE
PLEASANT POINT — James Augus
tine Neptune, 79, died May 2, 1980, at an
Eastport hospital after a long illness.
He was born at Pleasant Point July 6,
1900. He worked in the woods and was
active in Indian dances held at the reser
vation each year on special occasions. He
is survived by three sons, James Neptune
Jr. of Cambridge, Mass.; Sebattis of Eastport; Roy of Pleasant Point; one daughter,
Gloria Kelley of Portsmouth, Va.; several
grandchildren. A Mass of Christian burial
was celebrated at St. Ann’ Catholic
s
Church, with the Rev. Joseph Mullen,
S.J., officiating. Interment will be in the
Tribal Cemetery, Pleasant Point.
History in the m aking
His reflection visible in the shiny desk top, Gov. Joseph Brennan signs the Maine Indian
land claims act last month, in Augusta, following rapid passage in the House and Senate
by the Legislature. Looking on are legislators and m em bers of the Indian negotiating
team, from left: Allen Sockabasin, tribal Gov. R obert Newell, Joseph Nicholas, House
Speaker John Martin, Andrew Akins, Atty.-Gen. Richard Cohen, G eorge Stevens
[behind Cohen], Rep. Gerard Conley, Senate President Joseph Sewall, Sen. Samuel
Collins, Guy Phillips, Clayton Cleaves, tribal Gov. Harold Lewey, Carl Nicholas.
Tribal gro u p b ack s land claim s
BANGOR — A unanimous resolution
was passed this month supporting nego
tiated settlement of the Penobscot-Passamaquoddy land claims, at. a three-day
convention of United South and East
Tribes (USET).
The proposed 300,000 acre settlement
— with an $81.5 million price tag — has
been approved by the Maine Legislature
and is currently pending before Congress.
The appointment of Maine’ senior
s
Senator, Edmund S. Muskie, to the office
of Secretary of State, may or may not
affect the Congressional delegation’ ad
s
vocacy of the claims package. Muskie’
s
replacem en t, fed era l J u d g e G e org e
Mitchell of Bangor, was not seen by tribal
leaders as causing any major shift.
Mitchell as senator is expected to support
the negotiated settlement.
Meanwhile, state Sen. Andrew Red
mond of Madison is circulating a petition
opposing the claims settlement. The tribes
originally sought 12.5 million acres
through tribal lawyer Thomas Tureen.
In other U SET action, the Pleasant
Point Passamaquoddy Tribe was formally
admitted as members of the group. Indian
CATHERINE [SOCOBY] LORING
BANGOR —
Katherine Socoby, a
Passamaquoddy, died here May 15,
following a lengthy illness.
A native of Pleasant Point, she leaves
tw o sons, Lester Purdy of Indian Town
ship, and George Purdy of Lemont, Il
linois; and a brother, Russell Socoby of
PLEASANT POINT — Molly Newell
Houlton.
and Cather Lewey w ere among twentyDetails will appear in next month’
s
three graduating seniors of Shead Mem
Wabanaki Alliance.
orial High School taking part in a tour of
historic attractions in Washington, D.C.,
Tonto, d e a d at 62
Philadelphia, and New York.
Jay Silverheels, 62, who co-starred in
U.S. history was the theme of the trip,
the long-running “Lone Ranger” television which featured visits to the Washington
series as the faithful Indian sidekick Monument, Lincoln and Jefferson Mem
Tonto, died March 5 of complications from orials in D.C., Independence Hall and the
pneumonia.
Liberty Bell in Philadelphia, and the
He was 62 years old. A Mohawk Indian, Statue of Liberty in New York.
born on the Six Nations Indian R eser
vation in Canada, he got his first good
INDIAN JEWELRY
movie role in 1947, appearing with Tyrone
Indian-handmade quality wedding (or
Pow er in “Captain from Castile.” in the
friendship) bands. These are Zuni1950’ he starred as the Indian chief
s
made, with cut stones, fine quality, and
Geronimo in “Broken Arrow,” “Battle at
sterling silver. Describe your needs
Apache Pass” and “Walk the Proud
and exact size (estimate x size above
k
Land.”
your regular size) and I will do my best
In the 1960’ Silverheels founded the
s
to locate. Average cost will be $30 each
Indian Actors Workshop in Hollywood to
plus postage; none higher than $40. I
help ge t Indian actors roles. “He created
will send cost statement for your
the atmosphere for us to get into the
approval before shipping C.O.D. I wifi
industry,” an actress, Lois Red Elk, said.
also fill orders for other handmade
“Before that, Indian people had to play
Indian jew elry items if you describe
props, extras, background. There just
what you want.
weren’ any Indian people with speaking
t
Sue Stevens
parts.” Silverheels was a Golden Gloves
3812 Monroe N.E.
boxer, amateur wrestling champion and a
Albuquerque, N.M. 87110
professional lacrosse player in his youth.
Two Pleasant Point
seniors visit Capital
Township Passamaquoddies, and Indian
Island Penobscots, w ere already mem
bers.
It was the first U SET meeting ever in
the northeast. The Penobscot Nation was
host.
W A N TE D
Handmade miniatures suitable for fur
nishings in or around miniature houses
built to a scale of 1” = 1 foot.
Especially (but not exclusively) in
terested in baskets of all types, cradles,
birchbark items, or other things not
found in the ordinary toy shop. These
have to be well made, and to scale.
Prefer natural colors. Send a sketch,
photo or description, or better yet a
sample, and your asking price per item.
Business will be conducted on a C.O.D.
basis.
Sue Stevens
3812 Moiiroe N.E.
Albuquerque, N.M. 87110
CAN’ FIND A JOB?
T
TRY THE
Job Corps
Would you like to be trained as a ...
Bookkeeper
Secretary/Stenographer
Clerk Typist
Nursing Assistant
If you are 16 to 21 and not in school,
the Penobscot Job Corps Center has
training programs which may be of
interest to you.
The Penobscot Job Corps Center
provides all trainees with a place to
live, meals, health care and a cash
monthly stipend while you learn. And
when you finish, we'll also help you
find a job.
SOUND GOOD?
IT JS GOOD.
ASK FOR JOB CORPS
— in the Portland area— 775-7225
— in the Auburn area— 786-4190
— in the Bangor area— 947-0755
— or toll free anywhere in Maine
at 1-800-432-7307
ASK FOR
JOB CORPS RECRUITMENT
�Page 6
Wabanaki Alliance May 1980
Maliseets march against
A young Indian woman makes poster for U.S.-Canadian border protest last month. Her
sign reads: “You import boat people and export aborigines!”
a
Demonstrators approaching the Canadian customs building at Andover, New Bruns
wick — opposite Fort Fairfield, Maine.
Poetry
Power
Three nations of power
USSR, US and China
all looking for a "shina”
Nostrodomus predicted an answer
in this answer a teaching
the answer land, everything and people
Gluskabe brought to the first people
land trust knowing
the day has past
the net I have cast
if you use power wrong
the unknown will get stronger
Born with altruism
the strength of teaching
Gluskabe reaching
no “prob,” just a job
with the strength we get
put it to use on the past
William W. McDougall
Yellowquill case
upheld Jay Treaty
Two years ago a significant U.S.
court ruling on an appeal by an Indian
woman supported the 1794 Jay Treaty
that protects Indians from deportation,
among other things.
The case of Jolene Yellowquill in
volved a charge of possession of heroin,
in Texas. The courts tried to deport
Yellowquill to Canada, where she was
born, but an appeal through lawyer
Lawrence Aschenbrenner brought a
ruling that she was “not subject to
deportation on any ground.” Deporta
tion proceedings against Yellowquill,
started Nov. 4,1977, were terminated.
CALLING MALISEETS
EVERYWHERE
URGENT CALL
W e must unite
Let’ stand up and be counted
s
For membership information contact:
M ALISEET NATION, INC.
P.O. BOX 154
MADAWASKA, MAINE 04756
by Steve Cartwright
TOBIQUE RESERVE, New Brunswick
— “Immigration, Immigration won’ you
t
leave us alone? Take your customs to your
white man, we’
ve got customs o f our
own.”
So sang several young Maliseet Indians
at a Maine-Canadian border demonstra
tion last month. Maliseets along with
Micmac, Passamaquoddy and Penobscot
sympathizers w ere protesting the at
tempted deportation of Raymond Sockabasin of Tobique, and other alleged vio
lations of the 1794 Jay Treaty, which said
Indians could “freely pass and repass” the
border.
If there is no border for Indians, then
how can an Indian be deported? That’ the
s
argument advanced by 75-80 Maliseets led
by Wayne Nicholas of Tobique. However,
as Nicholas readily admits, it’ not as
s
simple as that.
Brothers Raymond and Larry Sockabasin are the cause of the border demon
stration near Fort Fairfield, Maine, and
subsequent protest marches at Houlton
and Calais border crossings. They were
born at Indian Township Passamaquoddy
reservation. Raymond is wanted in Can
ada on charges of assault on a police
officer, and possession of liquor; for this,
Canadian authorities want to deport him,
along with Larry, charged with destruc
tion of property.
The Sockabasins would apparently be
luckier in the States. The U.S. has ratified
the Jay Treaty, but as historian James
Wherry of Houlton pointed out in an
article in the January 1980 Wabanaki
Alliance:
“The Canadian government’ response
s
to the question of Jay Treaty rights is
simple. The Supreme Court of Canada
ruled in 1956 that Article HI of the Jay
Treaty and Article IX of the Treaty of
Ghent (which would have reinstated the
Jay Treaty after the War of 1812) are not
applicable in Canada, since Canadian L eg
islation has not been passed to implement
or sanction the provisions of the Treaty.
This view of Canadian law makes Indians
subject to the provisions of the Im m igra
tion Act and Regulations in the same
manner as all other persons wishing to
enter Canada.
“The United States has taken a dif
ferent view of Jay Treaty rights. General
ly, American officials have tended to
wards an acknowledgement of the Jay
Treaty rights of North American Indians.”
Larry is currently jailed at the border
crossing where the jail happens to be
located. After a day of picketing U.S. and
Canadian customs buildings, marchers
sang an American Indian Movement
(AIM) song in front of the jail; inmates
cheered; the protestors w ere told to
disperse.
“What ignited this protest was the
(threatened) deportation of two sons of
Indian parents who are recognized band
members of the Tobique Indian Reserve,”
explained Nicholas. “Protestors firmly
believe that deportation was not warrant
ed as the charges laid under the criminal
code of Canada w ere of a minor nature.
Under no circumstances will the pro
testors protect or demonstrate on behalf
of criminals with serious offenses.
“Therefore, the main issues of the
national protest are, the imposed immi
gration laws disturbing the aboriginal
rights of all North American Indians,"
Nicholas said.
In an interview at his father’ house,
s
where he is staying, Raymond Sockabasin
said, “Everyone tells us that we’ Indians
re
and they can’ deport us. I was charged
t
with assault on a police officer. It was only
for 20 pints of beer. It’ about time
s
somebody spoke up. This ain’ ju st for me
t
and my brother. It’ for all the Indians of
s
the U.S. and Canada," Sockabasin said.
Sockabasin had already served a jail
sentence and been fined $100, prior to the
deportation order. “A lot of people feel
there’ harassment from the RCMP
s
(Royal Canadian Mounted Police) on the
reserve .. . the RCMP said I was the only
one they knew in the crowd," Sockabasin
said, adding that the policeman “said he
had to use physical force, but I was only
trying to defend myself ... up here at the
gas station, I was pulled out of the car
(Nov. 23,1979),’ he said.
’
Sockabasin said the RCMP constantly
reminds him of when a policeman was hit
with a rock a few years ago. Ironically, the
officer is Sockabasin’ brother-in-law.
s
(Continued on next page)
A father muses on
his sons' predicament
TOBIQUE RESERVE, New Brunswick
— How do you feel if your two sons are
facing deportation to another country?
That’ what Wabanaki Alliance asked
s
Raymond Nicholas, father of Larry and
Raymond Sockabasin, who face deporta
tion to the U.S., where they were born at
Indian Township.
Nicholas, father of ten, said bluntly, “I
can’ understand it. They want to deport
t
him on parole, but they won’ give him
t
bail.” He was referring to Larry, who has
the nickname “Muscles,” and who is
currently held in jail, (Larry was advised
by his lawyer to refuse parole if deporta
tion was a condition of it.)
Nicholas said he told the court he would
offer collateral in woods equipment worth
$30,000, but to no avail. “I said if it’ bail
s
I’ see what I can do. The judge wouldn’
ll
t
listen to me. It’ a funny feeling. You go
s
into court and you feel helpless,” Nicholas
said.
He is a proud father. “The boys never
got no help from the government. They
worked as boys. The boys used to have
ponies and ride them right up the stairs in
the house," chuckled Nicholas, who has
one of the only owner-built homes on the
reserve.
Nicholas was not married to Larry and
Raymond’ mother, but they were always
s
part of his family. “I don’ say they’
t
re
angels or anything like that, but they’
re
good kids. They’ got a lot of friends,
ve
they’ good hockey players," he said.
re
“Them boys never used no weapons or
anything,” Nicholas said, adding that
“young people like to fight, you know. I
fought all the time when I was in the
army." While living in New York, some
years ago, Larry was “number one” in
judo, and Raymond took third place in
competitions.
Nicholas said he is one of the only men
on the reserve not on government support
of some kind. A veteran woodsworker, he
operates his own logging operation on
Indian lands. Until now, he has never been
very concerned with outside issues. “I
never followed up on this treaty stuff
because I’ never been bothered crossing
ve
the border,” he said. "It upsets m e when I
think o f the injustice. I'd sooner see my
son six months in jail than kneel down to
anyone.”
Nicholas summed up his views by
recalling what he told a judge in court: “If
a truck turns over with ten cords of wood,
I can straighten out the truck and re-load
it. But when my son gets railroaded,
there’ nothing I can do.”
s
�Wabanaki Alliance May 1980
Page 7
st Jay Treaty violations
(Continued from previous page)
A reporter for CBC asked Sockabasin if
he had been drinking when stopped by
police. Sockabasin hesitated, then said he
had quit a couple of months previous.
Sockabasin was under careful security of
Indian friends, and the interview was
guarded. However, RCMP apparently
agreed not to enter the reserve in search
of Sockabasin.
For a week and one half, Maliseets
supporting the Sockabasin brothers block
aded the road into Tobique Reserve,
allowing Indian persons access. Later last
month, the blockade was lifted, but a
group of Indians continued to camp in a
hastily built lean-to beside their home
made gate.
Nicholas said he favors nonviolence:
“We want to be very diplomatic about
this." But “we have several warriors
among us,” he warned.
According to Nicholas, part of the
problem of Indian rights and the deporta
tion order is Tobique R eserve Chief
George Francis, who is reportedly often
away in Ottawa. “When he gets a
program, he hires all his relatives, and it’
s
pure hell for non-supporters,” said Nich
olas, who himself worked for awhile with
Indian Affairs in Ottawa, and is a tribal
councilor. The reserve is reportedly
$170,000 in debt, and may not wish to
antagonize the Canadian government,
sources said.
Francis has taken no stand on the
deportation, and neither has the tribal
council. Nicholas, in frustration, said he
has appealed to Lloyd Axworthy, minister
of Immigration, “to investigate and cancel
the deportation order.”
A letter to Graydon Nicholas, chairman
of Union of New Brunswick Indians, had
produced no results, Wayne Nicholas said,
despite a request for immediate interven
tion and negotiation with the ministers of
Immigration, Citizenship and Indian Af
fairs (the assistant to the Indian Affairs
minister is himself an Indian).
Eva Saulis, -59, aunt to Larry and
Raymond Sockabasin, said “we’ going to
re
keep fighting. When there’ injustice for
s
any people, men or women, we speak out.
“They call us radicals . . . small-minded
women. That’ what George (Francis,
s
band chief) called us. You’ not free to
re
speak out," Saulis said. She and her niece
organized an Indian women’ march on
s
Ottawa last summer.
Bernard Sappier, the only tribal council
member to participate in the demonstra
tion, commented, “w e’ like to have more
d
people involved in this, because it’ very
s
important to us and our children."
Sappier worked 19 years at Indian
Township (Maine), and is married to the
former Edith Sockabasin of that reserva
tion. He said the Tobique Reserve of 750
people (35-50 of whom are “non-status”
Indians), have serious housing and educa
tional problems. People are depressed.
Tom Paul, a Micmac writer, comments:
“To be a citizen is to be an alien of another
country, or to be of European ancestry.
We, the native people are a sovereign
nation; we should not be classified as
citizens, and not as Canadians or Ameri
cans.
“To be classified as citizens is to be
subject to the Queen of England, there
fore: as a citizen, a native person is
vulnerable to the constitution, and there
fore will be subject to deportation and
genocide.
“The formula to solve this,” Paul writes
bitterly, “is to obliterate the word ‘
citizen’
and change it to ‘
superceding sovereign
nation’
.”
Nicholas and others want the Indian Act
in Canada revised, with Jay Treaty rights
recognized as they are in the U.S., so that
“nothing in the future like this will happen
again." The Indian Act was last amended
in 1952; it^vas revised in 1972; National
Indian Brotherhood, a Canadian organiza
tion, has been studying border crossing
status since 1973, but has made no major
proposals for change.
Demonstration leader Wayne Nicholas, center, talks with William McDougall, left, from
Indian Island, Wabanaki Alliance editor Steve Cartwright and others, in hastily built
shelter at Tobique Reserve.
'WHAT N£ >0|
youC n o
ant
OUR C t ur e:
ul
I D epor t
t he
On the picket line, Maliseets walk back and forth over the Maine-Canadian border near
Fort Fairfield.
COMMERCIAL
Tom Paul, Micmac, with wife and son Geronimo.
M icm ac recalls b ein g d e p o rte d
TOBIQUE RESERVE, New Brunswick
— Tom Paul, a Micmac from Eskasoni
Reserve in Cape Breton, brought his
family to a recent protest rally at the
Maine-Canadian border here. He is a
veteran Indian activist.
“I was deported m yself in 1962 from
Massachusetts to Canada. I was in trouble
too much with the law,” Paul, 36, remem
bered. “I’
ve been to Wounded Knee,
South Dakota, and I’
ve traveled to 47
states. W e go everywhere to support
native rights.”
Paul, who named his son Geronimo after
the 19th century Apache Indian chief,
observed that “there’ been a lot of change
s
since 15-20 years ago. Native people are
standing up for their rights.
“When the Canadian government de
ports an Indian person back into the U.S.,
it violates a treaty, and affects the whole
Wabanaki Confederacy. W e have our own
laws, our own religion . . . w e’ working
re
on re-forming the Confederacy. W e’
re
getting the constitution back . . . our own
laws.” he said.
Commenting on the deportation order
for Raymond and Larry Sockabasin, (see
story this issue) Paul said, “I think these
young boys — their criminal records
shouldn’ even be mentioned, because
t
they (Canadian government) are violating
their rights."
“I went to residential school ten years
(1949-1959). and they told us we were
savages and dirty. We w ere punished if
we spoke our language ... that’ why a lot
s
of them lost their language. They were
ashamed of themselves,” Paul said.
RESIDENTIAL
INDUSTRIAL
Hi Sockbeson & Son
BUILDERS
PRE-ENGINEERED BUILDINGS
CUSTOM BUILT HOMES/RENOVATIONS
CONCRETE WORK/MASONRY
FINISH & ROUGH CARPENTRY
GENERAL CONTRACTING/SUB-CONTRACTING
942-6630
947-4163
One Merchants Plaza - Bangor
�Wabanaki Alliance May 1980
Page 9
A source of energy received daily
By Dr. Normand Laberge
PLEASANT POINT — Just as a
thermal electric plant relies on coal or oil
for a fuel source, a tidal project similarly
depends on the naturally occurring tides
for its source of potential energy.
However, a tidal project does not have
to purchase its fuel (tidal waters), where
as a thermal plant’ cost of operation is
s
substantially comprised of fuel expendi
tures. This basic difference between a
renewable energy resource and a limitedsupply resource has far-ranging impacts
on project economics when analyzed over
their respective lifetimes. This topic will
be discussed for the Half-Moon Cove tidal
project in terms of inflation, with regards
to the rapidly rising cost of conventional
fuels, and in terms of the resultant effects
on the cost of electricity.
In order to present a meaningful
comparison with a tidal power project, an
oil-fired plant has been selected on the
basis of having similar production charac
teristics. Today, a new oil-fired plant
would generate electricity for approxi
mately 4.70c per kilowatt-hour (kwh)
which is less than the 5.69c/kwh cost for a
tidal project. Half the production cost for
the oil plant is attributed to the fuel
expense with the remaining amount set
aside for operation and maintenance
(7.9%) and financing charges (42.1%). In
comparison, the tidal project requires
6.9% of its production cost for operation
and maintenance and 93.1% or 5.30c/kwh
for the payment of revenue bond-holders.
A tidal project is termed “capital-inten
sive,” since its production cost is primarily
constituted by actual construction ex
penses as indicated by the annual fin
ancing charges.
If the oil-fired plant produces power at a
lower rate, why should a tidal project be
constructed at a higher cost? The tidal
project would not be constructed if the
sole criteria is the production of the
cheapest pow er available at the present
time. But other considerations also have to
be factored into the decision making
process in order to best optimize the
future energy mix. Some of the major
factors that positively favor tidal power
plants are briefly described below:
— the conservation of limited-supply re
sources for priority utilization
— the construction of the least environ
mentally and socially damaging power
plant
— the development of renewable energy
resources on a regional basis
— the availability of long-term economic
returns in the event that inflation con
tinues at its present, or even moderate
level.
For these and other reasons, it is felt
that a tidal project has its place in the
regional energy network as both a hedge
against inflation and to provide electrical
self-sufficiency.
The two hypothetical plants previously
mentioned will be used to explain the
impacts of inflation on the resultant cost of
electricity. It should be remembered that
a project’ financing charge will remain
s
constant throughout the debt period
regardless of any changing economic con
ditions; however, both the cost of opera
tion and maintenance and the fuel cost will
be directly affected by the inflation rate.
For the case of oil-fired plants, the fuel
cost might increase at a rate faster than
inflation due to geo-political factors and to
the combined effects of increasing demand
and decreasing supply. Assuming that
inflation will increase at 6% per year for
each year after 1980, it can be shown that
the production cost from the tidal project
would be less that of oil-fired electricity
(5.89c/kwh versus 6.07c/kwh) after only
seven year of operation. If we continue
this exercise for thirty years, the tidal
project’ production cost would be less
s
than one-half the cost of oil-fired elec
tricity. The reason for this behavior is due
to the initial economic structure of a tidal
The instructor was Dick Parker. Sonja
Dorn of Indian Township took R oger
Sockabasin, Dino LaCoote, William Lola
and Allen Dorn Jr. to Calais to take this
course. There were 26 children from
Calais, Princeton, and Woodland who
participated in the course.
The expected physical lifetime of a tidal
project can be safely estimated at 50 years
and optimistically planned for up to 100
years. By comparison, a regularly used
oil-fired plant is expected to function from
35 to 40 years. This difference in operating
time also serves to enhance the long-term
benefits of a tidal project since two oilfired plants would be required to replace
one tidal power project. The second oilfired plant would cost much more than the
original plant due to the impact of inflation
on the construction cost. This comparison
is also valid for nuclear and coal pow er
plants but to a lesser degree since a tidal
project has a lower plant factor; i.e., in
operation for a shorter period of time.
The assumptions that have been used in
this analysis are particularly relevant
today in light of: (1) the on-going debate
over the desirability of nuclear power; (2)
uncertain fossil fuel supplies; (3) the
impact of inflation reflected by the fuel
adjustment charge on your electrical bill
as well as a decrease in the amount of dis
posable income; and (4) the recent
emphasis on the development of re
newable energy resources. The proposed
Half-Moon Cove project, due to its size,
will not have a significant impact on the
electrical mix for the State of Maine, but
since the plant would serve a largely rural
area, it would supply pow er from a decen
tralized and regional source. It should also
be noted that ancillary, or indirect bene
fits have been excluded from this quanti
tative economic analysis. Based solely on
the power production potential, the pro
The children were taught the rules and
regulations for hunting, how to use a
compass, the proper handling of a firearm
and a mini course on boat safety. The local
game wardens also helped in this course.
The students w ere taken to the Na
tional Guard Armory for target practice
and they also had to take a written test.
This is a six week, 12 hour course that
presently is given once a year.
The students received certificates and
patches for completing the Maine Hunter
Safety and Conservation Program.
tii
ANYONE CAN BUY
YOU DON’ HAVE TO
T
BE A VETERAN
See Your Local Real
Estate Broker Or
Contact
LOVE'S A * 4 0 0 0
INDIAN ISLAND
S e v e n tribes sue p ipelin e
Seven Indian tribes have filed suit in
Federal court in Seattle in an attempt to
block construction of the Northern Tier
Pipeline.
The tribes claim the construction of the
pipeline would “pose an imminent threat
of serious and irreparable harm." They
charged that Federal officials who ap
proved the pipeline failed to assess and
disclose serious impacts on their com
munities. “This failure to assess and dis
close is exacerbated by a failure to involve
tribal governments in the review and
decision making process,” they listed
dangers to salmon, steelhead and other
treaty fishing resources. The pipeline
would run under Puget Sound and cross
several streams in the Indians’area.
The seven tribes are the Skokomish,
Tulalip, Stillaguamish, Upper Skagit,
Swinomish and the Port Gamble and
Lower Elwha Bands of the Klallam
Indians.
Tires
Owned Homes For Sale |
in Washington County |
Equal Housing
OPPORTUNITY
Loving care for your car
Tune-ups
ject’ economics are competitive with con
s
ventional sources when averaged over a
ten year period. In the same way, it has
also been shown that economic prospects
for tidal power development increase
quite dramatically when taken over a
thirty year period.
When the Half-Moon Cove tidal project
is constructed it would re-establish a mile
stone in Washington County’ role as an
s
energy producer. Several hydroelectric
stations previously serviced the area until
the mid-l960’ when the last plant was
s,
decommissioned. Today, the residential
users of electricity in Washington County
have only two diesel plants producing
pow er in the region.
EDITOR’ NOTE: Dr. Laberge is co
S
ordinating a planned tidal power demon
stration project on Half-Moon Cove, at the
Passamaquoddy reservation.
VETERANS ADMINISTRATION
Five take gun safety course
INDIAN TOWNSHIP — Five Passamaquoddies completed the Gun Safety
Course at the WCVTI (Washington
County Vocational Technical Institute) in
Calais.
project’ capital investment which is
s
93.1% inflation proof as opposed to a
42.1% rate for the oil-fired plant. There
fore, even with a moderate inflation rate
with respect to today’ standards, a tidal
s
project will provide cheaper electricity in
the near term and also serve to level the
cost of the electrical mix.
Rt. 1, Houlton Road, Woodland
3 bedroom, garage — $28,000.00 — $500.00
D.P.
Main Street, Princeton
4 bedroom, garage, $29,500.00 — $500.00
D.P.
No. Lubec Road, Lubec
3 bedroom, garage — $31,500.00 — $500.00
D.P.
9 Academy Street, Calais
4 bedroom, ready to move into — $29,000.00
— $500.00 D.P.
All VA financed
13'/2 % interest rate
VETERANS ADMINISTRATION
LOAN GUARANTY DIVISION
TOGUS, MAINE 04330
Tel. 207-623-8411 Ext. 433
�Page 10
VVabanaki Alliance May 1980
Track team holds first race
by Kathy Tomah
Area Reporter
INDIAN TOWNSHIP — The Rev.
Joseph Laughlin helped George Sabattus
initiate a cross-country track race re
cently.
Sabattus, 20, is trying to organize a
track team. The race took place at Peter
Dana Point so the community would see
the runners in hopes that they would
encourage them and also support this
sport. There were sixteen contestants:
Lewey Dana, Danny Lola, Dale Dana,
J.D. Newell, Wade Lola, Billy Nocholas,
John Mitchell, Clay Levesque, Richard
Stevens, John Socobasin, Carl Sabattus,
Joseph Socobasin, Dickie Sabattus, Greg
ory Mitchell, R oger Sockabasin, Carl
Nicholas.
Richard Stevens was the first runner to
complete the race and won first place in
the seventeen year old and up group.
Lewey Dana came in first in the 15-16 age
group; Clay Levesque in the 13-14 year old
age group and Billy Nicholas in the 10-12
age group.
St. Ann’ Church is sponsoring the
s
track team and Father Joe hopes that the
community will help out.
Richard Stevens of Indian Township wins a race held in conjunction with organizing of a
new track team at the Passamaquoddy reservation. Stevens won the age 17 and up
category. [Kathy Tomah Photo]
Governors show interest in paper
RUNNERS ALL - Front row, left to right, Billy Nicholas [10-12], Clay Levesque
[13-14], Lewey Dana [15-16], Richard Stevens [17 and up]. Back row, Danny Lola, Dale
Dana, Joseph Socobasin, Roger Sockabasin, Dickie Sabattus, Wade Lola and Gregory
Lola. [Kathy Tomah Photo]
Township Notes
by Kathy Tomah
This program is being administered and
Area Reporter
sponsored by the Indian Township Health
INDIAN TOWNSHIP — Sonja Dorn, a Service Program.
R egistered Nurse from Indian Township,
The Community Health Service of Indian
took a one week orientation course in Bar Township now issues a monthly newsletter.
Harbor on Diabetes from May 12 to May 16. Anyone interested in receiving the newsThe Indian Township Health Service will be letter should contact:
N EW SLETTER
running a special diabetic screening pro
Community Health Service
gram in the near future.
Box 301
Congratulations to Doris Chapman and
Princeton, Maine 04668
Mathew Dana for completing an 80 hour
E.M.T. course and also passing their state
exam. They are now fully qualified as
SPECIAL O N WOODSTOVES!
Emergency Medical Technicians.
The new physician’ assistant has been
s
KING W OODSTOVES
hired for the Indian Township Clinic.
Complete with automatic heaters
William Mathews, who is from Florida, will
Reg. $448.95 — Now $399.95
be working with the on-sight contract
medical physician and our RN, Sonja Dorn.
Laura Nicholas has been hired as the
WIC Director. This is a nutrition program
for infants, children and pregnant mothers.
The WIC program at Indian Township has
just undergone a management evaluation
from the WIC regional office in Massa
chusetts, and preliminary indications are
that the program is in excellent shape.
The C.F.N.P. (Community Food & Nutrilion Program), is off to a successful spring
gardening program.
One of the program goals is to encourage
residents of Indian Township to start home
gardening. Many people have taken advant
age of the various garden equipment which
is loaned to them by the C.F.N.P. program
along with the allocation of various seeds to
give everyone as much encouragement in
home growing of vegetables as possible.
Later in the gardening cycle, canning and
food preservation workshops will be offered
by the C.F.N.P. along with heavy emphasis
on community nutrition education.
ORONO — A resolution to assist in was discussed, as was a Community
seeking funds for Wabanaki Alliance Services Administration program called
newspaper was unanimously approved by ECAP, and $2,000 that must be raised for
Tribal Governors Inc. (TGI), at a meeting insurance on Maine Indian Transportation
Association (MITA) buses.
here this month.
The newspaper’ search for funds to
s
Attending the m eeting w ere TGI direc
continue publication beyond expiration of
a grant this fall was explained to TGI tor Allen J. Sockabasin, Pleasant Point Lt.
Gov. Cliv Dore, Central Maine Indian
mem bers by editor Steve Cartwright. He
said an annual budget of $40,000 is pro Association (CMIA) President Tom Vicaire, Indian Township Gov. Harold J.
jected.
In other business, TGI accepted the Lewey, Association of Aroostook Indians
resignation of bookkeeper Ann (Irene) (AAI) President Clair (Al) Sabattis, AAI
Pardilla, a Penobscot from Indian Island. Director Terry Polchies, and Indian
Contractual use of $285,315 from the Township Housing Authority Chairman
state Department of Indian Affairs budget R oger Gabriel.
CMIA to conduct off-reservation survey
If you have any questions
about the needs assessment or how the
information from it will be used, please
call the C.M.I.A. office 866-5587 or 7751872. The following people will be working
on the needs assessment so if they com e to
your door you will know who they are:
Irene Augustine, Marta Conlin, Carol
Farrenkopf, Angie Mitchell, Freeman
Morey, Betty Robinson, Sally Sturtevant,
Tom Thurlow.
All information will be kept completely
CMIA needs the cooperation of every confidential — names will be removed
person and every family in the area.
from the forms.
ORONO — Beginning in May, Central
Maine Indian Association will b e conduct
ing a Needs Assessm ent for any and all
off-reservation Indians in the southern 15
counties. The outreach workers will
attempt to reach every off-reservation
Indian (person) in the fifteen Counties —
the reason: to find out what people need
or would like in the way of services, what
problems people are having and what they
have to share with other Indian people.
HARDWARE
& GUN SHOP
TOM VICAIRE, Proprietor
The only Indian-owned hardware
business in the State of Maine
‘
‘We’ eager to do business with people
re
in the Indian community,” says Tom.
The store carries a full line o f tools,
electrical and plumbing supplies, paint
and housewares. Also, a selection o f fine
new and used guns.
See Our Garden Supplies and Tools
For all your hardware and
hunting needs, visit —
MATT AW AMKE AG HARDWARE &
GUN SHOP
and sample some good Indian hospitality
and-service.
Penobscot Valley Champs
The Old Town Indian Mites strike a pose with coaches Pat Soucy (left] and Joe Clavette.
Players are [front row left to right] Todd Clavette, Jason Richards, Shawn Sapiel, Miles
Francis, Mike Thibodeau, Joey Stetson and Todd Brown, [hack row] Nat Lord, Gene
Fadrigon, Chris Francis, Shannon Sapiel, Greta N eptune, Nick Sapiel, and Jeff Street.
Not pictured are Pan! Dow, Jason Pardilla and Kevin Chessa.
�Wabanaki Alliance May 1980
A
AITA director quits post
0R0N 0 — Saying she “had no choice,”
Lorraine Nelson of Indian Island has
resigned as director of MITA, Maine
Indian Transportation Association. There
was no money to run buses, and no money
to pay her salary, she said.
Nelson had taken over MITA last year
from a former director, who was fired for
alleged mismanagement. As of press time,
buses were apparently still running.
MITA was set up in 1976 to serve
Aroostook County, Indian Township and
Pleasant Point reservations, Indian Island
reservation, and: Central Maine Indian
Association of Orono.
MITA has remained in financial diffi
culties since early this year, and a Federal
Highway Administration official said it is
up to Tribal Governors Inc., the agency in
charge of MITA, to sort things out.
Ray Pomeroy, the federal official, said
he is willing to m eet and work with Tribal
Governors (TGI), but that several at
tempts to set up m eetings failed. He said
several letters to TGI Chairman Robert
Newell, Pleasant Point governor, have
gone unanswered.
Commenting on Nelson’ resignation,
s
Pomeroy said “I don’ blame her for
t
quitting.” TGI has not com pleted its work,
Pomeroy said, and no additional funds will
be forthcoming until two transportation
grant studies have been completed.
Pomeroy said it is within TGI’ power to
s
complete the paperwork. In fact, he said
Nelson sent him a well-written pre
liminary draft. Pomeroy said MITA
accounts have not yet been clo sed .
Apparently, at least one area, Indian
Island, is considering operating their own
buses without the MITA umbrella. “It’ up
s
to them to make a decision. It’ their
s
service, and their buses, and their trans
portation,” Pomeroy said.
Benete case moves to federal court
BANGOR — T
h« Ciise .»f a man who
claims to be Micmac, wanted as a fugitive
from justice in California, has been trans
ferred to Federal District Court here, at
request of counsel.
Michaelangelo Giovanni Benete, alias
Michael Bennett, fled California where he
has been convicted of murder. He stayed
for awhile at Indian Island, where he
claimed he had the governor’ permission
s
to camp out, and where he also claimed he
was to be employed by a Penobscot man.
Lawyer Julio DeSanctis of Bangor
argued in a hearing at Maine Superior
Court that Bennett is not subject to state
jurisdiction since he was apprehended on
Indian Island, “Indian territory" that is
subject to Indian and federal authority.
DeSanctis referred to the landmark Sockabasin-Dana case last summer, in which
tw o Passamaquoddy Indians convicted of
arson w ere found to com e under federal,
Penobscot nurse ends 45-year career
INDIAN ISLAND - After nearly half a
century in the nursing profession, Ruth
Norma Attean Davis, tribal nurse, is
retiring.
Her otherwise unblemished career is
clouded at the end by being placed on
probation, along with other health center
employees, by Gov. Wilfred Pehrson, who
alleges insubordination. Many believe the
Governor was out of line in putting the
tribal nurse on notice. Ruth Davis did not
single out Pehrson’ action as a reason for
s
her resignation.
She retires May 16, as the nurse who
has treated scores of Indian Island resi
dents. She joined the fledgling Penobscot
Department of Health and Social Services
in October 1976, and has had a major hand
in the planning of the current modern
clinic and its varied programs.
With her characteristic good humor,
Davis said she “retired to come home, but
then I got involved.” She returned to the
Penobscot reservation in 1975, after living
in southern Maine and Massachusetts. She
worked briefly for Wabanaki Corporation
alcoholism agency.
“I’ very pleased about the improve
m
ments and that they have the health
center. It’ something they’ needed for
s
ve
a long time. When I first graduated (at
Mercy Hospital in Portland) I wanted to
come back and do it all,” Davis said. She
came home for one year, but times were
hard at Indian Island, and she left for
work off-reservation.
“I’ 66 and I think it’ about time to
m
s
slow down,” said Davis, who has been
married 43 years to retired machinist and
toolmaker Forrest Davis. But, she said,
eyes twinkling, “there’ a lot of people
s
around here that still know my telephone
number.”
WABANAKI CORPORATION
ALCOHOLISM COUNSELORS
AND THEIR LOCATIONS:
Old Town
866-5577
Rosalie Clark
Clarence Francis
866-55,77
Pleasant Point
Grace Roderick
853-2537
Ralph Dana
853-2537
Northern Maine
Alfred Dana
866-5577
Caribou Area
532-7317
Pious Perley
532-7317
Harriet Perley
Portland Area
George Paul
499-7589
Indian T ownship
Bernard Stevens
796-2301
James Mitchell
796-230’
Gazing through the window of the
examining room where she has gently
reassured frightened children, Davis re
m embered that her family owned a farm
on the present site of the tribal com
munity building. She and her brothers
sold the land to the tribe, long after the
house burned, and prize oxen w ere lost in
the fire. Her father was Mitchell (Old
Mitch) Attean; her mother, the former
Mary Louise Ranco, was raised on Olamon
Island and made baskets. Her grand
mother was Domekin Polis.
Resignation letter
from Ruth Davis
I hereby submit my resignation as
Tribal Nurse and Medical Administra
tor to be effective. May 16,1980.
I do not feel that I warrant probation
without a justifiable reason, which I
have not received. I refuse to accept
this action by my submitting of this
resignation.
I sincerely appreciate the honor of
serving m y people with my knowledge
and expertise but the unfair politics
associated with this position leaves me
with little respect for my “so called”
judges.
I feel I have fulfilled the responsi
bilities of m y position to the best of my
knowledge and capabilities, and I ac
knowledge the fact that I may have
made mistakes, a trait peculiar to
humans ... my sincere apologies.
F or forty-five years I worked among
the white culture with responsible
positions, and I never was submitted to
the degrading actions that I am
receiving from my own people, those
known as our governing body.
It is plain to understand why our
educated young people prefer to take
their expertise to other fields.
My only regret is that I m ust end, in
my retirement, a career, of which I am
very proud, by your expecting my sub
mission to your conditions.
k
INDIAN CRAFT V
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Page 1
1
Ruth Davis, R.N.
Ruth Davis was the 11th of 12 children*
of whom five survive. A brother, Joseph
S. Attean of Piscataway, N.J., will cele
brate his 84th birthday June 15. A son,
John, serves on Indian Island’ police
s
force, and a daughter, Ruth Johnson, lives
in Uniontown, Alabama. There are seven
grandchildren.
Davis’ father was a “river man,”
working the annual spring log drives. “My
folks spoke Indian all the time. I can
understand it, but I can’ speak it,” Davis
t
said.
She remembers walking up the hill to
high school in Old Town, after crossing the
river — by boat in warm weather, on the
sawdust-ice bridge in winter. Davis said
she has always been able to deal with nonIndians: “I don’ carry that chip on my
t
shoulder."
“Our mother always said, who cares if
they call you an Indian. You ARE an
Indian."
not state jurisdiction, because the crime
was committed on a reservation.
No date has been set for the Bennett
case in federal court. Bangor's federal
judge, George Mitchell, was recently ap
pointed U.S. Senator, replacing Sen.
Edmund S. Muskie who has been named
U.S. Secretary of State.
SPECIAL WINTER ASSISTANCE
PROGRAM
FOR SEASONAL WORKERS
A T TE N T IO N
You or someone you know may be
eligible for a new winter assistance
program for seasonal and migrant
workers.
This program is basically for in
dividuals and families who have not
received the regular fuel assistance
that the state of Maine has offered this
winter.
YOU MAY BE ELIGIBLE IF:
1. You or someone in your family has
worked at least 25 days in the last two
years in seasonal agriculture, woods
work, fishing, clamming, fish packing,
fir tipping, or other seasonal farm, fish
or forest occupations. This includes
clamdigging, berry raking, potato pick
ing, haying, working as a woodcutter
on someone else’ land or cutting wood
s
on your own land, work in food pro
cessing plants that is not year round,
etc. If you are not sure whether your
work qualifies you, get in touch and
ask.
WHAT KINDS OF ASSISTANCE
ARE AVAILABLE?
Under this program you may receive
assistance which will enable you to pay
for the following kinds of items and
services:
1. FUEL (any kind, including wood,
oil, kerosene, coal)
2. UTILITY BILLS which are due or
overdue
3. LP GAS
4. WARM CLOTHING AND
BLANKETS
5. STOVES AND REPAIRS TO
FURNACES AND HEATING
SYSTEMS
6. FOOD
7. M EDICAL CARE
8. Some RENT ASSISTANCE in
in special circumstances
If you think you or someone you
know may be eligible for the kinds o?
assistance outlined here, please send a
postcard to: ECAP Outreach Worker,
Route 1 Box 74-1, Steuben, Maine
.
04680. Give your name, address and
phone (if you have one). Or call: 5467293 or loll free in Maine at 1-800-4321766 for more information.
IMPORTANT! YOU MUST APPLY
BEFORE JUNE 30. 1980.
Cheryls Place
Now open for business. Selling novelties, toys, games, clothes, jewelry, small
appliances, etc.
There is a 10% discount for Native Americans, either bring this ad or your
hunting and fishing license for verification.
W e will donate $1.00 to Wabanaki Alliance for every person that brings this ad
and spends $5.00 or more.
O PEN FOR BUSINESS!
Cheryl Hodgkin and Tom Thurlow
820 G ray Road (Route 202)
South W indham , M aine 04082
�Page 12
Wabanaki Alliance May 1980
Flashback photo
news notes
Township garden
planning underway
INDIAN TOW NSHIP - Last year, a
community garden was tried here for the
first time. This year, it will be different,
with individual gardens developed beside
homes. Tools and advice are available from
the tribal offices, according to community
health worker Martha A. Barstis. A
recent inventory turned up one roto-tiller,
six spades, eight hoes, two vinyl garden
hoses, one fertilizer spreader, five bags
fertilizer.
CMIA slates
board meeting
Central Maine Indian Association's
board of directors’m eeting will be held at
the Portland Public Safety Building
(Police Department) in the auditorium on
the second floor on June 14, at 2 p.m.
There is one opening to fill on the board
of directors. Please come and express
your concerns and views to the Board.
CMIA would like to know what you think
it should be doing.
Canoe crew
sets record
PLEASANT POINT — Nobody had
heard -of paddling from Pocomoonshine
Lake down the East Machias River, in
Washington County, to Jacksonville, in
less than tw o days.
“They shouldn’ have shown up till next
t
morning,” one tribal m em ber said.
Paddlers on the overnight trip w ere
Dale Mitchell, Chris Altvater, Edward
Bassett Jr., Louis Paul, Dana Altvater,
Donald Soctomah, and Dale Longfellow.
As if that weren’ enough, Dale Mitchell
t
said that the Rev. Joseph Laughlin, S.J.,
of Indian Township, is mulling over a
possible 500 mile canoe trip retracing old
Indian routes. Interested persons may
contact Mitchell or Father Joe.
CUDDLY KIDS — In this circa 1900 photo, Maliseet youngsters are, left to right, Frank
Deveau, Florence Deveau, and John Deveau posing at a photo studio in Houlton. All
w ere the children of James Deveau and Minnie Paul. Frank married first, Eva Paul, and
second, Waneta Tomah. Florence married Thomas Paul on March 1, 1927 and later
married Louis Francis Sappier on January 17,1946. With an uncertain orthography, the
nicknames of these three can be given: Frank=K-chi-dos, Florence=Bok-cheen,
John=Wooch-keen. [Original in the possession of Waneta Deveau, Bangor, Maine]
Island man given work
detail by tribal court
INDIAN ISLAND — The Penobscot
tribal court found Sebastian C. Francis,
Jr., Indian Island, guilty of criminal mis
chief, March 14, and sentenced him to a
three-day work detail. Francis was also
ordered to pay $85 restitution for damag
ing a radio antenna on a tribal police
cruiser. A charge of obstructing govern
ment administration will be dropped if the
other conditions are met.
In other recent court action, James
Neptune of Bangor, charged with litter
ing, Feb. 9, failed to appear, and a warrant
for his arrest was issued. The warrant
applies only to Indian Island.
John Banks, charged with speeding,
March 24,30 mph in a 20 mph zone, signed
a waiver and was fined $10. Laura Massey
received the same fine, for the same
offense, same date.
Bevan Baumann was fined $15 for
passing a stop sign, April 18.
Kirk Fields, charged with illegal posses
sion of alcohol, has requested a trial May
14, for the offense alleged April 13. Jerry
Pardilla of Indian Island will serve as
public defender.
In Penobscot Nation vs. Susie Neptune,
in which parking so as to obstruct was
alleged Jan. 27, Neptune was found
innocent. James Sappier was found in
nocent of the same offense, alleged Jan.
20.
In a “test case,” Alice Francis was found
innocent of operating under the influence
of liquor, for lack of jurisdiction, according
to tribal Judge Andrew Mead. The offense
was alleged Aug. 25, 1979, prior to estab
lishment of tribal jurisdiction on Indian
Island. Also found innocent, for offenses
alleged Aug. 25,1979, w ere Eloise Francis
and Janet Altvater, both charged with one
count each of assault and criminal mis
chief.
Philip Guimond, charged with speeding
in a school zone and operating after
suspension, has appealed a $150 fine to the
tribal law court. The speeding charge
refers to a Jan. 22 incident, the suspension
charge, Feb. 16. Guimond was found inno
cent of another operating after suspension
charge, alleged Jan. 22.
Carl Mitchell has appealed a $25 fine for
passing a stop sign, Feb. 17.
The tribal court has distributed 70
questionnaires for a jury drawing, June
11. A random 25 names will be selected.
Any off reservation tribal members
interested in serving as jurors should
contact court clerk Dorothy Foster.
DON'T MISS OUT
SUBSCRIBE NOW
JOB OPENING
Executive Director
Abnaki Girl Scout Council seeks an
Executive Director with Bachelor’
s
D egree plus experience in the areas of
administration, corporate planning,
staff supervision, finance management
and development.
If you are interested in applying,
contact Mrs. David Swett, President,
Rt. 2, Box 25, Orrington, Maine 04474.
No telephone calls will be accepted.
An equal opportunity employer.
SKITIKUK
OUTFITTERS
Specialists in Wilderness Travel
SALES - RENTALS
-
GU IDE SERVICE
Featuring IGAS Island Packs and Travelling Gear
COME BY AND SEE US
38 Main St.
Orono
866-4878
Track team winners
BANGOR — Three members of the
Andrew Sockalexis Track Team from
Indian Island took trophies in a 10
kilometer race this month.
Penobscot youngsters Jamie Knapp,
Chris Ranco and Greta Neptune placed in
the race. Knapp was first in the age 12 and
under category, with a time of 48:48.
Ranco, son of team coach Mike Ranco,
came in third after Knapp, with a 51:29
time. Neptune, alone in girls’ 12 and
under, won first place in 60:32.
Jeannette LaPlante, a Penobscot from
Old Town, won first place in the over-40
bracket, with a time of 49:31. She is a
board member of this newspaper. Editor
Steve Cartwright didn’ win anything in
t
the 20-29 category. His time was 41:58.
Two PassamaquodcJies
to graduate at Calais
INDIAN TOWNSHIP — Two Passamaquoddy students enrolled in Calais High
School will be graduating in June.
They are, Richard Stevens, son of Mr.
and Mrs. George Stevens Jr., and Carl
Nicholas Jr., son of Mr. and Mrs. Carl
Nicholas Sr.
Richard Stevens has already made
plans to enter the Navy as soon as he
graduates. He has enlisted for six years.
Carl Nicholas Jr. is planning to enroll in
the Police Academy in Utah.
G roup aids tribal b osses
WASHINGTON — Commissioner of
Indian Affairs William Hallett said that
Indian self-determination will be boosted
by President Carter’ Management Im
s
provement Council, which has agreed to
sponsor the Tribal Manager Corps (TMC).
The TMC project is designed to make
professional manager / administrators
from government agencies and private
industry available to work with tribes .
RUBBERMAID PARTIES
If you are interested in having a
Rubbermaid party or perhaps becom
ing a Rubbermaid dealer in your area
and want to make some extra money,
get in touch with:
DEBBIE MITCHELL
14 OAK HILL STREET
INDIAN ISLAND
OLD TOWN, MAINE 04468 '
Or call during the day at 827-5513.
JOB OPENING
Junior High School
Assistant Principal
Specific Qualifications and
Performance Responsibilities:
Masters Degree
At least 3 years successful
elementary or secondary teaching
experience
A ssists principal in the overall
administration of the school
(See attached Job Description)
^Im inistrator or Supervisor's Certi
fication Required.
Salary range according to degree and
experience.
Deadline for Applications: May 23,
1980.
Send application and copies of certi
fication, transcript, and references to:
Director of Instruction/Personnel
Bangor School Department
1375 Union Street
Bangor, Maine 04401
Telephone: 947-7386
An Equal Opportunity Employer
�
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
<em>Wabanaki Alliance</em> (May 1980)
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Indian Resource Center
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Passamaquoddy Cultural Museum
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1980-05
Contributor
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Donald Soctomah
Julia Brush
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Steve Cartwright. Used with permission.
Language
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English
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Document
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pdf
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DV-445
-
https://www.dawnlandvoices.org/collections/files/original/5a1e9111218415141883407696096c29.pdf
3f8ee0592cfb6b510d120bb5789af995
PDF Text
Text
^
Wabanaki
A llia n ce
Supported
bya grant from the Penobscot Nation
Money arrives,
lands bought
went to press, checks arrived from the
federal government addressed to individual
members o f the Penobscot tribe, in the
amount o f $339 each. Senior citizens,
ccause of a SI million set-aside, received
S8J7 each. Another quarterly payment is
expected June 15.
Last Fall’ federally funded settlement of
s
Maine I,id,an land claims, a total of
S8I.5 million, has netted Penobscots
about $800,000 in interest, and som e 70
percent o f that amount will be distributed
to tribal members, informed sources
said. The remaining 30 percent will be
reinvested by the federal government,
which holds the principal.
Tribal members voted on the distri
bution plan - one o f several options
presented — at a general meeting held last
month at fndian Island. A similar meeting
was scheduled for Passamaquoddy Indians
at their two reservations, to deal with
their share o f the claims interest.
Wabanaki Alliance has not been allowed
to attend these meetings, despite requests
from this newspaper to cover these events.
Reaction to the anticipated funds has
been less than ecstatic al Indian Island. A
number ot persons said they would refuse
to sign forms making them eligible for
per capita funds. One woman said she is
against the settlement and to accept the
money would weaken her position.
Others, who plan to accept the funds,
have small-scale plans. "1 heard one per
son on this street say, ‘Oh, I’ going to
m
build a little patio. ’ I heard one person say
I m going to bank it.’ ” said Diane Wilson
o f Indian Island.
For those tribal m em bers under the age
of 18. a trust fund has been considered,
that could not be drawn on until the person
com es o f age.
Senior citizens will benefit from $1
million SCI aside expressly for them.
Both tribes have set aside that amount for
the elderly, a special benefit that helped
win support for the settlement from those
persons over 60years o f age.
Additional tribal m eetings will have to
be scheduled to deal with future distri
bution and re-investment o f interest
money, earned from a $27 million trust
fund held bv the U.S. government. Ap
parently. no long term comprehensive plan
has yet been adopted.
[Continued on page 11]
Tough drug law in force
Tribal census takes
on new meaning
INDIAN ISLAND — The 1980 Penobscot
ation census has been released, and the
• tal tribal membership is pegged at 1,449,
net increase o f 27 persons over the
'Cvious year.
With the settlement last year o f the land
aims act — and the prospect o f per
ipila disbursement o f money to tribal
embers —
the census list becomes
ideal and som etim es controversial,
snewed interest in the census list is
iticipated.
The 1 member census committee held
2
rce meetings, each m em ber receiving
5 per meeting attended. Out o f 120
quests for membership, only 52 were
proved.
Members of the com m ittee are Nicholas
nv. Francis Mitchell, Beth Sockbeson,
:orge Mitchell. Donald Nelson, Joseph
ancis, Watie Akins, Irving Ranco,
ilcs Francis, Francis Ranco, Gilbert
ancis, Kenneth Paul Jr. These eleven
:n and one woman also happen to be the
tire Penobscot Nation tribal council.
Of the 1,449 members, about 500 live
Indian Island. The reservation has
:reased by some 200 individuals in the
st few years, as new housing is conucted.
Dow, census com m ittee chairmai
stated m certifying the printed repor
to the best of the com m ittee's ability th
1981 census list is a .complete and precis
document, listing ail Penobscot men
bers. The list is also verified bv trib;
Gov. Timothy Love, and tribal eler
Blanche Corbett.
There were five intermarriages in 198(
David McGrane to Deborah Davis; Dougla
Francis to Candace Keast; David Sapicl t
Sue Simon; Terry Sullivan to Herbet
Ring Jr.; Christine Elaine Mitchell ti
Michael Vermette.
Nine children w ere born into the tribe
last year, and, interestingly, ten m ore were
reported for 1979 who had not been recordHeather Marie Baker, Ryder W. Bolieau,
Ashley R. Coffman, Joseph M. Dana,
Domekin A. McDougall, Carissa L. Nor
wood, Andrea L. Pardilla, Joel S. Sirois
and Seneca B. Stevens.
For 1979, the previously unpublished
arrivals were Douglas J. Francis Jr.,
Maliyan M. Francis, Jeffrey J. Fugate Jr.,
Brianne Dawn Lolar, W asuwegj F. Mc
Donald, Jason C. Neptune, Eleanor M.
Paul, Christopher M. Raymond, Michelle
’(Continued on page 10)
INDIAN ISLAND — A recently organ
ized tribal public safety committee has
drawn up a new “ sale o f drugs ordinance,"
and the strict regulations are already in
effect, a member reports. If convicted,
you could be banished from tribal lands
for life.
Al Sapiel, chairman o f the committee,
said drugs are “ a big problem. It’ a
s
problem everywhere, but where we're
so small we notice it quicker, and som e
thing’ got to be done."
s
Sapiel said the drug law, intended to put
a full stop to sale of illegal drugs on the
reservation, applies to “ scheduled drugs,”
as described in tribal law, title 17 and 17A.
Drugs named in that section include
angel dust,' hashish, amphetamines,
cocaine, opium, heroin, methadone and
(Continued on page 8)
Canoeists depart Boston for Big Cove, N.B.
ALONG THE MAINE COAST - At
presstime, a dozen Boston area Indians led
by Penobscot, Sam Sapiel o f Indian Island,
were paddling their way from Boston to Big
Cove, an Indian reservation in New Bruns
wick.
The young men and their leader, who is
recreation director for the Boston Indian
Council, departed their home city May 15,
and expect an 1,100-mile round trip.
The purpose ot the venture is to raise
funds tor a wilderness experience program
tor young Indian people.
When the paddlers reach Pleasant Point
Passamaquoddy reservation, near the east
ernmost point in the U.S., they plan to hold
a clambake and sacred pipe ceremony.
Their motto is “egsmienctj,” let us push
forward.
Truck submerged in Penobscot
INDIAN ISLAND — A green pickup
truck sat on the bottom o f the Penobscot
River between the reservation and Milford
shore this month, having sat underwater
since it crashed through thin ice, last
Dec. 28.
.- The truck-.-operated by Charlie Rustin of
Milford, was first reported sunk by Ernest
Goslin o f Indian Island, who reported the
incident to Indian Island police. Indian
police notified Old Town police, who
turned the matter over to State Police. No
charges are known to have been Filed
against Rustin, a Vietnam veteran who
reportedly stood at attention and saluted
as his truck sank through the icc.
Penobscot tribal officials hoped to test
jurisdiction on the river by claiming the
truck. Four buoys mark the sunken truck's
location.
�editorials
Some reward
Indian Township social services director John Stevens has about
had a.
He may move oil the reservation, and take a non-Indian job. After
years and years of working for his people, some o f those years as
governor, some as Maine Commissioner o f Indian Affairs, he is
anont ready to call it quits.
Who could blame him? Stevens recently took a job as director of
soeta services, meaning that he dispenses welfare to needy tribal
I'h-tt1 nmS'.t
° rdT
eS aT ° ached him ~ a,,d
the nepotism
Iha sometimes works on the reservation — they demanded help
Slovens is a lair man, and he told them they would have to qualify
ike anyone else. So they put Stevens in the hospital with brass
knuckles. It tins is Stevens reward for being fair and dedicated, he
has good reason to leave.
But if people like John Stevens leave the community, it will be the
~
I T
3* l0S‘S' And 'f mea,1S somethin§ ^ wrong. Stevens told
Pern io h , yT ay "° 1 S 3lmOSt a fl8h t ” in the welfare business.
1
People have the expectation that things will simply be handed to
mem, ne says.
Those- two men who assaulted Stevens DO need help. As the
ndian Township health center can attest, alcoholism is still the
number one problem in the community. Stevens said they were
intoxicated, perhaps also on drugs.
We take this opportunity to recognize the good, solid work o f John
not'iet himd own h° ^
'ab°red * hC'P * * ^
°
^
Kudos for Cohen
What do you say when you want to change your editorial position?
Some may say this is wishy-washy; we think it is wisdom.
T ' r ™ 1S' C°hen S£ emed an unlike1^ choice for ^airm an
ot the Select Committee on Indian Affairs, given his “anti-Indian”
Irib e f
StatementS hC h3d made about
supporting Maine
Cohen got the job. and it now appears that he deserves it The
ambitious, diligent Republican legislator has been — from recent
tubal reports — an advocate of Indian causes. The Penobscots
especially report that Cohen is able and responsive
rimothy Woodcock, a Cohen staffer who is now head counsel to
the select committee, has been praised.
Maine Indians need influence in Congress, and Indians across the
U.S. need the attention of Washington. Indians will not longer be
ignored, as Passamaquoddys and Penobscots have demonstrated in
the land claims case.
Guest editorial
Believe in yourself
Anger is an uulward sign toward someone.
Depression is an inward sign against
oneself.
riie.se arc emotional stresses too:
anxiety and fear. Anxiety builds up when
changing situations are out o f control and
Tear is where there is nothing anyone can
do about it and anger is where someone
could have changed the situation but
didn't and guilt is when we could have
changed but didn't.
Anger can be healthy. It can help us
change to a better environment. Anger can
fight and pinpoint a fear and let us face it
and overcome it. Burying anger can buUd
fear that can lead to depression and
maybe suicide. Anger makes me see the
worst in you and the hurt in myself. If
we deny our anger and swallow it, it will
rebel against our body and becom e an
illness to our body. It’ human and not
s
wrong to feel pain and anger, what be
com es right or wrong is how we express
our pain and anger.
Depression is guilt over the action by
not seeing new hope on a focus of our
problems, saying 1am not afraid o f tomor
row tor 1 have seen yesterday and 1 live
and love today; we must dream and
believe in ourselves and our ability to
dare to challenge the impossible, to under
stand that suffering, frustration and
failure are our help to cope, to develop
patience and persistence, the balance of
lifeBy Sky Owl
R
n<d° 1
frfendENDS
1 hCSC lhre<! India" Is‘ d g‘rls demonstrall! ‘hat to be truly happy “"
Indians out in the cold
The Philosophy o f " d o nothing, get
nothing’’ should be understood to mean
that if the tribes and organizations in New
England don’ attempt to impact the
t
President and C on gress immediately,
Indians will be on the outside looking in
for at least the next four to six years.
Policy being established now by the
Administration will apply over the next
four years and affect future policy, with the
possibility o f going into the next adminis
tration. The time to push for changes in
policy is now. The tribes and organizations
should be developing a packet containing
specific information supporting arguments
which substantiate the exclusion o f Indians
from budget cuts being proposed. Indivi
duals should also begin sending telegrams
and letters to their congressm en and
representatives and senators, from each
state, in support ot Indian budget requests.
Indian Tribes arc legal governmental
entities protected by law — constitutionally
and Congressional!}' legislated, based on
Treaties. Indian organizations are legal
entities created under state laws and are
the main service delivery providers for
Indian Tribal m em bers residing and
employed in urban and rural areas.
The Reagan-Bush position paper con
cerning Indians states, " I would support
Indian government through the fulfillment
of treaty obligations and financial assist
ance, and not supplant Indian government
by federal government bureaucrats.”
I fully respect the unique trust relation
ship between the United States govern
ment and the federally-recognized Indian
tribes. However, having served as gover
nor o f the state which has som e o f the
largest urban Indian com munities in the
U.S., I am aware o f the unique nature of
their situation and o f the fact that their
problem s have been largely ignored in the
past. The situation o f the urban Indian,
the off-reservation rural Indian com
munities, and the tribes not recognized by
the federal government must be looked
into with the goal o f establishing ways and
means of securing better opportunities
for them.”
It appears all grant-in-aid federal
agencies are either being cut severely or
eliminated. Block grants, in the form of
revenue sharing, will be made directly to
states which have not been amenable to
Indians. The only agency to go untouched
and being increased is the Department of
Defense whose supplemental budget was
submitted to Congress and passed easily
within 30 days. The Administration is
talking about decentralizing their authority
to states.
Questions which must be answered are:
What will be the impact on your tribe
or organization?
What will be the' impact on the state and
New England?
How will Indians nationwide be af
fected?
Notify your congressional delegation
immediately- and tell them that their
district will be affected if Indians in the
state are not going to be served.
Signed by the follow ing Penobscot
Nation officials: Governor Tim Love,
James G. Sappier, Michael Ranco.
�Wabanaki Alliance May 1981
Page 3
letters
Maliseets eligi ble?
Keep it up
Presque Isle
Enterprise. Alabama
To the editor:
To the editor:
I am a Maliseet Indian with a little
French descent in me. My people on my
'atiler’ side came from Tobique Point,
s
N.B.
My great-great-grandfather was Newell
Bear. who lived to be around 110 or 116
ears old, and my grandfather was 102
cars old when he passed away. His name
kas Peter Bear. My father was Mitchell
lear: he passed away at the age o f 85.
n 1942. at Presque Isle. Me.
At about this lime I embarked on an
*\rmy troop transport ship, the U.S.S.
Harry Allen from Norfolk, Virginia for
North Africa . . . M orocco, Algiers, Tuni
sia, Sicily. Italy. France, and Germany,
Corsica and Sardinia, in between Italy and
France . . . this is all through W. W. 1.
1
What I am coming at is. I would like to
know if I am eligible for the land claims
situation. If so, could you people let me
know what my part would be, if any.
I’ be waiting for an answer o f some
ll
kind.
Clarence J. Bear
Enclosed please find my check for
SI0.00 to renew my subscription to the
Wabanaki Alliance and a donation.
We enjoy the paper very much, esp e
cially the "Flashback” photos and letters.
(In the March issue, the other lady in the
picture is Vivian Francis Massey. I be
lieve.)
K eep up the good work.
Velma N. Jones
Exchange
Forestville, Calif.
To the editor:
We enjoy receiving and reading your
publication. Recently you sent a notice
to renew our subscription. Would you
consider exchanging publications with us?
Native Self-Sufficiency is published
six times a year. Past issu es have covered
topics such as gardening, solar energy,
weatherization. and fundraising.
Very informative
Victoria Bomberry
Aloha
The Netherlands
Honolulu
To the editor:
To the editor:
Enclosed you will find $6 to renew my'
;ubscription.
Your newspaper is very informative
'or me, and the other m em bers of “ De
KIVA.” a Dutch and Belgian Indian
support Organization . . . the only way to
cecp informed about the northeastern
ribes. I think the usefulness o f the paper
ould even be improved by covering som e
what more fully the other New England
ribes because Wabanaki Alliance is the
>nly regularly published Indian newspaper
n New England.
Please allow m e this opportunity to
thank you for the information you provided
The Office of Hawaiian Affairs on the
Maine Indian Land Claims.
This information will be o f great value
and help to us in our study of Hawaiian
Land Claims.
We hope we can reciprocate your kind
ness in the near future and look forward to
talking to you again.
If you are ever in Hawaii, please be sure
to contact me.
Aloha,
Dr. F. L. Wojciechowski
Wabanaki Alliance
Vol. 5, No. 5
Salmon-chanted evening
Nick Dana of Indian Township tries his luck from the Princeton bridge at Big Lake.
Joe Kealoha
Trustee
May 1981
Published monthly by the Division of Indian Services [DIS) at the Indian
Resource Center, 95 Main St., Orono, Maine 04473. Telephone [207) 866-4903.
Typeset by Old Town/Orono Times. Printed by Ellsworth American.
Letter to Passamaquoddys
on newspaper support
I would like to say that 1 am very
disappointed with your refusal to donate
any funds in which to help the Wabana
ki Alliance through these difficult
times. I myself find this paper very in
formative. and enjoy reading it (which
I do from the very first page right
through the last one), and cannot
understand why or how you can refuse
to help .this paper.to. survive.
It is the only way I have in which to
keep informed on the happenings
around there. And for you to use the
measly excuse, “ you receive the paper
late, so that the news is already old to
you,” is unwarranted. You should
take into consideration such people as
m yself that the news in this paper isn’
t
old to. You are su pposed to be acting for
Looks forward
To the editor:
Enclosed please find check for my next
year’s subscription to Wabanaki Alliance.
1 look forward to each issue and have it
read before I get home from work. During
the past 10 months I have becom e a fe-mail
carrier for the Monrovia Post Office.
Marge Hammond Ludecke
M ember — Maine Press Association
P.S. Have you hugged your mailperson
lately?
Steven Cartwright, Editor
Elizabeth S. Warner, Composition
Kathy Cartwright, Composition
A discovery
Reporters
Phone 827-6219
Phone 532-7317
Diane Newell Wilson
Brenda Polchies
^ t e s ’:
W -y
dollars? I submit the request to’w t # ^
the Passamaquoddy Tribal Coluncil to
reconsider your refusal to help fund this
newspaper.
All 1 can say is, Wabanaki Alliance,
keep up the good work, because it is
appreciated by some, if not all.
Frederick L. Thurlow III
Lewisburg, Pennsylvania
The true facts
To the editor:
Please keep my Wabanaki Alliance
newspaper coming! I am a lecturer and
need all the true facts I can get of my
people, for the public.
Calls com e to me from all over the U.S.
and even Canada to speak. Schools, col
leges and organizations o f all kinds. I
even spoke for 31 minutes on the “ Voice of
America” in Washington, D.C.
So I have to know for sure, real facts.
I’ve traveled to many reservations. I’
ve
been to Maine.
My father was a Narragansett and my
mother was a W ampanoag, so we are
eastern natives.
Princess Red Wmg
Newmarket. N. H.
To the editor:
Som eone gave me an old copy o f your
newspaper and I liked it so much that 1
To the editor:
am enclosing $5.00 for one year’s sub
scription.
Enclosed is a piece o f prose I wrote
I have a Penobscot heritage from my
father's family. Our ancestors lived in N.H. today. I would like to have it published in
in the Pem igewasset Valley area and Wabanaki Alliance, if you find it accept
som e descendants are still there. 1am very able. We read your paper with enthusiasm
and are grateful for a link with the reserva
proud o f my Indian blood and I congrat
ulate the tribes of Maine in your recent tions. Our children are very proud to be
successful land settlement. I wish you able to say that we have our own news
continued success in all that you do, and paper. Keep up the go o d work; you are
look forward to receiving the ‘Wabanaki Filling a great need throughout the state
and beyond.
Alliance’from now on.
A great need
DIS Board of Directors
Jean Chavaree 1
chairman)
Donna Coring, Central Maine Indian Assoc.
George Tomer, Consultant
Jeannette Neptune. Community Developm ent Director
Jeannette LaPlante, Central Maine Indian Assoc.
Brenda Polchies
the people, and for you to refuse to
help out people (which is exactly what
you are doing when you refuse this
paper the funds it needs to survive)
as myself who are locked up and away
from home, surely isn ’ h elping us.
t
Being able to read what is happening
gives us a few minutes o f peace to our
selves. Would you refuse a few min-
Indian Island
Old Town
Indian Island
Indian Township
Old Town
Houlton
DIS is an agency of Diocesan Human Relations Services, Inc. of Maine. Sub
scription to this newspaper are available by writing to Wabanaki Alliance. 95
Main St.. Orono, Me. 04473. Diocesan Human Relations Services and DIS are a
non-profit corporation. Contributions are deductible for income tax purposes.
Rates: $5 per year 1 issues); $6 Canada and overseas; $10 for institutions
12
|schools, government, business, etc.)
Jo Anne Merrill Hauschel
Mary K. Wilson (Theresa M. Francis)
�Page 4
Wabanaki Alliance May 1981
Commentary
Overcoming contempt
By Pauline Mitchell
Archie LaCoote
Indian History is not like white man’
s
history, it is not labeled by dates, but by
moons and seasons that turn over and
m erge with the next. W ounded Knee was
not 1890, but the moon when the Indians
were told they no longer existed.
They do exist, half a million o f them, and
existing is, for the majority, living in the
broken jaw o f their lost kingdoms.
The reservations are the homes of a
nation defeated by the United States,
and in this respect Indians have been less
generously treated than either o f the two
other major nations conquered by that
country. Unlike Japan or Germany, no
great sums o f money have been spent on
their rehabilitation. In fact, their situation
worsened after their defeat.
In history, the U.S. government dis
covered that it was cheaper to keep them
on the reservation than try and kill them.
So they were marched into what was
thought to be useless pieces o f land.
The thinking behind the government’
s
actions is that the reservations are in fact
temporary, and that the Indian will even
tually disappear into the American main
stream. It meets with resistance. The
values are getting lost. “ When 1 first got white people who are trying to make us
married back in 1947, I got $1 a day. Then over into their image, they want us to be
I got a raise o f 50 cents. My wife was what they call assimilated, bringing the
pretty thrifty with every penny that I Indians into the mainstream and destroy
earned. O f course, my kids didn’ have a
t
ing our own way o f life and cultural pat
bicycle every year. They didn’ jum p in
t
terns. They believe that we should be
a ear to go someplace like they do now.”
If LaCoote worries about the young, he contented to becom e like those whose
concept of happiness is two cars and a
can keep busy. He has eleven grand
color TV, a very materialistic and greedy
children.
society which is very different from our
Stationed at Dow air base at Bangor in
own.
1946, LaCoote rem em bers taking the
ferry to Indian Island in pre-bridge days.
He worked for Bell Telephone in Sum
mit, N. J., and for a Westbury, Long
Island, N.Y., contractor. “ One morning 1
started work at 8 a.in. and 1 got the urge,
'what am I doing h ere?’ The plane was
leaving at 2 o ’
clock in the afternoon, and
at 3:30 I was in B angor." LaCoote had CEREMONY, by Leslie Marmon Silko
(Viking Press, New York. 1977).
com e home.
LaCoote spent 16 years as Passamaquoddy lieutenant governor, including a
Ceremony is a novel essentially about
term under John Stevens. He was elected
governor, serving prior to Gov. Allen J. the powers inherent in the process o f story
Sockabasin.
telling.
Asked about his views on the land claims
The main character in Ceremony is a
settlement and impending influx o f money, young half-breed Laguna Pueblo Indian
LaCoote said, “ if taken care o f wisely, named Tayo. He had been a prisoner of
it’ good. It all depends on how they use the Japanese during World War II, and the
s
the money.'They’re goin g to have to have
book also focuses on the lives of several
a financial board o f advisors and a finan
young Indian veterans from the Laguna
cial advisor. There’s no financial wizard
Reservation, after their return home.
h ere."
Tayo is hovering between life and death
not only because o f being a prisoner but
Cancer victim, now
well, savors each day
INDIAN TOWNSHIP —
At age 64.
Archie LaCoote. a Passamaquoddy grand
father. grins and is glad to be alive.
Five years ago he was treated for
cancer. “ I had four months left. Each day
that I have now is a gift.” says this veteran
o f World War II and Korea. In 1975,
LaCoote was working for Georgia-Pacific,
and was struck on the head with a railroad
iron by accident. He lost his memory
temporarily.
He has no trouble remembering things
today. “ You know the road onto Dana
Point (part of the reservation)? Archie
LaCoote built that,” he said. The road,
only a trail for years, was constructed in
1938-19.79. In earlier days, Indians canoed
to Peter Dana Point from Princeton village.
LaCoolc's father drove a 1932 Ford Model
“ I.."
LaCoote‘ father was Charles “ Frenchs
ie” LaCoote. who worked at G-P all his
life. His mother was Mary Socoby LaCoote.
“ Look at the change that has taken place,
water and sewer . . .” LaCoote remem
bered. “ People were happy back in those
days.”
LaCoote gazed from the window of the
Tribal Building, once a movie theater, then
a basket co-op. and now tribal government
offices. “ I've seen a lot o f changes here,"
he said: “ building homes, that’ the
s
change. You actually have to see what
went before to understand what we have
now.”
LaCoote first attended school in what is
now a Catholic chapel on the strip section
o f the reservation. After one-room school,
he and only two other Indian classmates
attended Princeton High School, now
closed. LaCoote and David Soctomah
graduated. Albert Dana dropped out.
Archie later took two years o f college under
the G.I. bill.
Was there prejudice back then? “ You
never got invited to (certain) people’s
houses in Princeton,” LaCoote recalled.
But he said “the people arc com ing around
slowly: they’ accepting us."
re
One person who accepted Archie is his
wife o f 35 years, Leona. “ I’ve had three
heart attacks," he said. He lifts weights,
walks, "and I fight with the old lady,”
LaCoote said with a chuckle. Their sons are
Basil. Arnold and Lawrence. Larry was.
adopted after his parents abandoned him
as a babv. He was stiff from the cold and
some people doubted he would recover
when the LaCoolcs took him in.
Asked about traditional Indian ways. La
Coote commented, “ a lot of these people
still have their old ways. It’ this young
s
generation we have to worry about in the
future, or even now." H e said he is con
cerned about drug abuse.
Drinking (alcoholism) is worse today
than years ago. LaCoote warned. Old
When so much has been written about
(he Indians and their way o f life, the con
tinuing deceit of the government, as
expressed by its actions, defies belief.
Once upon a time the Indians were
amused by the white m an’ ways; they had
s
often heard that while people hanged their
criminals by the neck and choked them to
death like dogs. The Indians soon learned
through bitter experience that the ways
o f the white man were som ething other
than amusing.
A different understanding
The white man has to overcom e centu
ries o f contempt in order to learn patience
with these ways, he differs in his under
standing of time and money. He sees the
Indian as incompetent, not only in his
working habits, but in his handling of
money. Where the problem o f alcoholism is
severe, it adds fuel to the white man’
s
contempt.
The Indian today is no better equipped
to withstand the effect o f drink than he was
in the past. There is nothing much in
reservation life that can keep unhappy
people from alcohol. Here the while man
has planted another disease on the wind,
when he defeated the Indians. With all
these influences and confusions, the white
man has tried to change the Indian. But
at heart, this seem s to make an Indian
more aware that being Indian is something
that can’ be taken away.
t
EDITOR’ NOTE — Pauline Mitchell is
S
a resident o f Indian Island, and is em
ployed by Penobscot Nation tribal govern
ment. She is a Navajo.
Book Nook
Census panel elected
also because in a sense he does not want
to survive. He at first, like the fellow
Indian veterans, tries to cure his despair
with alcohol and violence. Eventually he
fights against the easy cure,- searching
for another way. His search leads him to
the old stories and past traditions o f the
Pueblo’ curing ceremony.
s
Ceremony tells o f an Indian family, but
also it deals with despair. The despair
which accounts for violence and alcoholism
which occurs in many Indian communities
today:
Ceremony has been a great experience
lor me, as it will be for many others,
I m su re-
By Cathy Hurd
INDIAN ISLAND — A new Penobscot
tribal census committee has been elected
in a recent vote here.
Out of a slate of 1 candidates, nine
1
winners are to serve on the annual panel,
along with three senior citizens not yet
chosen. But a tie between Clara Jennings
and Neil Phillips, who both garnered 54
votes, may not be resolved until a recount
is held in June.
Clear winners w ere Carolyn Massey, 96
ballots; Rose Francis, 89 votes; Lottie
Stevens. 86; Doreen Bartlett, 84; Rose
Murphy, 82; Jean Chavaree, 74; Eunice
Crowley, 61; S. C. Francis, 59. Burnell
Mitchell was the onlv loser, with 49 votes.
Census prepared
INDIAN TOWNSHIP —
The 1980
Passamaquoddy tribal census has not yet
been officially released here, but census
committee chairman Basil LaCoote said
there are about 380 reservation residents
belonging to the tribe. He said there were
12 births and five marriages during the
past year. About 354 tribal members
live o ff reservation, he said.
JUST A BLUR — Indian Island Recreation Department’ rollerskating hockey teams get
s
into some action. The roller-hockey idea is new to the Island and new to the area, according
to Red Bartlett, recreation director. The kids should be in great shape for ice hockey next
winter, he said.
�waDanaki Alliance May 1981
To Gov. J.H. Nicholas
Page 5
Claims complaints
South Portland
Dear Mr. Nicholas.
I understand that the Referendum Vote
was rejected on Thursday. May 14. 1
can t say that I m sorry. I don’ understand
t
why Ihe two Councils should get 15% notwhy 30% should he reinvested since
554 million o f the original settlement was
used for investments.
In the Jan. 4. 1981 Sunday Telegram you
were quoted as saying that you received
a petition with 1 1 signatures requesting
8
the interest money be divided among the
people. At that time you also were quoted
as saying “1 that’ what they want that's
1
s
what they'll ge l.” What has happened to
change this? Also, why aren’ the offt
reservation Indians better informed?
I didn’t receive my newsletter informing
me o f the vote until May 12 yet the letter
was dated May 4. After calling some
Indian people in the Portland area I found
there were many that received no word at
all. others received word after the vote.
I m sure som e off— reservation Indians
would have taken part in the voting had
they been informed sooner, and those
that couldn’t be there should have been
sent absentee ballots. What I am trying to
say is please don’t penalize us for living
o ff the reservation. If we choose not to
live on the reservation that does not mean
we are less Indian; our choice of home
d o e sn ’ change our origin: our hearts
t
will always be with our tribe and our
people.
( ou include us in the count when
Y
applying for any benefits, you included us
in the count when you filed the land
claims suit, yet when it com es to enjoying
the harvest you’ like to forget the offd
reservation Indian exists.
I’d like to call your attention to the fact
that in 1976 there w ere 509 Indians living
on the reservation and there were 682
living off. So when the Land Claims
suit was filed the majority o f our people
w ere living off the reservation. It was only
after the news spread that the people
started moving back, mainly because they
w ere afraid that this was the only way
they would benefit. All o f us can not do
this: though our hearts are with our people
and tribe, our immediate families have to
com e first. W e suffered discrimination
and humiliation in our fight to stay in the
White man s world and we cannot give it
up now, but neither do we intend to give
up our heritage as Passamaquoddy In
dians. Ijoin the 181 people in their request
to have the interest payment divided
am ong the people.
Mary R. (Moore) Smith
The following people wish their names
added to the petition: Robert P. Smith Jr.,
Arlaina M. (Smith) Ryder, G eorge Newell,
Florence White. Barbara Hughes, Ernest
Hughes, Patricia (Hughes) Clement. Ruth
(Hughes) Ivey. Mary (Moore) Murdock,
Linda (Murdock) Marquis, Marion (Mur
dock) Roberts, Joseph Moore. Daniel
M oore. Marie (Thurlow) Munson. Thomas
Thurlow, Fredrick Thurlow, Betty Robin
son. Peter Moore. Peter Moore Jr.,
David Moore. Timothy Moore, Bruce
Moore.. Judith (Neptune) Morton, John
Neptune, Wayne Neptune, Ronald Nep
tune, Kenneth Neptune, Linda Neptune,
Raymond
Neptune,
Anna (Neptune)
Durkee.
Joint council denies paper place on agenda
ORONO — rhe joint Passamaquoddy
tribal council has refused to consider a
funding request from Wabanaki Alliance.
Allen J. Sockabasin. chairman o f the
council that represents Indian Township
and Pleasant Point reservations, told
Wabanaki Alliance that the council has
more important things to consider. He
refused to pul a funding proposal on the
agenda for any upcoming meeting.
Wabanaki Alliance recently received a
grant from Penobscot Nation, but has been
unsuccessful in securing aid from Passamaquoddys. Albert Dana o f Indian Town
ship. chairman of the local tribal council,
did not respond to a letter asking for a
place on his council’s agenda at an upcom
ing meeting.
Joe Socobasin helps young customers at his new store.
Nicknames identify new store
INDIAN TOWNSHIP — Who would be
lieve a new business known as Porky and
Fudd? It s true, and if you grew up here,
you'd know who was who.
Porky is Joseph Socobasin, who does not
deserve the nickname that he attributes to
his Indian family clan sign: the pig. Fudd is
Elmer Lank, and from Elm er’ first name
s
you can s ee where the Fudd com es from.
Socobasin and Lank are partners in a new
grocery’ sandwich and convenience store,
,
also licensed to sell beer and wine.
Absolutely no liquor will be sold after
hours, a sign proclaims. Using a remodeled
old building. Porky and Fudd’ is open
s
seven days per week, from 6 a.m. to about
11 p.m.
to use their medication right, they forget;
or they get to feeling better and quit
taking it altogether, which is the worst
thing they can do, he said.
One of the most abused drugs is Valium
in the Old Town area.
There is a book you can send for, listing
6,000 pills that are com ing off the market
soon, says the FDA. These are pills that
don’t work. You can send $7 to:
P.O. Box 19404
Washington. D.C. 20036
M AIL T O W A B A N A K I ALLIANCE, 95 M A IN ST R E E T , O R O N O . M A IN E 04473
W ABAN AKI A LL IA N CE S U B S C R IP T IO N FO RM
(Make checks payable to Wabanaki Alliance)
I EN CLOSE:
$5 for one year
(Individual— U.S.)
Street ................................................................
$6 for one year
(Canada)
$10 for one year
(Institutional rate)
City/Town and State ............................................. I
I Donation ,Amount)
Zip Code
----1
Joe Socobasin’ brother, Larry, minds
s
the shop. An elegant, accurate old weigh
ing scale was purchased from Arthur
Wheaton of Princeton for $25. Wheaton
owned a general store.
Asked how business was going, Socob.isin said. "I'm keeping my head up. "
VETERANS ADMINISTRATION
Owned Homes For Sale
in Washington County
Pharmacist says medicine mis-used
By Diane W ilson
INDIAN ISLAND — Charley King, a
pharmacist in Old Town, was quoted as
saving. "The meals for the senior citizens
is the best thing we could have here,
because so many o f our senior citizens live
alone and don’ like to eat alone. When
t
cooking for just two persons it is hard to
do, so this way they get one go o d balanced
meal and friendship." He also said the
older people age 50 and up don't know how
I always thought about doing this,”
said Socobasin, who with his wife Mary
Ellen have three children, aged 14, 12 and
five. A woodsman, Socobasin said he is
considering renting space in the Legacy
and Savage garage across Route 1 from his
home. The garage went out o f business
recently. " I ’ playing it by ear now,” he
m
said.
Equal Housing
OPPORTUNITY
M ain Street, Baring, M aine
3 bedroom , 2-car ga ra ge — 527,900.00 —
5200.00 D.P.
9 A cadem y Street, Calais, M aine
4 bedroom , ready to m ove into. R ed u ced to
527.500.00 — 5500.00 D.P.
Summer Street, Calais, Maine
4 bedroom , new heating system —
521.900.00 — 5200.00 D.P.
Main Street, Princeton, Maine
4 bed ro o m — attached garage. R edu ced to
526.000.00 - no D.P.
ANYONE CAN BUY
YOU DON’ HAVE TO
T
BE A VETERAN
See Your Local Real
E state Broker Or
Contact
All VA financed
At
p r e v a ilin g in te re s t ra tes
VETERANS. ADMINISTRATION
LOAN GUARANTY DIVISION
TOGUS, MAINE 04330
Tel. 207-623-8411 Ext. 433
�Page 6
Wabanaki Alliance May 1981
Services director assaulted
INDIAN TOWNSHIP— John Stevens is
back on the job as tribal social services
director, with a scar above one eye.
Earlier this year he was beaten up by
two relatives, after he denied services to
them, he said. The two male attackers
first called his office demanding help. He
told them they would first have to qualify
like anyone else, and they used fourletter language over the phone. He hung
up.
The two men came to his office, where
they were again refused. Then, Stevens
alleges, they used brass knuckles to beat
him. He was hospitalized with injuries
received in the assault.
Stevens said he had little chance of
fighting back, with two on one, and the
brass knuckles.
He said the two men faced charges in
tribal court, but that sentences arc too
lenient in the Indian-run court.
Stevens, former tribal governor, has
been in his new job eight months. He was
assaulted after three months on the job,
and said he is now considering leaving
the position. He is a m em ber o f the Passamaquoddy tribal council.
In another incident. Stevens said he
stored $3,000 worth o f Indian jewelry in
his office, from which he was selling it,
only to have the entire amount stolen.
Indians graduate from UNB
FREDERIC! ON, N.B. —
Seventeen
Micmae and Malisect students received
bachelor o f education degrees from the
University o f New Brunswick at the 152nd
Encaenia. May 21. This group of grad
uates constitutes the largest number of
New Brunswick Indian students ever to
graduate from UNB in a single year and
will increase the number o f Indian teachers
in the province.
The graduates are Paula Bcar-Pirie,
Delbert Moulton, Timothy Nicholas,
Mary Perley and Warren Tremblay of
Tobiquc: Margaret (Peggy) Clement.
Freda Levi. Marion Sanipass, Lucy Simon
and Levi Sock, o f Big Cove; Gail Metallic
.and Donna M etallic o f Rcstigouche,
' Quebec: Patricia Sark o f Oromoeto; and
Robert Dale Brooks. Margaret (Cindy)
Gabriel, Irene Mullin, and Christine
Saulis o f Fredericton. The two students
graduating last fall were Robert Atwin of
Kingsclcar and Claudia Simon o f Big Cove.
An additional 72 students were admitted
to the program last September. O f this
group, approximately 60 com pleted the
first year o f study. This class, scheduled
to graduate in 1984, includes students Donna Sanipass
from the Eskasoni Reserve in Nova Scotia.
Cherokee team outshoots Vermillion
In a fiercely battled contest for first
place. Ihe Cherokee Nation Renegades
of lalilcquah. Ok. squ eezed past the
Vermillion. S.D. team in the final 30
seconds of play to claim the National
Indian Activities
Association
Men's
Basketball Championship for 1981 last
week in Tahletjuah.
Island resident 85
INDIAN ISLAND —
Sarah (Sadie)
Kanco. a Penobscot, turned 85 years of
age on April 2. making her the oldest living
m em ber o f the tribe, so far as is known.
She is a member o f the Senior Citizens
group, and lives in her own residence.
CMIA served
594 persons
ORONO —
Central Maine Indian
Association, a statewide social services and
advocacy group, dealt with a total of
594 people in 1980.
A service population report says CMIA
helped 209 Micniacs, 150 Passamaquoddys. 85 Penobscot.s, 69 Maliseets, and 81
individuals with other tribal affiliations.
A total o f 319 family units were helped.
Primarily involved in assisting offreservation Indians. CMIA has also aided
reservation residents seeking jo b s or
basic services. Funding the Orono-based
agency has become increasingly difficult,
and more than one staff m em ber has been
laid off recently.
Among the needs addressed by CMIA
are "advocacy for other services," employment/education, institutional
support,
family support, tribal affiliation verifica
tion, hunting/fishing
licenses,
food,
adoption/foster
care,
wcatherization.
winterization and fuel assistance.
In other CMIA business, Penobscot
Nation has joined the agency in a proposal
submitted to the federal government under
the Indian Child Welfare Act. The federal
Indian Health Service [IHSJ has helped
develop the proposal, as has Harry Rainbolt. eastern regional official of the U.S.
Bureau of Indian Affairs.
From an eight-point lead, the Renegades
watched Vermillion recoup to a tied-up
ballgam e and with less than a minute left
to play, the teams traded fouls and free
shots until (lie clock expired with the
Renegades on topside, 85-83.
' Also claiming trophies were: Third,
Lakola Coup Counters (1976 & 1977
champs) of S.D.; Fourth, Oklahoma
Indians. Concho. Ok.; Fifth. X-Haskell.
Native gathering set
this fall in Geneva
Micmac artist takes
break from studies
MAPLETON — Homd sw eet home is
how Donna Sanipass, 25, feels about
returning to her family here, after
studying at Institute of American Indian
Arts in Santa Fe, New Mexico.
I came back here to get away. No cares
or responsibilities; it feels so peaceful
here, she said. With her is son, Max
Romero, who will be' one year old this
month, she is taking a needed break.
She enjoyed Santa Fe. where another
Maine Indian, Passamaquoddy Brenda
Murphy from Pleasant Point, was also
enrolled. Besides studying painting and
museum theory, she played volleyball and
softball. Now she is interested in child
protective services.
While in Santa Fe, Sanipass got to know
the Laguna-Taos Puebld Indians. “They’
re
really strict.. When I went in there they
WASHINGTON —
An international
conference on Indigenous People and the
Land is scheduled for mid-September,
1981, in Geneva, Switzerland. The con
ference, sponsored by the NGO Sub
com m ittee on Racism, Racial Discrimina
tion, Apartheid and Decolonization, is
planned as a follow-up to the 1977 Inter
national Conference on Discrimination
Against Indigenous Populations in the
Americas, which was held at the United
Nations building in Geneva. Entitled
"International NGO Conference on Indi
genous Peoples and the Land," the
BOSTON — The Penobscot Nation has
conference will be held September 14-17, been selected to host a New England-wide
1981. The planning committee anticipates Indian conference. May 5, on federalthat approximately 150 to 200 indigenous tribal relations in terms o f grants and
delegates.
NGO
representatives and services.
interested persons will be invited to attend.
The federally sponsored workshop will
take place at a Methodist Church building
in Washington, D.C. Am ong issues on the
agenda are housing, education, health and
human services, econom ic development,
The director o f TGl's Film Project federal recognition, legal services, food
announced recently that the title "W e and nutrition.
Agencies involved include CETA, Ad
Are Still Here!" has been changed to "W e
ministration for Native Americans and
Are Still Editing!”
Community Services Administration. The
Actually, the film is very near com ple
afternoon o f presentations has been
tion. Director Jay Kent said. Final lab
organized by Barbara Namias. coordinator
processes will add a month to the release o f the Indian Task Force in Boston, a
date, but the film will be ready for review federal group to aid in funding New
by Indian advisors within a couple of England Indians.
weeks.
Jam es Sappier o f Indian Island, a
The Film Project is very anxious to hear Penobscot and co-chairman o f the task
from groups and individuals interested in force, will present a regional overview at
screening the film, especially outside of the "issu es workshop."
Maine. For information, contact Jay
Indian groups involved, in addition to
Kent, c/o Tribal Governors, Inc., 93 Main Penobscots. are the Mashantucket Pequot
Street, Orono. Me. 04473. or call (207) o f Connecticut; New Hampshire Indian
866-5526.
Council; Boston Indian Council; Passama-
w ere really upset," she recalled, on
visiting a Pueblo ceremonial event. “They
came over to me ... they w ould’ thrown
ve
me out if I wasn't Indian." I
In Santa Fe, she m et K en Romero,
father of her child. He is staying out west.
Sanipass rem em bers that as a child, “I
did a lot of harvesting (potatoes and blue
berries), making money for school and
clothing, and half for m y mom.”
She was called “n igger” in school, in
Mapleton. “My dad would say fight back.
I’ the kind who would turn the other
m
cheek.” Sanipass even reached the point
where she “hated every white man.” She
ran away from home, to Portland, but
returned soon after.
Sanipass’ father Don is from Big Cove,
New Brunswick, and her m other is from
Shubenachadie, Nova Scotia.
Penobscots to host workshop
Take me to the movie
quoddy Tribe; Abenaki Self-Help Associa
tion; Wampanoag Tribal Council o f Gay
Head. Massachusetts; Central Maine
Indian Association of Orono; Connecticut
Indian Affairs Council; Rhode Island
Indian Council; and Narragansett Tribe
o f Rhode Island.
Poets due in Portland
PORTLAND —
Tw o Indian Island
residents will discuss "talking sticks”
and wampum belts, am ong other things,
at a one day course called "con cep ts of
speaking.”
Isabelle Shay, Micmac, and Carol Dana,
Penobscot, both poets, will present the
program June 14, from 10 a.m. to 2:30
p.m., at Shaler School, North Street.
The program is sponsored by Feminist
College, a group offering "an education
that encourages cooperative study and
problem-solving, reflects the resources of
all learners, relates survival issues and
global concerns, envisions a just and
humane future."
�Wabanaki Alliance May 1981
Page 7
Micmacs accept $1.2 million
NYANZA, Nova Scotia —
Micmac
Indians recently voted narrowly to approve
a land claims settlement o f $1.2 million,
in exchange for 3.500 acres o f highlyvalued shore frontage.
The land lost by the tribe borders the
famed Bras d ’ Lake in Cape Breton, an
Or
Court wants ruling
on Mohegan claim
WASHINGTON — The U.S. Sup.• erne
Court has asked the Justice Department for
its views on a matter that could affect
Indian claims to millions o f acres o f land in
the Eastern United States. According to
an Associated Press report, the Court
Dougall o f Indian Island, and William D. will wait until it hears from the Justice
M cDougall o f Bridgeport, Connecticut. Department before considering Connecti
s
Dean is the son o f R ebecca and Daniel cu t’ effort to avoid having to defend itself
Francis o f Pleasant Point. The ceremony from the Mohegan Indian Tribe’s claim to
was performed by Virgie Johnson, retired 2,500 acres o f land under the 1790 Indian
area agent for the state Department of Non-intercourse Act. The state claims
Indian Affairs. A w edding cake was baked that the Act applies only to land located in
by Grace Bailey o f Pleasant Point. Janice "Indian Country,” then the western
has one son. Domekin Attcan McDougall.
frontier. The state lawyers also contend
Dean Francis is currently in the U. S.
that even if the 1790 Act applies to eastern
Army, stationed in Kaiserslautern, Ger
states, the Connecticut land involved
many. His wife will join him there.
should be exempt under a'separate law
dealing with Indian-owned lands surround
ed by non-Indian settlements. The U.S.
District Court refused to dism iss the suit
as requested by the state and this ruling
For those readers that did not know the- was upheld by the 2nd U.S. Circuit Court
identity o f two smiling persons in a front o f Appeals.
page photo in last m onth’ Wabanaki
s
Alliance, here is the information.
At left is Sister Claire, a Catholic Sister
of Mercy who has worked at Indian Town
ship. and now is stationed at Indian
WASHINGTON —
Interior Secretary
Jam es Watt has not made a final decision
Island. Beside her is Fawn LaDonna Nep
s
tune, five-year-old daughter o f Timothy on whether to move B lA ’ Institute of
Neptune [ShayJ. Fawn’ mother is an American Indian Arts (IAIA) at Santa Fe,
s
Alaskan native. Fawn is currently living New Mexico to a new site.
with Jim and Bonnie Sappier at Indian
Newspapers in Santa Fe and Albu
Island.
querque had announced that the school
would be moved and the campus facilities
used for an All Pueblo Indian high school.
The stories announcing the change were
Bride and groom, Janice and Doan Francis, are flanked nl wedding ceremony by best man
Leonard Francis, and maid o f honor Teri McDougall.
McDougall-Francis
PLEASANT POINT — Janice McDougall
o f Indian Island becam e the bride o f Dean
Francis o f Pleasant Point. Wednesday.
April 22, at the hom e o f the groom's
parents.
Janice is the daughter o f Rene Me-
Ball club starts
INDIAN TOWNSHIP — David Sockabasin, a player anyone would want on his
team, is organizing two reservation
baseball teams this season, and in another
corner, a women's softball team is getting
off the ground. David will b e fortunate
if his famed ball-playing brothers —
Raphael, Clayton, and Patrick — join up.
Contact David for m ore information on
what could be a couple o f crack teams.
Thot mutual feeling
island connected by causeway to Nova
Scotia mainland. The settlement marks
the final round o f a decade o f negotiations
bv the W agm atcook Indian Band and the
government Office o f Native Claims.
Most o f the money will be used by the
band to buy land, and start economic
development, according to Chief Benedict
Pierro. Pierro said he is satisfied with the
settlement, especially in view o f the
initial government offer o f $280,000.
This isn’ the end o f the W agmatcooks’
t
efforts to bring claims. Pierro said the next
step is to proceed against the provincial
government.
Hawaiians may
bring land claim
HAWAII — Native Hawaiians may set
forth a land claim for at least 200.000
acres, according to Joe Kcaloha. spokes
man for Office o f Hawaiian Affairs.
In the late 1800s, native government was
overthrown by whites, and no land was
returned to the original people, despite
urgings o f President Grover Cleveland.
Later, when Hawaii was annexed to the
U.S., a Hawaiian H om es Act provided
200,000 acres for natives. Kcaloha said in a
telephone conversation. However, that
land was taken from the natives when
Hawaii achieved statehood in 1959.
Kcaloha said he was interested in how
Penobscots and Passam aquoddys success
fully negotiated their $81.5 million settle
ment. which includes purchase of 300,000
acres.
Watt won't say what on art school
Wickeegan to
feature claims
Secord graduates
PORI LAND — Theresa K. Secord. 23.
of Portland graduated April 25. from the
University of Southern Maine, with a
degree in earth science and geology.
Secord. the daughter of Lawrence and
Marv Secord and a Penobscot, was award
ed a special minority scholarship to pursue
her PhD in geology at University o f Wis
consin at Madison, where she has been
accepted.
She is a graduate o f South Portland High
School, and outside interests include
caving and canoeing.
Indian research explored
WASHINGTON —
A symposium on
American Indian research will be held at
National Archives building, Washington,
July 27-31. 1981.
Designed for researchers with interests
ranging from tribal history and genealogy
to demography and social history, this
symposium will explore the wide variety
of records, and sources for American
Indian research. The sym posium will
focus on use o f state, federal, and prefcdcral sources with em phasis on method
ology.
reported to be based on statements by
m em bers of the New M exico Congressional
delegation after a breakfast meeting with
W att on April I.
Watt’ statement acknowledged that
s
the plan to tuni the campus over to the
Pueblo Council for its high school had
merit but stressed that there is “ no firm
proposal and a final decision has not
been made.
ORONO — The next airing of the public
television Indian program, Wickeegan,
will feature the Maine Indian land claims
and related issues.
Sponsored by Maine Public Broad
casting Network [MPBN|, the show is
hosted and produced by Kim Mitchell,
a Penobscot. The show is set for
June 15, at 7:30p.m.
Indian bank featured
WASHINGTON —
A recent feature
story in the Washington Post described
the American Indian National Bank as
" o n e o f the most successful minority
financial institution ventures in the United
States today.”
Citing the bank as “ one of the more
a ggressive institutions in the D.C. area,”
the Post noted that the Indian bank’
s
deposits rose by 39 percent in the past
year, when the average increase for
bank deposits was only about 9 percent.
In 1980. the Indian bank's earnings
w ent from 5421,541 to $457,957.
Indians in cultural event
FORT KENT — Two Maine Indians
were scheduled to participate in a three
day ethnic meeting here. May 1-3.
Francis Sapiel o f Indian Island, and Gary
Ennis o f Caribou, planned to attend TriState Multi-Cultural Conference, a concept
begun three years ago. The conference
will take place at University o f Maine at
Fort Kent.
Rosalie retires
After six years of service, Rosalie Clark of Indian Island retired this month from Wabanaki
Corporation, an intertribal alcoholism agency based in Orono. One of the original
counselors, she worked with clients both on and off reservation. She was feted by fellow
workers, including Indian Township counselor Bernard Stvens, above.
�Mohawk traditionalists want total sovereignty
RONO — About 70 people, half of
Indians, listened as two spokesmen
the Mohawk traditionalist movement
ined gloomy prospects,
he University o f Maine Distinguished
ure topic was "H osta ges in our midst;
ys struggle for sovereignty among
’
ve Americans." But the struggle is
and hard, and the su ccesses small,
jjuest speakers said,
ike Meyers, editor o f the traditionalist
spaper Akwesasnc Notes, appeared
auraged that people such as indivis in the audience were unable to help
traditionals —
som etim es called
:als by their detractors — achieve
•goals.
evers and fellow Mohawk Earl Cross
e it clear their goals include total
reignty for the Mohawk Nation, and
1cement of the elective tribal govem. system, with the original, hereditary
•m administered by elders o f the
. I he elective system was imposed by
society earlier in this century. In
raditional system, male leaders are
’n by women (Mohawks were a
iarchal society in (he past).
’.vers and Cross argue for a separate
n nation, apart from U.S. govem1
1
t until the lecture itself, held last
h on campus, did sponsors know who
coming to represent the Mohawk
m. The sponsors w ere Distinguished
ire Scries. Maine Peace Action Comc and The Honors Center at UMO.
potluck Indian social took place the
evening, on Indian Island, for the
twk guests.
e speakers addressed broad general sovereign rights, environmental isand traditional culture, in view of
present role o f suppression and exition by the U.S. government."
government is trying to get rid of
ns by denying them rights, the
ccr.s said.
v its
accused the federal Indian
h Service [IHS| and Bureau o f Indian
‘ |BIA| of plotting to terminate
S
n ways and Indian tribal existence.
Poetry
It’ a D og’s Life
s
TOR’ NOTE: This poem is written
S
morv of "L ady" o f Indian Island;
mis the least 1could do ," the author
ifter 1 years of canine companion
6
's bad as it can be,
ard on a dog like me.
nc legs are so damn frail,
nd stumble down a dusty trail.
day don’ feel so good,
t
each fleas like I should,
md worms are irritation,
•is such an aggravation.
o leave my home-sweet-home,
Spirit beckons where buffalo roam,
mil's down on bended knee,
s wel, she prays for me.
rc howling all about,
ourn and cry and even shout.
'ig powwow for a friend,
icy love until the end.
aised some hell and that’ no lie
s
me sleep before I die.
is more merciful that way.
V . my friends. I’m going away.
'C
"P. J." Becker
Drug law
(Continued from page 1 )
Neil Phillips. Penobscot tribal member,
stood up from the audience and declared
the Maine Indian land claim s settlement of
1980 has cheated Indian people of their
rights. He said he wanted to bring suit to
halt
the
Pcnobscot-Passamaquoddy
settlement, already ratified by Congress.
Phillips accused M eyers and his tradi
tionalists o f relusing to help traditional
Pcnobscots in their time o f need.
Meyers said Pcnobscots did not follow
proper procedure, and a special request
for help would have to be approved
through appropriate channels.
M eyers said concerned individuals,
such as members of the audience, were not
big enough to help the traditionalist
cause. He said " fa m ilies" could help, as
could organizations such as Goddard
C ollege in Vermont, and The Farm, a
communal business-living venture in
Tennessee.
M eyers said he believes in a "dialogu e"
between spirit and the earth but did not say
how traditional Indians could co-exist with
outside society.
Cross discussed Indian Way School, a
so-called “ survival sch o o l" where Mohawk
traditions and language are taught. He
explained that instead o f using biased,
printed textbooks, students build their
own books with looseleaf binders, adding
pages of knowledge as they learn.
Cross claims the Mohawk Indian dropout
rate in public schools was its high as 80
percent, but is less than- two percent in
the Indian Way School. Classes are com
posed of 15-15 pupils. O f those applying to
colleges, 100 percent were accepted. Cross
said.
Cross called the school part of "a
revolution to get rid o f a system that
produces non-natives from native people."
Later he said. " I hear in the paper that
Indians are getting all kinds o f land back.
It isn ’t that way."
barbituafes. Marijuana is a civil offense
with possession o f one and onc-half
ounces or less. With m ore than that
amount, the offense becom es a Class D
crime, and is handled in state courts.
Prior to the land claim s settlement,
there was a period when drug cases would
have been handled in federal courts. Now.
tribal and state courts handle most of
fenses.
The new drug ordinance states:
"A ny non-member convicted o f sale,
possession, or providing of scheduled
drugs as described in Tribal Law, Title
17 and 17A, shall be banished from the
lands o f the Penobscot Nation for life.
"Any adult member o f the Penobscot
Nation convicted o f sale, o f providing
scheduled drugs as described in Tribal
Law, Title 17 and 17A, shall forfeit all
rights as a member for ninety (90) days
including banishment for that period from
tribal lands for the first offense, six (6
)
months loss o f all rights including banish
ment from tribal lands for that period for a
second offense, and permanent loss of
rights and permanent banishment from
tribal lands for life for the third offense
on Penobscot Territory.
“ Any member who assists in the arrest
or conviction of any person/persons
selling scheduled drugs be rewarded
$500.00.”
Sioux seek to block
Black Hills payoff
Getting good marks
Dennis Tomnh, Young Adult Conservation Corps [YACC] director at Indian Township
shows his pleasure at a favorable review from federal evaluation team m em bers
Deborah Harstedt and Jam es Gregg. The YACC program s here, and at Indian Island,
have experienced severe cutbacks in funding, in recent months.
Micmac-Maliseet program to serve
Indian, non-Indian teachers
FREDERICTON. N.B. — A MicmacMaliseet educational development institute
is in the works at University o f New Bruns
wick, with a $150,000 grant from a Cana
dian foundation.
The purpose o f the institute is to famil
iarize M icmac and Maliseet teachers and
other educators with instructional and
curriculum developm ent resources and
processes with particular reference to the
needs o f native Indian children in the
school system ; and to train and otherwise
educate teachers and others to assume
leadership roles in curriculum develop
ment in the future.
Specifically, the institute will create a
Micmac-Maliseet curriculum resources
center; initiate m eetings and conferences
pertinent to Miemac-Maliscet education;
conduct a program o f practical research
with an aim to capitalizing upon parallel
work done elsewhere in Canada and the
United States; investigate the place of
native languages in the curriculum through
the assem bling o f data and the bringing
together of existing scholarly expertise
on the M icmac-Maliseet tongues; produce
printed curriculum materials; and provide
an educational information service to
native bands, school committees and
individuals.
The institute will serve primarily the
native teachers and non-native teachers of
native children at reserves in New Bruns
wick, Cape Breton and the Gaspe penin
sula in Quebec, as well as native teachers
in provincial sch ools attended by native
children.
The institute and its staff will be as
sociated with the special Indian studies
program now functioning as part o f UNB’
s
faculty o f education.
INDIANPLCRAFT
SU P
IE S
c d e c
148 Page
Catalog
The world's largest
Indian Crafts Catalog.
Mora than 4,000 Items
to choose from I
For tree catalog,
Trade Beads, fin Cones,
Brass Beads. Moire Taffeta
Ribbon, Ermine Skins.
Bone Elk Teeth. Shawl
Fringe and 'fern.
4REYOWL ,
113-15 Springfield Blvd.
Queens Village, N.Y. 11429
Despite a U.5. suprem e court decision,
members or the Oglala Sioux Tribe of
South Dakota are seeking to block the
federal government from paying them and
other Sioux $105 million for land taken in
1877.
Lawyers for the Indians told the U.S.
circuit court o f appeals they want land
rather than money.
In addition the Indians are seeking
$1 billion in trespass dam ages and $10
billion for mineral resources removed from
the area. On June 30. 1980, the supreme
court ordered the government to pay the
Sioux $17.1 million plus interest since 1877
(a total o f about $105 million) for the 7.3
million acres taken.
C A N T FIND A JOB?
Try the
JOB CORPS
Would you like to be trained as a ...
Bookkeeper
Secretary/Stenographer
Clerk Typist
Nursing Assistant
If you are 16 to 21 and not in school,
the Penobscot Job Corps Center has
training programs which may be of
interest to you.
The Penobscot Job Corps Center
provides all trainees with a -place to
live, meals, health care and a cash
monthly stipend while you learn. And
when you finish, we'll also help you
find a job.
SOUND GOOD?
IT IS GOOD.
ASK FOR JOB CORPS
— in the Portland area— 775-7225
— in the Auburn area— 786-4190
— in the Bangor area— 947-0755
— or Loll free anywhere in Maine
at 1-800-432-7307
ASK FOR
JOB CORPS RECRUITM ENT
�Wabanaki Alliance May 1981
Poetry
EDITOR’S NOTE: The following three
poem s were written by pupils at Indian
Township Elementary School, who arc
enrolled in Maine Migrant Education.
Their teacher is migrant tutor Allen
Doherty.
0,n A Hot Summer
At the lake
On a hot, sunny day.
When the sun has just com e up,
I hear the trees swaying back and forth.
I see the water and children swimming.
I enjoy going in a canoe and
paddling along the shoreline.
1will feel like I’ lived there
ve
All summer.
Dorothy Newell
Grade 6
A Favorite Place
Aroostook serenity
Aroostook potato field plowed for planting, with a light dusting o f snow. [Photo bv Donald
Sanipass]
Seven graduate from UMO
ORONO — Four Indian students gradu
ated this month at the Orono campus, and
three more Indians graduated from Bangor
Community College this spring.
According to Theodore (Ted) Mitchell,
counselor to Indian students and an assist
ant dean at UMO, lour to five more Indian
students will graduate in December.
Earning highest distinction in elementary
education at Orono was Linda A. Stewart
Phillips o f Dover-Foxcroft. Penobscot and
wife o f Reuben Phillips, tribal representa
tive to the state legislature.
Also graduating with degrees in ele
mentary education at UMO were Penobseols Janice Attean McDougall and James
Horatio Sanborn III. McDougall lives on
Indian Island. Sanborn in Bangor.
Donna Levesque, an Indian from Fort
Fairfield, graduated at Orono with a degree
in food and nutrition.
At BCC, Calvin Nicholas, a Passamaquoddy, graduated with an associate degree
in human services, as did Grace Colburn, an
Alaskan Eskimo.
David Nelson, Penobscot from Indian
Island, graduated from BCC with an
associate degree in liberal studies.
Recently, Joe Marshall and Alec Denny of
Eskasoni Micmac Reserve in Cape Breton,
Nova Scotia, visited the Orono campus.
They said they were interested in a U.S.
college, Mitchell said.
Micmac second in Marathon
By Cathy Hurd
BOSTON — Patti Lyons Catalano, a
Micmac runner and queen o f U.S. women
distance runners, was second in the
wom en’ division o f the Boston Marathon,
s
held recently.
Her time was two hours, twenty-seven
minutes, and fiftyon c seconds. The
distance o f the race was twenty-six miles,
three hundred eighty-five yards. New
Zealand's Allison Roe cam e in first with a
lime of two hours, twenty-six minutes,
forty-five seconds.
Catalano comes from a fatherless
family of nine. Her mother is from Nova
Scotia. They live in Quincy. Mass.
Catalano had to repeatedly explain to
reporters why she finished second for the
third straight year: ‘‘I did everything I
wanted to except win. I didn’ do anything
t
wrong. She [Allison Roe] just outran me,
that’ all,” said Boston’s best known
s
runner, who says she will return another
year.
In comparison to M aine’ Joan Benoit:
s
Benoit says things are “ interesting.”
Catalano says things are “ wicked.”
Benoit came in third with a time o f two
hours, thirty minutes, and fifteen seconds.
Evidence of early white trading post
UNITY — Whites may have settled near
Indians earlier than has been thought,
according to archaeologist Ted Bradstreet.
Bradstreel. writing for the Maine
Archaeological Society Bulletin, said his
students from Unity C ollege unearthed
evidence that the Pilgrims o f Plymouth,
Mass., had a trading post 22 m iles up the
Kennebec River before they were driven
out by Indians in the 17th century.
He said resulting disputes over land
titles produced various historical claims,
‘‘
and the real history got lost.”
I like to walk in the woods,
On a cool and sunny day.
Very early in the morning.
I hear the sounds o f chirping
Birds and moving brush.
I can hear deer and m oose in
the sparkling stream, while 1am hunting.
I would like to go back in a week.
W here I am very happy.
Dickie Sabattus
Grade 8
Visiting the Beach
Up the beach,
When summer comes.
About noon,
1hear water splashing on the rocks,
And I hear squirrels talking back and
forth.
I like to go swimming.
And I'll go back next year,
When I'll feel happy again.
Laura Sockabasin
Grade 6
Untitled
Rem em ber days
at the Linkview
You learned about
me. I learned
about you.
shared each other's dreams
shared each other’ love.
s
Summer walks
evening talks
to Cascade Park
watching Buzby
grow and play.
Evening talks of better
days.
Yes, you gave
me love,
gave me a home
Then left me
all alone.
C. M. Abumadi
Skitikuk « J » Outfitters
Bradstreet, a resource conservation
archaeologist for the Maine Historic
Preservation Com m ission, said recently,
histories indicated there may have been
Specialists in wilderness travel.
several Pilgrim outposts on the lower
Sales - Rentals - Guide Service
K ennebec River. But their locations were
difficult to pinpoint becau se English set
tlers were driven out by Indians in 1676.
H om e of Igas Island custom-made
“ This site is exciting because it’ all
s
packs and equipment
new stuff." he said. “ We were able to
show there was som eone there in the
38 Main St.
O ro n o
866-4878
1600s.”
Page 9
Basketball tourney
held in Boston
BOSTON — Eight teams played in a
recent basketball tournament, involving six
men’ teams, plus two women's teams.
s
Mashpee won the championship and
Peter Dana Point was runner-up, with
Harvard coming in third.
Other teams in the tournament were
Boston Indian Council, Native American
Program — Dartmouth. Brockton Indian
Center and the women’ teams. The ladies
s
o f the Pcnobscots won two games over a
strong B.I.C. ladies team. All games were
well played and the most valuable player
award went to Tom Maddox o f Mashpee
and the most valuable player award for the
ladies went to Cindy Akins Francis. The
sportsmanship award went to Jason Leves
que o f Peter Dana Point and the All Star
team o f the tournament went to Guy Wayne,
Jr. Pehrson o f Harvard. Calvin Nicholas of
Peter Dana Point. Mark Chevariec, Dart
mouth, Tom Maddox and Allan Maxim of
Mashpee.
The games were sponsored by Boston
Indian Council, assisted by Steve Smith.
Dennis Catering Service.
Credit for organizing the event goes to
Sam Sapid, a Penobscot who heads recrea
tion at Boston Indian Council. He helped
found the Eastern Indians Activity Associa
tion.
A/litchell case pending
BANGOR — A $350,000 suit against
Wabanaki Corporation o f Orono is still
pending, a court clerk reports.
The suit, brought to court one year ago
by former corporation head George M.
Mitchell, asks for dam ages following
firing o f Mitchell as director.
Last March, Superior Court Judge
Jessie B riggs dism issed several parts of
M itchell’ original complaint, but fell
s
short o f dism issing [or filing] the entire
suit.
It was not immediately known what the
next step would be.
Crow fribe seeks hearing
WASHINGTON — The Crow Tribe is
seeking reconsideration by the U.S.
Suprem e Court of its March 24 ruling that
the portion o f the Bighorn River flowing
through the Crow Reservation belongs to
the State o f Montana and not the tribe.
According to a report in the Billings
Gazette, Tribal Chairman Forest Horn has
form ed a special com m ittee to petition the
high court for a rehearing o f the case.
The Supreme Court will consider peti
tions submitted within 25 days after a
ruling. The Crows did not indicate what
would be the grounds for their petition.
HARDWARE
& GUN SHOP
TOM VICA1RE, Proprietor
The only Indian-owned hardware
business in the State o f Maine
‘‘W e’re eager to do business with people
in the Indian community." says Tom.
The store carries a full line of tools,
electrical and plumbing supplies, paint
and housewares. Also, a selection o f fine
new and used guns.
See Our Garden Supplies and Tools
For all your hardware and
hunting needs, visit —
MATT AW AMKEAG HARDWARE &
GUN SHOP
and sample some good Indian hospitality
and service.
�Wabanaki Alliance May 1981
Page 10
Tribal census important
(Continued from page 1)
L. Tomer and Anita M. Tomer.
Twelve deaths occurred in 1980. and
three in 1979 not ‘
previously reported.
Last year, these persons passed on:
Louis Bernard, Harry (Tony) Francis Jr.,
Ronald (Senabeh) Francis. Cynthia Knight.
John M. Mitchell Sr.. Mary L. Paul, Willis
R. Pearl Jr., Wilfred R. Pehrson, Delia M.
Ranco, Patrick J. Shay. Catherine M.
Tomer and James L. Tomer.
In 1979, Edna Murphy, David T. Rush
and Mary Spelkcr died.
Abandoned tribe
These persons “ aban doned" the tribe,
and arc no longer regular tribal members:
Mary N. Sapid. Clarice M. Sapid, James
Sapiel. Flora M. Sapid. Joseph M. Sapid.
Sapid. Flora M. Sapiel. Joseph M. Sapiel.
Veronica A. Sapiel and Edgar Tomer.
A total of 81 non-Indians live on Indian
Island, all hut a lew o f whom are attached
bv marriage to an Indian person.
Among non-Indians are school principal
Sr. Helen McKeough. Sisters o f Mercy
Florence, Theresa, and Claire DeRoche,
and the Rev. John Civicllo. Mary Warren
is the only apparently unattached nonIndian listed who is not part of the religious
group.
The Pcnobscots two years ago passed
an ordinance for removal o f unattached
non-Indians on the reservation.
Among non-Pcnobscot Indians re
presented on Indian Island are Athabas
can, Passamaquoddy, Micmac, Navajo,
M aliseet and Chippewa.
Listed as “other persons of Indian
d escen t” who are residents of Indian
Island are Gwenuhwct Dana, Jo Dana,
Mynah Dana. Winona Lola. Derek Francis.
Brock A. Jenkins, Laurence and Jeremia
Goodall, Michael LaCasse, Shana L.
Nelson and Joshua Vermette.
One recent developm ent among tribal
mem bers is the use o f authentic Indian
names, as in above paragraph, and in
listings o f new births.
New Indian population
figures more accurate
BOSTON — Maine Indians have long
claimed official estimates are well below
actual Indian population.
Now. as findings o f the 1980 U.S. Census
emerge, it appears new figures are going
lo be significantly higher than old ones —
in fact, arc going to be close to unofficial
surveys some Indian grou ps cited in the
past.
That is what the Maine advisory' commit
tee to the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights
has found by comparing recently an
nounced 1980 U.S. Census data to various
old estimates. "The 1980 Census figure is
85 percent higher than the 1970 one,”
says acting chairperson Lois Reckitt,
“ Either there has been an astonishing
growth rate, or the 1970 Census missed
many of Maine’ Indians."
s
The 1980 U.S. C ensu s recorded 4,087
Indians in Maine. The Census Bureau
cautions that this information may still be
adjusted following court decisions in
cases where undercounts are alleged.
"That litigation docs not appear likely to
affect the count o f M aine’s Indians."
Reckitt said.
Indian groups have criticized previous
surveys by both State and Federal govern
ments. For example, the 1970 U.S. Census
total of 2,195 Indians and the 1971 Maine
Indian Census total o f 2.254 Indians
INDIAN POPULATION OF MAINE
Amlroscouuin
Aroostook
Cumberland
Franklin
Ha mock
Kennebec
Knox
Lincoln
Oxford
Penobscot
Piscataquis
Sagadahoc
Somerset
W aldo
Washington
York
"“Includes military personnel
contrast sharply with (he count derived
five years later by Indian groups (in
conjunction with the State Planning Office)
in a door-to-door survey. That survey
identified 4.450 persons with at least onequarter Indian blood.
The 1980 U.S. Census count of 4,087
Indians severely calls into question not
only, the earlier counts but also the relia
bility o f 1981 projections published by the
M aine Department o f M anpower Affairs,
figures which appear to underlie policy and
program thinking at present. The Depart
ment's projection (in column two of the
attached table) actually reduces to an
estim ate o f only about 2.000 Indians, for
the 3.159 aggregate includes AsianAmericans, Filipinos, and military per
sonnel. The 1980 U.S. Census figure, on
the other hand, certainly represents an
undercount, although to be sure in tar
sm aller degree than in 1970.
The Advisory Com m ittee has submitted
its interpretation of the new Census in
formation to the Maine Legislature's Joint
Com m ittee on Appropriations and Finan
cial Affairs. State Senator Mary Najarian
had requested background information for
the
Joint Com m ittee’s
deliberations
regarding funding for an Off-Reservation
Indian Affairs Office in Houlton.
Penobscot tribal m em ber Andrew- X.
Akins serves on the Maine advisory
com mittec.
The family of Irene McDougall poses with the poster they hung on her house, during a
reception for the UMO graduate at Indian Island.
Grandmother graduates
with family's support
INDIAN ISLAND —
What’ your
s
future like if you have an eighth grade
education, you are 33 years old, and a
single parent?
If you are Janice (Rene) McDougall,
your future looks great. Now 37. Mrs. Mc
Dougall graduated this month from the
University of Maine at Orono. majoring in
elementary education, with a concentration
in math, and two years o f Spanish.
She smiled with a quiet pride after
commencement, as her family threw a
happy reception for her at her Indian
Island home. She said she is planning on
graduate study.
W as it hard being older; older in fact
than som e teachers? N otjtt all, she said.
“ I was surprised, because at first I felt
I might be different.”
“ 1got a lot of support from tr.y family.”
Mrs. McDougall. who has two grand
children, said. A Penobscot native of
Indian Island, she graduated from Old
Town Junior High School and then moved
to New York, and later Connecticut, where
the father o f her five children, William D.
McDougall, now resides.
Only one son. Philip, a surveyor in New
Mexico, could not be present for the
celebration. Attending w ere sons Billy
and Scottie. and daughters Janice and
Teri. Also enjoying the party were grand
children Seneca and Domekin.
Mrs. McDougall had no idea she could
attend college until discovering the On
ward remedial summer program. While in
Connecticut, she had obtained a high
school equivalency degree, and combined
with Onward, she was able to becom e a
full time day student at UMO.
The financial part was the hardest,
she said, but tuition waiver for Indian
students helped a lot. Life hasn't been a
picnic for Rcnc McDougall: “ I had two
back operations, and I was wondering what
to do with the rest o f my life. During that
first year [of college] I was sick a lot. I
got down at tim es but not to the point
where I thought about quitting.”
One of the highlights o f her college ex
perience was three w eeks spent at Keswick
C ollege in Norwich, England, as part of
her studies.
Anyone contemplating “ going back to
school.” at any age, would do well to talk
to Rene McDougall.
Non- Indians
Indians
1970
1980 White
U.S.
U.S. (except
Census
black) Census
1981
jStaJe
Projection
11
8
636
340
35
73
202
72
25
50
1.034
53
47
97
28
1.028
237
104
707*
415*
7
35
115
35
1
1
27
748
24
11
0
67
2
1
673
298*
51
436
148
1
1
36
9
1
23
10
17
538
28
1
3
43
23
630
97
4.087
3.159*
2.195
AT MAXINE’S — Young customers delight in homemade pies, doughnuts and other good
things to eat, at Maxine Tomah’ [standing, right] diner and take-out service at Peter Dana
s
Point, Indian Township.
�Wabanaki Alliance May 1981
Page 1
1
Passamaquoddy Tribe
rejects claims plan
PLEASANT POINT — A land claims
interest plan similar to one approved by
P cnobscots was rejected bv both
branches o f the Passamaquoddy Tribe.
Hie vote this month at Pleasant Point,
and Indian Township, emphatically shot
down a proposal to reinvest 30 percent of
interest earned, and divide 70 per cent o f
interest on a per capita basis. The
interest has accumulated on the $81.5
million Penobscot-Passamaquoddy land
claims settlement, approved by Congress
last fall.
Although Pcnobscots favored a rein
vestment plan. Passaniaquoddys ap
parently want more individually dis
tributed money. “They want 100 per
cent," said Pleasant Point Gov. J.
Hartley Nicholas, contacted at his tribal
office.
Nicholas said this is not realistic. He
said the tirbe needs funds to operate such
things as garbage removal and the
sewerage treatment system.
At Pleasant Point. 100 tribal members
voted in favor o f the recent plan for
dividing up interest income, and 125
voted against it. The margin o f defeat
was much greater at Indian Township,
where 180 voted against. 15 for the
measure.
Nicholas said “ major bills" owed by
the tribe total $253,000.
I he next step, Governor Nicholas said,
will be to outline a budget for tribal
expenses, and present it to tribal mem
bership. Another referendum will likely
be scheduled.
Money divided, lands bought
(Continued from page 1)
A total of 150,287 acres was purchased
recently by the Pcnobscots and Passamaquoddys, from Dead River Company of
Bangor. It is almost entirely timberland,
remote and uninhabited. The tribes hope
to profit from timber harvesting.
By far the largest share o f the purchase
is Penobscot land, and o f that tribe's
120.000 acres, a total o f 78,612 acres are
located in non-Indian territory. This means
the land is taxable under state law, and the
Penobscot Nation could conceivably lose
the land at some future date if unable to
pay taxes.
Asked why the tribe bought land outside
designated Indian territory in Maine,
tribal administrator Andrew X. Akins said,
“ without accepting Dead River’s offer,
wc might not have had a settlement.’’
Taxes are currently about $61,000 per year.
Tribal forester John Banks said he is
satisfied with the land purchased, and with
a Dead River management contract. “ We
are continuing" cutting practices now in
place. Banks said, adding, “ they [Dead
River) are cutting selectively, marking
every tree."
James Sappier, director o f the tribal
real estate and dem ography department,
said many land swaps may be possible
with the acreage just bought. Sometimes
three-way swaps are possible, involving
three landowning parties, he said.
There are 33 deed s involved in the
recent purchase. Sappier said. Newly
acquired land that falls into designated
Indian territory is located at Alder Stream,
Township 2, Range 9; and Township 3,
Range 9. It totals 41,486 acres.
Fee land, that will b e taxed, com es to
78,612 acres, and includes Lakeville,
Prentiss, Lee, Carroll, Springfield and
Williamsburg areas o f northeastern Maine.
Banks said he does not “ see the tribe
doing their own cutting in.the next couple
o f years," but he em phasized that Penob
scot Nation will supervise operations.
Under terms of the land claims act,
$54.5 million must be spent for purchase
o f lands. Hunting and trapping will be
under Indian jurisdiction; fishing will be
partially under Indian regulation.
Final closing on the sale o f 1,400 acres
of Dead River land had not been completed
as o f press time, but no difficulties were
anticipated.
M embers o f the Penobscot Nation land
acquisition committee are Akins, Sappier,
Banks. Joseph Francis, and Reuben
Phillips, who is Penobscot representative
to the state legislature.
Map showing lands bought by tribes.
Heavily bordered area represents land purchased by Penobscot Nation. Shaded area without
border was bought by the Passamaquoddy Tribe.
P o e tr y
Is Everybody Happy Now?
Is everybody happy now?
I’ done it.
ve
I’ given in, sold out.
ve
The system has me, so to speak.
And everyone knows . . .
You can’ fightthe system.
t
I have kissed ass.
1have denied Truth.
I have sold my own personal dignity.
And for what? For my children.
What other possible reason could there be?
Any material belonging
I would lose willingly
Rather than compromise myself.
But my children —
Oh, they arc precious to me.
Rather than have them suffer.
And suffer they would
(The system — remember?)
I have bow ed to arrogance and hatred;
I have kissed the feet o f scandalous
Untruth.
Now is everybody happy?
People have told me for years
That everybody does it.
No big deal, they say.
It’s foolish to fight; you cause trouble.
You make waves.
Passamaquoddy Lt. Gov. Carl Nicholas, left, of Indian Township, m eets with John D.
Stowcll, president of W ebb River Land Company in Dixfield. His firm com pleted a
study of settlem ent lands for the tribes.
Now, not making waves, I am mired
In a putrid, stagnant pool.
Scum-covered, foul.
I am covered with its slime.
I am unclean. loathsome.
Isn’t it grand to be part o f the crowd?
Is everybody happy now?
Man1K. Wilson (Theresa M. Francis)
Penobscot
“ NATIVE PRISONERS”
By Ted Ruark
Eagle, Eagle, high in the sky,
Hear our m essage as you pass by.
The Lewisburg S/CONNS as we are known,
As long in prison as the winds have
blown.
The Government spoke just the other day.
Said, “ Native Prisoners have a right to
pray.”
But because o f our traditional ways.
W e ’ll have to wait a few more days.
Brothers and Sisters outside these walls,
Hear us now. as the Eagle calls.
Teach us o f our ancestors' ways.
As we sit and wait these few more days.
A word or two would bring us light.
From those out there who’ like to write!
d
Lewisburg’s Spiritual/
Cultural Council of
Native Nations
P. O. Box 1000
Lewisburg, Penn. 17837
Subscribe!
�Wabanaki Alliance May 1981
Flashback
news notes
Beano games underway
Traditional Hopi
INDIAN TOWNSHIP - Beano games,
also known as bingo, have begun at the
reservation here, under auspices o f the
senior citizens group. Beano occurs during
Monday dinners, at the senior citizens
center. Meals for the elderly are also
served Tuesdays and Thursdays. About
10-15 people usually attend the meal.
Sapiel named to
Mass. Indian panel
^ a lT o m f F(
UNr " " ‘'i Sa" b°rn and Carl F rands,
these circa 1930 photos, show
some activities are tuneless. The scene is Indian Island. [Courtesy of Patricia Knox)
Officials late on payments
Several households at Indian Island and
Indian Township have been reported very
lardy in payments on new housing they
occupy.
A source at the Passamaquoddy housing
authority at Indian Township confirmed
that many reservation residents are delin
quent in payments on their homes. Among
the delinquent parties, the source acknow
ledged. are several tribal officials who are
gainfully employed.
The same situation is found at Indian
Island, according to sources close to the
Penobscot housing authority director.
Already, three tenants have been evicted.
The sources confirmed that certain tribal
officials were among those who were
behind in payments to the housing au
thority.
BOSTON — .John Ansclma (Sammy)
Sapid, a Penobscot from Indian Island,
has been appointed to the Massachusetts
Governor s Council on Indian Affairs.
A swearing-in cerem ony took place last
month at the State House, where six other
new members joined the council. Among
them was Frank A. Ryan, head o f Har
vard s Indian program.
Sapiel, former director o f Indian Island’
s
recreation department, holds a similar
post with Boston Indian Council. Jamaica
Plain.
Tompkins exhibits
ELLSWORTH — M icmac artist Richard
Tompkins, currently an inmate at Maine
State Prison in Thomaston* recently
exhibited his drawings at Hancock Countyauditorium.
NEW YORK CITY Public Broad
ca st,^ Service (PBS) aired a documentary film on Hopi Indians, Friday, Mav 22
at 10 p.m.
The film covers persistent efforts o f a
small band o f Hopis to continue ancestral
ties to traditional ways, and the mother
earth. A Hopi named Carolyn Tawangyawma says: ‘‘
From my experience. I am
sticking to the old. old ways. The time is
com ing when all these materialistic ways
will have no value. R esources are running
out, and money is goin g to be worth noth
ing. The only worthwhile thing is tilling
the soil again.”
Four pass EMT exam
INDIAN TOWNSHIP - Four persons
recently completed training as Emergency
Medical Technicians.
They arc Mabel Newell. Renita Brown
Laura Nicholas and Lise Williams, and they
will work on local am bulance crews. In
July. Eleanor Socoby and Basil LaCoote
o f Indian Township will take their final
EMT tests. Indian Township has its own
ambulance service, currently operating
at a deficit.
6
At both reservations, payments are
scaled to an individual or family’ ability
s
Tompkins has lived in the mid-coast
to pay.
“ The biggest offenders arc high, in- area fo ra number o f years. He was raised
in a non-Indian foster family, and had two
place . . . officials.” a source said.
In other housing authority matters, the children by his first wife, Kineo and
Katadin. He recently re-married, and his
court battle to force state support o f bous
ing continues. At Indian Island, the second wife Emma lives in Northeast
housing authority has a $50,000-$60,000 Harbor. She works as a nurse in Bar
Harbor.
budget.
Litigation also continues against con
The exhibit received front page coverage
tractor J. W. Praught o f Roxbury, Mass., in The Ellsworth American.
who allegedly mishandled money and
cheated subcontractors working on Indian
Island housing.
New church
considered
INDIAN TOWNSHIP - A small group of
Passamaquoddy parishioners here has
begun meeting to consider construction of
a new Catholic Church on reservation land.
Larry Socobasin said plans are in pre
liminary stages, but one proposal is to
build a log-cabin style church half way
between the “Strip” part o f the com
munity. and Peter Dana Point, where the
present turn-of-the-ccntury church is
located.
A couple o f m eetings have been held,
and interested persons include Joseph
(Bobby) and Mary Ellen Socobasin. Larry
Socobasin, Wayne Newell, Linwood Sapiel,
Lester and Emma Nicholas, and John
Stevens. There is som e interest from
Pleasant Point, the sister Passamaquoddy
reservation.
St. Ann’ Mission at Peter Dana Point
s
is currently directed by the Rev. Joseph
Laughiin, a Jesuit who has led a Charis
matic movement on the reservation.
The Indian Island girls gymnasdes class in (heir sporty new uniforms.
Junior gymnasts to perform
NDIAN ISLAND — A group of young
nale gymnasts will present a special
Tormance June 14. at 7:30 p.m. at
sson College.
The Penobscot gymnastics class will
nonstrate technique in a variety of
ys. Tickets are available from Erlene
.il at the Penobscot Tribal community
subject ot TV show
building, and at the door.
Scheduled perform ers from Indian
Island are Greta Neptune, Clarice Chavaree, M elissa LcBretton, LecAnn DeCora.
Fawn Neptune, Darcic Corbett, Andrea
Corbett, M elanie Corbett, Denise Pehrson,
Susan Thompson, Winona Lola, Jillian
Paul and Tricia Sappier.
INDIAN ISLAND
SNACK BAR
NOW OFFERS
PIZZA
Try it today: Mushroom, hamburg,
pepperoni, regular, green pepper, double
cheese, or combination.
ALSO: Daily luncheon specials
Open for Breakfast at 7 a.m.
Howard Wilson, Manager
Alice Sockabasin. Josie Ranco.
Assistant Managers
W ITH HONORS — Graduating June 5
from Old Town High School will be Kelly
Nelson, daughter of Lorraine Nelson of
Indian Island. She is a member o f the
National Honor Society.
LAND USE PLANNER
Hie Penobscot Nation Department of
Heal Estate and Demography is accept
ing applications for a land use planner.
Hie position will be responsible to the
Director o f Real Estate and Demography
m trust responsibilities in the real estate
activities ot land use planning, environ
mental statements or assessments, and
water inventories. Salary is based on
experience and up to $16,000 per year.
Real Estate and Demography is a trust
department subject to 25 CFR rules and
regulations. Requirements include: B.S.
in Biology, Environmental Sciences,
Agriculture and Resource Economics or
Natural Resources Land Use Planning,
or six years experience in these or related
areas.
Please send resume to George Tomer,
Director o f Employment Development
and Training. Box 405. Old Town,
Maine 04468.
An Equal Opportunity Employer
�
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Indian Resource Center
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Passamaquoddy Cultural Museum
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1981-05
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Julia Brush
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Text
Wabanaki
Alliance May 1982
Published with the support of the Penobscot Nation and Diocesan Human Relations Services, Inc.
Tribe OKs
1880 census
INDIAN ISLAND — In one of the most
dramatic actions in tribal history, mem
bers of the Penobscot Nation voted
recently to accept an 1880 census as
defining “ blooded”Indians, rejecting
full
the previously used 1860 census.
The vote carried by a mere seven votes,
and in passing, ensured that an estimated
200 Penobscots would not be removed
from the census. If the 1880 version had
been turned down, those members would
have lost their status, and all benefits of
being a tribal member — such as per
capita payments from land claims that
average S250 per month.
To say feelings ran high at the general
meeting is an understatement. Gov. Timo
thy Love, chairing the m eeting that was
closed to all non-members, decided this
was too serious an issue for simply a
“
raised hand”
vote. He ordered those who
favored the amendment to the 1880 census
to one side of the room, and those who
opposed it — and wanted to retain the
I860 census — to the other side.
Whole families and their relatives
moved to one side or the other, and
Manfred Francis, unwilling to take either
side, stood right in the middle of the two
separated groups. Love, who favored the
amendement, conceded later it was one of
the more tense moments in his life.
The final vote to approve the amend
ment was 71-64. A first vote yielded 72-64.
Immediately following the vote, dozens
of members left the meeting, acknow
ledging that the census vote was their
reason for attending. Relief showed on
many faces, anger on some others.
To some, the amendment allows people
who are “
too white” to be Nation
members. It will be the end of the tribe,
someone predicted. The “
real Indians
voted against the amendment, others said.
But to those who favored the amend
ment, it was the only fair thing to do, they
said. And in some cases, they were voting
to keep their own children on the tribal
census. They said those opposed were
(Continued on page 5
)
Workfare starts at island
INDIAN ISLAND — The Penobscot vation policy now resembles the policies of
m ost Maine towns and cities.
Nation's new welfare (general assistance)
As Strnad points out, off reservation
rules deny services to tribal mem bers not
Indians may seek assistance from the
living on tribal land.
The changes took effect April 1, accord community in which they live, and Strnad
advocate”for
ing to Carolyn Strnad, deputy director of said the tribe will be an “
anyone needing help. She said Penquis
the tribal health and human services
Community Action Program, Bangor, and
department. Strnad said the state has
Central Maine Indian Association, Orono,
been putting pressure on the Indian Island
administration to revise and clarify its could also offer guidance.
The welfare caseload for Indian Island
welfare regulations, and the tribe has now
has been lower than in years past, with
done so. Under the land claims settlement
about 125 cases on the reservation, and 35
act, the reservation has “
municipality
cases off the Island. Those 35 cases have
status” in terms of providing welfare,
been dropped by the tribe.
Strnad said.
Workfare starts
In the first few days of the changes,
In other action, Strnad’ department is
s
there have been no major complaints from
initiating a workfare program, whereby
on or off reservation tribal members, she
able-bodied welfare recipients will be
said.
asked to do some work.
The Penobscot Nation’regulations now
s
Strnad said those persons on welfare
conform with State of Main^. law, rather
cannot, under the law, be required to
than the U.S. Bureau of Indian Affairs
(Continued on page 6'
(BIA) policy formerly in force. The reser
ELDEST R ESID EN T of Indian Island, Sadie Ranco, Penobscot, celebrated her 86th
birthday, April 2. Her senior citizen friends threw a party, but Sadie said, “ wish they’
1
d
forgotten. I'm too old!”
She w orked many years at a children's home in Bangor, retiring
about ten years ago. With her is Jimmy Stevens and Eunice Crowley. Sadie had just
signed a petition being circulated to retain Stevens as senior citizens coordinator. His
job is jeopardized by funding cuts. Seniors’
chef Gerry Francis praised Stevens' work.
Sioux lose Sand claims appeal
WASHINGTON — The U.S. Supreme
Court has refused to hear an appeal from
the Oglala Sioux tribe of South Dakota,
seeking the restoration of Black Hills land
taken from the Sioux Indians in 1877.
The supreme court had rules in 1980
that the seizure of som e 7 million acres of
land from the Sioux was unconstitutional.
As a result of this decision the Sioux were
to receive more than $100 million in com
pensation — but no land.
The Oglala, one of eight Sioux tribes
involved in the 58-year-old suit, split off
from the other seven before the 1980
decision, and refused to renew its contract
with the lawyer who had handled the case
for 24 years. They said they would not be
bound by any monetary settlement with
out restoration of land.
Editor TV g u e s t
ORONO — Wabanaki Alliance Editor
Steve Cartwright will be the guest of host
Kim Mitchell, Penobscot, on ‘
Wickeegan,’
airing Monday, May 3, at 7:30 p.m. on TV
stations of the Maine Public Broadcasting
Network (MPBN).
FBI probes Passamaquoddy records
Gov. J. H. Nicholas
PLEASANT POINT — Tribal Gov.
Joseph Hartley Nicholas has confirmed
an unofficial report that the Federal
Bureau of Investigation (FBI) has been
investigating Passamaquoddy financial
records.
“
The FBI did take quite a few
records," Nicholas said. “ told them
I
they could take whatever they want. I
told them, ‘ can have anything you
you
want to. I don't have anything to
hide.’
”
Nicholas said the investigation may
relate to an estimated tribal expendi
ture of $43,000 in federal funds, some
six years ago. He said that expenditure
was “
disallowed”by the federal gov
ernment. Nicholas’
brother, Francis J.
Nicholas, was tribal governor at the
time.
“ there’ any dirty linen, we’ air
If
s
ll
it,”said Governor Nicholas. However,
he said he did not anticipate any prob
lems. Nicholas said government of
ficials and two FBI agents have visited
both Pleasant Point and Indian Town
ship. Indian Township is a sister Passa
maquoddy reservation near Princeton.
Harold J. Lewev is currently Township
governor.
Assistant U.S. District Atty. William
Browder, contacted at his Bangor
office, confirmed the FBI investigation.
He refused to release any information,
but was eager to know what this news
paper had learned. Rumors on the
reservation indicated certain current
or former tribal officials could face
indictments by a grand jury.
Browder reluctantly acknowledged
this was a possibility, but would
neither confirm nor deny the rumors.
He said the investigation may take a
couple of months.
�Page 2
Wabanaki Alliance May 1982
editorials
Gov. Love
Penobscot Nation Gov. Tim Love took a week’vacation in Florida
s
last month. He and his family deserve at least that much.
Love works much overtime, works very hard, and has a job that
follows him home. You can ’ leave the office and say to someone,
t
“
Sorry, it’ after five, I’ not governor now.” We believe Love has
s
m
guided the tribe through turbulent times, including much friction
over land claims money, the tribal census and the availability and
delivery o f services.
The job has turned L ove’ hair gray, just as the Presidency aged
s
Jimmy Carter.
On top o f all this. Tim Love’ mother, Polly, died. Then, a half
s
year later, his father, John, passed away. This is not an easy time for
Love, who must decide if he will seek reelection this fall to a second
two-year term.
Love has made a few mistakes, but so what. On balance, as one of
the youngest governors in tribal history (still under 30). he has done a
splendid job.
Workfare
A workfare program has been launched at Indian Island, and we
wonder if it will get up to speed.
For those who don ’ know, “
t
workfare” is a version o f welfare
where the recipient does some actual work in exchange for the
welfare vouchers or payments, known on the reservation as general
assistance.
In fact, welfare has been called many things in recent years. It
seems people are unwilling to admit welfare for what it is, calling it
instead “
human services” and other euphemisms. Welfare is
handouts for the poor, the needy. Sometimes welfare is abused, when
underserving people receive it, and sometimes the very system o f
government handouts is an abuse.
The cycle o f dependency created by welfare leads to generations o f
welfare recipients. It almost becom es an inherited trait. The grand
mother is on welfare; her daughter gets a monthly check; the grand
children will sign up as soon as they are able. How do we break this
vicious cycle, especially in times o f high joblessness?
Workfare strikes us as an idea with potential, good and bad. As a
letter sent to Penobscot welfare recipients states, “
This program will
be designed for all employable applicants.”Obviously, not all people
can work, so there may be exceptions. But certainly a lot o f people
can do some sort o f odd job. chore or task.
While participating in workfare will not bring the welfare recipient
a fatter check, it will provide him a measure o f self-esteem in the
community. And it may sharpen some o f his skills, making him more
employable.
Probably the biggest flaw in the Indian Island workfare program is
that welfare people cannot be forced to participate. There is no legal
requirement that able-bodied persons work for their government
check, paid in full by taxpayers. So if somebody doesn ’ want to
t
work, he can thumb his nose at workfare, and still get his welfare
check.
In all honesty, we don ’ have very high expectations for Indian
t
Island workfare. People who live on welfare do so for deep-seated
reasons. There is no instant cure for social and econom ic ills. But we
say. give it a try.
With about 125 welfare cases on the Island — and this shows
marked progress — something should be done.
Alison Sapiei and friends, inspecting seedlings at Indian Island greenhouse.
Garden needs helpers
INDIAN ISLAND - Due to funding,
shortages the tribal community garden
will have to rely on volunteer labor this
year.
Anyone willing to lend a hand (or
shovel) is encouraged to come to the
garden between 7 a.m. and 11 a.m.,
Monday through Friday starting. May 5.
In August, at the peak of the harvest
season there will be a garden pot-luck-
supper for all those who have helped with
the garden. The meal will feature all the
tasty fresh vegetables grown in the
garden, according to Alison Sapiei, in
charge of the garden project.
“
Come heip plant, weed, and water to
get your tummy ready for fresh peas, snap
beans, zucchini, beets, carrots, sweet
corn, cabbage, tomatoes, green peppers,
melons, etc.,”
Sapiei said.
Alliance's future in doubt
INDIAN ISLAND — As noted in a
seperate story in this issue, the Pen
obscot Nation has defeated a proposal
to pick up the larger share of funding
for this newspaper.
Last year, the Penobscots con
tributed $16,350 to Wabanaki Alliance,
and this funding is now just about ex
hausted.
In March, members voted 31-13 to
reject a proposal that sought $23,500
from the Penobscot Nation. But in a
unanimous vote immediately following
the rejection, members voted 46-0 to
ask that a revised budget be submitted
to the tribe. The second vote came
after Wayne Mitchell, a tribal member.
Wabanaki Alliance
stated the newspaper is important for
communication, and should not be
abandoned after five years of success
ful publication.
Over the years, Wabanaki Alliance
has attempted to enlist Passamaquoddy, Micmac and Maliseet financial
support, but to no avail.
The newspaper has thus found it
necessary to seek the bulk of its
support from the Penobscot Nation. It
should be emphasized that for years,
the Roman Catholic Diocese of Port
land has sustained and sponsored the
newspaper, and continues to support it
today. Without tribal heip. however,
Wabanaki Alliance will cease publica
tion.
Vol. 6, No. 5
May 1982
Published monthly by Wabanaki Alliance, through a sustaining grant from the
Penobscot Nation, under contract with Diocesan Human Relations Services, Inc.
Offices at 95 Main Street, Orono, Maine 04473. Telephone [207j 866-4903. Typeset
by the Penobscot Times Company. Printed by the Ellsworth American.
Reporters
Brenda Polchies
Board of Directors
Jean Chavaree, Penobscot Nation, [chairman]
Donna Loring. Penobscot Nation
Jeannette LaPlante, Central Maine Indian Assoc.
Phone 532-9442
Indian Island
Old Town
Old Town
A non-profit corporation. Contributions are deductible for income tax purposes.
Rates: $5 per year [12 issues]; $6 Canada and overseas; $10 for institutions [schools,
government, business, etc.]
�Page 3
Wabanaki Alliance May 1982
General meeting vote unjustified
Teens still
1
drunk or stoned1
Pleasant Point
To the editor:
I am writing in hope that you will print
this letter in the Wabanaki Alliance news
letter column.
I am writing mainly to the Pleasant
Point tribal leaders. I would like to be
assured that they know of my concern
with the drug and alcohol problems on the
reservation.
About two years ago, I wrote a letter
expressing my feelings about the drug and
alcohol problems on the reservation. I
gave my idea of what I felt could prevent
some of the drug and alcohol problems. I
suggested a recreation center with billiard
tables, pinball machines, etc. For the past
two years I have been assuming that the
tribal leaders, of Pleasant Point, didn't
think that was a good idea. I say this
because since my last letter; I have not
seen a recreation center or any other
plans to give people fun, constructive
things to do. I also have not seen a change
with the drug and alcohol problems on the
reservation.
I, as a teenager recognize our problem
with drugs and alcohol. I really believe if
we had a place like the recreation center,
things would be different. I realize a
recreation center won't totally take away
the drug and alcohol problems. I do
believe, though, that it will prevent and
give people an alternative to drinking and
taking drugs.
We teenagers are the future leaders of
Pleasant Point. I would hate to see a
bunch of "burn outs” our future leaders.
as
Let's try and prevent the problem before
it’too late.
s
I must also assure you that I realize
drug and alcohol problems are every
where. If I thought there was a way to
solve it for everyone, I would surely give
my suggestion. Of course, I have no
suggestion. So for now, let's think of our
selves. From there we can work our way
up the ladder.
Since these two years have passed, I
believe the drug and alcohol problems
have become greater. It seems to be an
everyday thing for many people. They
believe there is nothing else to do but to
get “
drunk or stoned.”From the looks of
things, I can see why that is a usual
excuse. There simply is nothing to do on
the reservation.
During the night hours many teenagers
are out getting “
stoned or drunk.”
This is
why I suggest a place to hang out. A place
to have fun and enjoy each other. That is
all I ask. Please remember that we are the
future leaders of Pleasant Point. What we
are today is our tomorrow.
Sincerely,
A Concerned Teenager
To the editor:
I would like to express my feelings
regarding the last General Meeting
held on Thursday, March 18th. I was
very disappointed that the Investment
Committee's budget was turned down,
mainly because of the importance of
this committee. I don’believe anyone
t
realizes what we are doing or trying to
do and I would like to explain.
When we were to receive our settle
ment, it was decided that an Invest
ment Committee be appointed to
monitor our account with the govern
ment and recommend to the people our
investment procedure. A committee of
seven was formed and from the begin
ning, Deanna LaBossiere, has been
doing an excellent job monitoring our
account. She has discovered errors
made by the government and these
have been rectified by them. She has
spent time in Albuquerque learning the
process by which their system is set up
and has become known to all the people
there. We should be proud we have
someone who is capable of this job. The
most important part of this job is
keeping track of our investments which
are in many banks across the country,
from Maine to California. This is how
the government uses our money, which
is fine. But we do need someone to keep
track of these investments. As you can
see, our money is not invested by the
government in one lump sum, but in
many smaller investments, thereby
making it a full time job keeping our
eye on these to be sure we are getting
the correct return of interest and that
the amounts coincide with what we
F o r me r l e a d e r
s p e a k s out
Indian Island
To the editor:
As your former chief and governor,
who had served you for four terms, “
8
years”now presently serving a four
year term as your councilman, I want
to thank you for your letters and your
phone calls. It shows you still have an
interest in your tribe.
The most often asked question by
your letters and calls is am I satisfield
with our present system of governing.
In answer to you all, I am going ta-.be
frank wjth you, as you asked my
opinion, my answer is no I am not
satisfied.
Our tribal election is but a few
months away, September 1982. I am
looking forward to some changes for a
better system in our government. I am
concerned for our security for the
future. If some changes are not made.
I appreciate your letters, keep them
coming as I have no working capital, if
you wish an answer to your letters
please enclose stamps.
We hope to come up with some plan
to save our paper the Wabanaki which
I am sure you enjoy.
Francis J. Ranco
English interest
< •.
VETERANS ADMINISTRATION
Owned Homes For Sale
in Washington County
CMIA to elect
ORONO — Two new directors will be
elected at a Central Maine Indian Asso
ciation (CMIA) membership meeting, May
13, at 7 p.m., at CMIA offices, 95 Main St.,
Orono.
Acting CMIA director Melvin (Tom)
Vicaire said in addition to filling the two
vacancies, a proposed by-law revision
would set a "majority age" of 18, meaning
that CMIA members must be of age to
vote. This has never been stipulated in the
past, Vicaire said.
$5 for one year
(Individual—U.SJ
Name
156
l
t . / "“
.
v
i
V
i
I
ii
m B n S D In N
OPPORTUNITY
These homes are available to veterans or
non-veterans without preference.
Rt. 1 Woodland
,
$40,000.
Rt. 1 39 Dublin St., Machias
,
$36,500.
$500 D.P.
18 Freemont St., Machias
$25,500.
Main Street, Baring
26,800.
9 Academy Street, Calais
25,900.
8 Chapel Street, Calais
12,500.
1 Temperance Street, Calais
1
26,000.
Summer Street, Calais
19,000.
Route # —Houlton Road, Woodland 27,500.
1
3 Chape! Street, Calais
1
19,000.
FINANCED FOR 30 YEARS BY VA
NO DOWN PAYMENTS REQUIRED
SEE YOUR LOCAL
REAL ESTATE BROKER
All VA financed
At
p r e v a i l i n g i n t e r e s t ra te s
VETERANS ADMINISTRATION
tor one v
vear
Tf?
\
y
Equal Housing
BEING
TRANSFERRED?
Contact the VA for
information about
properties available
throughout the State.
(Make checks payable to Wabanaki Alliance • - ENCLOSE:
- tu .
June Ranco Lane
Investment Committee Member
To the editor:
Free e a g l e post er
Thanks very much for swift reply to my
letter, and for the copies of the Wabanaki
asking from National Wildlife Federation,
WASHINGTON — A poster stating
Alliance, for which I am most grateful.
1412-16th St., NW, Dept. FM, Washing
“
We care about eagles,” depicting the
I found the paper very interesting and American bald eagle, is available for the ton, D.C. 20036. Send a postcard only.
informative, and enclose $6 for subscrip
tion and $4 as a donation. I realize this is
not very much, but do hope it will be of
use to you.
I would very much like to know more
about the Indian people and townships in
your area, and the languages spoken. My
best wishes to ail at Wabanaki Alliance.
Jeremy Isaac
WABANAKI ALLIANCE SUBSCRIPTION FORM
u n ;
have. Included in the budget was a
request for one full time person and
one part time person to work on these
accounts and do whatever paper work
needs to be done regarding these. This
request was denied. Lord knows what
will happen when our function ceases.
I have heard comments like, “
What
do we need an Investment Committee
for.”As you can see, if we want to
know what our money is doing and
where it is, we need an investment
committee. Our honesty and ability has
been questioned. All investment com
mittee members are volunteers and I
am proud to say I have worked for one
year with this group and am one of the
originals, along with Deanna LaBos
siere and Irene Pardilla. There are now
four committee members and Deanna
is being temporarily employed by the
Administration for the job she is doing
as Trust Dept, head and works along
with the committee.
There were comments made at the
meeting to hire a financial expert. A
financial expert is going to charge
thousands of dollars for the same infor
mation we are getting now, and this
will come out of the payout.
If we do not want to fund the Invest
ment Committee for the amount they
need, how will we pay a financial
expert?
Please write your comments to Gov.
Love if you feel this committee is
needed.
Warwickshire, England
MAIL TO WABANAKI ALLIANCE, 95 MAIN STREET, ORONO, MAINE 04473
^
Wells
' - ."r«5»“ eW
LOAN GUARANTY DIVISION
i? o
TOGUS, MAINE * 330
M *
r a |
o f l 7
■ *%
e
T
�Page 4
Wabanaki Alliance May 1982
Maliseet land bill enacted
CHANGING OF THE GUARD — Or, m ore correctly, the directors: Dr. Eunice
Baumann-Nelson has been appointed head of the Penobscot Nation Department of
Health and Human Services, succeeding Alan Sanborn, who has taken a job as executive
director of the Episcopal Church’ National Committee on Indian Work, in New York
s
City. He had been in charge of the clinic two years. Baumann-Nelson is a form er clinic
director, who recently taught a course on northeastern Indians at College of the
Atlantic in Bar Harbor. Both Sanborn and Baumann-Nelson are Penobscot tribal
members.
By Brenda Polchies
Special to Wabanaki Alliance
AUGUSTA — A governor’ bill, titled
s
An Act to Amend the Maine Implement
ing Act with R espect to the Houlton Band
of Maliseet Indians, and presented by
Senator Michael Carpenter of Aroostook
County and co-sponsored by Representa
tive Genette Ingraham of Houlton, was
passed in the 110th Legislature.
The legislative approval came during
the final week of proceedings and the bill
was signed into law April 13, by Governor
Joseph E. Brennen and Houlton Band of
Maliseets Chairman Terry Polchies. A
19-13 vote in the Senate and an over
whelming vote in the H ouse of R epresen
tatives enabled the bill to pass handily.
Briefly, the "Statement of Fact”reads,
“
The Maine Indian Claims Settlement Act
of 1980, Public Law 96-420, enacted by
Congress, created a $900,000 Land A c
quisition Fund for the Houlton Band of
Maliseet Indians. Under the provisions of
that federal act, the Secretary of Interior
of the United States cannot use funds to
acquire land for the Houlton Band of
Maliseet Indians until the State enacts
appropriate legislation approving such
land acquisitions.”
This bill is the product
of negotiations between the state and the
Houlton Band of Maliseet Indians.
Under the provisions of this act, the
lands acquired by the secretary for the
Houlton Band of Maliseet Indians, to be
called “
Houlton Band Trust Land,”
will be
subject to the general laws of the state
with certain limited exceptions; they will
be subject to make payments in lieu of
property taxes, and they will be subject to
certain special restraints on alienation.
This act provides for the creation of a
special trust fund of $100,000 to assure the
satisfaction of tax obligations owed to
Maine governmental entities.
The act will become effective 90 days
after adjournment of the legislature, as
required by the Constitution of Maine, and
the act shall be effective only upon enact
ment of legislation by the federal govern
ment ratifying and approving this Act
without modification.
Island men want camping
program for Indian youth
INDIAN ISLAND — Two men here
who work with tribal youth in sports think
a camping trip might be as good as a
basketball game.
Red Bartlett and Dennis Pehrson say
that a wilderness experience can teach an
An All-Star
Miles Francis Jr. from Indian Island in
Old Town has been selected to play for the
Maine State Squirt Hockey All-Stars in
Rhode Island, one of 15 players chosen in
the state to represent Maine at the New
England Spring Festival Hockey Tourna
ment.
Gordon Wakelin from Casco Bay will be
the Maine All-Stars coach for the tourna
ment.
Miles, 10, played for the Old Town Rotary
Squirts and the Old Town Pee W ees in the
Penobscot Valley Hockey Conference.
Miles has been playing hockey since age 6
and has attended the National Hockey
School in Montreal, St. Andrews Hockey
School in New Brunswick, and Sussex
Hockey School in New Brunswick. He plans
to attend Exeter Hockey School in Exeter,
New Hampshire this year.
Miies is the son of Miles and Donna
Francis of Indian Island.
Indian youngster self-confidence, initia
tive, self-reliance, cooperation, and other
basic human values. They believe trips,
and possibly permanent woods camps,
should be organized to help instill these
values, and “
open the minds” of young
people, whether Penobscot or from other
tribes.
The concept has been tried before, in
Wabanaki W ilderness Pursuits of Orono,
but despite some success, the program
foundered a couple of years ago from lack
of interest, commitment and leadership.
Bartlett and Pehrson call their project
“
back to life,” and think it can be done
with a minimum of money. Already.
Pehrson said, he has a group of about 15
parents willing to volunteer their time.
Besides survival in the wild, youth can
learn-to simply enjoy the outdoors, becom
ing aware of nature's balance and beauty,
Bartlett said. “
Not everyone's interested
in going out for sports,”he said. “
This
gives them an alternative.”
Some of the activities Bartlett and
Pehrson hope would be taught are wood
carving, pottery, sw eetgrass gathering
for basketry, split ash basketry, and
medicinal and edible plant identification.
If trips are organized, each young
person will be responsible for bringing his
own food and clothing, Bartlett said. This
will keep costs low, he explained.
Pehrson and Bartlett are exploring the
possibility of acquiring the leftover
Wilderness Pursuits equipment, which
includes four canoes, backpacks and other
paraphernalia. All of it is currently held
by Wabanaki Corporation, a Bangor-based
Indian alcoholism agency.
Watt d e e d s land
to native Alaskans
WASHINGTON - U.S. Department of
the Interior Secretary James Watt award
ed 23,000 timbered acres on Admiralty
Island off southeast Alaska to the Sitkabased Shee-Atika Native Corporation.
The land had been selected by the
village corporation under the Alaska
Native Claims Settlement Act but the
selection had been delayed because of
opposition by the Sierra Club.
The island is famous for its Sitka
Spruce, other old-growth forest resources,
bears, eagles and other wildlife.
Passamaquoddy champs
The Indian Township Passamaquoddy girls basketball team took 4th place, recently, in
the Washington County Junior High Girls Basketball Tournament. From left, [front
row], Amy Tomah. team captain Rachel Sockabasin, Lilly Sockabasin; [back row, 1
-r]
Myra Mitchell, Bethany Gabriel, Laura Sockabasin, Amy Tomah, Dottie Newell, Tonya
Socoby. With them is coach Donna Allen.
Richter completes police training
WATERVILLE - Karl A. Richter of
Pleasant Point, a Passamaquoddy, was
among 39 law enforcement people grad
uating March 26, from Maine Criminal
Justice Academy here.
Ceremonies w ere held at Thomas
College, with a commencement address by
state Atty. Gen. James E. Tierney. The
Academy marks its 42nd session of
municipal and county basic police school.
“
With the training these officers have
received, they are now prepared to per
form their functions and tasks for the
citizens they serve,” said Maurice C.
Harvey, Director, Maine Criminal Justice
Academy.
The 485-hour curriculum includes sub
jects in Accident and Criminal Investi
gation, Firearms, First Aid, Maine Crim
inal and Motor Vehicle Law, News Media
R elations, P atrol P rocedu res, P olice
Ethics, Police and the Public, Specialized
Subjects (e.g., youth control, crisis inter
vention and conflict management, police
records, etc.).
Maine law requires that all full-time
municipal police officers and deputy
sheriffs successfully complete the 12-week
municipal/County Basic Police School
within one year of their employment.
Richter works with the Pleasant Point
Police Department.
RITIERO’S S P O R T S H O P
GUNS & ACCESSORIES
FISHING EQUIPMENT
BLACK POWDER & SUPPLIES
Hours — Mon., Tues.. Wed., Thurs.. Sat. 8 a.m.-5 p.m.
Friday 8 a.m.-8 p.m.
Bennoch Road
Old Town, Maine 04468
207-827-7032
Ask for A1 or Dave
�Wabanald Alliance May 1982
Page 5
Close vote on census
(Continued from page 1
)
protecting their per capita from any de
crease due to increased membership.
One young Penobscot man marched out
of the meeting smoking a cigar purchased
at the tribal snack bar. “ m a full blood
I’
now," he said sarcastically. (Most Penobscots agree that there are few if any fullblooded Penobscots alive today.)
For months, the elected tribal census
committee struggled to come to grips with
the dilemma of the 1860 vesus 1880
census. The matter is one of the most
controversial ever addressed, at Indian
Island. If the 1860 were kept, then many
Penobscots were by definition less than
one quarter blood Indian. “
Quarter blood”
is the standard federal as well as local
Indian definition of the minimum require
ment for bona fide tribal membership.
Some Island residents have accused
prior tribal administrations of “
padding”
the roils of Penobscots for a bigger popu
Dana Mitchell, left, and Barry Nelson, both of Indian Island, chat with Tom Brown after lation, thus enhancing applications for
state and federal grants and services.
lecture at University of Maine at Orono.
Love had denied that his, or previous ad
ministrations. engaged in such activity.
In any case, the recent vote of the
general meeting, with less than one eighth
of total membership participating, has
ensured that membership will top 1,500.
Several census committee members
voted to oppose the amendment, even
at Orono, sponsored by Native Americans though m some cases, it could hurt the
ORONO — As a boy of seven, Tom
s
Brown was already a rebel, or perhaps a at Maine, the Indian student group on member’own family.
'
More census matters
campus.
throwback, in the New Jersey society
In other actions at the five hour
He said he was pleased to see an
around him. He began exploring the wild
audience that looked “
rugged enough”to meeting, tribal members voted, after
Pine Barrens near his home.
be forestry students, unlike the paler much acrimonious debate, to reinvest 22.7
Later, after attending college for two
counterparts he recently addressed at percent of interest earned on the $12.5
weeks, he lived in those woods for a full
million Penobscot share of the land claims
Princeton University.
year, walking away from civilization stark
Brown spoke with conviction and pas trust fund. That vote carried, 44-7.
naked, without so much as a knife. Any
way, his local draft board had rejected him sion about what he believes is his calling.
He showed some slides of his wilderness
for physical reasons, and he figured it was
survival training trips, and told some
a good time to lay low.
anecdotes — such as when a grizzly bear
What really confirmed Brown as a man
of the woods was a chance encounter — a mauled his rented jeep while he cowered,
“
most incredible coincidence” calls it — unharmed, under the vehicle. He said the
he
with an Apache “
grandfather,” who bear tore out the rear end, and mangled
the entire jeep. He worked three years to
as Brown tell it, taught him the wisdowm
and lessons of Indians and the ages. He pay for the jeep, he said.
"Grandfather’ most admired wild
s”
spent a number of years living and learing
creature is the chickadee. Brown said he
with his “
grandfather.”
Later, at 27, Brown married, took a couldn't understand why, until one frigid
meniai job, and was dissatisfied. He day, hiking in high winds, he noticed there
thought he ought to repay the Apache for wasn't a sign of wildlife anywhere ... until
chiek-a-dee-deesome of what he learned, and in the he heard the cheerful “
dee-dee.” The bird is always cheery,
process do what he could to halt pollution
looking on the bright side and celebrating
and other violations of natural resources.
nature and its own small life. This is whySo he started a wilderness survival school
based at his New Jersey farm. Today, at he is so admired. Brown said.
The lecture included a demonstra! ion BOSTON MARATHONER Jeannette La33, Brown operates three such schools,
by one of Brown’ associates of how to Plante, 44, a Wabanaki Alliance board
s
one of them on the west coast.
bow drill.’A bow is member, completed the famous course
’
Despite his allegience to wilderness, he start a fire with a “
finds himself jetting from place to place to mo 'ed back and forth, spinning a stick last month in less than four hours — she is
speak; he has joined the lecture circuit. very -api'dly until smoke appears. You the first Penobscot woman to run the
His latest stop was at University of Maine then tv!->w into the smoke until a flame Boston Marathon since famed runner
leaps up from some dry tinder. Unfortu Andrew Sockalexis, more than 70 years
nately, the demonstration didn't work, but ago. She is the first Penobscot woman to
everyone applauded anyway.
enter the race. “
Heartbreak Hill didn’
t
The audience included many Indian bother me at all. I was up to mile 20 before
JOHN J. LOVE, SR.
people, both Penobscot and Passama- I knew it,”
LaPlante said. She said the 70INDIAN ISLAND - John J. Love, Sr.,
quoddy, plus a couple of Maliseets and plus degree weather was oppressive, but
50, of 22 Center St., died March 28, 1982.
others. A drawing was held for a benefit she has no regrets. Will she do it again?
He was born at Old Town, May 11, 1931,
raffle for the Indian student club, and a Probably not.
«
the son of Richard and Emily (Mitchell)
$100 first prize, and pack basket second
To qualify for the Boston Marathon,
Love. He was a member of St. Ann’ prize, were awarded.
s
LaPlante ran 3 hours, 29 minutes, in the
Catholic Church. He had been employed
Probably one of the more intriguing over age 40 class. In the Casco run,
by the Cianbro Corp. He served in the
aspects of Brown’ schools is that, for LaPlante trimmed 37 minutes off the time
s
U.S. Navy during the Korean Conflict.
Indians, the courses are free.
it took her to run the Paul Bunyan
He was predeceased by his wife,
marathon, held every summer in Orono.
Pauline (Francis) Love. He is survived by
Child abuse a
To prepare for Boston, LaPlante had
three sons, Timothy, John Jr. and
conference topic
been running 60-70 miles per week, often
Richard, all of Indian Island; two daught
ers, Paula and Emily, both of Indian
ALBUQUERQUE, N.M. — Innovations after dark, on weekdays.
Island; four sisters, Theresa Guimond of
in computer education and new techniques
Connecticut, Ann Breau of Orono, Edna
for dealing with child abuse will be among ir *
m
■
M
TRI-CHEM
Becker of Indian Island and Christine
featured workshops at this year’National W
s
m
LIQUID EMBROIDERY
Doucette of Old Town; seven grand Indian Child Conference.
&
&
TRY IT! GREAT RESULTS.
.5
5:
children; several nieces and nephews.
The annua! conference is scheduled for
<
:*
Classes and instructor-training
A Mass of Christian burial was cele September 12-16, at the Hyatt Regenc}'
available.
brated at St. Ann’ Catholic Church,
s
I
Hotel in Phoenix, Arizona. NICC Chair
CONTACT DEBBIE MITCHELL
Indian Island, with the Rev. John Civiello
man, Jerry Bread, expects delegates
827-7608
officiating. Interment will be in the Tribal nation-wide with an increased representa
Cemetery.
:L
;:
tion from the northwestern states.
Tom Brown describes his
wilderness survival school
Obituary
'. v . v v . v
v X
X v
In regard to a $1 million trust fund setaside for senior citizens, the tribe voted
46-4 that the elderly have a right to the
entire amount of interest earned, without
any withholdings. In a related decision,
seniors were given the right, by a 46-7
vote, to decide the fate of their land claims
earnings.
In a vote with no opposition, the
members at the meeting decided to give
themselves the right to appeal their status
on the tribal census; in a less over
whelming vote, members gave "the power
of removal” the census committee. That
to
item carried, 87-48.
In an unrelated matter, “
dangerous
building ordinances" for the tribe were
passed, 56-32. Tribal Lt. Gov. Joseph
Francis estimates there are seven to eight
buildings “ least” on the reservation
at
that pose a “
threat to the community”
through possible fire or personal injury.
Also, vacant buildings are sometimes used
as hang-outs for youngsters, and this is
considered unsafe.
No to newspaper
Finally, at the bottom of the agenda and
with less than 50 persons present, a
proposed budget for the Wabanaki Alli
ance newspaper, seeking $23,500 for a
fiscal year starting July 1 was soundly
,
rejected. The vote was 31-13.
The proposal stated that should voters
turn it down, the newspaper would cease
publication. However, tribal member
Wayne Mitchell introduced a motion,
which passed 46-0, asking Wabanaki Alli
ance to revise its budget and submit
another proposal to the Nation.
Micmac named
runner of year
BOSTON — Patti Catalano, a Micmac,
has set new records in footraces.
The Boston resident finished second in a
recent Boston marathon, and then won
nine races consecutively, setting a U.S.
record of 49:33 in the Jacksonville River
Run 15-kilometer race.
She was recently named Road Runner
of the Year by RRCA, the Road Runners
Club of America.
subscribe!
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866*4878
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Indian Island
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�Wabanaki Alliance May 1982
Page 6
Alcoholism agency to
close doors in August
Sipsis [Eugenia Thompson] of Indian Island leads a group of anti-nuclear marchers
through Old Town, after departing the reservation for the first leg of a peace walk to
the United Nations [see story].
BA.NGOR — The six-year-old joint
tribal alcoholism agency known as Wabanaki Corporation will be dissolved as of
Aug. 31. But the services it provides
through counselors are expected to con
tinue.
Corporation Director Steve Francis, a
Micmac, said Penobscots, Passamaquoddys and Maliseets will probably take
over the financial and administrative
responsibilities of the programs, on a local
basis.
Francis said not all Indian officials
favored decentralizing alcoholism serv
ices, but that with federal recognition of
most Maine Indians and increased federal
funding, the shift was inevitable. Francis
said he thought it might have occurred a
year earlier, and he has been preparing
for the orderly transition.
Wabanaki employs ten counselors, who
serve Indians at Pleasant Point, Indian
Township, Indian Island and certain off
reservation areas. The office staff consists
of Francis, a secretary, and a bookkeeper.
The corporation's budget this year was
$266,496. and for the first time, the federal
Indian Health Service (IHS) funded the
bulk of that figure. Other federal funds,
channeled through state offices, account
for 34 percent of the budget.
In the past, the budget has been larger,
Francis said, and funding was obtained
through National Institute on Alcohol
Abuse and xAkoholism (NIAAA).
As programs and the counselors them
selves are picked up by local Indian
government, “ theory, services will be
in
the same,”
Francis said. “
They (tribes are
equpped to do it now."
For several years Wabanaki Corpora
tion was located in a former Catholic con
vent at 93 Main St., Orono, but for some
months has been located at 1 Kenduskeag
Plaza, Bangor.
Asked about his future, Francis pointed
out, “ may work here beyond August to
I
phase down the corporation.”He said he
plans to form his own photography lab
business.
Off for a long walk
INDIAN ISLAND — In a scene
reminiscent of 1960’anti-war activism,
s
a group of about 30 people — including
several Penobscots — departed Indian
Island recently on a peace march to the
U.N. in New' York City.
Penobscot poet, Sipsis, led the
way. Most of the group planned to join
only for the day . . . James Neptune of
Indian Island marched as far as Orono,
for example.
With the blessing of tribal govern
ment. the peace marchers left the
reservation a day before the long w'aik
officially began in Bangor, xApril i.
Actually, it’ called World Peace
s
March, and began one year ago in
Japan. Groups will march from various
points in the U.S., converging on New'
York.
The groups are led by Jananese
Buddhist monks, who also walked with
The Longest Walk in 1978, an Indian
protest march across the nation.
Sipsis provided room and board,
overnight, for the Rev. Hiromitsu Kizo,
Sister Masai Tashiro, and the Rev.
Eiichi Kawana, at her Indian Island
home. They enjoyed a meal that
included Penobscot fry bread, and
Sipsis said her children were thrilled
with the visitors, w'ho speak through a
translator.
The purpose of the march is broadly,
to support a “
nuclear free w'orid.'' The
groups hope to reach New York City
prior to the United Nations special
session on disarmament, scheduled for
June.
On their first day, the marchers
walked under cloudy skies to the
University of Maine at Orono. where
they lunched and met with interested
people. By afternoon, the group had
shrunk to some two dozen people or
less, and walked in a downpour to
Bangor.
The next day. a much larger group
assembled for the formal departure.
Addressing that group on behalf of the
City of Bangor was Paul Zendzian, city
councilor and march supporter. Zend
zian is legal counsel to the Penobscot
tribal housing authority.
Several days later, the marchers
reached Augusta, where their effort
was praised by Gov. Joseph Brennan.
A workfare program is currently pend
ing in the city of Augusta, but Indian
Island may have the first workfare
program in the state to be already in
P i? PC I
\it hough the workfare program
is
hare regulations make seeking em■ rn n rnnnnat<>rv
• pf
to the
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WINNER — Susan Judson, 11, a fifth grader at Indian Island elementary school, took
first place recently in an essay contest on “
what her family means to her. She received
a trophy for her efforts, which took her two weeks, she said. She wrote, in part, “
My
family isn’perfect, whose is? But my family is very special to me. And to me, our love
t
for each other means ‘
forever’ Essay contest judges were special education teacher
.”
Glen Norris, counselor Richard Hewes, and principal Sr. Helen McKeough. As is selfevident, Susan is involved in gymnastics.
A chancy idea
An Indian stood on a street corner.
Whenever a woman went by he said
“
Chance.”
Finally, one lady walked up to the
Indian and said: “ always thought that
I
Indians said ‘
How.’ Why do you say
‘
Chance?’
”
The Indian replied: “
Lady. I know how.
ment Security Commission (the "unem All I want is a chance."
ployment office") in Bangor twice a
month, and to register with the Depart
ment of Employment Training and Youth
NEW ENGLAND COASTAL
Programs on Indian Island once a week."
SCHAGHTICOKE INDIAN
The regulations state that failure to
POW WOW
register will mean denial of assistance.
Date: May 1st & 2nd, 1982
Recently adopted regulations set guide
13th Year of annual Indian Pow Wowlines for the welfare budget on the Island,
Place: Avon Baptist Church Hall,
stipulating certain amounts for food,
Avon. Mass. — No. Main St., Rt. 28
clothing, housing and miscellaneous ex
Open: Saturday —9:00 a.m.-6:00 p.m.
penses. Copies of new regulations are
Sunday — 11:30 a.m.-6:00 p.m.
available from the health and human
REFRESHMENTS. ALSO INDIAN
services department on request.
FRY BREAD - DOOR GIFT PRIZES
Inrian representation from several
^.EN TA^ "HEALTH D IR E C T O R ’
different tribes
"or growing. T rib & ':iv -c ^ ra t& :
Show Time: Sat. 1:30 p.m. & 4:30 p.m.
commtinKv fteoifo program in
' 'v v • i
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Sion yf D fO fO S -G SfoH
Q P feS tO
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orovislon of inCM
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uvi'pr; 0 k • p w \N D Pn A \?
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ood experience* Send resurre
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Workfare tried . . .
(Continued from page 1
)
work, but she hoped that goodwill and
peer pressure would make the program
effective. Those persons who work will
not get any more or less on their vouchers
than those who do not.
The exact nature of the jobs to be per
formed under workfare was not spelled
out. but Strnad said the jobs would not be
those that would otherwise be done by
paid tribal employees.
■
W
'--VVLT-.*
CAN’ FIND A JOB?
T
Try the
JOB CORPS
Would vou like to be trained as a ...
Bookkeeper
Secret ary/Stenographer
Clerk Typist
Nursing Assistant
If you are 1 to 21 and not in school,
6
the Penobscot Job Corps Center has
training programs which may be of
interest to you.
The Penobscot Job Corps Center
provides all trainees with a place to
live, meals, health care and a cash
monthly stipend while you learn. And
when you finish, well also help you
find a job.
SOUND GOOD?
IT IS GOOD.
ASK FOR JOB CORPS
799
—in l he Port land area
—ill < < , ilUHii it it*vli
1
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�Wabanaki Alliance May 1982
Page 7
Woodstove safety
means a snug home
various sections together are solid and
By Joe MacIntyre
Now that winter is winding down, (we holding. Then scrape the creosote out of
hope), and the need to keep the wood the pipe, make sure it is clean and sturdy,
stove roaring all day and most of the night and then reassemble.
is ending, it is very tempting to ciose it off,
The chimney itself should then be
perhaps give it a coating of stove polish cleaned. From the roof a length of chain,
for the summer, and forget it until next such as tied-together tire chains or
whatever, can be lowered into the
fall.
This is the wrong thing to do.
chimney and swing around so that they hit
Most of us think, if we think of safety all sides as you lower them little by little
very much at all, that now that the down the chimney, knocking all the
heating season is about over and we creosote loose. If chains are not available,
haven't set fire to something, our homes another device that works well is a burlap
or ourselves, that the problem is over. It bag filled with stones or bricks and tied at
the end of a rope.
isn't. There is always next year.
When the chimney is thoroughly clean
Take the time now when you can shut it
down on a warm day, one of the ones we ed, then you'll have to get all the creosote
are starting to have, and spend some time out of the chimney at the bottom. There is
a cleanout door for this. Be sure and look
with your stove.
During the past winter your stove and in the creosote and see if there are any
stove pipe-has been building up a thick small chunks of masonry mixed with the
layer of creosote on the inside. Creosote is creosote. If there are, it may be that your
the black kind of tar-like deposit that chimney is starting to loosen. The mortar
results from having burned wood. It is the between bricks will, with age, dry out and
incomplete combustion product of wood, loosen and fall out. These must be
the moisutre and sap in the wood. It is replaced. Call a chimney man and have
more pronounced in green wood than him look at it for you.
Now you are ready to tackle the stove
wood that is well seasoned.
This creosote is flammable and is the itself. Again, clean out the creosote in the
cause of many stove fires and most stove, (there shouldn't be quite as much of
chimney fires. It has to be cleaned out it), and also check very carefully the fire
every year and often in the middle of the brick inside the stove. Make sure all are
still solid and still cemented firmly in
year.
There are chimney cleaning firms listed place. Take hold of them and try to move
VISTA [Volunteers In Service to America] worker, Alex Smith, helps a youngster with in the yellow pages of the phone book who them. They should be firmly in place. Look
her roller skates, on a visit to Indian Island. A Hartford, Ct., native, she is a Williams do a good job of cleaning chimneys. Cal! inside with a flashlight and see that none
of them are cracked or broken. These
College graduate who spent time on an Ojibway [Chippewa] reservation. She is living in one soon.
If you decide that you want to tackle the bricks are what contains your fire and
Bangor.
job yourself and save the cost, here are a prevents it burning through the side of
the next stove.
few suggestions:
Next, check the legs and base of the
First, it is a dirty, messy job so wear old
clothes. And inside of the house it might stove and the platform upon which it sets.
not be a bad idea to check the whole Make sure that these are all solid and
As a VISTA volunteer working will speak to the general public of
project out first with your wife so that you secure.
through Tribal Governors, Inc. I am Native American history and culture.
If you haven’done it this winter, when
t
don't do it soon after she’ just finished
s
Anyone who is interested should
trying to organize and fund a silkscreen
you put everything back together,
cleaning.
printing project. I am looking for contact me at 866-5526, Monday
Remove the stovepipe to the chimney, assemble things so that your stove is
members of the Penobscot, Passama- through Friday, 8 to 4. You need not be
and while you have it down, check the about thirty (30) inches out from the wall.
quoddy, Micmac, and Maliseet tribes experienced in the arts as there will be
entire length of the pipe to see if there are Not only is this a very good safety precau
living in the Bangor/Old Town area all kinds of work from designing and
any burn-out spots. A stove pipe does not tion, but you will also get 25% to 35%
who would be interested in becoming printing to actual distribution. These
last forever. The burn-out places will not more heat from the same amount of fuel.
involved in such a project. Using the will, for the most part, not be paid
And last, but not least, check all around
necessarily be all the way through the
knowledge and experience of some of positions; although you will have the
pipe, but rather will have a very thin kind the walls, sides and back of the stove and
the older members of the tribes and the opportunity to get valuable experience
of crinkled rusty appearance. Take a make sure that your insulation protectors
energy and artistic ability of the in print-making as well as marketing,
screwdriver or some similar tool and try are still in good shape. Notice if there are
younger members, we would design and especially for students interested
putting some pressure on the pipe in any badly scorched places. It may mean
and hand-print six or eight different in applying to art school, this project
different places. If the metal gives easily that it should be replaced or that your
sets of note cards to be sold in arts and will be a great addition to your port
to the pressure, it is thin and without stove was too close to the wall.
crafts stores, galleries and Indian craft folio. Once we do get a group of people
When you are finished and the mess is
doubt needs replacing. If it does, do not
stores throughout the state. Each together, we will set up a loose
take any chance — replace it, and make cleaned up, then give the stove a good coat
design would represent some aspect of schedule that will be dependent on
sure that the metal screws holding the of stove polish.
Penobscot, Passamaquoddy, Micmac, when the members of the group are
or Maliseet culture and on the back of free to work. Please give me a cal! if
each card, an explanation of the design, you are at all interested and we can
as well as the origin of the screened talk more.
I look forward to hearing from you.
cards, would be printed. In this way
Sincerely,
different members of the tribes would
Alexandra Smith
pul! together to create a product that
Letter from VISTA worker
A
Clinic needs more dental patients
INDIAN ISLAND — Dr. William Burns
of the U.S. Indian Health Service (IHS) in
Nashville, came to observe at the Dental
Program here, March 15. He commented
that the Dental Clinic is seeing more
patients than in the past.
However, he made it clear that unless
the tribe can increase the number of
patients in the program, the dental
program is in danger of being cut.
The IHS needs data to show the federal
government that at least 60% of the
Indian population in the service area have
been examined. The federal government
has been shown data to prove that there is
a need for dental services, but not that
there is a demand for those services.
“
Funding,” Burns said, “ based on
is
demand for services as shown by service
use.”
Burns said that IHS is mainly inter
ested in primary care, “
which they define
as oral examinations, hygiene instruction,
X-rays (when needed), diet counseling,
needed fillings, and needed extractions.”
"It is important for you and your
children to have a dental check-up and
cleaning every six months. We can then
tell you if you need further treatment,”
said Dr. Stuart V. Corso. tribal dentist. “
If
you have dentures, it is important that
you have an ora! examination once a year
to see how your mouth is reacting to the
dentures. Call us today for an appoint
ment. You don't have to have toothaches,
if you care for your teeth. Also it is
important that you show the IHS that you BEST OF FRIENDS — Five-year-old Passamaquoddy Chad Soeka** isin of Indian
are using the program. It’ your Dental Township, isn ’one little bit scared of these two big buddies, who
s
t
him on a walk
Clinic, support it!"
near his reservation house.
�Page 8
Wabanaki Alliance May 1982
news notes
Vicaire takes
helm at CMIA
ORONO — Melvin (Tom) Vicaire of
Mattawamkeag, tw ice director of Central
Maine Indian Association (CMIA) in the
past, has again assumed that role.
Acting Director Vicaire takes over from
James Sanborn, Bangor, who was hired in
August 1981. Sanborn left his post by
mutual agreement with the CMIA board
of directors. He said there are no hard
feelings, and he will miss a fine staff. “
I
learned a whole lot. I got a lot out of the
experience,”
Sanborn commented.
Vicaire told this newspaper he is
pleased to help an organization with which
he has long been associated. He is pro
prietor of Mattawamkeag Hardware &
Gun Shop.
Newel! n otes health
service cutbacks
MHO IS SHE — This sunny photo of Frank Mitchell, a Penobscot, was taken nearly two
decades ago. But who is the lass seated beside him? And is it really Frank Mitchell, and
where are they? [Photo courtesy of Florence Mitchell Herskind]
Ranco takes post with publisher
INDIAN ISLAND — Michael Ranco. a
Penobscot who has been a planning
consultant to the tribe here, has accepted
a position as regional director for adver
tising and sales with a Portland firm.
Ranco, a sports enthusiast who contem
plated starting his own sports newspaper,
will be involved in production of various
sports publications. The first project, he
said, is the 1982 Maine Runners Guide, to
be published by Material World, the
Portland company. Material World also
publishes Maine Law Review, and other
journals, Ranco said.
Ranco, interviewed for the job in
Augusta, was selected from two dozen
applicants. He is part of a staff of 17, and is
responsible for eastern Maine. He has
hired Craig Miller, a sportsman and
realtor, to work under him in advertising.
Ranco will receive a salary and commis
sion.
For several years, Ranco has organized
and managed the Andrew Sockalexis
Track Club at Indian Island. The club has
produced some topnotch runners. Ranco
has also organized track meets, including
the annual Sockalexis Memorial 4 mile
road race at Indian Island, held in July.
Ranco and his family reside on Indian
Island*
Houlton adds staff
HOULTON - The Houlton Band of
Maliseets, a recently formed group that
shared in the Maine Indian land claims act,
is expanding its staff at its Putnam
Arcade headquarters here.
According to Houlton Band director
Terrance Polchies, a resident of Bangor,
the following positions will be filled:
director, department of real estate; direc
tor of vital statistics; home/school liaison
worker; and tribal planner.
Polchies said Indian preference will be
used in hiring, although in other respects
the band is an “
equal opportunity em
ployer.”
Polchies has advertised the positions in
the Bangor Daily News.
Corrections
A story in the April issue of Wabanaki
Alliance was incorrectly headlined “
Tribe
buys water works.”Actually, the Passamaquoddy Tribe at Pleasant Point voted
to purchase the Eastport Water Company,
but the sale was contingent on several
federal agencies providing money through
grants, loans, or a combination thereof.
A photo caption about a Passamaquoddy student tour of University of
Maine at Orono should have included Sam
Dana and Rick Kelley, both counselors at
Indian Township. Both men helped or
ganize the first visit to the campus by
Passamaquoddy high school students.
Roiling Thunder
P enobscot
1892-1981
POSITION AVAILABLE
Coordinator for the Indian Task Force
of the New England Federal Regional
Council. Serves as only staff person for
a task force working for and represent
ing all the New England Indian Tribes
and groups. Salary in $20s. This is not a
federal job. Send resume to M. Osolnik,
HHS, Room 2411, JFK Federal Bldg.,
Boston, MA 02203, by May 7,1982.
INDIAN TOW NSHIP — Medical expenses allowed under contract health care
have been curtailed here, health director
Wayne A. Newell has announced.
Under revised priorities, Newell said,
the federal Indian Health Service will no
longer pay for “
elective hospital and/or
outpatient care (care that can safely be
deferred for more than 60 days).”
Nor will
IHS pay for luxury procedures, such as
cosmetic surgery.
These measures w ere taken “ order to
in
stay within our contract budget during
the remainder of this contract year,”
Newell said. “
This reduced level of
services will remain in effect until at least
Aug. 1.”
Still covered by IHS is urgent and
emergency care, and care needed within
30-60 days.
'Prevention' th e m e
of health m eetin g
DENVER, Colorado — The practice of
preventive health and its role in improv
ing the health care status of Indian people
was the focus of the fifth National Indian/
Alaska Native Health Conference held last
month in Tucson, Arizona.
The conference theme, “
Preventive
Medicine — The Key to the Future,”
illustrated the increasing emphasis placed
on preventive health measures in treating
problems such as diabetes, heart disease,
poor nutrition, alcoholism, and other
major health-related problems in Ameri
can Indian and Alaska Native communi
ties.
“
We need to look at why certain
diseases occur so frequently among Indian
people,”said Muriel Ortegas, a Papago
Indian who was instrumental in the
conference planning. “
And we need to find
out what Indian people can do for them
selves to help prevent these diseases.”
AA is 24 years old
INDIAN ISLAND — A potluck supper
and guest speakers brightened the occa
sion of the 24th anniversary of the Indian
Island Alcoholics Anonymous group.
The first official AA chapter in the area,
the Indian group that welcomes non-In
dians was founded by Clarence and Violet
Francis. More than 100 people turned out
for the evening program, organized by
Bobcat Glossian (Francis Sapiel).
Plans are already being discussed for a
gala 25th anniversary next year.
Bibliography set
for publication
ORONO — The American Friends
Service Committee's Maine Indian
Program will publish: “
The Wabanaki:
A Selective, Annotated Bibliography,”
this month.
It contains som e 300 works about
Maine Indians, annotated by Eunice
Baumann-Nelson, a Penobscot, who
holds a PhD. in Anthropology. It is
especially recommended for teachers
and librarians and as a resource for
college students and anyone interested
in Indian people of Maine. Retail price
is $6.50, pius handling, 75c. A 15
percent discount is offered to libraries
and schools. Send order with check
made out to AFSC, to Box 286, Orono,
Maine 04473.
Bi-lingual ed. en d in g?
AUGUSTA — Recent news reports dis
close that Passamaquoddy bilingual edu
cation projects — in place at Indian
Township and Pleasant Point reservations
— may see heavy budget cutbacks in the
future.
Much will depend on the Reagan ad
ministration and Congress, as they work
out a federal budget. Also uncertain is the
future of French, Indo-Chinese and Span
ish bilingual programs in Maine, according
to Barney Berube, state education con
sultant.
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
<em>Wabanaki Alliance</em> (May 1982)
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Indian Resource Center
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Passamaquoddy Cultural Museum
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1982-05
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Donald Soctomah
Julia Brush
Rights
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Steve Cartwright. Used with permission.
Language
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English
Type
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Document
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pdf
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DV-434
-
https://www.dawnlandvoices.org/collections/files/original/a589ac68d305cb171448df948c2d73a4.pdf
481ffff3ea35567b979f23b05ff0417c
PDF Text
Text
W abanaki
A llia n ce
Non-profit org.
U.S. Postage
Paid 2.1*
Orono, Maine
Permit No. 14
N ovem b er 1977
Brennan agrees
Tureen calls land
claims test of system
PORTLAND — The Maine Indian land
claims case puts the nation’ legal system
s
to the test, say both the lawyer for the tribes,
and the State Attorney General.
But beyond that mutual opinion, there is
little agreement between spokesmen for
Indians and the State. Their views on the 10
million acre, $25 billion tribal land claim
suit were made public recently at an all-day
seminar at University o f Maine at PortlandGorham.
An estimated 200 persons listened to
Thomas M. Tureen, lawyer for the Pen
obscot and Passamaquoddy tribes, as he
commented that the claims were, “
an
incredible mixture o f history, politics and
morality. This is not an ordinary lawsuit; it
really puts the system to the test.”
Later, Atty. Gen. Joseph E. Brennan
repeated Tureen’ remark, saying “
s
This
case is a test o f our legal system, I agree, but
for. different reasons. I believe their (the
Indians’claim cannot withstand historical
)
analysis ... we cannot remake history. That
in a nutshell is the case,” said.
he
Both Brennan and Tureen elaborated on
their arguments, and in an unusual move.
Tureen rebutted Brennan’talk. “
s
That’the
s
way it’done in court,”he said.
s
Other speakers in the University-spon
sored program were Passamaquoddy Gov.
John Stevens, Passamaquoddy educator and
claims negotiator Wayne Newell, Penobst >
i
Gov. Nicholas H. Sapiel, Portland I;
James J. Purcell and Deputy Atty. Gen. John
M. R. Patterson.
Newell talked about Indian cultural
traditions and his own life, in which he was
told he would “
never get anywhere”because
he was Indian, and that “
Indians need not
apply” job openings.
for
Newell, who has a master’ degree from
s
Harvard, commented that land claims "are
not a political question to be debated at
Harvard or Portland-Gorham. It’ a
s
question for you and me.” He discussed
native spiritual values, legends, and the
Maine Indians’desire for a good life in
harmony with the environment.
“
This case involves more than land
claims. It involves the very system o f govern
ment,”Newell said, adding, “ have not
we
yet dealt with the Indians in the State o f
Maine with honor.”
Newell said a charge by Gov. James B.
Longley that tribes are being led oy nonIndian lawyer Tureen is “ close to a racist
as
INDIAN ISLAND — Thanksgiving
remark as you can come. It implies Indians
commemorates a jolly feast involving In
can’think for themselves.”
t
dians and early white settlers, right? Wrong,
Noting that in the past Indians were ex
ploited because they could not read or write says a retired professor o f anthropology and
and yet were persuaded to sign treaties they ethnology; the harvest meal celebrates a
couldn't have understood, Newell said: brutal massacre o f Indians.
Thanksgiving honors a bloodbath, ac
(Continued on page 6)
cording to Prof. William B. Newell, a Pen
obscot Indian and a retired chairman o f the
University o f Connecticut anthropology de
partment. He and his wife Celina. a
Mohawk Indian, recently moved from
Florida to Riverview Drive, Indian Island.
Newell said his research is well-documented
Although Dr. Baumann has many years and based on facts. He explained the origin
experience behind her, she is far from con o f Thanksgiving in a recent interview at his
reservation home:
sidering retirement. She had several offers
"Going back to the early times, when
o f teaching positions at western U.S.
colleges, but preferred the move to Maine. Jacques Cartier discovered the St. Lawrence
River in 1554, leading up to Thanksgiving
Her husband has remained in Lima, Peru as
head o f a co-operative technical assistance Day, there have been many incidents that I
Thanksgiving grim
reminder to Indians
New health director
returns to her people
INDIAN ISLAND — A search for a
director o f Penobscot Indian Health and
Social Services Department ended recently
with the hiring of Dr. Eunice Baumann, a
Penobscot.
Dr. Baumann, who sometimes adds her
maiden name as Baumann-Nelson, is a
native o f Indian Island who has spent
several decades working with third world
peoples, mostly in South America.
After a career that has included teaching
stints at U.S. universities plus a dozen years
living in Peru, Dr. Baumann is now living
with her sister Mildred Akins on Oak Hill.
“ roots are here. I was bom and went
My
through the university living here at the
island,”
Dr. Baumann said.
She is looking forward to her new respon
sibilities, and already has a temporary office
in the tribal com m unity building.
Meanwhile, construction o f a $468,000
medical services building is progressing
toward an April 1 completion date, using
funds from an Economic Development Ad
ministration grant.
While the Indian health department is
itself not new, the scope and handling of
primary care services at an island-based
facility is a first for the Penobscot Tribe.
Former health department director Paul W.
Buckwalter, now deputy director, said the
new center will offer day care, family and
crisis counseling, and will provide social
workers and hom em aker services in
addition to routine health care.
agency.
A warm, articulate person with a bright
sense o f humor, Dr. Baumann said she looks
forward to a long life. She noted her mother
died at 90 last January, and five o f her six
aunts lived to be over 90. Her grandmother
lived to be 99.
Last May Dr. Baumann received an
honorary Doctor o f Human Letters degree
from the University o f Maine — the first
Maine Indian to be so honored. Years ago,
when after seven years Dr. Baumann earned
her Doctorate from New York University,
she was the first Indian to receive a PhD
from NYU.
Dr. Baumann has been associated during
her career with the Quaker American
Friends Service Committee, Board for
Fundamental Education, and U.S. Peace
Corps. Her experience with community
planning, services and development has
been extensive.
Active in civil rights and pacifist groups,
Dr. Baumann calls herself a “
humanist.”
She said she has always been for women’
s
rights: “ was a feminist before they even
I
thought of it
(Continued on page 7
)
want to speak about before we dwell on the
actual Thanksgiving Day.
“
After Cartier discovered the St. Law
rence. there were many people in Europe
'who sailed the coast o f Maine, including
Captain Hunt in 1607. Captain Hunt was
one o f many independent sailing ventures,
not government sponsored like Cartier,
Champlain and Hudson and those other
fellows. Hunt sailed the coast o f Maine
seeking loot or gold he heard so much
about.
"Gold, that he expected to find in New
England. He heard o f the Spanish gold dis
coveries o f that period, around 1500. He
thought perhaps there might be some in
New England. But he was disappointed, and
so were many others.
“
We don't know how many vessels plied
the coast o f New England not wanting to
(Continued on page 7
)
Job agency doubles budget
ORONO — Tribal Governors, Inc., of expansion o f resources such as addition o f a
Maine has more than doubled its 1977 seasonal farm w orkers program in
budget in projections for fiscal 1978.
Aroostook County, enrollment o f 45 clients
Figures for that comparison and other in classroom training programs, and im
information was presented recently at the provement o f employment prospects for
Tribal Governors (TGI) annual meeting. hard core unemployed Indians.
The budget will increase from $230,000 to
Listed as desirable goals in the report are
$520,562. However, an annual report expansion o f the migrant and seasonal
pointed out that while 215 individuals par workers program, a need for more account
ticipated in TG I Indian M anpower ability and an increase in minimum wage.
programs, there were a total o f 1,160
At the annual meeting Pleasant Point
persons eligible for participation.
Passamaquoddy' Tribal Gov. Francis J.
The 1977 report cited accomplishments of Nicholas was re-elected president o f TGI;
the year, and also listed unresolved
Maynard Polchies was voted vice president;
problems. Among problems are inadequate and John Stevens was elected treasurer.
training for professional staff, decreasing Polchies is president o f Association of
funds for comprehensive programs, inability Aroostook Indians, Stevens is governor of
to be prepared for changes, lack o f an the Passamaquoddies at Indian Township.
accurate method for recording data on
In other business, Central Maine Indian
immigration at reservations, failure to use Association discussed a foster care grant,
TG I’ advisory council in useful ways, and and George Tomer, a Penobscot, discussed
s
"fragmented relations” with related man land claims negotiations and a need to deal
power programs.
directly with Congress and the Executive
Successes o f the TGI program include
branch.
�Page 2
Wabanaki Alliance November 1977
editorials
Access to news
This the latest from the Grumble and Groan Department at
Wabanaki Alliance.
This is our fourth issue, and we’ proud to report the newspaper
re
has been happily received almost everywhere it’ gone, and that
s
includes Newfoundland, Florida, and the West Coast. Inquiries
about subscriptions arrive daily, and circulation is now about 2,000.
That’ the good news. The bad news is that while readers are
s
pleased with the content of Wabanaki Alliance, they are often the
same people who limit our access to newsworthy stories and events.
We are not completely green in the news business, and we know
there are often good and just reasons to close a meeting, to refuse to
comment, to withhold information. Reporters, we know, can be a
pain in the neck. They pester with questions, and they want to know
all the unpopular sides of stories — the controversies and difficulties.
But why do reporters want to know all that? It’ not to start
s
rumors, create gossip or satisfy personal needs. It’ a job. We are
s
trying to find out as much as we can so we can be honest, objective
and fair in telling our readers what’going on.
s
One principle we won’compromise is that the public has a right
t
to know. In the case of Wabanaki Alliance, that public is primarily
M aine’ Indian community, and we want members to be informed
s
about that community.
We all suffer when we are not well informed about issues, people
and events around us. Before closing the door, before turning away
from the reporter, think about the service a newspaper can perform.
Poetry
Maine, where time is lost in unbounded
beauty.
Land where the pines are forever reaching
skyward.
Land beyond heat and desert scorching sun.
Land o f cool dark timber, and laughing
lakes.
Land where lost souls find peace.
Home at last, deep rich earth, pregnant with
life.
Take me back — enclose me within forest,
lake and sea-side
Let me stay in mountains o f colours.
In the land o f changing season,
My land — my home, in harmony I stay.
1am part o f you.
Gail Wind
Home is where the heart is
Where the pines touch the heavens
a place where the land, dark and green
gives birth to living things,
a land vibrant and alive, whisper
but with no tongue to speak in words.
A place where winter snows rush down from
mountains,
swelling rivers and lakes,
a land where a person can walk
in harmony with the changing seasons___
Gail Wind
In a time before words, and tongue to speak,
Maine was bom.
For those who have ever walked
Pine-needle paths, moccasin silent
Know o f what I speak.
For those who ever laid awake in midnight
hours, in cabins.
Lost in dark forest, have heard.
The whispering, the singing.
O f the forest spirits.
Gail Wind
In the land o f changing seasons
O f maple, oak and ash
In the richness o f the year, I’ come home.
ll
Land alive with flaming colours.
To walk upon the deep rich earth.
Land o f red sunsets.
Land o f moon and haunting owls.
Land which speaks deep down to soul
Telling you — are part — you belong,
You are home,
M aine___
Gail Wind
Of attics and history
A lot of good things are stored away in attics and forgotten.
Probably many older Indian homes contain historical artifacts
that would be sheer gold to a museum collector, private collector or
dealer in valuable antiques. Ask any antique dealer or collector
about attics; they can yield much more than an archaeological dig.
But anyone who cares about preservation of old things will tell
you that attic storage is neither safe nor permanent. If a collector
doesn’ grab the fluff, it may be discarded, burned, damaged by
t
water, or simply ignored, forgotten, lost.
The worst aspect of people packing away their private stash of
artifacts is that people cannot see things that are part of their past.
Even if a family displays old carvings, photographs or snowshoes in
the living room, the audience is limited. And the danger o f harm
befalling these treasures remains.
A solution to the matter is easy to preach, but difficult to effect.
The answer is o f course a museum, probably operated by a non
profit historical society. Lest we offend anyone, there is already a
tribal museum at Unity, currently out of money and needing support.
A museum and historical society would offer multiple benefits.
First, such a project would provide an enjoyable educational resource
for Indians o f all ages, exposing them to the experiences and events
of their ancestors. It would present history in a factual, tangible way
quite different from the stereotyped textbook histories o f American
Indians so common in schools.
Second, but perhaps no less important, through exhibits and
programs a museum could offer non-Indians an eye-opening
educational experience. Indians cannot hope for drastic change in
non-Indian attitudes without a different kind of input.
Showing people an honest, unexpurgated history o f Maine
Indians would certainly be a different experience for many o f us,
Indians and non-Indians alike.
Hopefully, tribal rivalries could be avoided by an historical
society, so that a museum could represent Passamaquoddy, Penob
scot, Micmac, Maliseet and any other Maine Indians. Perhaps the
dedicated people at the Unity museum could be invited to participate
in a joint tribal historical society.
So quickly are customs, artifacts and traditions lost and
forgotten, that we are scared. Already much that is valuable has
disappeared, and continues to slip from our grasp.
There are attics in older homes, and poet T. S. Eliot has spoken
of attics in our minds. There are things in these places too valuable
not to preserve.
Wilderness
Wilderness Pursuits, a recently organized statewide program for
Maine Indian youth, is an inspiration.
Inspire means literally to “
breathe in,”and the trips planned by
this non-profit wilderness group are just that. The challenging rock
climbs, hikes and camping expeditions o f Wilderness Pursuits are
more than a breath of the glorious outdoors still beyond the clutch of
civilization.
These trips, involving groups of teenagers and older men and
women, are an opportunity to “
breathe”new confidence in oneself.
It’ a chance to find out one is able to overcome physical and
s
emotional difficulties through teamwork and togetherness in a
rugged environment that allows no cheating. An environment that
allows no drugs, alcohol or other addictive cop-outs.
Wilderness Pursuits offers us a few days of escape from television
and a multitude of other distractions. But it offers no escape from
one’own feelings. And this is precisely why Wabanaki Wilderness
s
Pursuits is so worthwhile.
A wilderness experience in the Orono-based program is a time to
encounter oneself, to get in touch with feelings and feel good about
one’ identity, abilities and interaction with companions.
s
We can’help but feel that holding the program together, and
t
underwriting its philosophy, is a feeling o f love. Thoreau, who visited
Penobscot Indians during his travels in Maine, observed that, “
In
wildness is the preservation of the world.”
If that’ so, Wilderness Pursuits is on the job.
s
�Wabanaki Alliance November 1977
letters
Page 3
WITH PIR/HIOIOK
IP flk . F E L U S l
Portland
To the editor:
It was with great interest that I read the
first issue o f Wabanaki Alliance. I wish to
extend to you my warmest congratulations
and best wishes for success. I am sure that
your paper will do much for the Indian
people in Maine and will be a welcome
addition to the news media in our State.
I wish you many years o f success and
increasing growth.
Sincerely yours in Christ,
Edward C. O ’
Leary
Bishop o f Portland
" \ E £»
N'R
Indian Township
To the editor:
Congratulations on the fine job you are
doing on the ‘
Wabanaki Alliance.’ think
We
the October issue is excellent.
Wayne A. Newell
Director
Wabnaki Bilingual
Education Program
Washington
To the editor:
I am writing to call your attention to the
White House Fellowship program and to
ask for your assistance in recruiting quali
fied Indians for this unusual opportunity.
The purpose o f the White House Fellow
ship program is to provide gifted and highly
motivated Americans with some first hand
experience in the process o f governing the
Nation and a sense of personal involvement
in the leadership o f our society. For one year
14-20 persons are chosen. They usually serve
as special assistants to Cabinet Secretaries,
the Vice President, and the President.
During the year Fellows meet with top-level
government officials for off-the-record dis
cussions and questions and answers. At the
end o f his or her term each Fellow has had
an intensive work experience as well as
broader insight into government.
For more materials or other specific
information, please write or telephone the
Commission’Director, Landis Jones, Presi
s
dent’Commission on White House Fellow
s
ships, Washington, D.C. “
20415, ’
(202T653:
6263. The deadline for requesting additional
applications is November 15. The deadline
for receipt o f completed applications is
December 1
.
When you are in Washington, drop by the
office at 1900 E Street, N.W., Room 1308,
for a visit with the staff. Many thanks for
your help.
Ada Deer
(Menominee)
Member, President’
s
Commission on White
House Fellowships
WABANAKI ALLIANCE
Flushing, N.Y.
To the editor:
Much time has passed since the old
treaties were written and signed between us
and the white men.
Our words that were spoken were true
and from the heart, and the land given in
good faith.
The land is all, the land is everything, the
land is our Mother. For us not to have our
land is to be homeless — a people with no
home.
We cannot return to another country, this
is our land, without it we are meaningless.
The others have destroyed that which was
given and taken. Now there is not much left,
that which is is still ours — DO NOT LET
THEM TAKE IT!
Six Nations — the Mohawk have said no
more and will fight for what is rightfully
theirs.
In 1977 we have learned the white ways
well. We have lawyers — we have all that
they do ... You have the land .. . They want
that land.
What will you do . . . What will you leave
the children . . . Leave to the chiefs not yet
born? Or, will there be no more chiefs or
Medicine Men?
All the eyes o f our people are watching,
ears listening. We are praying for you.
Praying that you will do the thing that you
know is right in your hearts.
Grandfather has given you what is yours.
Be true to the gift — do not SELL OUT, for
the ones that did, what have they now?
nothing — nothing — nothing — nothing
Do not become ghosts upon your own
land ... we have too many already.
Every Indian Nation is waiting to see what
the Penobscot and Passamaquoddy Nations
are going to do.
Fight — for we are beautiful native
people.
Gail Wind
Vol. 1, No. 4
November 1977
Published monthly by the Division of Indian Services (DIS] at the Indian Resource Center,
95 Main St., Orono, Me. 04473.
Steven Cartwright, Editor
DIS Board of Directors
Jean Chavaree [chairman]
John Bailey, CAP coordinator
Albert Dana
Timothy Love, CAP director
Jeannette Neptune, Tribal Clerk
Erlene Paul, Central Maine Indian Assn.
Roy Paul, Assn, of Aroostook Indians
Maynard Polchies, president, Aroostook Indians
Michael Ranco, Central Maine Indian Assn.
Indian Island
Pleasant Point
Indian Township
Indian Island
Indian Township
Indian Island
Houlton
Houlton
Orono
DIS is an agency of Diocesan Human Relations Services, Inc. of Maine. Subscriptions to
this newspaper are available by writing to Wabanaki Alliance, 95 Main St., Orono, Me.
04473. Diocesan Human Relations Services and DIS are a non-profit corporation. Contributions are deductible for income tax purposes.
Clarification
A story in last month's Wabanaki Alli
ance about Wayne Newell’ bi-Iingual
s
project at Indian Township implied that the
Catholic Church administers the school.
Actually, Maine Indian reservation schools
are run by local school boards. Church staff
fill certain positions in the school.
A story about Gov. James B. Longley
opposing the policy o f the State paying
reservation priests’
salaries also incorrectly
implied schools were administered by the
Church.
Central Maine
Indians elect officers
Vivian Massey
Penobscot woman
named delegate
INDIAN ISLAND — Maine will be rep
resented by one American Indian at an In
ternational Women’ Year (1WY) confer
s
ence slated Nov. 18-21, at Houston, Tex.
Joining the Maine IWY delegation will be
Vivian Massey, one o f 14 delegates from the
state and a Penobscot Indian. She was
nominated at a state IWY meeting held last
June at Husson College, Bangor.
“
The first thing I’ going to do down
m
there is look up any and all Indian groups,
to find out what their needs and concerns
are,” said Mrs. Massey, mother o f three
children and grandmother to four. She said
she is looking forward to the event, and will
fly to Houston a day early at her own
expense, to try to locate other native
Americans.
Mrs. Massey said she realizes she may be
a token Indian on the delegation, but she
feels that should not interfere with her work.
“
There will be a lot o f caucusing, but my
main concern is American Indian women
and what their needs are.” She said the
delegation is a good cross-section o f Maine
women.
Correction
Due to an oversight a letter from Charles
Colcord in last month’ Wabanaki Alliance
s
indicated membership in his organization,
the National Association o f Metis Indians,
did not require proof o f Indian blood.
The letter should have said the associa
tion does require some proof o f some Indian
blood for membership. The error was ours,
not the author’ Our apologies to Charles
s.
Colcord.
ORONO — Shirley Bailey was elected to
a three year term as president o f the board
o f Central Maine Indian Association, at a
general membership meeting last month.
She succeeds Bruce Francis, serving a one
year term on the board. In other voting
results, Mary Francis Isaac was elected vice
president for two years, and Peter Bailey was
elected for one year as secretary-treasurer.
Named to the board were John Isaac and
Donna Loring, two year terms; and Ramona
Stackhouse and Cynthia Robinson, three
year terms.
In other business, John Isaac suggested
CM IA try to find funding for its president.
Mary Paul proposed sending letters to
organizations informing them o f elections,
and Shirley Bailey made a motion to
advertise a foster care plan. The board
approved all items.
Do you have a
d rin k in g problem ?
Wabanaki Corporation offers an alco
holism program for Indian people who
need help because o f problems with
alcohol.
If you have such a problem and need
help, or know o f someone in need, please
contact the Alcoholism Counselor in your
community or area.
Indian Island — Alcoholism Coun
selor — Clarence Francis — 207-8277484 or 866-5577.
Indian Township — Alcoholism Coun
selor— Martha Baustis — 207-796-2321.
Pleasant Point — Alcoholism Coun
selor — Grace Rudenick — 207-8532537.
Association o f Aroostook Indians —
Alcoholism Counselor — Pious Perley —
207-762-3751.
Central Maine Indian Association —
Alcoholism Counselor — Alfred Dana —
207-269-2653 or 207-866-5587.
�Page 4
Wabanaki Alliance November 1977
State official favors
cash settlement of claims
AUGUSTA — If Maine Indians are
awarded compensation in a settlement of
their land claims case, the award should be
financial, and not involve actual acreage.
That’ the opinion o f Lee Schepps,
s
director o f the state Bureau o f Public Lands,
part of the Conservation Department.
Schepps said in a telephone interview from
his office that the Passamaquoddy and
Penobscot Indians’
lawsuit seeking damages
for the taking o f 12.5 million acres o f Maine
land is unjustified.
But Schepps said if the federal govern
ment decides Indians are owed something,
the tribes should be given a cash settlement.
With a monetary award, Indians could then
choose to purchase lands where owners were
willing to sell at a fair price, he said.
Pointing out that the President’ adviser
s
on Indian land claims has recommended an
out-of-court settlement o f 100,000 acres and
$25 million, Schepps said that instead of the
land, the tribes could be given $40 million.
“ ve no doubt (Indians) could acquire
I’
260,000 acres at $150 per acre,” Schepps
said, adding, “
there is a lot o f land still
available in Maine . . . I've no doubt that
given a willing buyer, you can go out and
buy large tracts o f land.”
Explaining his position on the land claims
Kevin Mitchell, a Penobscot, works on construction of new medical center at Indian Island.
See Health Director story page one. (Cartwright Photo]
case, Schepps said, “
The federal govern
ment can pay the Indians money based on
the fact that for generations the (govern
ment) has not paid for services. It should not
in any way be based on the validity of the
claims.”
Asked his view o f the merits o f the land
claims case, Schepps said, “ assume that
I
they will not win in court.”
The Indians’
suit puts the value o f 12.5
million acres at $300 million. The claims are
based on a 1790 Non-Intercourse Act that
said Congress must approve all treaties with
Indians. Treaties taking away the 12.5
million acres allegedly did not have Con
gressional approval.
Schepps said Maine does not owe Indians
any land, and that he does not think any
land should be turned over to them unless
ordered to do so through litigation. In any
case, Schepps is against transfer o f any of
Maine’public lands to Indians.
s
“
We are in the midst o f recovering them
for all the people o f Maine,” he said,
adding, “
there are precious few ... we rank
almost at the bottom o f the 50 states as far
as public lands."
Schepps said he would no sooner sell or
give away public lots than he would sell or
give up Baxter State Park.
Indian seeks to intervene in claims case
Visitors se e changes at Island
INDIAN ISLAND — A mother and
daughter who live in California revisited
their tribe’reservation here recently, after a
s
space o f many years, and found dramatic
changes on the island.
Teresa Hollowell and her mother Rita
Verdugo, both of Sacramento, said they
were delighted to return to the Penobscot
Indian village for a few days, as guests of
Mrs. Verdugo’sister. Eva Bisulca o f Indian
s
Island.
“ was really amazed at the new housing.”
I
commented Mrs. Verdugo, who had not
been home to the island where she grew up
in more than five years. Her daughter
Teresa had not revisited the island in 12
years.
“ s odd to see cousins all grown up,”
It’
said Mrs. Hollowed, who works in a hospital
cardiology department in California.
AUGUSTA — The Penobscot-Passa- attempt to win intervenor status. A petition
quoddy land claims case might possibly be has been circulating disapproving of
resolved before a judge hears a request for Thomas’efforts to intervene in the land
Mrs. Verdugo, whose husband William is intervenor status.
case, which seeks return o f several million
with the U.S. Postal Service, said she felt a
Ralph Thomas, a Penobscot Indian living acres o f former tribla lands.
new feeling o f togetherness and unity at in Gardiner last summer asked U.S. District
Penobscot Indians involved in land claims
Indian Island. When she and her daughter Court for intervenor status in the current negotiations have said Thomas does not
were last at the island, the community tribla land claims case, on behalf o f himself .have their support, and that his request for
building had not yet been built, nor had the and other off-reservation Indians. But a intervenor status could needlessly weaken
moccasin factory been started, with its lawyer for Thomas said Judge Edward
the tribes’
position. Some Indians are con
affiliated oil and gas business. The new Gignoux does not plan a hearing on the cerned that Thomas’
action implies a lack of
developments were encouraging, they said. request until next Jan. 1
5.
unity among the Penobscots.
While on their 9-day visit here, Mrs.
By that time the state and federal govern
Parks called any settlement o f the land
Verdugo and Mrs. Hollowed said they ment may have resolved claims with Maine’ claims, “ very hypothetical at this point.”
s
all
enjoyed eating lobster at Bar Harbor, and Penobscot and Passamaquoddy tribes, ac But he said his client is concerned that offsuch things as mince pie and other home cording to lawyer John M. Parks of Augusta.
reservation Indians may not benefit from a
made foods. They both have numerous "W e’ just on the losing side o f it,” Parks
re
settlement, especially if it involved an award
relatives in the tribe. Mrs. Verdugo’ told a reporter in a recent telephone inter o f land rather than money.
s
brother is Gov. Nicholas H. Sapiel. She has view.
“ there anybody in there representing
Is
a son, William Jr., who lives in Sacramento.
Apparently, a number o f Maine Indians our interests? We say no, there isn’ Parks
t,”
would just as soon see Parks lose in his
said.
Proposal calls on
Maine churches
to support Indians
MT. DESERT — An interdenomina
tional group for reconciliation with Maine
Indians has been proposed by the wife o f an
Episcopal minister here.
Harriet H. Price o f Pretty Marsh, wife o f
Rev. George N. Price, said she believes a
statewide ecumencial committee "could
work to reduce tensions between Indians
and non-Indians.
“
The committee could provide leadership
in the effort to discuss the issues in a context
of mutual understanding, calm reason and
constant prayer,”Mrs. Price said. She said
the land claims case has been misunder
stood and that guidelines are needed for
peace and harmony.
Mrs,. Price said the 158th convention of
the Episcopal Diocese o f Maine has “
recog
nized aboriginal rigths as a moral issue
deserving o f prayer for justice for all persons
involved.” Reverend Price and the Acadia
Regional Council introduced an amendment
to "include the rights o f all Americans to
seek redress of wrongs through due process
of law.”
Mrs. Price said she hoped a reconcilation
committee would be initiated by the Maine
Office for Religious Cooperation, and the
Maine Council o f Churches.
W O O D AND BRICK — The edifices of S t Anne’ Church,
s
Indian Township, left, and S t Anne’ at Pleasant Point
s
�Wabanaki Alliance November 1977
Page 5
Wilderness Pursuits
We can sing together
By Steve Cartwright
ORONO — It was chilly and wet, dark,
windy, with the drizzle almost turning to
snbw. We had broken the rules o f Wilder
ness Pursuits and built a campfire to warm a
dozen shivering bodies and dampened
spirits.
A Maliseet Indian youth stood up and
interrupted an argument about whether
women should be equal to men. “
We can’
t
all talk together, but we can all sing
together,”he said.
For me, his comment symbolized the
spiritual unity and strength o f our four-day
camping expedition over a mid-November
weekend. His words seemed like poetry, and
there seems to be a poetry to the philosophy
o f Wabanaki Wilderness Pursuits, a
recently organized Maine Indian program
that leads young men and women on ad
venturous, challenging backpacking and
rockclimbing expeditions.
The program has already involved a
number of Indian youths from varied back
grounds, and some o f those backgrounds
bear the scars o f a tough life. Participants
come from broken homes, foster homes,
have dropped out o f schools, served time at
Maine Youth Center, taken' drugs and
abused alcohol. I was simply a guest, and
consider myself fortunate to have shared
experiences with a group o f individuals who
were each, in their own way, beautiful.
The old truism that people who undergo
hardships together become closer holds for
Wilderness Pursuits in a refreshing sense.
What I saw happen in a few days involved
cooperation, changed attitudes toward self
and others, and gains in trust and self-con
fidence.
Self-confidence is something we all need,
but Indian youth seem to be at a particular
disadvantage. “ wish I could be Indian but
I
look white,” said one attractive, darkskinned and dark haired girl.
I asked her why. “
Because you go through
life being hassled,” she said, and 1 could
only sit and gaze into the fire, wondering
about whites like myself, and our bigotry
and blindness to these people.
I was jokingly called the “
token honky,”
on our camping trip, but at all times I was
included and treated with respect, warmth
and toward the end, with love. When we
stood with arms, around each other by the
fire, I was happily in the circle.
Leading the trip were Rick Love, a Pen
obscot from Indian Island, and Anthony
Joseph, a Maliseet from the Houlton area.
In their non-authoritarian, easygoing style,
these young staffers gave direction and
support to the whole group.
The expedition started with a first day in
woods owned by University o f Maine at
Orono, where Wilderness Pursuits staff has
set up a “
ropes course.”The course consists
o f a variety o f challenges, such as walking
up an angled tree trunk without other
support (but with a safety line); doing the
“
flea hop”from post to post; climbing a
“
giant’ ladder” by jumping upward; or
s
bridging a gap from one platform to another
without touching the ground.
Participants crowd onto one platform,
with two boards neither o f which will stretch
to the next platform. Use your ingenuity
from there. Tony Joseph joked and said
“
injun"-uity. But he was right. At a similar
course at Turner, Maine State Police
troopers needed three hours to sort out a
solution. It took our expedition all of about
ten minutes.
The course was lots of fun. but has its
serious side. It teaches that obstacles (such
as a bare wall to surmount) can be overcome
by a group helping one another, and by not
taking a defeatist attitude. “ for it, take it
Go
on," Tony would shout, grinning at the
group's accomplishments.
After a first night camping in UMO
woods, we packed up and were driven to
Little Chick and Big Chick Hills near
Clifton. We strapped on our packs and
hiked to a campsite beside a stream. Supper
included delicious Indian pan-fried bread.
By that second night, with our second
camp, the group knew itself pretty well.
After supper we debated women's rights,
how it feels to be Indian, the PenobscotPassamaquoddy tribal land claims. A
majority voted that men should be
dominant.
“ you were lost and could follow either a
If
man or a woman, which one would you
follow?”That question was hotly disputed,
as were others. We seemed to be a family,
and in a literal sense, some o f us were. There
were a brother and sister, two sisters, and
most o f the young people were related to one
another and to Tony Joseph. One youth was
Micmac.
“ don’like Miemacs,”said one girl, but
I
t
she later apologized. The group discussed
being hassled in school about being Indian.
Breakfast w-as fixed and ready before the
leaders were even out o f their tents — we all
shared four top quality lightweight tents. As
the trip wore on, participants showed
increasing initiative in taking on respon
sibility for things like cooking and dish
washing in the stream.
On the third day we trekked up Big Chick
in dense fog which only lifted momentarily,
to the “
ahh’ o f the group. “ like this
s”
1
mountain so much, I just like being here,”
said a 15-year-old girl, eyes shining. Earlier,
she had talked about missing Big Macs and
a warm bed, and said her mother almost
refused to let her go on the trip.
Each applicant must, if not o f legal age,
have a parent sign a release o f liability for
participation in a wilderness trip. I signed
my own release without hesitation, and was
continually impressed with the safety pre
cautions and vigilence o f trip leaders Tony
Joseph and Rick Love.
Even though a boy suffered a slight back
injury in the ropes course (because we par
ticipants failed to catch him when he
slipped), and could not complete the
weekend with us, I give my unqualified vote
o f confidence to Wilderness Pursuits.
Camping with them is safer than crossing
the main street o f your town.
That last point brings me to the feeling of
wilderness itself. We were away from tech
nology and so-called civilization. We had
some good equipment, but basically we were
coping with food and shelter and our spirits.
At times individuals were obnoxious, and we
had to live with it. And the individual had
to live with us.
At no time was an individual alienated or
rejected by the group for more than a few
m om ents. When a situation becam e
stressful, as when one boy lagged behind on
the trail, someone would say, "remember
we’ a group, now come on.”
re
We stayed a group and only reluctantly
parted company on the afternoon o f the
fourth day, after waking up to a frozen
world dusted with new snow. We were all of
us struck by the beauty o f even a winter
woods with its bare trees and mud.
Part o f the beauty was in the harmony of
our living together with nature. Part o f the
beauty was the sense o f personal change, of
young persons touching basic values and
feeling good, feeling proud o f their proven
potential. Participants.-myself included, had
proved themselves through good weather
and foul, in easy and in difficult circum
stances.
Wilderness campers heading homeward.
Lowell, Mass. Indians want return of land
LOWELL, Ma. — An Indian association
here reports it has contacted the Massa
chusetts Department o f Environmental
Management in an attempt to acquire a
portion o f Lowell-Dracut State Forest.
The parcel o f land in question was once
part o f Pawtucket Falls Reservation, 16501693, according to Onk Watase (Edward
Guillemette), chief o f the Greater Lowell
Indian Cultural Association.
“ is hoped that with the acquisition of
It
the use o f this land, there will be erected
traditional Indian dwellings to demonstrate
to the public how Indian tribes lived. There
is no plan for permanent occupancy o f the
area at this time,”Watase said.
The goals of land acquisition in the stale
forest were listed in an association news
letter as follows:
— To have a burial ground for the
purpose o f returning the remains o f Indian
peoples to our Mother Earth, in the event
that such remains are dug up by accident,
by contractors, or by any other means.
— To insure that this part o f our Mother
Earth will be protected from all kinds o f en
croachments. This is now a beautiful,
natural woodland, which will be a wonderful
living memorial for our Brothers and
Sisters, in the land o f their ancestors, and it
would remain this way for all time.
— This will make available, a place for all
Indian People to congregate, to perform
various rituals and enjoy their traditional
festivals throughout the year.
— This area will be open to the general
public at specified times during the year.
Cutler a Bangor native
BANGOR — One o f the three men named
by the President to an Indian claims task
force is a native o f Bangor.
He is 31-year-old Eliot R. Cutler, a Har
vard graduate and deputy director o f the
U.S. Office o f Management and Budget
(OMB). He was quoted recently in the
Bangor Daily News as saying, "I wouldn’
t
say I am optimistic, but I am hopeful” a
settlement can be reached in the Maine
Indian land claims case.
Cutler, son o f Dr. and Mrs. Lawrence
Cutler o f Bangor, is a former aide to Sen.
Edmund S. Muskie, D-Maine. He is serving
on the recently-appointed claims task force
with Washington lawyer A. Stephens Clay,
and U.S. Department o f the Interior lawyer
Leo M. Krulitz.
Although administration officials refuse
to call the task force a negotiating team,
Indian leaders have said the three-member
panel amounts to the same thing. Meetings
have been scheduled between the task force
and a Passamaquoddy-Penobscot tribal
negotiating team.
Change nam e of peak
WASHINGTON — Mt. McKinley may
not be known by that name in the future, if
advocates o f the mountain’ original Indian
s
name win their case.
The federal Board o f Geographic Names
held a hearing recently on changing Mt. Mc
Kinley’ name to Denali, a Tanana Indian
s
word meaning “
The Great One.”
View of Indian Township elementary school, site of bi-lingnal program.
�Page 6
Wabanaki Alliance November 1977
Lawyers call land claims test of legal system
(Continued from page 1
)
claims case inflicts on “ innocent third
an
party”— the non-Indians o f Maine.
Brennan said Indian land claims create a
“
serious crisis” in Maine’ economy, and
s
have the potential for “
crippling the state.”
He also said the suit opens the “
potential for
endless lawsuits,” and the potential for
removal o f property owners from their land.
Governor Stevens took issue with Bren
nan, telling the audience, “
What I heard
this morning is something you people really
ought to question. We don’ want to hurt
t
anybody. We are a sympathetic people; we
are a reasonable people."
Stevens said Longley and other politicians
are concerned with big business, and that
making “
big business the only priority is
bad business.”.
Stevens said he is confident the Penobscot
and Passamaquoddy Indians will win some
thing in the land case, but he’not sure how
s
much. He said the case has a legal basis:
“
This is what this case is about: facts of law,
not myths or dreams or skyhooks.”
Stevens said Maine could be a model for
the U.S. in treatment o f Indians and their
claims, if it chooses to do so.
But Brennan said he would rather see the
claims litigated in court than a negotiated
settlement. Ten per cent o f the claims are
for public lands in Maine, 90 per cent for
privately-held land.
Tribal spokesman Wayne Newell, right, confers with Passamaqaoddy Gov. John Stevens.
While the federal government could
negotiate an out-of-court settlement for
private lands, the state is involved in the suit
for public lands.
The convention agenda this year offers
ST. PAUL, Minn. — Indian Education:
Tureen blamed Brennan for making the
We Learn From Yesterday For Tomorrow, participants information on such topics as
state a stumbling block to resolving the land
was the theme set for the ninth annual Na tribally-operated schools, special education,
claims, but said the state’ refusal to
s
tional Indian Education Association’ con legislation pending in Congress on Indian
s
negotiate could mean, “ ll take Baxter
we’
affairs, health services, Indian parent in
and the Public Lots; that would be ducky.” vention to be held November 6-10, 1977 at
volvement in the schools and the reauthori
Tureen said he is an "optimist by nature” the Civic Center here.
zation o f the Indian Education Act (Title
and believes Indians will win their claims.
The National Indian Education Asso IV). There are about 75 workshops
He said homeowners will not be displaced by
ciation (NIEA) is a non-profit membership scheduled throughout the convention.
any land agreements. “ s very easy to
It’
organization o f educators, parents and
Medicine men representing different
create false fears. It’very easy to go around
s
students concerned with the quality of tribes will perform the opening ceremonies
and tell people something’going to happen
s
education American Indian people receive. each day o f the convention. Representatives
and then take credit when it doesn’ NIEA, as a national organization which has
t
from the National Tribal Chairman’ Asso
s
happen,”he said.
as its central pu rpose expanding ciation, the National Congress o f American
Tureen recalled that he began working on
edu cational opportunity for American
Indian, the Bureau o f Indian Affairs, the
Passamaquoddy land claims in 1967, while
Indians, conducts an annual convention to Office o f Indian Education and NIEA will
still a law student. He took over the case
address issues and concerns pertinent to present a panel discussion on each organiza
when his predecessor was sentenced to two
American Indian people nationwide.
tion’philosophies or policies.
s
to four years in prison for possession o f
marijuana, shortly after the first suit was
tiled.
The claims case itself began 2G years ago
when Stevens located a 1794 treaty at Indian
Township. But Tureen said, "These claims
were never taken seriously until about a year
ago. The Governor and Attorney General
have told us repeatedly for months and
include insulation work, new roofs and
INDIAN ISLAND — The second phase of
months and months that these claims are
siding, and storm windows.
a Penobscot Indian housing project is about
absolutely frivolous.”
Both the rehabilitation work and the
to get underway here, with funding from the
phase two housing, which will be located on
federal Department o f Housing and Urban
an as yet undeveloped part o f the island, are
Development (HUD).
included in a ten year master plan for the
Construction is expected to begin in the
Penobscot reservation.
next few months on 40 new units o f housing,
The tentative ten year plan is still in a dis
at a total estimated cost o f $55,000 to
cussion stage, according to Carpenter.
$58,000, according to Morris Carpenter,
Listed in the plan as short range goals are a
Penobscot Reservation Tribal Housing
third phase o f housing, construction o f a
Authority executive director.
boat dock and launching ramps on the Pen
Housing will be sold to qualified Indian
obscot River, and channeling o f a stream to
families at affordable prices, with the
drain a swampy area.
amount depdending on the family’income.
s
Mid-range goals o f the master plan are
Carpenter said. Already occupied are 29
development o f a commercial area, a new
housing units o f the authority’ first phase
s
Indian Island elementary school, recreation
project, begun in the fall of 1976.
area, and construction o f a bridge from the
Carpenter said the authority is hopeful
island to Milford. Such projects are in no
HUD will approve a so-called force account,
way definite, and are only being considered
allowing the local authority to act as
as possibilities. Carpenter said.
contractor for the construction project. If
Long range goals o f the plan include a
HUD rejects the proposal, the 40 units will
loop road connecting both ends o f Indian
be built by a contractor solicited through a
Island, land conservation measures, and a
conventional bidding process.
possible bridge from Indian Island to Orson
The force account is sought because of
Island — a larger island upriver from the
many difficulties that arose in connection
reservation that could be developed for
with construction of the first, $45,000
future residential and commercial uses.
project. (See related story in this paper on
The master plan, dated August 1977, is
lawsuit against contractor.)
the work o f Townscape Associates, a
Another project o f the housing authority
Cambridge, Mass. firm. The housing
involves rehabilitation o f existing dwelling
authority has retained Adams Associates of
Indians explain their case: from left, Wayne Newell, Gov. John Stevens, Gov. Nicholas units on Indian Island. Carpenter explained
Deer Isle as architect for their projects.
that renovations to about 30 homes will
Sapiel.
“
Today, however, we can write. Today we
can read. This is not settled. We did not
acquiesce, and we will not acquiesce.
“
The Passamaquoddies never sold land,”
Newell said. He called statements to the
contrary a “
cold misrepresentation o f the
facts.”
Patterson introduced a new idea into the
claims controversy when he argued that
Passamaquoddy Indians are actually from
Canada, and therefore land claims in Maine
are not valid.
Pressed later as to whether this was a
factual argument, Patterson said, “ raises
It
a serious question ... they were not purely a
Maine tribe.”
Stevens responded, saying, “ s fascinat
It’
ing for me to hear I’ a Canadian Indian.
m
I’ been called everything under the sun
ve
before, but not that.”
Brennan recited the State’ basic argu
s
ments against tribal claims. He said the
1790 Non-Intercourse Act, that would
require Congressional approval o f all
treaties, did not apply to New England. That
Act is the basis o f Indian claims because
Maine treaties since 1790 have not been
ratified by Congress.
Brennan said, “
Regardless o f whether the
acts apply, the tribes were divested of
aboriginal title by conquest.”He referred to
a 1759 proclamation by Gov. Thomas
Pownal that Indians in New England were
conquered.
“ seems logically inescapable that in
It
admitting Maine to the Union (the federal
government) approved all previous treaties,”
Brennan said.
In other remarks, Brennan said he
believed it wrong to continue state services
to Indians who no longer need those
services. Penobscot and Passamaquoddy
Indians recently gained federal recognition
and became eligible for B.yreau o f Indian
Affairs monies. However, Micmac, Maliseet
and other Maine Indians are not eligible for
BIA funds.
Brennan declined to comment on that
situation when asked about it by a reporter.
Brennan said he supports the concept o f a
“
moral statute o f limitations.” Recalling
abuses o f various minority groups in the
past, Brennan said there is no way we can
make reparations today for past injustices.
A young man attending the seminar
asked Brennan how long a “
moral statute of
limitations” would be. Would it be ten
years, a year, one month, the man asked.
Would he be free o f responsibility after the
statutory time, he asked.
Brennan characterized the tribes as “
selfrighteous.”He said the “
more serious ques
tion”he faces is the possible harm a land
Indian education group holds sesssion
Indian Island housing
enters second phase
�Wabanaki Alliance November 1977
Thanksgiving a
grim reminder
(Continued from page 1
)
return to Europe empty-handed. They took
some o f my people as captives and sold them
as slaves. Among them was one Indian,
Squanto.
‘
‘
Squanto, brought to England, was not
an outright slave; he was indentured to a
nobleman and in the years to come, he
learned a lot o f English, and eventually he
returned to America on one o f those many
sailing vessels. And together with other
members he spoke much English.
“
While he was in England he learned of
their customs. How if you spoke against the
English government you would be boiled in
oil. And he also learned that they burned
people at the stake. Many o f these people for
the slightest reason. Joan o f Arc for instance
was burned at the stake 13 years before
Columbus discovered America.
“
After Captain Hunt and the others were
disappointed they left behind them disease,
measles, chicken pox, smallpox especially.
So by the time the Pilgrims came, the
Pilgrims’
first expedition was composed of
men and women and children, not only men.
Heretofore it had only been men looking for
treasure. But now here came these men and
women in those cold November days o f
1620.
“
They were starving. They were homeless,
they were poverty-stricken, you might say.
And the Indians, recognizing them from the
distance, saw women for the first time.
Squanto was one o f those men. He said to
his chief, “
There are women who have come
to America. I better go down and find out
what they want, what they’ come for.”
ve
“ Squanto and Massasoit went and
So
interrogated one o f the men who headed the
expedition and he told them, “
We want to
establish a home amongst you. We want to
stay and remain.”
“
Squanto said, “
well that’different from
s
the rest o f the people.” He told his chief,
“ better let them come. We can let them
we
have some o f the land.”You know Indians
never sold land. It’ unknown in all history
s
for an Indian to sell land. It was like selling
air to breathe or water to drink. That was
something that God gave us.
“
We knew our boundaries. W e didn’
t
fight over a boundary line. We had’
,our
hunting territories and we kept within them.
Once in awhile a brave might decide that
he’ like to have some fun and lead an
d
expedition against the Micmacs or some
other group. But not for an out-and-out war
... over what, not boundaries, not land. We
never fought over the land. In all the history,
even Manhattan, when they Offered the
Indians there a trifle, a bottle o f rum, and a
few trinkets for the privilege o f living with
the Indians of Long Island, they didn’
t
mean to sell the land outright.
“
They couldn’ conceive o f the idea of
t
selling land, and that remained a fact for
many years until eventually somebody got
the idea o f accepting money for land.
“
After Hunt had toured these shores, and
the Pilgrims arrived, and were accepted, the
Indians gave them food — turkey, potatoes,
tomatoes, corn — all American foods. The
English never heard bow we had, potatoes,
corn or such good foods. We gave them
plenty.
Father Biard, a Jesuit priest among the
Indians, said, “ it hadn’ been for the
If
t
Indians feeding us and caring for us, those
first two winters, and healing the sick —
many o f our men were dying from scurvy
because they had no greens to eat. The
Indians gave them greens, saved their lives.”
“ did the same thing for the Pilgrims.
We
We gave them food, and we got along fine
until the Massachusetts Bay Colony came in
and started making trouble. You know that
history, the white man’ history. I don’
s
t
know much white man’ history, but I’
s
m
telling you the Indian history.
“
We got along fine up until that
happened. Then these Englishmen got
rowdy. A Pequot warrior called King
Page 7
New director
(Continued from page 1
)
Celina and William Newell of Indian Island. His Indian name is Rolling Thunder.
Phillip, organized a confederacy o f Southern
New England Indians at the time o f the socalled King Phillip’ War. Unfortunately,
s
we were not in any shape to cope with the
artillery o f the English with our bows and
arrows. We didn't have rifles until the
Dutch introduced them to us in trading for
furs.
“
We were driven back. They captured
King Phillip. And do you know, they took
King Phillip’ head and hung it over the
s
gateway to the settlement. That was the
English idea.
"Eventually, they (English) resorted to
scalping, and instead o f bringing in heads
they were satisfied to bring in a scalp. They
brought many scalps at different times of
those Indians.
“
Leading up the French and Indian War,
when the French came down, and the Rev
olutionary
War:
King
George,
he
commanded the Penobscot Indians to fight
in defense o f his land. The King said we had
promised to do that. We never had promised
King George to do any such thing.
“
Whereas the Micmac Indians and
Indians to the west o f us fled with the revo
lutionaries . . . eventually we refused to
fight-. Do you know what King George did?
Ffe.issued a proclamation offering 20 to 40
pounds a head for a scalp. For every scalp of
a Penobscot Indian he could take, he would
give 40 pounds. That’to the militia.
s
"But if a civilian took a scalp, he was
given 300 pounds. And that was what we
had to cope with, all because we refused to
fight our brothers, the French and Indians,
the Micmacs that is.
"In 1620, that wasn’ the first Thanks
t
giving Day. The first Thanksgiving Day was
in 1637, when the Pequot Indians, fighting
that same Massachusetts Bay Colony, were
at war. The English decided to drive us out
o f New England.
“
There were 700 massacred at a Pequot
village.
“
They attacked us one time when we were
holding our religious ceremony, the Green
C om Dance, thanking God for the com,
squash, pumpkins, potatotes, what not;
thanking Him for the fruits o f the earth.
That was our Thanksgiving, the Indian
Thanksgiving.
“
And that’ what our men and women
s
were doing when the English were
commanded to fire upon our men, women
and children while they were observing a
religious ceremony.
"All I’ told you is documentary history.
ve
An official government report o f the
massacre, at what is now Groton, Conn.,
said: "A s they durst not come forth any
longer, I commanded Sergeant Vanderhill
(a Dutch officer fighting with the English
against Indians) to set fire to the building.
"And 700 men, women and children were
burned to death in 1637.
“ commemoration o f that deed, the first
In
Thanksgiving Day ever proclaimed in
America, was proclaimed by Massachusetts
Bay Colony, thanking God that they had
dispatched those 700 men. women and
children. You will find that in all the books,
it’not hearsay.
s
“
And those men and women were not
phoney. They were alive, honest, religious
people observing their green corn festival.
"For the next 100 years every Thanks
giving Day proclaimed by a governor o f a
colony or a President o f the U.S.. was
thanking God tor this bloody victory.”
Postscript: Newell is not bitter about his
story, nor does he suggest anyone should
give up observing Thanksgiving. “ least
At
give us credit,”he says, and understand the
Indian history o f the occasion. "W ho are we
thanking, if not the Great Spirit," he said,
adding, "Enjoy your turkey. We still are
thankful. We forgive.”
How would Indians treat a white visitor
today? "You can visit any Indian home
today, and if you’ our friend, we will invite
re
you to eat,” Newell said.
Prof. Newell. 84. has made his mark in
white America. A graduate o f Syracuse Uni
versity. he is listed in Who’ Who In New
s
England and Who's Who in the East, he has
taught, lectured, aided museums and con
tributed to publications across the country.
He received a master’ degree from Univer
s
sity o f Pennsylvania.
Born at Boston, Newell’ Indian name,
s
and his father’ name, is Rolling 'Thunder.
s
The younger Newell founded Six Nations
Association, a group assisting Indians in
N.Y. state. He has served as resident
authority on primitive art at the Brooklyn
Museum. N.Y.. and as director o f the
American Indian Museum o f Arts and
Sciences.
Newell led a successful effort to secure
certified teachers and standardized schools
for reservation Indians in N.Y. slate. He has
worked as an Episcopal missionary to the
Seneca tribe, and has taught at the Uni
versities o f Florida and Connecticut.
Newell is a member of the American
Academy o f Political and Social Sciences,
American Anthropological Association, and
the American Association o f University
Professors.
Apache named
to labor post
Roland R. Mora, a disabled Vietnam
veteran, has been confirmed by the Senate
as Deputy Assistant Secretary o f Labor for
Veterans’Employment. Mora, 39, is the
first person ever appointed to the position
which was created with the passage o f the
Veterans’ Education and Employment
Assistance Act o f 1976.
Mora was bom in Albuquerque, New
Mexico o f Chiricahua Apache and Hispanic
parents and served as a regional intelligence
officer for the Third Marine Division in
Vietnam.
Dr. Baumann said Indians are one o f a
number o f minority groups seeking equal
rights and basic respect as groups of
individuals. “
When the Blacks were seeking
to have their rights granted and respected I
told my husband theirs is just the
beginning,”she said.
Commenting on current trends, Dr.
Baumann said, "There is a trend toward
ethnicity, a searching for group identifica
tion within manageable social limits .. . the
Black movement, the gays, anyone you can
think of.
“ think this move for social identity is a
1
reaction against alienation; it’ worldwide,”
s
said Dr. Baumann, adding, “ comes from
it
the death o f religion. Religion played such a
role in people’lives. A decade ago we had
s
this God is dead thing. This finding o f a
group identity is part o f a historical per
spective."
Dr. Baumann said her return to her
native reservation is itself a sign o f the move
ment for ethnic identity. She said her
relatives at Indian Island had been urging
her to return to her people.
Dr. Baumann has a daughter attending a
Quaker school at Deerfield, Ma.. and a son
at the American School in Lima. Peru.
Onward program
s e e k s students
ORONO — A program at University of
Maine for economically and educationally
disadvantaged students is seeking candi
dates for the 1978-79 academic year.
Called Onward Special Services, the pro
gram provides courses in basic academic
skills such as reading, writing, math, science
and study habits. Financial aid is available
through the UMO financial aid office.
"It is our. principal objective to provide
supportive services to people who would not
be accepted at UMO through the normal
admissions process,” explained Onward
counselor Kathy R. Friedrich. Onward has
offices on the Orono campus that offer
personal, career, social and academic coun
seling, both in groups and individually.
In charge o f Onward’ native American
s
student program is Theodore N. Mitchell, a
Penobscot from Indian Island. Onward wel
comes recommendations on candidates for
the program.
Ruling near on
Mashpee case
BOSTON — A federal district court
judge is expected to rule sometime next
month on whether Indians in the town of
Mashpee deserve federal recognition.
Indians at Mashpee are claiming some
16,000 acres should be returned to them as
tribal land. If the judge rules in favor of
recognizing the Wampanoag Indians, their
case could be considerably strengthened.
Thomas M. Tureen, lawyer for the
Mashpee Indians, said Mashpee selectmen
recently caused a stalemate in negotiations
for a settlement o f claims by refusing to take
a position on a proposal.
The selectmens’refusal to support or
oppose a Congressional proposal means that
no settlement by Congress will be possible
this year, since Congress will adjourn for a
recess.
A Senate committee recently proposed
that claims to residential and commerical
property in Mashpee be settled by payment
o f $4 million to the Indians, leaving unre
solved the claims to undeveloped land. But
town officials apparently felt this partial
settlement was unsatisfactory.
Tureen, a Calais lawyer associated with
Native American Rights Fund, is currently
working on the Penobscot-Passamaquoddy
tribal land claims case in Maine. Those
tribes recently won federal recognition,
entitling them to federal Indian services and
protection.
�Page 8
Wabanaki Alliance November 1977
A flashback to the past
News briefs
Alliance on TV
ORONO — Wabanaki Alliance was the
subject o f a feature interview on the evening
news recently, on Channel 2 Television,
Bangor, and WCSH TV, Portland,
The interview with Editor Steven Cart
wright was conducted by Channel 2 news
man Donald Carrigan. The footage was
later shown on Maine Public Broadcasting
Network’ television program called Maine
s
Indian Journal, a monthly show anchored by
Kim Mitchell, Penobscot Indian.
Cartwright discussed briefly the paper’
s
goals and standards, and his own experi
ences with the job.
R o d e o slated
ANCESTORS — Widely known Penobscot Indians Clara Neptune, left, and Joe Francis,
are pictured in these old post cards. The photo of Mrs. Neptune is dated 1922; Francis is
dated 1912. Descendants reside on Indian Island and elsewhere.
Petition asks Carter for justice
PORTLAND — A petition has been circulated here asking President Carter to
“
negotiate now in good faith" with Maine
Indians over the Penobscot-Passamaquoddy
tribal land claims.
The petition calls for due process and a
mutually agreeable settlem ent “
which
grants land and cash to the two tribes and
contains provisions protecting the jobs of
workers in industries dependent on the land,
and the homes o f small homeowners."
A check with one o f the listed sponsors of
the petition confirmed he had signed it.
Democratic State Rep. Gerald E. Talbot o f
Portland said he signed the petition “
quite
awhile ago.”Other signers listed as sponsors
included Rep. Lawrence E. Connolly. Jr.,
Portland Democrat.
Called An Appeal for Justice, the petition
says in part:
“
Native American Indian people have
suffered greatly over the past four hundred
years. Whole tribes were murdered. En
slavement was attempted. Lands were
stolen. Treaties were violated. And finally
Native American Indian people were forced
onto reservations by Federal and state goverriments where they were denied basic
human rights.
"Today little has changed. Stripped o f
their aboriginal land in Maine and
elsewhere, separated from urban industrial
centers, and facing various forms of
discrimination, the Native American Indian
people’ fight for dignity and economic
s
security has been difficult. Unemployment
ranges between 60 and 80 percent. Life
expectancy is 44 years, and the suicide rate
is 1 times the national average.
1
"In all this, the tribes continue to main
tain a willingness to negotiate seriously.
They have said publicly that they are willing
to sit down and discuss the original claim;
they have said that the land of small homeowners would not be taken; they have said
that the livelihood o f Maine workers who are
dependent on the woods and wood product
industry would not be endangered; and their
only aim is to secure an independent land
base and cash settlement which would
protect their culture, their future, and con
tribute to the economic well-being o f all
Maine citizens.”
Photo identified
Indian Island
To the editor:
Re the picture, “ Flashback to the
A
Past,” the October issue o f your paper,
in
my sister, Mildred Akins, believes that
the man on the right is Peter Nicola. The
young man in the middle looks very
much like our brother, Francis Nelson —
except that in 1910, he would have been
only two years old. Is it possible that the
picture was taken at a later date?
The man on the left might be Newell
Francis.
What interests me particularly about
the picture is the collar and cuff set that
the man on the left is wearing. The set
belonged to the Penobscot Indian
Nation, and when a new governor was
inaugerated, his predecessor placed this
set on him as part o f the inaugeral cere
monies. 1 remember when my father.
Horace Nelson, was governor, the set was
carefully wrapped and stored in a flat
box. It was a colorful and beautifully
hand-beaded outfit, and had been in the
possession o f the tribe for many, many
years.
I wonder if any o f your readers might
remember who was the last governor to
have this set in his possession? It is a
priceless treasure, of great traditional
value, and should rightfully be kept by
the tribe itself. It was the badge of Pen
obscot leadership, and my understanding
is that the design is characteristically
Penobscot. We should make every effort
to locate the set!
Eunice Baumann
DENVER, Colo. — A North American
Indian rodeo is planned for Nov. 17-20, at
Expo Square fairgrounds at Tulsa, Okla.
The event is sponsored by National
American Indian Cattlemen’ Association.
s
A controversy between that group and a
group called All Indian National Finals
Rodeo Commission over sponsorship o f the
rodeo was not expected to disrupt plans,
according to the cattlemen’association.
s
State rejects M o h e g a n s
HARTFORD, Ct. — A Mohegan Indian
suit to reclaim some 600 acres of land has
been rejected in U.S. District Court here.
A report in the New Haven Courier last
month said the suit is part o f a larger
Mohegan claim seeking to recover 2,550
acres o f former tribal lands, worth an esti
mated $250 million. The suit was filed by
John E. Hamilton o f Waterford, Ct.. who
calls himself grand sachem o f the
Mohegans. His title is reportedly disputed
by other tribal members.
The newspaper account compared the
Mohegans’
claim to current land claims by
the Penobscot and Passamaquoddy tribes in
Maine.
Indian C en ters s e e k
n e w d irector
LOS ANGELES — Indian Centers, Inc.,
is seeking an executive director, preferably
an American Indian, at an annual salary of
$18,000.
The director’ duties will include admin
s
istrative supervision and the position of
spokesman for the Indian Centers board of
directors. Required experience is three to
five years in a field involving administration,
management and social service work.
Deadline for applications is Nov. 30.
Tureen talk set
TROY — Thomas M. Tureen, lawyer for
the Passamaquoddy and Penobscot tribes,
was scheduled to speak Nov. 19 to the sixth
annual meeting o f Sam Ely Community
Services Corp., a non-profit land use and
land trust group. Taureen was slated to
discuss the Maine Indian land claims case at
Troy Grange Hall, accompanied by tribal
representatives.
AIM h olds council
MINNEAPOLIS, Minn. — An interna
tional conference o f the American Indian
Movement (AIM) took place here this
month, on the theme, "A time to come
together to mend the sacred hoop o f life
spiritually, culturally and politically.”
Native peoples from throughout North
and South America were invited to attend
the meeting, which preceded a National
Indian Education Association convention
held at St. Paul.
On the AIM agenda were discussion of
defense o f Indian dissidents and political
prisoners. Indian-controlled education, an
AIM elders council, a report on a native
peoples conference at Geneva, treaty rights,
FBI-CIA conspiracies, colonization, white
colonial backlash and a national Indian
alliance.
Rights g r ou p
d is c u s s e s land conflict
WASHINGTON — The U.S. Civil Rights
Commission heard testimony on land,
fishing rights and government jurisdiction,
in relation to several Indian tribes, at a
recent two-day meeting in Seattle.
The tribes involved in the issues were
Yakima, Colville, Lower Elwah, Makah,
Lummi, Chehalis, Puyallup, Suquamish,
Quinault and Nisqually. Also discussed were
urban Indians in Seattle, Takoma and
Spokane.
Subjects on the agenda included law
enforcement, health care, education and
economic development. The commission has
subpoena power in the state in which it
holds hearings, within a 50-mile radius of
the hearing site. An independent, bipartisan
agency, the commission is concerned with
rights o f women and minorities.
Education group m eets
ST. PAUL, Minn. — A full council meet
ing o f the National Advisory Council on In
dian Education (NACIE) is slated here Nov.
4, 5 and 6.
New faces on council , board
INDIAN ISLAND — The Penobscot
tribal council, and school board, will have
fresh faces as a result o f a recent special
election at the reservation here.
George (Skipper) Mitchell was elected to a
four year term on the council, polling 71
votes. Other candidates were Hope Powell
and George Tomer, each with 30 votes, and
Steven Paul, 15 votes.
Elected to the school committee were
Debra Mitchell, 65 votes, and Deanna LeBretton, 63 votes. Other candidates for two
openings on the board were Kenneth Paul,
54 votes, Jean Chavaree, 42 votes, and writein candidate Patrick Almenas, 32 votes.
Board members serve for three year terms.
Deanna LeBretton casts ballot in special election at Indian Island, in which she was elected
to a term on the school board. Looking on is ballot clerk John Sapiel.
�
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
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<em>Wabanaki Alliance</em> (November 1977)
Creator
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Indian Resource Center
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1977-11
Contributor
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Donald Soctomah
Julia Brush
Language
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English
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Document
Format
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pdf
Identifier
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DV-425
Source
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Passamaquoddy Cultural Museum
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Steve Cartwright. Used with permission.
-
https://www.dawnlandvoices.org/collections/files/original/d4986d66df917be64725f737239f43a3.pdf
80219604c7cd3049833dd2bbb54efd97
PDF Text
Text
Island youth to run in national meet
GRAND ISLAND, N.Y. — A Penobscot youth has qualified to com pete m a national
AAU cross country m eet W abm aki Afimnce learned a tp r e s s time.
weekend
first
over
t0 m ake the jt fo n a ls since the 1960’ when
P
s,
Jimmy Thomas ran tor the Island. A member of Andrew Sockalexis track team, Jamie
0lyh *t esno 01 KapSepoo ad81o pgr
a t e h o f 17 np-e hts n 17n a
61
0
Wabanaki
A llia n ce
Non-profit Organization
U.S. Postage Paid 3.1c
Permit No. 15
Orono, Maine
N ovem ber 1979
Report on claims
due this month
PORTLAND — A joint tribal negotiating
committee has agreed to submit a draft on
resolution o f Maine Indian land claims by
Nov. 30.
The written report will be presented by
Penobscots and Passamaquoddies to U.S.
District Court Judge Edward T. Gignoux,
according to tribal claims lawyer Thomas N.
Tureen.
Tureen said “all parties reported sub
stantial progress,” at a Nov. 1 hearing in
Gignoux’ Portland chambers. A proposed
s
settlement has been estimated at $79 million
in federal money, including funds to
purchase 300,000 acres from major land
holders in Maine. The state has no financial
obligation in the current proposed settle
ment.
The tribes face an April 1 1980 deadline
,
in their 12.5 million acre claim to northern
Maine. That date markes the federal dead
line for filing Indian claims in court,under a
statute o f limitations. Penobscots and
Passamaquoddies argue their aboriginal
lands were taken in violation o f the 1790
Nonintercourse act, which says Congress
must ratify treaties and land transactions.
Tureen told Wabanaki Alliance that if
necessary, Gignoux will meet with the nego
tiators Dec. 7.
In a related development, Gignoux
dismissed petitions for intervenor status
filed by two off-reservation Indians. Seeking
to intervene in the land claims case were
Ralph Thomas o f Augusta, a Penobscot,
and Frederick Meader, a Passamaquoddy.
Cutbacks seen in 1980
funds for l\Aaine tribes
$66,800; Pleasant Point, $109,300; Indian
WASHINGTON — Passamaquoddy and
Island, $134,500.
Penobscot Indians will apparently receive
Combined BIA and IHS funds for Pen
reduced Bureau o f Indian Affairs money for
obscots and Passamaquoddies this year
the coming year, in a rollback to 1978 fund
totaled $3,983,583, according to BIA figures
ing totals.
obtained by this newspaper a year ago.
The tribes will be receiving their third
annual BIA support payments, which began
MOOSEHTOE is stretched on traditional frame for scraping and drying. Using bone
in 1978 in connection with the recent federal
recognition status o f Penobscots and Passa
scrapers are Stanley Neptune, left, and Watie Akins. They worked as a team in the arduous
process of in n in g moosehide. First they studied traditional methods. See m ore photos
maquoddies.
Although final 1980 appropriations won’
t
on page 4.
be known until late November or December,
one BIA official said the expected $1.1
million for the two tribes could be described
ORONO — Wabanaki Alliance re
as a "drastic” reduction from previous allo
ceived four honorable mentions in a
cations. He said 1980 figures are “not so
recent Better Newspaper Contest o f the
much cutting as failing to grant increases.”
Maine Press Association.
BIA funds are pegged at $508,800 for
Special recognition was accorded Bill
Indian Island; $423,300 for Pleasant Point;
O’
Neal, associate editor, for “Under the
influence,” a two-part series on Indian
diction. The state is attempting to appeal and $260,100 for Indian Township reserva
INDIAN TOWNSHIP — Two Passama
tion. The BIA official said these figures
alcoholism. Also cited were stories on
that ruling to the U.S. supreme court.
quoddy tribal members were arrested in
t
The Longest Walk, and “ Indians behind
Arrested by tribal police following an could change by January, but “we weren’
separate incidents recently, and have been
encouraged very much” by the federal
bars,” a story about state prison inmates.
incident Oct. 27, at Indian Township reser
turned over to FBI agents, to await trial in
Wabanaki Alliance received honorable
vation, was Steven Sabbatus, 21, who Office o f Management and Budget.
U.S. District Court, Bangor.
Also slated for the Penobscots and Passa
mention for general excellence, best
allegedly struck another tribal member,
The federal involvement comes in the
maquoddies in 1980 is an estimated $1.5
feature story (to O ’
Neal and Steve Cart
Gordon Newell, in the face. Authorities said
wake o f last summer’ Maine supreme court
s
wright, editor), and best feature series.
Newell suffered cuts and may lose sight in millioon from Indian Health Service, a
ruling that reservations are “ Indian
federal agency formerly connected with
Contest judges commented that Wab
(Continued on page 4)
country,” and not subject to state jurisBIA. Howard Roach, and IHS official, said
anaki Alliance is “ Clearly a 'special
he was unable to provide detailed infor
interest’ paper, but one which serves a
mation.
need and does it well. Impressive
BIA funds fall into three categories o f aid.
coverage o f ‘
The Longest Walk to D.C.
According to BIA program planning spec
in the summer o f 1978, and two excellent
ialist Bob Cooley, the categories are Indian
investigative reports oh alcoholism and
services, development and natural resources
Maine Indians in prison.”
management.
About O ’
Neal’ report on alcoholism,
s
Cooley said services — which include law
judges wrote: “The reader is jolted by the
enforcement, housing and self-determina
problem o f alcoholism among Indians.
tion — are budgeted for 1980 at $110,000
The reader also gains a deep, spiritual
such episode began in 1910, and died out
By Phil Guimond
for Indian Township; $79,200 for Pleasant
understanding of why the problem exists.
eight years later, before modem pesticides
Spraying the forests with toxic chemicals
Point; and $155,400 for Indian Island.
An emotional experience.”
or the means to apply them were available.
to combat the spruce budworm has become
In the business and human development
In a related matter, Maine Press
The current outbreak has endured 24 years
quite controversial this year in Maine, on a
category, $62,900 is set for Indian Town
Association directors have elected Wab
despite all efforts to suppress it by chemical
number of grounds.
ship; $103,000 for Pleasant Point; and
anaki Alliance to associate membership
means. George Sawyer, an agent for Dunn
Some observers have questioned whether
in the organization.
Timberlands, states that he cannot see that $126,700 for Indian Island. Under natural
spraying actually reduces the duration and
resources, Indian Township is slated to get
(Continued on page 4)
severity of a spruce budworm outbreak. One
Wabanaki Alliance
cited in contest
Passamaquoddy
in federal custody
FBI places
m en
Value of budworm
spraying debatable
�Page 2
Wabanaki Alliance November 1979
editorials
Bad sm ok e signals
The visitor to our office puffed on her cigarette defiantly, ignoring
three signs asking people please not to smoke here. Well, we might
say, it's her funeral.
But it isn’ just a personal choice. Medical reports state
t
conclusively that other people’ smoking injures our own health. We
s
must realize as individuals that we are not alone, and our actions,
such as smoking a cancer-causing substance, affect our neighbors.
A recent Washington Post story states: “Tests are pointing up the
damage done to the lungs o f infants and children in homes where
there are smokers." A doctor estimates that the effect o f parental
smoking on children is equivalent to the child smoking three to five
cigarettes per day.
Smoking is the most comm on form o f indoor air pollution. Smoke
from cigarettes is loaded with carbon monoxide, a deadly gas.
Carbon monoxide displaces oxygen in the bloodstream, and this is
especially life-threatening to a person with heart disease — where the
heart is struggling to get enough oxygen.
Emphysema and asthma are conditions easily irritated by
smoking. Also frequent are eye problems for contact lens wearers,
aggravated hay fever and assorted allergic symptoms.
In view o f all this, it seems particularly reprehensible that many
employees o f the Penobscot Indian Health Center are heavy smokers.
Oftenone must walk through a haze o f cigarette smoke to enter the
clinic. The young children, the elderly, the sick — these people
deserve better than to be subjected to contaminated air.
WARRIORS - Proud of their Penobscot heritage are these Indian Island youngsters,
Keane Francis, left, and Jason Pardilla. They were dressed for ceremonial dancing at last
summer’ pageant, held annually at the reservation.
s
Nutrition Notes
— Provide eating untensils and dishes
that are easy for the child to hold and use.
(A young child is in the process of
Habits learned in the first few years o f life developing fine motor control) Serving
remain for the rest o f one’ life, and parents
s
“finger foods” will also help motor develop
must take the responsibility o f assisting in ment.
the development o f the child’ eating habits.
s
— Having the child come to the table
The developmental process o f the be- rested.
haviorial attitudes towards the formation of
— Serve foods in variety o f textures,
positive eating habits must be undertaken colors and flavors. Pre-schoolers and tod
with careful consideration. Children learn dlers prefer plain blandly flavored foods
from their environment. Every effort should that are lightly seasoned.
be made to influence the child to adopt a
— Serve snacks early enough, so they
healthy eating style, and to facilitate the won’ spoil the child’ appetite before the
t
s
nutritional needs during the critical periods meal; (two hours before).
o f physical growth and development.
— Remember, appetite decreases as rate
As a way o f providing the needed o f growth decreases. Foods may be refused.
nutrients for proper growth and the Don’ force the child to eat, keeping in mind
t
formation o f positive eating behavior, the his essential nutrients for the day.
planning o f nutritious meals and snacks in
— Serve meals in small amounts. The
the home is essential to accomplish these child may ask for seconds.
goals. The daily meals and snacks should be
— Encouraging the child to assist in the
served on a regular schedule. They should preparation for the meal (setting the table,
be appetizing, colorful, attractive, easy to pouring own drink, feeding himself, etc.)
manipulate, palatable, offered in varieties, serves as a positive reinforcement and an
and should come from each o f the four basic enjoyable time for the child.
food groups (Snacks should include two or
Remember the child is learning to
three of the four food groups). The following associate with his environment at this time.
suggestions will facilitate the formation of The child will mimic his peers. Association
healthy eating habits:
with a good healthy environment is a
— Serve meals in a pleasant place and a positive step to the formation o f good eating
calm atmosphere.
habits.
By Natalie S. Mitchell, LPN
Health Reporter
Associate Member —
Wabanaki Alliance
Maine Press Association
Vol. 3, No. 1
1
November1979
Published monthly by the Division of Indian Services [DIS] at the Indian Resource Center,
95 Main St., Orono, Me. 04473.
Steven Cartwright, Editor
William O ’
Neal, Ass’L Editor
V'KNOUJ I'M & E T T IN &
1 F I& P
ALL T H E S E
W
U//7H
EROM EUROPE.
Quotable
Get a few laughs, do the best you can, take nothing serious, for
nothing is certainly depending on this generation. Each one lives in
spite o f the previous one and not because o f it.
Will Rogers, humorist-philosopher
Cherokee Indian
DIS Board of Directors
Jean Chavaree [chairman]
John Bailey, Public Safety Coordinator
Albert Dana, Tribal Councilor
Timothy Love, Representative to State Legislature
Jeannette Neptune, Community Development Director
Jeannette LaPlante,Central Maine Indian Assoc.
Susan Desiderio, Assn, of Aroostook Indians
Maynard Polchies, President, Aroostook Indians
Melvin L. Vicaire, Central Maine Indian Assn.
David A. Francis
Indian Island
Pleasant Point
Indian Township
Indian Island
Indian Township
Orono
Houlton
Houlton
Mattawamkeag
Pleasant Point
DIS is an agency of Diocesan Human Relations Services, Inc. of Maine. Subscriptions to
this newspaper are available by writing to Wabanaki Alliance, 95 Main SL, Orono, Me.
r v ______ ti_______________ Carribu aniJ fllS a rp a nnn-nrflfit r n moration. Contn butions are deductible for income tax purposes.
�Wabanaki Alliance November 1979
Page 3
letters
Wouldn't be without it
Most generous people
Hinckley
To the editor:
This is just a short letter to thank you for
continuing to send the Wabanaki Alliance
to me here at the Hinckley Home-SchoolFarm. It keeps me in touch with the
Penobscot community where I had the good
fortune to be at St. Ann’ Church for the
s
past year and a half before coming to
Hinckley.
I miss the Island and its people im
mensely. They are the kindest, friendliest,
and most generous people I have ever
known, and I treasure the privilege that was
mine in being able to live on the Island and
share in their community.
Keep up the good work!
Rev. David P. Cote, CSW
Program Director
Hinckley Home-School-Farm
Indians in history
Gardiner
To the editor:
Please send me any information you have.
I teach Maine history in Gardiner and we
need information on Maine’s natives. I am
interested in newspapers or any other
material.
Steve Swindells
Bass Harbor
To the editor:
Please renew my subscription to Wab
anaki Alliance. I would not want to be
without it.
Hollis Piatt
Personal interest
Poughkeepsie, N.Y.
To the editor:
I am in the process o f collecting as much
material available concerning the Indian
issues in Maine. I am attempting to write a
research paper on the Indian land claim
controversy, and I would like to investigate
many aspects related to the land case such
as: the Indian’ suit, and its merit; specific
s
Indian human affairs; the property rights o f
small landowners, and how they feel they are
being threatened; and the White House
negotiations for a compromise settlement. I
have a personal interest in the case, also, as I
am a resident of Kittery, Maine when not at
school. I have already received one issue of
the Wabanaki Alliance (April 1978), and I
have found it very helpful. I would
appreciate it if you would send me any
recent periodicals which are specifically
relevant to my topic. Please inform me o f the
cost.
Thank you so much for your time.
Catherine L. Robbins
Prejudice
Atlantic, N.C.
To the editor:
I received the last issue of your fine paper
today, and I was really enjoying reading it
until I came to the part about the racial
dispute at school.
I have two children in a all white school
here at Atlantic, N.C.^where we live. There
are no Indian schools around this area. We
are seeking Federal recognition from the
government, and the locals are envious and
hate the ground we walk on. They are under
the impression that we intend to take the
land from them. “It is a thought, after the
way we have been treated.” My two sons,
Jerry, Jr. and Jodie, are in grade school.
Every day each comes home with a black eye
or something. The children call them pigs,
chiefy, dogs, and many other names. The
boys fight back. I admire the spirit in them
that they have, true American Indian. Their
motto is, "The bigger they are, the harder
they fall,” which is really true.
We have been in this neck o f the woods
for some 34 years and still can’ get along
t
with the residents of this area. Every time I
pass someone, I get a war whoop, a how, or
some smart remark, my wife gets the same.
We cannot get credit anywhere; I cannot
get a job anywhere in this country. I have a
heart condition and a ruptured disc. The
Dr. told me that he knew I could not work,
but he wasn’ going to say so. All the Dr’
t
s,
here stick together. I have no income except
for a few dollars I make through my small
mail order business, TCS Enterprise, which
is not much. I cannot get welfare or SSI
simply because of the unfair treatment by
Dr’
s., hospitals, and the public affairs
workers here.
You think Indians have it tough; they
should live here where we do, then they
would realize how tough it is.
y V
I would like for you to publish this letter
so every true born American Indian that
reads this paper can see what we face every
day o f our lives.
May I add, every time I go to get food
from the store I am treated as if I am an
animal and get waited on last. I have had a
few run-ins with a few o f the locals here
because o f the smart remarks. One long
haired hippy got to me so bad one night at
the store, asking me nothing but how, I
pulled my knife, and grabbed him by the
hair, and pretended to cut it off. He soon
began to see the light. When he found that I
could show him how, he cooled off. I do not
like to fight, I’ a Christian and a minister,
m
but I believe I have to stand for the things I
believe in, am I not correct? Jesus Christ,
the Lord o f Lords, King of Kings had a
disciple Peter, his rock, the Comer Stone for
his church. Peter lost his temper; he cut off
the ear of the guard, remember the story in
the Bible? Well we have the right to stand
for what is right as well, I am sure.
I would really like for you to let the
Indians that read your paper know how it is
here in the eastern part of N.C.
Let me hear from you when you will. Here
is $2.00, all I have to help pay for some of
your mailing of your papers.
I would send more but I just don’ have
t
any more. We have plenty o f food, we burn
wood to keep warm, so you take this money
and pay postage for some papers, we don’
t
really need it. I’ll get some more soon. The
Lord God looks out for us very well. We are
in no need at the present time, and I’m sure
it will continue to be with His help.
Like 1 said, let me hear from you when
you will. Keep up the good reporting that
you are doing.
Jerry Lee Faircloth, Sr.
MOVIE STAR? — Someday, maybe. Peter Dana Point’ Joyce Tomah, pictured here, said
s
she would like to become a model. She’ off to a good start.
s
Remembrance
Impressed
Lansing, Mich.
To the editor:
Michigan Indian Manpower Consortium
has read your recent newsletter and are
impressed. We would like to be put on your
mailing list. Please bill us.
Florence Babcock
Compiling history
Thorndike
T o the editor:
I would like very much to subscribe to the
Wabanaki Alliance as soon as possible.
As I am in the process o f compiling a
history of Penobscot Indian Art styles, it will
be most helpful in my work. Also, if there
is any chance that I could obtain any back
issues of the paper it would be greatly
appreciated.
Pamela Lindsay
Building cabin
Portersville, Pa.
Dear Sir:
I’ writing to thank..you for sending my
m
sister her newsletter, she hasn’ mentioned it
t
to me, but I know you people are great, and
I know you won’ forget my sister. Also I
t
want to mention that my husband and I are
planning to build a log cabin home. If you
know of someone that knows how to build a
log cabin home, we would like to know as
soon as possible, we would give them a job
and try to find a place for them to live, we
own our own business. I’ give you one of
ll
our cards, also I raise and sell cairn terriers.
I’ also send my card up. If you can put it in
ll
the paper I’ sure would appreciate it.
d
I’ enclosing a check, hope you keep up
m
the good work, which I know you will.
Louise E. Kraly
Morning Star
Bangor
To the editor:
I would like to express my appreciation to
the Wabanaki Alliance for the September
issue o f the "Houlton Indians Remember
ed.” Most o f those people pictured are my
ancestors.
I would also like to thank Mr. James
Wherry for the ancestry chart he recently
had done for our family.
Waneta Deveau
New subscriber
Kennebunkport
To the editor:
I would like to subscribe to the Wabanaki
Alliance. I have heard good things about
your paper and have enjoyed the issues
which I have seen in my library. If there is a
subscription rate, please let me know.
Thank you.
Katherine Kubiak
Informative
Shaftsbury, Vt.
To the editor:
I am doing a unit on Native Americans
from the New England and eastern U.S.
I am looking for information to help show
third graders about Native Americans
today. Their view of Native Americans is
very limited.
I would appreicate it if you could send me
some copies o f your newspaper. I think
seeing the paper and reading some o f the
articles will give the kids a better idea about
Native Americans. If you have any other
information I would greatly appreciate it.
We are specifically studying the Abanaki of
Vermont from this area. Thank you.
Joanne Lukasiewicz
�Page 4
Wabanaki Alliance November 1979
Budworm control: To spray or not to spray
(Continued from page 1
)
spraying has done anything to discourage
the budworm. On the other hand, he does
notice a marked reduction of small bird life,
and such birds are one o f the major natural
control agents. Is it possible that spraying
may actually prolong an outbreak by dis
rupting natural controls and cycles?
All parties agree that the pesticides being
used in the spray program are harmful to a
great many organisms besides the spruce
budworm. The law requires that they be
applied in strict conformity to label direc
tions approved by the Environmental Pro
tection Agency. All the pesticides being used
in Maine this year carry warnings against
contamination of streams and ponds, but
there are slight differences in label wording.
Dr. Harold E. Kazmaier, of the Regional
Pesticides Office, o f EPA, in Boston, met
with several staff members o f the Health
and Social Services Department, on June 18.
The question of which waters should be
protected by buffer zones, and how wide
such zones should be was confused by these
label differences, according to Dr. Kaz
maier. In written comment on the 1979
Enviro: mental Impact Statement, Dr. Kaz
maier criticized the adequacy o f the
provision for buffer zones. He also objected
to plans to continue spraying until wind
speeds reached 12 miles per hour, whereas
the 1978 limit was 6 M.P.H. During our
discussion, he also pointed out that due to
heavy rain before and during the spray
period, there was a great deal more water on
the ground than is usual at this time o f year.
Dr. Kazmaier was very open about sharing
documented information with us. As the
representative o f a regulatory agency, he
could not draw conclusions, but he left us in
no doubt that pesticides are, in fact, getting
in the water, in apparent violation o f the
law.
The most effective opposition to this
year’ spraying program has come from
s
residents of eastern Washington County.
This group, in addition to raising the issues
already mentioned, has charged that there
have been both accidentia! and deliberate
instances in which “no spray” areas received
substantial doses of insecticides; and that
these have included people, farm animals
and orgafric farms and gardens. Commer
cial organic farmers, who must guarantee
that the produce they sell is chemical-free,
stressed the dollar losses already experi
enced or threatened. One area with a sub
stantial number of organic farms was sub
sequently removed from the spray program.
The Washington County group and
others organized a protest rally in Augusta
on May 31. The main focus o f this protest
was the possible health effects of exposure to
pesticide sprays. Governor Brennan ex
pressed the opinion that the health risk was
not a major one compared to the need for
wood fiber. When asked how he would feel if
his own family lived in or near the spray
zones, the Governor became visibly angry,
and said, "D on’ get personal!” The direct
t
evidence that these insecticides cause cancer
is not conclusive, but Bo Yerxa, o f South
Princeton, writing in the Bangor Daily
News, on June 14, cites troubling evidence.
The most heavily sprayed counties in Maine,
he indicates, have a rate o f birth defects two
to four times that o f the southern part o f the
state.
Arguments against the spraying program
based on economic, environmental and
health considerations are strongly docu
mented in The Case Against Aerial Insecti
cide Forest Spraying, a position paper
developed by a consortium o f Canadian
environmental organizations. This study
demonstrates that the economic argument
for spraying is based on false premises. The
true cost of one proposed program in Cape
Breton, in 1977, is calculated as being 3.6
million dollars to protect an asset of
$500,000. Nova Scotia considered a spray
program for 1978, but decided against, with
the following statement by the Minister of
Lands and Forests: “We feel it is far better
from the forestry point o f view to suffer our
losses now rather than spray and prolong
the inevitable. . . . The forests o f New
Brunswick after twenty-five years o f spray
ing are not the envy o f anyone involved in
BONE scrapers made from the shank of a cow moose are displayed by Watie Akins, who
said he shot his moose at Debsconeag. The moose will provide dried and frozen meat for the
winter, as well as a handsome drumskin.
proper forest management.” The study goes
on to document the failure of spraying to
reduce budworm populations over a period
of years, the inaccuracy o f the spraying tech
niques available, and the very serious health
hazards represented by the chemicals
involved.
The evidence against the effectiveness of
spraying, and the environmental hazards,
are such that the U.S. Forest Service has
announced it will not support a spraying
program next year. The Maine Department
o f Conservation has opposed spraying after
1981. This would seem to amount to two
strikes against the program; and the serious
questions’ about health effects should,
despite Governor Brennan’ opinion, be
s
sufficient to rule pesticide spraying out
immediately. Whatever the reasons of the
Governor, the paper companies and the
pesticide industry may be for supporting the
present methods, there are other effective
means to reduce the harm done by the
spruce budworm.
The continuation o f spraying should be of
special concern to all the people o f the
Penobscot Nation for two reasons. First, the
rivers and lands o f the Penobscot watershed
have always been the base o f our food supply
and our economy. Many o f our people must
still turn to the forests, the rivers and the
islands to feed their families. Here also
many of our people return for spiritual ful
fillment and for recreation. Secondly, the
lands that are being sprayed are the very
lands over which we claim ownership. The
immediate and long-term damage being
done to this land and its resources is damage
directly to us!
Governor Pehrson has officially written to
the U.S. Bureau o f Indian Affairs, asking
assistance in measuring damages due to
spruce budworm spraying, and o f a spill of
TRIS (the fire-retardant for children’
s
clothing which was banned as a cancercausing agent) into the Piscataquis River. If
cause for action is found, the letter states,
“we expect litigation to be pursued for
damages to Penobscot property.”
Citizen activism this year has raised the
economic and political cost of the spray
program almost to the breaking point. The
danger is that with the end of spraying, on
June 20, citizen pressure will fall off, and the
decision whether to spray next year will be
left once again to people with a vested
interest in its continuation. If, on the other
hand, citizen groups stay involved and
prepare thoroughly for the hearing and
legislative process which will being in the
early fall, there need not be another year of
spraying in Maine.
EDITOR’ NOTE: Phil Guimond is
S
assistant health planner with the Penobscot
Indian Health and Social Services Depart
ment.
Two Passamaquoddies
arrested
(Continued from page 1
)
his right eye. As Wabanaki Alliance went to
press, the Sabbatus case was scheduled for a
probable cause hearing in federal district
court. He earlier had entered no plea, in
appearing before U.S. Magistrate Edward
H. Keith.
Federal Judge George Mitchell, newly
appointed to serve Maine’ northern region,
s
declined comment on the case. Also refusing
to comment was Lt. Norman Nicholson of
Indian Township police department. Sab
batus was reportedly remanded to federal
jail in lieu o f $5,000 bail.
In another jurisdiction-related case, Wil
liam Sockabasin o f Indian Township was
reported arrested recently for allegedly
attempting to bum a trailer owned by
Estelle Neptune o f the Township. Socka
basin was charged with malicious mischief,
according to Lee Lowery, FBI agent
stationed in Bangor. Sockabasin has been
released on personal recognizance.
Lowery said the FBI has jurisdiction over
14 major crimes. He said in reference to the
Sockabasin and Sabbatus cases, “The main
thing is to get them (tribes) authority to
handle this kind of thing.”
HOLLOW LOGS await moosehide drumskin. Stanley Neptune said the huge old tree was
already partly hollow, and enlarging the hole was not particularly difficult. When
completed, the big ceremonial drums may be used for powwows and other occasions.
�Wabanaki Alliance November 1979
Page 5
Wabanaki Corp. m oves
toward local control
ORONO — Wabanaki Corporation, an
agency working to end alcoholism and drug
abuse among Maine Indians, appears to be
shifting control toward its reservation and
off-reservation constituents.
Following a series o f staff upheavals
earlier this year, National Institute of Alco
hol and Alcohol Abuse (NIAAA) suspended
funding of the agency, until such time as
paperwork, neglected during the agency’
s
troubles, was brought up to date.
Although program funds have been rein
stated, no money for indirect costs has been
allocated by NIAAA. Indirect costs consist
primarily of administrative expenses, in
cluding salaries of the executive director and
secretaries, and despite requests by NIAAA,
had never been determined.
An audit, begun in July, is still underway.
According to one source, it took' three
months “just to reconstruct the books. It
was much worse than anyone suspected.”
Upon completion of the audit, an indirect
cost figure will be reached and allocated to
the program by NIAAA.
Until that time office employees and
expenses are reportedly being payed from
the direct program costs, which one official
estimated could only last six more months at
the present rate of spending.
Sources within the agency predict that
when full funding is again achieved, the
reservation and off-reservation entities rep
resented will exercise more control over the
programs. Some of the tribal entities have
requested that alcoholism counselors work
ing for the agency, report regularly to the
various health and social services depart
ments on the reservations or at the
off-reservation offices. In the past coun
selors have worked at large within the
Indian communities, responsible only to the
central office in Orono.
Vice chairman o f Wabanaki Corporation
board Allen J. Sockabasin, who declined
comment on the agency’ future until after
s
the audit’ completion, confirmed that
s
currenty board members “don’ know where
t
we are financially.”
Wilderness Pursuits, a Wabanaki Corpor
ation confidence-building program for
youth, will reportedly be resurrected, but in
a very different form again reflecting a more
local approach. Instead o f organizing
camping trips from the central office, local
youth counselors will be hired to run more
general youth alcoholism programs, work
ing in cooperation with the respective tribal
recreation departments.
St. Regis Mohawk health director Richard Jock meets his Penobscot counterpart. Dr.
Eunice Baumann-Nelson, director of Indian Island clinic.
Mohawks visit Indian Island
to view health center
INDIAN ISLAND — St. Regis Mohawk
Richard Jock, a Mohawk who is health
tribal officials traveled to the Penobscot director for the St. Regis tribe, said he
Nation at Indian Island last month, amid wanted to “get an idea what the problems
joking about historical enmity between the are” in constructing and operating a health
center through IHS. He said he admired the
tribes. This time they came in peace.
s
Chief Leonard Garrow of the Mohawk’ Penobscot’ model clinic. For years, the
s
Mohawks have had a state-run health
Hogansburg, N.Y., reservation, told Penob
scot officials he was impressed with the center, but are now seeking federal support.
Indian Island clinic, administered through
Jock said 1981 is target date for com
federal Indian Health Service (IHS) by Dr. pletion o f a new health center, to serve an
Eunice Baumann-Nelson, a Penobscot.
estimated 3,400 o f the tribe’ 6,000 mem
s
Formal greetings were exchanged be bers. The Mohawk reservation straddles the
tween Penobscot tribal Gov. Wilfred Pehr- U.S.-Canadian border, with separate tribal
son, and Garrow. “We hope that you can governments. Jock holds a master’ degree
s
come up and visit,” Garrow said during a in English from St. Lawrence College, and is
banquet supervised by chef. Happy Hamil a graduate o f State University o f New York
at Plattsburg.
ton.
Philip Guimond, left, and Bruce Spang, health center staff.
Health center hires
educator, trainee
INDIAN ISLAND — Penobscot health
education and planning got a boost
recently with the hiring o f two staff
members for the tribal Department of
Health and Social Services.
hired as health educator was Bruce
Spang, 34, a veteran of three years with
the Counseling Center in Bangor, and
one year as a therapist in a Massa
chusetts methadone clinic. Spang hopes
to conduct educational workshops, form
self-help groups, and organize training
programs. He is currently trying to en
courage Indian parents to bring their
children to the center for immunization
against measles, mumps and other
diseases.
Spang, a native o f Chicago, graduated
from DePauw University with a degree in
history and philosophy. He received
master’ degrees in art and divinity from
s
Vanderbilt Divinity School, and a
master’ degree in counseling from Uni
s
versity of Maine at Orono. While
attending divinity school. Spang founded
a folk arts school in eastern Tennessee.
He is married and lives in Hampden.
Hired by the center as deputy health
planner and trainee was Philip Gui
mond, 33, a member of the Penobscot
tribe. He has studied environmental
sciences at Tunxis Community College in
Connecticut, where he lived for a number
o f years. Guimond wants to study the
“impact of the total environment” on
tribal health. He is interested in tradi
tional medicine, and a holistic approach
to health care.
Guimond hopes to start a program to
monitor Penobscot River water quality;
he said he was extremely concerned fol
lowing a spill o f the chemical TRIS, from
a Guilford mill into the Piscataquis
River. Guimond is also studying the
hazards o f nuclear power and radiation;
and the risks involved in spraying to
control spruce budworms.
Bailey on Wabanaki board
PLEASANT POINT — John L. Bailey,
public safety coordinator for the Passamaquoddy tribe here, has been appointed to
the Wabanaki Corporation board o f direc
tors.
Appointed by tribal Gov. Robert Newell,
Bailey will represent Pleasant Point on
the board of the alcoholism and drug
abuse prevention agency, based in Orono.
Bailey is a longtime member of the
Division of Indian Services board of
directors, which supervises publication of
Wabanaki Alliance.
Indian Island fire chief, Fred Becker, goes over operation of the Island’s new fire truck
for volunteers Philip Guimond [left] and Robert [Red] Bartlett.
Island gets fire truck
INDIAN ISLAND — With the acquisi
tion this month o f a Pierce Minipump by
.Indian Island, all three Maine reservations
are equipped with at least one fire truck.
Indian Island Fire Chief Fred Becker said
the new fire engine has a 400 gallon per
minute pumping capacity and can carry 250
gallons for backup. Becker, who also serves
on the Old Town Fire Dept., said the new
truck should be able to handle any
structural fire on the reservation. He added
that because it has four-wheel drive, it is
also ideally suited to fight grass fires where
access to a conventional fire truck would be
limited.
The Island fire crew is currently 10 people
strong, although few o f them have any
firefighting experience. Douglas Francis is
Asst. Chief, and Philip Guimond is Lieu
tenant, Becker said the firefighters would
receive training from a state instructor.
They also have the use o f the Old Town
training equipment, he said. He predicted.
the Island crew would be ready in two or
three months.
The Island fire team will respond to fires
off the Island, if requested, Becker said.
�Page 6
Wabanaki Alliance November 1979
Uranium mining wreaks
destruction on Navajos
crops have died; the sheep that used to graze cried. Whenever we prayed, I would pray to lution on April 9, 1978, which said, in part:
by Loretta Schwartz
Fear of disease
CROWN POINT, N.M. — Huge red on the crops have died; many o f the horses myself silently in Navaho and promise
“As citizens o f the Navaho Nation we
s
rocks still rise out o f nowhere like giant have died; and the area’ water supply may myself that no one would ever take the place
be lost.
of my own mother and father. I decided that have become increasingly alarmed at pres
twisted sculptures. In some places you can
For the most part Crown Point is a when I became educated I would go home ent and planned uranium mining activity in
still find small everygreen pinon and juniper
community like Red Rock. Few o f the and help my people.”
our community and are most fearful o f its
trees growing near sand-colored mesas.
Native Americans read or write or speak
But once there were wild flowers bloom
After attending grammar school and high effect on our health, welfare, property, and
English. Few have ever left home. In many
ing in profusion and deer and rabbits
school and Brigham Young University, Elsie culture as well as the well-being o f future
darting between cactus plants. That was ways Crown Point is as vulnerable to abuse did return home to Dalton Pass (near Crown generations. We hereby state that we are
from the uranium corporations as was Red
before the uranium mining and the tailing
Point). When she got there the uranium totally and unalterably opposed to all
Rock. But one thing that is different is a 27piles, before the Navaho miners began to die
uranium exploration within our boundaries
year-old Navaho woman named Elsie miners had also arrived. They had already
from a strange, invincible small-cell car
made more than 3,000 drilling holes on the for the following reasons:
Peshlakai.
cinoma known for 50 years to be caused by
“The air we breathe will be poisoned by
reservation where her family lived, and a
When Elsie was seven. Mormon mission
chronic radiation exposure.
mine was planned 800 feet from their home. radioactive elements released into the
The full effect o f early mining in Red aries began to arrive at the reservation.
atmosphere during the course o f mining
People told Elsie that they had heard
“They told me about a grammar school 1
Rock, New Mexico, probably won’ be
t
activity.
rumors about a place called Red Rock
known for another decade, but according to could go to in Utah and they said I would
“ Present environmental standards are in
have ‘
parents’ there,” Elsie explained. where the drillers had come and gone and
Dr. Gerald Bunker, one of many physicians
adequate to prevent introduction o f these
studying the situation, the increase in the
cancer-causing agents into the air, and we
risk o f lung cancer among Navaho uranium
fear the disease which will result to ourselves
miner:, is at least 85 fold. This conclusion is
and our livestock ...
based on a study o f more than 700 Indian
“ Massive use o f groundwater during the
uranium miners.
course o f uranium mining will pollute our
Coughing attacks
present water supply and eventually cause it
One o f these miners, Clark Dick, worked
to become exhausted.
in the uranium mines for nearly 20 years.
“The pollution o f the air and water com
Shortly before he died of lung cancer at age
bined with the degradation o f our land by
40, he went to an English-speaking lawyer
the mining activity will destroy livestock
and prepared a typed statement that he
raising and result in great unemployment.
hoped would help his wife get compensation
“Already sacred and historical sites pre
after his death. It said in part:
“ About five years ago, I began to cough
cious to our culture have been willfully and
quite a bit. The coughing attacks usually
wantonly destroyed by those engaged in this
came while I was at work in the mine . . . I
uranium exploration and development. We
thought I was just getting a little dust or dirt
fear further and greater destruction o f such
in my throat and it was nothing to be
sites.
concerned about. Over a period o f time the
“ Now, therefore, be it resolved that the
coughing became gradually worse and ... it
Dalton Pass Chapter demands all uraniumgot to the point so that I felt my head
mining activity within our boundaries be
hurting and would have blurred vision . . .
halted immediately and premanently.
Then I noticed that I began to spit up blood
"Be it further resolved that we intend to
when I had these coughing attacks. I was
wage a determined struggle to halt all uran
having more attacks, and they were getting
ium-mining activity within the Dalton Pass
more severe . . . I also started feeling weak
Chapter.”
and was unable to do my work in the mines.
To held them in their battle the chapter
I quit my job . . . I told one foreman that I
retained Joseph Gmuca, a lawyer employed
was not going to be able to work any more,
by a low-income, legal service group called
but he didn’ say a lot about it ... I guess he
t
DNA, acronym for Dinebeiina Nahiilna Be
interpreted this as my resignation.”
Agaditahe, Navaho words that stand for
After his death in 1973, Clark Dick’
s
“economic revitalization o f the people.”
widow Fannie, like all the other Red Rock
On December 22, 1978, a suit was filed in
widows with husbands who had worked in
the U.S. District Court against the De
the mines, sought compensation. To date,
partment o f Energy, the Department o f the
25 deaths have been reported. Yet despite
Interior, the Department o f Agriculture, the
the fact that the occupational connection
Environmental Protection Agency, the
was.clear and a number o f politicians had
Tennessee Valley Authority, and the Nu
expressed interest in helping, only the late
Senator Joseph Montoya (D.-N. Mex.) and
clear Regulatory Commission.
Senator Pete Domenici (R.-N. Mex.) actual
The suit requires the defandants to
ly tried to push bills through Congress. The
“comply with the National Environmental
bills,- which were turned down, sought to
Policy Act by preparing national, regional,
provide money for victims and their sur
and site-specific environmental impact
vivors,. reduce delays in litigation, and
statements,” and it seeks to prevent all
provide funds for research into the cause of
involved government agencies and private
“white-lung” disease. Former Secretary of
corporations from taking further actions
the Interior Stewart Udall recently called
until they have complied. The suit would
the deaths a tragedy and is presently looking
also "require defendants to rescind and
into the situation.
reconsider” land leasing and other actions
The Red Rock mines, closed in 1968, were
already begun without compliance with
“When I was in third grade I filled out an where everyone who worked in the mines
most recently run by Kerr-McGee (the Okla
NEPA.
homa-based oil, gas, and uranium giant). application and signed my parents name. had died or was dying. Elsie, who had
studied chemistry and biology, read every
At the time this article went to press,
Kerr-McGee is the same company that But when the bus came, my own parents
Federal District Court Judge Harold Greene
t
recently lost a $10.5 million lawsuit that wouldn’ let me go. The next year I got thing she could find, talked to experts, and
centered around the case o f Karen Silk- smarter, I filled out the application, but I began to go from home to home, talking to had turned down a motion to dismiss the
t
case and a subsequent motion to change the
wood. a lab technician in a plant producing didn’ tell anyone. On the day the bus came, the Navahos about radiation.
As Elsie Peshlakai traveled and explained
site o f the suit from Washington, D.C., to
fuel rods for nuclear reactors. Silkwood my mother was away washing clothes. I told
mysteriously died while driving to meet a my sister-in-law that I was going away to what was happening, she also learned that New Mexico.
school. She supported me, saying. ‘
Yes. I many had never given permission for the
Water contaminated
New York Times reporter in an effort to
s
document her charges that officials at the think you should because that’ the only way drilling rigs and the miners.
Meanwhile. Crown Point is in danger of
ll
installation had knowingly exposed their you’ ever learn.’
"W e were told that Steven Morgan, the losing its only water supply. In a working
"W e packed a few clothes and I went out -medicine man. the oldest man in the com
employees to lethal doses o f cancer-causing
paper entitled “ Impacts o f the Uranium
on the dirt road and waited until the elders munity. gave his permission; but when we
plutonium.
Industry on Water Quality,” J. L. Kunkler
Kerr-McGee, along with some 15 other came. They put me on a chartered Grey
asked him he said he never had and never o f the United States Geological Survey put it
energy companies seeking uranium, have hound bus to Provo. We rode all night. The would,” Elsie said. “We began to hold this way: “Groundwater resources are being
now converged on Crown Point, a tiny next day I met my foster mother. I meetings. We would stay up nights and ask depleted by underground mining and, as a
community that is part of the Bureau of remember the first time that she gave me a each other what we are going to do. Many consequence, wells that yield water from the
I
Indian Affairs’ Eastern Navaho Agency in bath. She said, ‘ have never seen skin quite
aquifers (natural underground water reser
thought it was too late.”
northwestern New Mexico. The companies, this dark. I feel like 1 should keep
Finally, Elsie Peshlakai and the Dalton voirs) being mined will yield less water and
t
which have begun to drill test holes and scrubbing.’ I was scared, but I didn’ cry.
“Three and a half weeks later I went up to Pass chapter o f the Navaho Indians in may ultimately yield none.”
construct mines, claim that they have
Crown Point, New Mexico, drafted a reso
(Continued on page 7)
improved their techniques. But already the the top o f the lava rocks and I cried and
�Wahanaki Alliance November 1979
Page 7
‘
Now there is not enough food for the family
because so many animals have died'
—
(Continued from page 6)
»
The Environmental Protection Agency, a
defendant in the suit, came to similar con
clusions in a recent draft environmental
impact statement.While there is water, there is significant
danger to those who drink it. According to
studies undertaken in the New Mexico En
vironmental Improvement Division, the
water that is pumped out o f the uranium
mines contains elevated concentrations of
radium, arsenic, and nitrate. The discharge
o f such highly contaminated mine effluents
into streams creates a long-lived source of
groundwater contamination. The studies
also indicate that industry-sponsored en
vironmental monitoring programs are in
adequately designed and implemented and
may not define the full long-term impacts o f
mining and million operations on the
groundwater quality.
Nevertheless, the United States Geologi
cal Survey claims that the Crown Point
mining plants do not constitute a “major
federal action significantly affecting the
quality o f human environment.”
And John Lobdell, a Tennessee Val
ley Authority official, told Crown Point resi
dents that proposed mining activities were
not anything to worry about, though he con
ceded that “the chemical reaction o f the
uranium is especially hard on the kidneys
while the radiation is hard on the rapidly
multiplying cells such as blood, genes, or
bone. I can’ guarantee there will be no
t
effect to you or your offspring, but then I
can’ one hundred percent guarantee you
t
won't fall down in your bathtub tonight
either.” (The Tennessee Valley Authority is
the producer o f phosphate slag used to
make concrete blocks that were discovered
to be radioactive, but only after they were
used in some 200,000 homes in the South
east.)
“ Nothing grows here”
It was 10 degrees below zero. I sat beside
Elsie Peshlakai in her blue, four-wheeldrive pickup truck. We were going to see an
old Navaho woman whose land had recently
been confiscated. The company had put up
a sign that read, “Private Road, Keep Out.”
We traveled up the long dirt road past
hundreds o f white stakes; each stake
marked the place where a hole had been
drilled. “As you can see, there is nothing
growing out here any more,” Elsie said as we
approached a tiny gray hut with a red roof.
Inside, I saw Hah-nah-bah Charley sitting
on the side o f her bed. She was wearing a
brightly colored yellow skirt and a blueflowered blouse. She greeted me softly in
Navaho. Then she said: “My sheep are
dead. There are three large mud pits, each
the side o f this house. Some sheep drowned
in the mud, others died — one right after
the other, like they were poisoned.
“How many animals have died alto
gether?” I asked.
“Three calves, sixteen sheep, eleven goats,
four horses,” came the reply. “Now there is
not enough food for the family because so
many animals have died. A white man from
the BIA (Bureau o f Indian Affairs) came out
to look at the dead sheep and said it’
s
probably the water since the wells they dug
have a runoff that goes right into the
animals' stock pond.
“ Why did you let them come here?” I
asked. When Elsie repeated the question,
the old woman began to speak rapidly.
Gesturing with her hands, she explained,
“One day a white man carrying papers came
with an Indian and said, ‘
Mother, because
all is well with you and you use your land
well, and you have no problems with your
neighbors or your allotment (160 acres), we
want you to put your thumbprint right here
on this piece o f papei.' ” Trusting them.
Hah-nah-bah agreed and pressed her thumb
on the paper, not realizing that it was
actually a contract givuig the oil company
access to 160 acres o f some o f the most
valuable land in America. Her land.
“Later, I went to the BIA office,” Hahnah-bah said, “and told them what had
happened. But they just said, ‘ is your
It
fault. You signed the paper.’”
“The Bureau o f Indian Affairs was set up
by the government to protect the Indian
people, yet they never told any of us what
they were going to do,” Elsie said angrily as
we climbed back into the truck. “They just
took what they wanted, even our grave sites,
even our sacred springs, and went over them
with a bulldozer.”
“We act on behalf o f the allottee,”
Edward Plummer, superintendent o f the
Eastern Agency in Crown Point told me.
“All the responsibilities we execute come
from Congress. Our duties are assigned to
us just like any other governmental organi
zation. We develop the forms for the appli
cant to sign. Then we make every effort to
locate the allottee. O f course, if we cannot
find the person, or if there are several
owners and they disagree, then we make a
judgment for them. We also make an esti
mate o f how much damage will be done. We
inform the allottee o f all this. Then the
allottee makes the decision. The allottees
have the legal right to the land, which is held
in trust for them by our organization. If the
allottees sign the contracts and change their
minds after construction has begun, they
would need a lawsuit to stop the companies.
After all, that’ why we have a Navaho staff
s
to make sure they understand.”
" I have heard stories from people that
contradict what you’ telling me,” I said. “I
re
have heard that people have been pressured
and forced into signing documents without
knowing what they were signing.”
“Well,” he answered, “we are under
staffed. We have four thousand allotments
out here and a Navaho staff o f four.”
“Do you personally own an allotment?" I
asked.
“ No, I don’ he said. “The way it works
t,”
is that the land usually belongs to the
women. The society has been set up so that
the land is passed from father to daughter
and uncle to niece. When a Navaho man
marries, he almost always, goes to live on the
woman’ land. Most o f these allotments
s
were distributed between 1910 and 1930. At
that time Indian-owned land was reduced
from twenty-four million acres to two and a
half million acres. Since the government
didn’ know about the uranium then, those
t
who were given land were given both the
surface and the subsurface rights to the
land.”
Spoiled land
“Don’ you feel that your people are being
t
cheated?”
“Well, the Navaho doesn’ care about
t
money. He has a different value system from
the white man. He values the land, not the
money. To the Navaho the land is Mother. It
brings him food.”
"Yes, but the land is being destroyed,” I
ventured.
“That is true,” he said sadly. “I feel with
them. I am a Navaho. I grew up with them.
The almighty dollars has come in here and
spoiled the land. We might do reclaiming of
the land, but what good is it if we have
ruined the water? Right now we have
contaminated water running down the
creek. We could move them to town bu
Navahos don’ live that way. The land is
t
where they have their ties.”
“Isn’ this a hard position for you
t
personally to be in?” I asked. Suddenly he
hardened. ‘Tve been here for eleven years.
I’ satisfied. I’ happy as hell. They have
m
m
all these options.” He looked at his watch,
“I have to be going,” he- said. “Please
remember I represent the Secretary o f the
Interior. I am charged by him with these
responsibilities.”
There are a lot o f people who feel that the
Bureau of Indian Affairs is not meeting its
responsibilities. Tom Barry, energy reporter
for the Navaho Times, in Albuquerque, is
one.' He conducted his own investigation
into the BIA and concluded, “Environ
mental assessments o f lease offerings and
approval o f mining plans have amounted to
no more than routine letters o f approval,
rarely extending to two pages, and at times
consisting o f only one sentence.”
When asked if the BIA was fulfilling its
true responsibility to the Navahos, regarding
the BIA mineral-leasing program, Thomas
Lynch, director o f the Minerals Division in
Window Rock, Arizona, who signed the
leases, replied: “Let’ put it this way, we are
s
taking care o f everything. We are following
the regulations.”
Some BIA administrators may be doing
that, but the damage to Navaho land
continues. Sarah McCray, a dark-eyed,
highly spirited middle-aged Navaho woman,
tells this story.
"Back in 1974 two people came to me
from what I thought was the Bureau of
Indian Affaris. They said they wanted to
lease one acre for a hundred dollars for one
year. I signed.
Trusted a Navaho
"They began to bring in equipment,
scattering it over my allotment. Then they
began to drill. Some time later they
returned. This time saying they wanted to
put in one little light bulb because they had
come across some bedrock and needed to
look into one o f the holes. ‘
Please, please
sign it,’ said one man, speaking in Navaho.
Because he was a Navaho I trusted him. I
signed. Then they put power lines on my
land.
“Two or three years later a white man
with a big beard came and said the men over
there saw uranium on your land and they
want you to sign your name. This time I
said, ‘
No. I am poor and I am humble, but I
too have needs. I want you to drill over here
for water so that we can have water to drink
and water for our livestock and then I want
you to make a road, a real good road, from
the highway straight to my house because
there is only one way out, over the
mountains o f bedrock and we have to haul
eight fifty-gallon barrels o f water over that
rock every day for our animals.
A Navajo elder
“ He said, ‘
We will do that for you if you
will sign your name.’ I said, ‘
No. I want it
done first then I will sign my name.’ He just
laughed then rolled up his maps and left.
"Two months later he returned again and
said, ‘
Have you thought about it?’ And I
said, ‘
Yes. Have you thought about making
me the well and the road?’ He said, ‘
No, we
won’ do that. That will cost a lot o f money.’
t
I said, ‘
Then I’ never sign my name.
ll
You’ lied to me again and again. I’
ve
m
going to find out what’ at the bottom of
s
this. I’ sure there’ a lawyer who will help
m
s
me. I hear there’s a meeting in Crown Point
and I’ going to go.’ ”
m
Sarah McCray did go to that meeting.
That was July 25, 1978. It was there that she
met Elsie Peshlakai and became an active
participant in the struggle against uranium
mining.
She also met Shirley Roper, a young
Navaho woman, who, like Elsie, left home as
a young child to live with the Mormons and
become educated. When Shirley returned
with a college degree and two years of post
graduate training in clinical psychology, she
found hundreds of holes drilled in her land.
“Talk about Indian givers. First they
throw us on this old barren desert, and then
they want to take it back. They gave it to us
because they thought it was no good. Now it
is their last resource for atomic energy, and
we still have no electricity. Talk about
defense. What are they going to defend? A
radioactive field where everyone has cancer?
It’ hard to know who’ more naive, the
s
s
Navahos who signed the papers or the
companies who rush blindly forward.”
For Shirley’ mother, Mae Roper, the
s
pain is greater. “I’m so timid in front of
white men,” she explains. “They said sign
it and I signed it. I am an old woman. Even
if I do not get cancer, I have only got a few
more years to live, but my children and
grandchildren will hold me responsible for
opening up the mine and killing them off.”
Then she turned to Elsie who was trans
lating this from Navaho and said, “No more
signatures, Elsie. You must go into the
homes and tell them. Our whole way of
dealing with life has been to accept and
accept.”
“Yes,” Elsie said “even now our own
people w'ho don’ look beyond today think
t
we are taking away jobs. They forget that
even with the mines on our land we Navahos
are the last to be hired, the first to be fired,
and the lowest paid. But we are starting to
ask questions.”
Then Elsie put her hand on Mae Roper’
s
shoulder and said in Navaho: “No more
signatures — it’ survival now.”
s
(Reprinted from the October 1979 issue of
Ms. magazine, with permission.)
PROTECTED — A new security alarm system has been installed at Indian Township ele
mentary school to protect the building from vandals. At left is nearly completed
kindergarten building.
�Page 8
Wabanaki Alliance November 1979
Traffic ticket leads to fracas
Neighbors contacted Mrs. Neptune s
INDIAN ISLAND — An attempt to
deliver a traffic ticket late one night ended sons, who allegedly then went to Gali
peau's house and became involved in the
in the hospitalization of a 58-year-old Indian
melee.
Island woman and an FBI investigation.
Because o f recent court decisions denying
Police have declined comment on the
events of that recent night; however, state jurisdiction on Maine’s reservations
according to witnesses of the incident, the due to the tribes' federal status. Federal
disturbance began at 11:00 p.m. when tribal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) was called in
patrolman Darryl Massey presented Roger on the* case to consider assault charges
Galipeau with a ticket for driving an against some Island residents involved.
unregistered vehicle, a van belonging to
FBI agent Donald Cummings, assigned to
Galipeau’ brother-in-law, Stanley Neptune. the case, declined comment on the case,
s
According to witnesses Galipeau refused except to say that his involvement was in
to sign the ticket and tried to enter his response to a complaint from Indian Island
house. At this point witnesses say Massey police on an alleged assault of one of its
twisted Galipeau's arm behind his back. officers.
Following attempts by Galipeau’ wife,
s
According to Galipeau, the original
Janice, to intercede, Massey allegedly grab
charge of driving an unregistered vehicle
bed her. as well, and twisted her arm.
was dismissed by the court on technicalities.
Reportedly wakened by the shouts o f her
daughter Janice, Susan Neptune arrived and
tried to pull her daughter free. During
Obituary
efforts by Massey to resist Mrs. Neptune,
Roger broke free and entered the house,
MARIAN L. DENNIS
reportedly to change his shirt.
OLD TOWN — Mrs. Marian L. Dennis,
Meanwhile, witnesses say. Janice at
75, o f 66 Wilson Street died Oct. 14, 1979.
tempted to prevent Massey from entering
She was born Feb. 12, 1904, in Montville,
the house. During the ensuing scuffle, Mrs.
Neptune again attempted to separate her the daughter o f Mr. and Mrs. Fred Stewart.
She was the wife o f the late Joseph Dennis.
daughter and the policeman, and, according
to witnesses. Massey elbowed or pushed her, She is survived by four sons, Roy Dana Sr. of
STORY HOUR— Indian Township kids take advantage of the new Frances Xavier Day
Bangor, Joseph Dennis of Medford, Mass.,
causing her to fall.
Care Center at Peter Dana Point. |Kathy Tomah photo]
Witnesses say at this point, when Roger William Dennis o f Portland, Claude Dennis
Galipeau reemerged from his house, his wife of Old Town; three daughters, Clara Jen
again tried to come between Massey and nings, Evelyn McKenzie and Myrtle Baker,
him. Mrs. Neptune allegedly got up and all of Old Town; three sisters, Ruth St. John
again tried to pull Massey and her daughter o f Thorndike, Esther Stewart o f Linapart. It was during this second attempt, colnville, Mrs. Maynard Hall o f Lincolnville
Center; 13 grandchildren; 12 great-grand
according to witnesses, that she collapsed.
Again according to witnesses. Roger children; several nieces, nephews and
by Kathy Tomah
speaking, and also for them to learn to carried Mrs. Neptune into the house, while cousins.
Funeral services were held at St. Anne
Area reporter
interact with each other. It helps them to her daughter called for someone to call an
On Sept. 1 the Frances Xavier Day Care
9,
become more independent and to be able to ambulance. Massey, allegedly at this point Church on Indian Island. Burial was in the
tribal cemetery, Indian Island.
Center at Peter Dana Point opened its doors
do as much as they can for themselves. They called Old Town police for a backup.
to Indian youngsters.
sing songs together, have finger play, which
Presently there are fourteen children
helps them to become more coordinated,
going. The center can serve 22 children.
and learn to follow directions. They develop
Some children that go to Early Childhood in
their motor skills.
the morning go to the Day Care Center in
The center is an economic boost to the
They also visited the United Nations
the afternoon.
by Kathy Tomah
community. It provides excellent care for
headquarters in New York. The following
The children attending now are Jeremy
Area reporter
the children and permits their parents to
day involved a plenary session and workshop
Bryant, Rose' Ann Campbell, Archie Lawork and not have to worry, and also is con
Carl Nicholas Jr., son of the Lieutenant in the areas of health and welfare, education
Coote, Jeanne Lewey, Stephen Newell Jr.,
venient.
Governor o f Indian Township, was one of and child development, war, peace, racism
Blanche Sockabasin, Chad Sockabasin,
This is a state funded program, but is also
two high school seniors picked from the and sexism, child abuse and juvenile justice,
Sam Sockabasin, Raphael Sockabasin Jr.,
being supported by the Township ele
state o f Maine to attend a Youth Enrich
and human survival.
Maria Sockabasin, Julie Sockabasin, Tif
mentary school. Admittance fee for the
ment Symposium sponsored by the Sun
Each symposium participant was requir
fany Sacoby, Howard Stevens, Juanita
children is based on family income.
Company.
ed to make or have made a gift representa
Sopiel.
tive o f his or her state or country and to tell
The administrator is Sarah Miranov from
This is in observance o f the United
the significance of the item.
Grand Lake Stream. The teacher is Robin
Nations International Year of the Child.
Glassman, who has a Bachelor’ degree in
s
There were only two selected for this trip
ORONO — Small Business Administra
teaching and, prior to coming here, taught
from each o f the fifty states, plus District of
tion (SBA) officials held a one day seminar
for five years in New York. There are two
this month for Maine Indians interested in Columbia. Puerto Rico, and the Virgin
teacher’ aides who assist her, Linda Newell
s
Islands. In addition, there were two persons
starting their own businesses.
and Paula Bryant.
Sponsored by Maine’ Department of each from Europe, England. Africa, Asia,
s
The day care is open Monday through
Indian Affairs (DIA). the meeting attracted Latin America, and Canada, about 118
Friday, 7:30 a.m. to 4:15 p.m. The children
around eight participants. Despite the low participants in all.
are provided with breakfast and lunch. They
turnout, most people attending expressed
An excellent program was planned to
go out to play twice a day, weather
satisfaction with what they had learned, improve the perception o f youth leaders on
permitting. This is an excellent place for
according to DIA representative, Russell the "Rights of the Child.” The central
these children ages 3 to 5. educationally
theme o f the four days, which were October
Socoby.
Among those attending were Ann Par- 24 through the 27 will be on the quality of
dilla. who operates an Indian craft store at life for young people in our world com
Indian Island. Tina (Rhine) Coffman of munity. Participants stayed in Philadelphia, Indian Island, who with her husband, Pennsylvania near Independence Hall.
INDIAN ISLAND — A reservation resi
Ralph, plans to open an off-reservation beer
dent. and an off-reservation Penobscot, were
distributorship for Coors beer, and Edward
elected Nov. 7, to fill vacancies on the
Daigle, who said he was there to pick up
Penobscot tribal council.
some “general ideas," possibly for starting a
Joseph (Jo-Jo) Francis of Indian Island
grocery.
tallied the largest count, with 132 votes.
Next was Nicholas Dow, with 79 votes.
Chicago pow wow
Losers in the council elections were Violet
UNITY — A selection o f American
Carl Nicholas Jr.
[Photo by Kathy Tomah]
Francis. 60 votes, and Pat Almenas, who
Indian basketry and weaving will be
includes tribute
received 42 votes. Francis Mitchell and
Following these discussions, there was a
exhibited through Nov. 16, at Unity College
Theodore N. Mitchell each received one
panel consisting of their counterparts from
CHICAGO — First held 26 years ago, the Art Gallery.
write-in vote.
third world countries such as Africa, Asia
Part of the Terry Indian collection, the
Francis will serve the unexpired tour year American Indian Center here will hold its display features Passamaquoddy and Pen
and Latin America. The following day there
term of Pat Baer, who resigned from the annual powwow Nov. 23, 24 and 25, at obscot fancy and coarse basket weaving,
were workshops, and /participants had a
council when he and his family moved to Chicago Armory.
chance to develop resolutions and recom
Planned in conjunction with the event is a plus examples o f the art from elsewhere in
Massachusetts.
mendations regarding the rights o f young
the U.S. Peter Smith Terry, 1910-1976,
Erlene Paul' carried the school board memorial feast for David C. Fox, Nov. 24, at
people that can be widely shared in this
spent a dozen years assembling Indian arts
election, pulling 95 votes from a field o f six 5 p.m. Canadian quill weaving, Zuni inlay,
country and abroad.
and crafts for a tribal museum in Unity. The
candidates. She and Michael S. Ranco, with and Navajo jewelry making will be ex
There was also time for them to go on
museum, located on Quaker Hill in an old
66 votes, were the winners. Other candidates hibited, along with silversmithing. basketry
Meeting House, is open seasonally. A historical tours, entertainment was pro
were Merlene Couturier, 52 votes; Carol and beadwork. Indians from 17 states are
Waterville resident, Terry was widely known vided, and also time to relax. On the last
Dana, 49 votes; Cheryl Knapp, 42 votes and expected to attend, performing dances and
day, they visited Washington, D.C.
among Maine Indians.
songs, and competing for prizes.
write-in Theodore N. Mitchell, 36 votes.
Indian Township day care
more than babysitting
Picked for enrichment program
SBA holds seminar
Council, school
board slots filled
Terry collection
on display at Unity
�Wabanaki Alliance November 1979
A HUG HELPS— Cheryl Knapp of Indian Island comforts a tired son, Joe, 12, who placed
17th in a 1.5 mile race at Readfield, where state track meet was held. At right is Penobscot
track team coach Mike Ranco, with Renee Knapp in foreground. The meet at Maranacook
school was something of a family affair, with two Knapp brothers in races, and Ranco’s son.
Coincidentally, Mike Ranco ran against Maranacook coach Stan Cowan— a race
organizer— back when Ranco was a student at Orono High School.
Page 9
SWIFT-FOOTED— Three members of Indian Island’ track club— named for famous
s
Penobscot Olympic runner Andrew Sockalexis— line up for a 1.5 mile run at Maranacook
Community School in Readfield. From left in the age nine-and-under race are Chris Ranco,
eighth over the finish line in 11.1 minutes; Kirk Francis, 16th in 12 minutes; and Jamie
Knapp, who placed second, in 10.3 minutes.
Island sports boast record participation
INDIAN ISLAND —
Enthusiasm is
running high this year for the Indian Island
hockey team, according to recreation direc
tor, Red Bartlett.
The 41 kids who turned out for the team
represent the largest number for any Island
sport to date. Bartlett said he has had a
larger than usual number o f parents show
an interest, as well.
Bartlett said 18 players had- gone to
hockey school at the Montreal Canadiens
training camp, which may have contributed
to this year’ turn out. The camp guarantees
s
participants will improve 50 per cent.
This is the first time the team will be
representing Indian Island in the statewide
Penobscot Valley Hockey League. There are
approximately 12 other teams in the league.
Bartlett said the Island is divided into three
age group teams, mites, peewees, and
squirts.
League competition will begin toward the
end o f this month, according to Bartlett,
who said he is also trying to organize a
program “for kids who have never been on
skates.”
Knapp, 17th. Ronnie Paul came in second
in the 16 and 17 age group, but will be too
old to enter the regionals.
The runners are part of the Andrew
Sockalexis track club are are coached by
Michael Ranco of Indian Island.
Indian Island also holds top honors with
its basketball team, which has won the
Orono-Old Town YMCA basketball confer
ence for the last two years, with a two-year
1
record o f 57 wins to only three losses.
According to Bartlett, gymnastics is also
gaining in popularity among Indian Island
kids. This year 27 children are enrolled in
the program.
Running program strong
ONLY SECONDS after the first place
winner crossed the finish line, Jamie Knapp
of Indian Island headed for the home
stretch at Maranacook school, site of this
month’s state track meet.
Although the hockey team is a recent
addition to the Island, the Penobscots
continue to excel in the more established
Island sports. Following in the footsteps of
Penobscot Olympian runner, Andrew Sock
alexis, Indian Island is sending five runners
to the junior Olympics cross-country regional
championships in New York.
These five recently qualified for the
regional competition at a meet held in Reidfield, Maine. In their respective age groups
Jamie Knapp and Greta Neptune took
second place honors, Chris Ranco finished
8th, Kirk Francis came in 16th, and Joe
RONNIE PAUL, 18, took second place’in
five mile race at state track meet, Readfield.
He ran the hilly, muddy course in 34.1
minutes. Paul is no novice, having complet
ed the 26-mile-plus Paul Bunyan marathon,
July 14.
GRETA NEPTUNE of Indian Island came
pounding in at the 1.5 mile finish line
without even looking winded, to take second
place at state track meet in Readfield. Her
time was 11.2 minutes, just one minute more
than teammate Jamie Knapp’s time in the
boy’ division of the age nine-and-under
s
race.
CMIA completes summer program
By Bernice Murphy
The Central Maine Indian Association
(CMIA) was able to offer Indian youths
between the ages o f 6 and 14 a summer
recreation program this year.
CMIA needed a recreational director and
found Steven Googoo, a Micmac entering
his senior year at University o f Maine at
Orono as a Physical Educational student.
Googoo taught the youths the importance
o f team effort, good sportsmanship, and
self-motivation in sports such as volleyball,
baseball, soccer, field hockey, and horse
shoes. He took them on field trips, camping,
and hiking at Villa-Vaughn Beach, Branch
Lake, Jenkins Beach, Cold Stream and
Mattakeuk Pond, where they learned the
importance o f protecting our woodlands and
waterways while enjoying the out-of-doors.
Steve taught them the importance o f a
healthier body through physical fitness and
nutritional habits and held a Junior Olym
pics for them. He told them Indian stories
and with the assistance of Bridget W ood
ward taught them beading. The children
were taught a part o f their native heritage by
taking them to the Indian museum at Unity
The youths had a very enjoyable summer
vacation, playing games and sports, while
becoming more aware o f the importance o f a
healthy body and a little more informed
about their world.
CMIA said Googoo and his aides —
Bridget Woodward, Susan LeClair, Lisa and
David Pardilla made the first summer rec
reation program “a tremendous success.”
�Page 10
Wabanaki Alliance November 1979
A Thanksgiving prayer
ACCOMPLISHMENT — These three Indian Island residents recently completed require
ments for a diploma from Old Town High School. From left, the graduates are Ruby
Nicolar, Gary Neptune Sr., and Pauline Mitchell. Nicolar and Neptune are Penobscots,
Mitchell is a Navaho.
A roostook News
By Brenda Polchies
Area Correspondent
HOULTON —
Specialist 5th Class
Donald Levasseur. son o f Mrs. Shirley
Levasseur of the Ludlow Road in Houlton, is
currently home on leave after being honor
ably discharged from the U.S. Army. He re
enlisted Oct. 11th to serve another three
years with the 82nd Airborne Division at
Fort Bragg, North Carolina. In January
1980, he plans to enter Cambell College at
Fayetteville and pursue administrative
courses for an Associates Degree. He is
scheduled to return to Fort Bragg to receive
new orders on Nov. 16th. While in the Army,
he was awarded the Army Commendation
Medal. Good Conduct Medal, Parachutist
Badge, and Expert Badge M-16. Levasseur
initially enlisted Oct. 12, 1976. He is a
graduate o f Houlton High School.
MONTICELLO — Allen Jewell, 15-yearold son o f Mr. and Mrs. Michael Jewell of
the Station Road, was severely injured in a
fall from a bridge on U.S. Route 1 at Monticello, Oct. 23rd. He received massive bone
fractures and is now confined at the A.R.
Gould Memorial Hospital in Presque Isle.
He will be recoperating for a spell and cards
and letters would be greatly appreciated.
Allen is a student at Houlton Jr. High
School.
by Big White Owl
O, Thou Great and Good Spirit, Thou
Supreme and Infinite One, in whom the
earth and all things in it, may be seen and
heard. A Great and Mighty “ Kitche
Manitou” art thou, clothed with the day,
yea, with the brightest day, a day o f many
summers and winters long. Yea, a day of
everlasting continuance.
We give thanks to Thee on this day for all
nature, for its wonderful and mysterious way
o f life development.
We give thanks for being able to hear,
and to understand, the sweet music emanat
ing from the trees, swaying and singing, in
the gentle breeze.
We give thanks for being able to identify,
the medicinal roots and herbs, and for being
able to enjoy the beautiful flowers in gorge
ous bloom.
We give thanks for being able to see, the
fleecy clouds in the blue sky, and for being
able to feel the wind, the rain, the snow, in
our face, as we stand with uplifted arms
before the altar o f the Great Mystery!
We give thanks for being able to appre
ciate, the beauty o f the rippling streams,
leisurely flowing along winding trails, and
shady nooks.
We give thanks for having learned how to
stand, in silent salute, as “wild geese” pass
overhead in wondrous formation and ma
jestic flight.
We give thanks for the awe inspiring,
deep blue waters, the great lakes and the
seas, and all the life therein.
We give thanks to Kishalehmookquaing,
Our Creator, for abundantly supplying us
with com, beans, tobacco, pumpkins.
Omaha Indian to aid scouting
DAYTON, N.J. — Joseph T. Provost, an
enrolled Omaha tribal member, o f Albu.
querque, New Mexico, has became the first
of two project associates for the newly-an-
Educational meeting
WASHINGTON — National Advisory
Council on Indian Education (NACIE)
has scheduled a regular meeting Nov. 30Dec. 2, at Denver, Colorado.
On the agenda for the meeting is
election of officers, review o f NACIE’s
1980 budget, future activities, special
reports and other business. The meeting
is open to the public. Representing
Maine Indians on the council is Wayne
A. Newell. Passamaquoddy, o f Indian
Township.
nounced American Indian scouting out
reach program.
James Hess, project director said, “With
out question, we have an extremely wellqualified person to serve in this position.”
Provost, who is known as "Injun Joe,” has a
record o f professional experience with Boy
Scouts o f America, most recently as field
service director for BSA’s southwest area
council, headquartered in Albuquerque.
squashes, potatoes, tomatoes, nuts and
berries, for the beaver and fish in our rivers,
for the deer, elk and bear, in our forests.
We give thanks for our good health. We
are indeed happy to see the leaves on the
trees, red, gold, brown, purple, falling,
gliding, drifting, sailing, down to the
Mother Earth again.
We give thanks for having lived another
year, for having enjoyed the seasons of
winter, spring, summer, autumn.
We give thanks for “Gish’uch,” the great
shining sun, for the pale moon, for the
numberless stars, for our Mother, the Earth;
whom we claim as our mother because ‘
the
good earth’ carries all the people o f the
world, and everything they need. Indeed,
when we look around, we cannot help but
realize that “Kitche Manitou” — Great
Spirit provides all the important necessities
o f life for us.
We give thanks, for all o f these, and
countless other blessings. “O, Katanehtooweyun,” Almighty Spirit, Creator o f All
Things, Hear us, and help us!
I Have Spoken.
Turkeys and trimmings flown to Indians
VAN NUYS, Calif. — Litton Flying
Club, following the suggestion o f Indian
movie star “Iron Eyes” Cody, has chosen
to bring Thanksgiving dinners to Mojave
Indian reservation at Needles, California.
Club members are soliciting donations
o f cash, warm clothing and canned food
to add to their own purchases o f turkeys
and “the fixings,” said Glenn Thacker,
in a press release. Twenty-five private
aircraft are expected to take off Nov. 10
from Van Nuys airport.
The mojave tribe is comprised o f 145
families, and is situated on the Colorado
River.
The mojave Indian nation was visited
by Spanish explorers in 1604 at the
Colorado River, and the Rev. Francisco
AAI director on
leave of absence
HOULTON — Maynard Polchies, presi
dent of Association of Aroostook Indians
(AAI), has taken an indefinite leave of
absence, following orders from his doctor.
Acting director Terry Polchies said May
nard, his brother, was suffering from
nervous exhauston, complicated by arthritis.
Polchies’ wife said in recent months AAI
programs had gotten “too big, too fast,"
and that the pressure on Polchies had been
tremendous.
Staff at AAI said they are far behind in
the paper work. Polchies has been out for
most of this month, his staff said. He is
expected to continue convalescing for
another month at least.
de Escobar wrote, “ We found them very
friendly, and they gave us maize, frijoles
and calabashes which is the ordinary
food of all the people of the river.”
The U.S. Congress in 1865 established
the Colorado Indian Reservation where
the Mojave and other Colorado River
tribes lived. In 1911, the present Fort
Mojave Indian Reservation was set apart
for the tribe. In 1967 the Arizona Village
was developed when the Mojave tribe
received 100 homes from the U.S.
Marine base at Twenty-Nine Palms,
Calif.
Approximately 22 thousand acres of
the Mojave reservation have a high
potential for development as irrigated
cropland, and three thousand acres are
situated for rangeland use, with the
remainder composed of brush and wild
lands.
According to tribal chairman Llewel
lyn Barrackman, the Mojave tribe now is
making agricultural progress on the
reservation and has leased land to
various companies for that purpose, all
with the objective o f keeping native
members o f the tribe on the reservation
rather than forced to move to urban
areas to maintain a minimum standard
of living.
Litton Flying club has delivered
around 50,000 pounds of food and
clothing to the Manzanita, Jamal, Pala,
Havasupai, Paiute, Tule River, La Jolla
and Pauma tribes, since 1972.
SUBSCRIBE T O
WABANAKI
ALLIANCE
VISITORS FROM BOSTON - John [Sammy! Saplel and Duma MacDonald from the
Boston Indian Council [BIC] recently visited Indian Island. Sapiel is sitting on the
Penobscot Indian Nation Judicial Advisory Committee [PDUAC], which is charged with
developing laws for the Island’s new judicial system.
News of
Maine Indian Country
�Wabanaki Alliance November 1979
advertisements
Blackfeet and Sioux men get BIA jobs
WASHINGTON — Three assistant area
directors for the Bureau o f Indian Affairs’
office in Aberdeen, South Dakota, have
been named.
Richard D. Drapeaux, formerly deputy
area director in Aberdeen will be the assist
The Housing Authority of the City o f Westbrook is accepting applications for the Section | ant area director for human resources. This
8 Rental Assistance Program. The program will financially assist 30 low and moderate:
office will supervise the office o f employ
income families in paying their rent. The income limits for applicants are as follows:
ment assistance, social services, tribal gov
Maximum
Persons in
ernment, law enforcement, housing and
Income
Family
Indian business development.
$ 9,800.
*1
Drapeaux, 50, a member o f the Yankton
11,200.
2
Sioux Tribe, is a graduate o f South Dakota
12,600.
3
State University and entered federal service
14,000.
4
in 1952 as a teacher on the Pine Ridge
14,850.
5
Indian Reservation. He subsequently served
16,600.
6
at the Turtle Mountain, Fort Totten, Fort
17,500.
7
*SingIe persons must be 62 years of age or declared disabled by the Social Security Act. j: Berthold agencies in education, employment
assistance and housing positions. In 1975,
Participating families will pay between 15 and 25 percent of their income for rent and the;:
he was appointed deputy area director, a
Housing Authority of the City o f Westbrook will pay the balance. Applicant preference!;
will be given to persons living in. employed or accepted for employment in the City o l : position he held until the reorganization of
Westbrook. Present applicants must re-apply for this Section VIII Rental Assistance; the Aberdeen area office in May which
established assistant area directors for ad
allocation.
ministration, education, human resources
TO APPLY/OR REQUEST INFORMATION
and natural resources in lieu o f the deputy
CALL 854-9779
and division chief s positions.
Between 9:00 a.m. and 4:30 p.tn.
Dennis L. Petersen, 53, enrolled member
Owners requesting information on participating in this rental assistance program are;
o f the Cheyenne River Sioux Tribe will be
also asked to contact the above number.
the assistant area director for natural
Minorities are encouraged to apply.
resources. His office will supervise the
overall responsibility for roads, rights pro
tection, real estate services, forestry, range
ANNOUNCEMENT
management, environmental quality and
POSITION AVAILABLE
The Penobscot Indian Tribal Court of
energy resources. Petersen is a graduate of
Unclassified State Service
offenses has an opening for a part-time
South Dakota State University and did post
Maine Human Rights Commission
position as judge.
graduate work at Colorado State and the
CLERK TYPIST III
Qualifications must be:
University o f Arizona. He served with the
For Portland, Maine field office.
1 Knowledge o f State o f Maine Laws.
.
U.S. Infantry in WWII and again during the
Minimum o f 2 years experience in an
2. Be willing to familiarize him/herself
Korean conflict. He was with the South
office providing service to the general
with Penobscot Tribal Ordinances
Dakota State University Extension Service.
public. Excellent typing and receptionist
and Laws.
skills required; ability to work with
3. Be o f high moral character and
minimum supervision and the ability to
JOB OPENING
physically sound.
accept varied job duties is a necessity.
Central Maine Indian Association has an
4. Not have been convicted or found
Submit resume to:
guilty o f a tribal felony or a felony
opening for Director o f Health and
Maine Human Rights Commission
elsewhere or within one year last past
Social Services. Applicants must have a
State House
o f a misdemeanor, excepting minor
B.S. degree in Social Welfare, or the
Augusta, Maine 04333
equivalent in work experience. They
traffic violations.
Salary Range: $181.60-$229.20
must have a driver’ license and be able
s
5. Not holding at the time o f appoint
to travel. Applicants must be able to
ment an elective office.
communicate well with both Indian and
Salary negotiable.
Non-Indian groups. Resumes will be
An equal opportunity employer.
UF0PI HEWS, has i brand new newspaper about
accepted until November 28,1979 at:
Please submit resume to:
UFO and the O ccu lt Packed with opportunities and
Central Maine Indian Association
Jerry Pardilla
fu n packed readini for everyone. A single copy of
95 Main Street
Community Building
UF0PI news sells for just $2.00. Send your money
for your first copy today: UF0PI HEWS, P.O.B. 161,
Orono, Maine 04473
Indian Island, Me. 04468
Atlantic, H. C. 28511.
ATTENTION: Personnel Committee
HOUSING ASSISTANCE
soosecoocc
VETERANS ADMINISTRATION
1=1
Equal Housing
OPPORTUNITY
Owned Homes For Sale
Throughout The State
Minimum Cash Down Payment
Financing Available Through V.A.
30 Year Loans — No Closing Costs
9Vi% Interest.
Anyone Can Buy
You Don't Have To Be A Veteran
See Your Local Real Estate Broker
Or Contact
VETERANS ADMINISTRATION
LOAN GUARANTY DIVISION
TOGUS, MAINE 04330
Tel. 207-623-8411 Ext. 433
^OOC>SOSOCOCO=OCOOOOOOOOOCCOCiOOOCOOOCOOOOOC>=OOCO©!>»
Page 11
FOR SALE
CONTENTS OF WORKSHOP:
Includes two power lathes, drill press,
other power tools. Buy all, or separate
machines.
Write or call —
Mrs. Edna Becker
Indian Island
Old Town, maine 04468
827-5467
Loren J. Farmer, 41, will be the assistant
area director for administration and will
supervise general areas of financial man
agement, budget, personnel services, real
property management, procurement and
contracting, and safety and planning.
Farmer, an enrolled member o f the
Blackfeet Tribe o f Montana, is a graduate of
Haskell Institute and joined the BIA in
1959. He has served in administrative and
management positions in western Washing
ton, Portland and Cheyenne River office and
was superintendent o f the Yankton and Fort
Belknap Agencies.
The Aberdeen area office administers
programs and services for 15 Indian tribes
with a population o f 61,300 in the states of
North Dakota, South Dakota and Nebraska.
JOB OPENING
Community Health Representative
The Community Health Services Pro
gram at Indian Township Reservation
will be providing services to Federally
recognized Passamaquoddies and Penobscots resident in Aroostook County.
This is part o f the Federally funded
Indian Health Service program being set
up at Indian Township.
A full time Community Health Repre
sentative is needed to work in Aroostook
County. This person will help to locate
eleigible people and develop a health
care program for them by working with
medical providers in the County.
The person hired will be under super
vision o f the Community Health Services
Program at Indian Township but would
spend most o f their time in Aroostook
County.
The person hired: 1 must have a
)
strong interest in health care and should
have some health care experience; 2
)
must be able to work well with the people
and the health care providers; 3) must be
able to work well on their own to carry
out their assignments; 4) must have a
drivers license and car; 5) must be willing
to attend training sessions in and out of
state to upgrade skills.
If you are interested, please contact
Wayne Newell, Director, Community
Health Services, Indian Township Tribal
Government, Box 301, Princeton, Maine
04668.
Attend The
Navajo College
Write or call:
Office of Admissions
Navajo Community C ollege
Psalie, Navajo Nation,
Arizona 86556
fully accredited
SELL THINGS
FAST
Wabanaki Alliance, Maine’ only
s
Indian newpaper, now offers advertising
at reasonable rates, with preference given
to Indian persons and Indian businesses.
Take advantage o f an opportunity to
reach about 3,000 readers — most of
them Indian persons — through a
display advertisement of your choice.
Call or write us for rates and other
information.
WABANAKI ALLIANCE
95 Main St.
Orono, Maine 04473
Tel. [207] 866-4903
�Page 12
Wabanaki Alliance November 1979
Flashback photo
news notes
Documentary film
project underway
OLD DAYS IN AROOSTOOK — Levi Joseph, an Indian from “the County” and father of
Ramona Stackhouse of East Eddington, looks like he’s not going anywhere in a hurry, in his
handsome Oakland auto, deep in Houlton snows. [Photo courtesy of Ramona Stackhouse]
Workshop builds cultural bridge
by Brenda Polchies
Area Reporter
PRESQUE ISLE — A two day workshop,
sponsored by the Northeast Indian Cultural
Awareness Training (NICAT) program, of
the University of Maine at Orono, was held
at the University of Maine at Presque Isle
Oct. 22 and 23 with attendance o f human
service workers and representatives of
various agencies offering human services
from throughout Aroostook County. The
workshop was aimed specifically at human
service workers to inform them o f the
differences of Indians in terms o f culture
and heritage. It is hoped that this workshop
will enable human service workers and
agencies dealing with youth to better service
Indian- people-after listening to members of
the Indian community.
There was a problem in getting a good
dialogue going because of difficulty getting
appropriate questions and responses from
human service workers and agency repre
sentatives regarding Indian culture and
heritage, and especially about Indian child
ren. The big questions asked were, why are
Indian people different? Are Indian people
different? Do Indian children have to be
treated differently in order to accomplish
what is best for the Indian child? Towards
the conclusion o f the workshop, it became
evident and there was agreement among the
participants, both Indian and non-Indian,
that there were no significant differences
between non-Indians and Indians in north
ern Maine except for the fact that culture
and heritage is still a part o f life for the
majority o f Maliseets and Micmacs.
Among topics covered were concepts of
ownership possession and competition, his
torical perspective on present day Indian
organizations in Aroostook, economics in
the Aroostook Indian community, and
alcoholism. Films were shown and there
were small group disucssions with a special
emphasis on problem solving. An extensive
and in-depth discussion on alcoholism
among Indians was featured. On the first
day o f the workshop, initial results o f the
NICAT field surveys were presented to the
group. Statistics, comments, and recom
mendations were discussed.
Gail Dana is Project Coordinator and
trainer for NICAT and she conducted the
workshop along with Indian Presenters
Terry Polchies and Berek Dore. Other re
source people who participated in the work
shop were Professors Lloyd Brightman and
Stephen Marks o f the University of Maine at
Orono; state Commissioner o f Indian
Affairs Charles Rhynard; Gary Ennis,
director o f Aroostook Indian Education at
Caribou; and Louie Paul, alcoholism coun
selor for AAI. Staff from the Department of
Indian Affairs at Houlton and staff from the
offices o f the Association o f Aroostook
Indians at Caribou and Houlton were also
present.
Indian leader
se e s grim year
ORONO — A plan for a 60-minute
documentary film on Maine Indians is
moving ahead, according to producer Jay
Kent.
Funding is being channeled through
Tribal Governors, Inc., of Orono, and Kent
hopes to hire an Indian person to direct the
film, he told Wabanaki Alliance in an
interview. He said he wants to encourage
Indian participation in all facets o f the film.
“ I’ very serious about having people get
m
in touch with me. If people don’ get
t
involved this is just going to be another
honky movie,” Kent said, adding, “ I think
one of the failings o f all the other films I’
ve
seen is that it’ Indians or non-Indians
s
talking about Indians. I want to minimize
the talking and get into the showing.”
Asked about the purpose o f the film, Kent
said, “I know that saying ‘
trying to increase
cultural awareness' is getting to be a cliche,
but that’ what we’ trying to do.” The film
s
re
will portray Micmacs, Maliseets, Penobscots
and Passamaquoddies.
Serving on a film advisory committee are
Dr. Eunice Baumann-Nelson o f Penobscot
health center, Penobscot historian Glenn
Starbird, Joyce Tompkins o f Association of
Aroostook Indians, Central Maine Indian
Association director Tom Vicaire, former
Passamaquoddy bilingual program director
Robert Leavitt, Passamaquoddy official
Roger Gabriel, Indian Pride director Joseph
Nicholas, Penobscot official Jean Mitchell,
and Rick Cross, former head o f Aroostook
Indian Education.
MONTREAL — Canadian govern
ment was strongly criticized for cutbacks
in Indian services, at a recent annual
meeting o f National Indian Brotherhood
(NIB).
NIB President Noel Starblanket said
Canadian bureaucrats offer "nothing
new and exciting,” and that vital
programs may get the “axe.” Public
works projects on a number of Canadian
reservations have been cancelled.
However, Starblanket praised NIB’
s
efforts during the past year, citing in
particular a visit to London and the
Queen's representatives. The visit in
cluded 300 chiefs and elders, and was,
“ An irreversible step toward entrenching
Indian aboriginal and treaty rights,”
Starblanket said, in an article in Native
People, a Canadian weekly.
CLAREMORE, Oklahoma — Famed
humorist Will Rogers would have been a
century old Nov. 4, if he were living today.
He died in a plane crash Aug. 15, 1935.
A cowboy, wit, philosopher, vaudeville
star and newspaper columnist, Rogers had a
playfully ironic sense o f life’ foibles and
s
real possibilities. When introduced to
President Coolidge, he said, “ Pardon me, I
didn't get your name.” This was apparently
the only time anyone saw the President
laugh.
On the eve o f the Depression, Rogers said,
“ It just ain’ in the book for us to have the
t
best of everything all the time. If you got
more money, the other fellow maybe has
better health, and if another’s got some
thing, why, some other will have something
PLEASANT POINT — A fire caused by a else. But we got too big an overbalance o f
woodstove resulted in minor damage to a everything, and we better kinder start
looking ahead and sorter taking stock and
reservation home here.
An alarm was turned in at 9:30 a.m., Oct. seeing where we are headed for.”
15, for a fire that broke out at the home of
Rogers may have been at one time the
Donald Stanley o f Pleasant Point. Tribal most popular person in the U.S., but not
Public Safety Director John Bailey credited everyone knew he was part Cherokee. The
a speedy and efficient tribal fire department New York Times said, “Will was an Indian
with extinguishing the fire and saving the — only part Cherokee, but a full-blooded
house. The Pleasant Point Fire Department Indian nonetheless, in his and everyone
has undergone training and has acquired a else’ eyes at a time when Indians were not
s
particularly admired in the West.”
fire engine.
Damage to the Stanley house was
Known as a Claremore native, Rogers was
actually born in nearby Oologah. He used
estimated at $300.
the Claremore address, however, since
Two bonds
“nobody but an Indian could pronounce
Oologah.”
seek recognition
Fire causes
slight dam age
WASHINGTON — Department of the
Interior is putting a notice in the federal
register on its proposal to acknowledge the
Grand Traverse Band o f Ottawa and
Chippewa Indians of Northern Michigan as
an Indian tribe, Bureau of Indian Affairs
Forrest Gerard said.
Schaghticokes mark
tenth anniversary
AVON, Mass. — Chief Broken Arrow
(George Hopkins) and wife Necia, a
princess, presided at the 10th anniversary
dinner o f New England Coastal Schaghticoke Indian Association.
The recent powwow included Indian films
and a show, and awarding o f plaques to
invited guests. Several tribes were repre
This year CMIA is trying to obtain sented at the festivities. The first association
donations o f food, money and toys to be dis
meeting took place in October 1969, at
tributed to Indian families that need the Schaghticoke Indian reservation, Kent,
help for Christmas. It also has about 60 Conn.
Indian people in different institutions in
CMIA seek s n ew logo
Maine and would like to do something for
them, too.
Anyone wishing to make a donation is
ORONO — Central Maine Indian Asso
asked to indicate whether it is to go towards
ciation is looking for an artistic person to
the families or people in institutions or both.
design a new logo for the Orono-based
(Donations will go to both, if a preference
organization.
isn’ stated.) Donors are asked to contact
t
Anyone wishing to try their hand at a logo
either Marta Conlin or Tom Thurlow, Out
design should submit their work to CMIA,
reach Workers at CMIA, 866-5587 or 866- 95 Main Street, Orono, Maine 04473. The
5588. Any assistance will be greatly appre
logo should have an Indian motif and be
ciated by CMIA and the people it will be
suitable to represent all activities o f the offhelping.
reservation social service association.
CMIA to play
Santa Claus
HA’
^ING A CHAT at Central Maine Indian Association supper meeting are board
members Ramona Stackhouse, left, and Helen Devoe.
Will Rogers
was a Cherokee
�
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
<em>Wabanaki Alliance</em> (November 1979)
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Indian Resource Center
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1979-11
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Donald Soctomah
Julia Brush
Language
A language of the resource
English
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Document
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
pdf
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
DV-408
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Passamaquoddy Cultural Museum
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Steve Cartwright. Used with permission.