9 10 189 https://www.dawnlandvoices.org/collections/files/original/69d17d27b8c69317ba6b4afda3184942.pdf 62e767e166b65f3a6b3f4a0524620320 PDF Text Text TE w V OLUME 1, NUMB�R MAY 10 AL�'INDI AN SCHOOLS OK 1 d; 1967 CURTI S ASKS A ID Maine I ndian reserv ation schools were cleared dednesday of suspi cion that they v iolate the federal desegregation laws, and G ov . Curtis immedia tely asked for more money to improv e them. , The decision by the U.S. Office of Education aftar an on site inspect­ ion and study in F eb ruary was reported by telephone to E dLcati on Co�wi ssioner William T. Logan Jr. , who rai sed the question in the first place. Logan said he didn't,nake a com plaint but rai sed the question to av oid the possib ili ty of loss of all f ederal education aid in case a v iolation �ere-determined later. The federal inspectors f ound other fa ults with the school s but no civ il rights v iolation. They said a +etter giv ing detail s of their findings and recommendations wa s mailed Tuesda y. Curtis sent a note to Sen. Richard N . Berry, R-Ca�e El izabeth, chair­ man of the Appropria tions Co mmittee, asking him to include all three reserva­ tion schools in b udget proposal s still being co nsidered by the cow�ittee ."I'm v ery happy that the question o f whether Mai ne was v iolating e..ny civ il rights laws has been cleared up, 11 Curtis said. '"Now thc..t the matter is sett­ >. led, I hope the legislature will do a s much as it can to prov i de for more ed­ ucational f acilities f or the reserv ations. '' �he decision wa s reported only a short time after Curtis-completed a breakfast conf erenpe with the gov erno rs of the Indian reserv ations and I ndian A f f airs Coamissioner Edward C. Hinckley, all of whom were jubilant about the civ il rights clearance. G ov . John Stev ens of Feter Dana Point, G ov . ·J o seph o. !·!itche11· o f Pleasadt Point and Gov . Jo hn-l:. Mitchell Sr. o� I ndia n I sla nd, Old Torn, attended. Curt�s said the meeting s�t up guidelines f or exploratio n of federal programs that migbt a id the approxima�ely 1,200 I ndians on the reserv ati ons and Boo in the genera l �opulation. Clyde Bartlett, directo r of the Of fice o f E conomic Opportunity, will meet with f ederal official s of sev eral agencies to try to dev elop welfare and j ob oppo rtunities. Logan said he \1a s told o f the federal decision 'Uy '£heron Johnson, attorney for tI1e O ffice of E qua l Education Opportnni ties in tl1e U.s. Of fice o f· E ducation. Sin ce 1830, the Roman Catholic Sisters of i'iercy h2.v e run fhe reserva­ tion schools g·iying iJo th religious and secul ar education. For t�1e past two years, the schools hav e been under the stip_rv ision of LoGan's department. Under the 1964 Civ il Rights A ct, states which do not c;,fr ord equa l and that means reacially (Fd.c) integrated - op11ortunities can lose all f ederal education grants. Since the rese1·va ti on l)Upil s At·e aJ �10st all Indians , togan w::in r�.arf11 l that a t:cchn i en l v.i o l :it-inn "i' the civil rights �ct might �xil';t. (r.ont.:i n11cd on Page 2) . · • I �(Schools OK1d, continued from page 1) (2) He said the Indian families are free to send t}eir childr�n to regul­ ar public schools if they wish, but that doesn't necessarily satisfy federal l aw. So he raised the question now settled by the federal office� Logan said he will no0 oppose a bill scheduled to transfer the for hearing Thursday, Indian J ffairs Depart,;-.ent, reservation schools to the intend­ ed to avoid risking other Education Department funds. Before the federal inspection last winter Logan said there is no ques­ tion but �h2t better education could be afforded in public schools than in the one-room schools on the reservations. tional and religious problems'' But, he said ti�eJ.�e are involved in such a move. three ne rv classrooL1s each in Eas.tport, Old Perry and 11 cultural, emo­ Also it would re�uire Tmm to handle the extra children. Most Pas a�aquoddy children attend school on their two reservations To attend hit;h �hool they ilould 11 through tl1e eight grade. public schools and few do so, he s&id. ve tu tre1.nsfer to The Fe 1obscot Indian Island reserva­ tion educates its children through the.· f.ifUJ:, �de d then tl•ey transfer to Old Town public schools. Indian leaders were indignant over the idea of such a change. John Mitchell of the Penobscot tribe called it "a slap in the lenged the face'' Gov. and chal­ federal government 's authority to order it on the 0round that the Penobscots are an independent nation. (Fro� the Press Herald, 4/20/67) PENOBSCOT AIRhAN V IS ITS TO"i/N, riE. -Sgt. OLD Sgt. in the Air For11osa, .lliILE ON Ll=.AVE Paul Ranco returned to his hor.ie on Indian Island after a nine year absence, having been leave on the HOME rith the Air Force. He Sjent his Island visiting friends and relati es. v Ranco is currently stationed in Force for 12 .Jashington, yeclrs.Re has been stationed in Japan, and Viet Nam). D.C., h�ving been the Far East (Korea, lie has also toured the South Pacific. ie is a iileteorologist. M.F.w.c. CHAMPION INDIAN The Chairman oi the Department of eration of Vfo.µ1en's Clubs, Mrs. CAUSE. Indian Affairs for the Maine Fed­ Oscar R. Wyman, related to the Newsletter, the various activities of the club for the Indians. There are seven to eight thousand women.represented in the organization, and Mrs. spea.r-headed the A young y�an had following projects. Indian student was able to cofilplete this year $381.50. provided $100.00 lege in Bangor with funds of The J�nior Clubs to pay t Husson Col­ for tutoring and personal things for an Indian girl at Washingto-n &tate- Gol>lege. · Ot!ier liloneys and gifts and liters of encoura?._·ement were sent to her. Was much help in securing free tuitirin for qualified Indian students to attend the state's colleges. ation granted besides free After much effort, the State Board of Educ­ tuition at V-T Institutes and Colleges, free tuiLion for Practical Nursing,plus one free scholarship for roon1 and board at each of the schools where this facility is available. Supporting the bill to �t a Comrnissioner of Indian Affairs appointed, and now writing letters in sup�ort of the budget and projects. Secured much very good clothing for the two Reservations. Gave talks at several clubs and organizations regardL1g Indian pro- bl ems. , (C9ntin�ed on page 15) �(3) D E I T. 0 R I A L S THE MAINE IND IAN l'l'EWS LETTER EDITOR-EUGENIA T. THOMPSON (Penobscot ) The Maine Indian New sletter is Maine's only state-wide Indian and is publ�shed monthly and is f ree of charge. newsletter, New s and stories may be submitted to the Newsletter f or publication at the f ollowing address : Pine Street, Freeport, Maine 04032. Lette rs to the Editor are w elcome bu t mu st conf orm to the rules re­ quired by every newspaper. They mu st bear the writer's correct name and address although pen names are per.. ·itted at t·ie discretion of the . Editor. A ll letters must be signed though narues will be withheld f rom p ublication on request. Pref erence will be given to lettGrs not over 350 words in length. Letters are subject to condensation or editing w hen space limitations require and to correction of grailliiJ.er or obviou s * * * * * * * errors. A REAL LIVE INDI?..N The Badge Tha t I Wear "Is you r wif e a f oreigner?" asked the acquaintance we had just been introdu ced to at the laundroLlat. "No, she's not. She's an Indian; more American than you or I," my husband proudly replied. dhat caiile over her eyes was an ex:;_..iressio1r of surprise f or having come f ace- to- f ace with an Indian she did not recogni�e. In our minds is a pictu re that cannot e�sily be changed; that is, one of stereotype. �e rely too �uch on an ancient conce1t of seeing an Indian, all decked ou t in leather and f eathers, bee. d e and m occasins, black hair and-bronze skin. On another occa sion , even the f ive year old who brou ght his f riends in to see his Indian babysitter, wasn't sure I wa s an Indian, u ntil I gave a w ar- v1hoop. Scampering away, they were convinced I vvas a "redl live Indian. 11 · �hile we cou ld dress like ou r ancestors did centuries ago, an d live as they did, we cannot do so w ithou t a f eeling of desolation. F or although we have the costumes, ou r stage is goner the beau tif u l f orests, the p�entifu l game, u ntainted streams and undisturbed burial grounds. Because of my assimilation into the world ou tside of the reservation, I mu st proud ly point to the badge that I wear - that of being a "real live Indian. 11 l\fhile taking every adva ntage of education an'd experience which the w orld outside the reservation off ers, I cannot fort:;et what u1ight have been. I might have been asking thj s new Etc<1wd ntance if she were a foreigner. + + + + + + + WILL YOU HELP? On pa g es 15 and 16 of this month's issu e is an article telling abou t the proposed programs of the D iv ision of V olunteers Services. Many of the people in this grou p are people who live close to the IndiBns on our three reservati ons here in lvlaine, and they unde rstand the needs of the Indian. Their progra;;1s aee not geared 11}-0 re ly to do .something "for" the (Coutinued 011 page li-) �( 4) I (Will You Help, Cont'd from page 3 ) Indians, but rather the aim is to help the Indian to help hiMself. The Workcarnpers may give swimming lessons or they may organiz.e the l' �inting of a building, or teach adult education classes, but .:hatever tl e roject it has been seen in the past that the Indians are right t:1ere ta:·i,1g pert, learning things which they y/ill use later on to help the,.1.s··.lves. Now, here is vhere you and I can help. There is still a large deficit which must be met before the project will be successful. Svery dollar you send in will be used for the Workcamp projects. Thus you know your gift is being used for what you want it to be used for. This is so imfortant today when fund raising is often Big Business and much of the money we give goes ·inte·�t3h�·· .. fnnd raiser's own pocket. This very fact has· pr-0�:p.ete9. .my family to be more selective in our giving. This Worlccamp project is just the t�__of �reject we feel we would like to contribute toward because when we send five doll s to this�lindian project we know the whole five dollars will be used for the project and not just a dollar fifty or t\lo dollars, as we often read about in many larger fund drives around the country. Rev. Romeo St. Pierre You htay send your donation to P.O. Box 560 Old Town, iaine, 04468 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ RAMPAGE ON RAMPARTS While L1uch of the segment of the Rampart magazine on the Passamaquoddy Indian is true, it is nevertheless misleading. As 1•ne can see by the daily newspapers, the Indian Commissioner, while he is arpointed by the Governor, is not a"aere puppet, keeping his 'children 1 quiet". Rather it \rnuld api;:.ear that the Governor of Maine has tried on occasion to keep the Indian Co1Illniss­ ioner quiet. Commissioner Edward c. Hinckley has been very active in estab­ lishing a good Indian program through the tlepartQent of Indian Affairs The article also mentions the Passamaquoddys1 lawyer, Don Cotesworth Gellers. In personal interviews I've had with man�· of the Passamaquoddys, I found there ·�Rs a dispute as to just whom Attorney Gellers reprasents. Two Passamaquoddy Governors apparently siGned a retainer enlisting the services of Attorney Gellers. A l�ter tribal Governor denied that his predecessor had th� authority to bind the tribe in this manner. The claim was th_t the.former governor merely represente.d his office until bis term expired. It's too bad that this can't be cleared up because Attorney Gellers is perfor: 1ing an arduous· :task.. whi,cjl !llay prove to have a profound effect on the tribe. nore profound than any event·since-the � � gning of the original �· treaty with Mas...;achusetts in 1794. The article implies that everyone is against the Passau.aquoddy Indian. This simply �s not true. Anyone reading any iswue of the Newsletter will find evidence to the ,e�ntrary. ,Jhile it is true that there is )rejudice against the Passamaquoddy it ;Ls just as true that there are 1·,1any people sincerely dedicated to understanding the Passamaquoddy �nd in helping the Indian people alleviate SOL.le of the problems brought about by past inconsiderations. LABOR SHORTAGE ? It came to my attention that several Canadian Indians had been im- , ported and hired to work for Lipman's Poultry Plant in Augusta, Maine. Be­ tween this and the Tibetans mentioned on page 16 (wnich is adequately cover­ ed by George LaPorte' s letter below) one would think that a real labor : (Continued on page 17) . ·. �(5 ) NAACP TO STUDY PROBLEMS OF MAINE'S IND IA}S by Mar j or i e Sin c l air The prob l ems of Maine Ind ian s wi l l be s tud ied by the Na t ional Associati on for the Advanc emen t of Co lored Peop le. B o s t on at torney Ke e sler H. Montgomery, pre s ident of the New Eng land Regional Conference of Branche s , NAACP, said here Fr iday nigh t that recen t newspaper repor t s have led hi s organ izat ion to be l i eve some "Maine Indian tribe s are abu sed and vir tua l ly ignored." He acknowledged tha t the NAACP " i s unenl igh tened" abou t Ma ine Indians Af ter and ther e fore wi l l make a very in t en s ive s t udy of the s i tuat i on. tha t , t he group i n t end s to ask for governmen t ac t i on , he s aid. Montgomery spoke at a pre s s c onfer ence before the open ing of the 29th annual New Eng land Regional Conference of NAACP. . .. (From t he Por t l and Pr e s s Herald , 4/22/6 7 ) INDIANS MAKE NO CLAIMS T O RIVER BANKS Governor John Mi tche l l of the Penob s c o t Tr ibe t o l d The Time s thi s we ek that his r eference tu s ix mi l e s of Ind ian-owned land on b o th s ide s of the Penob s c o t River had been h i s t or i c a l , and he had had no i n t en t ion of implying that the Indian s now have c l aim t o t he land. Repor t s ou t of a hear ing in Augu s t a, he ld Mar ch 30 before the Indu s t r i al and Recreat ional Deve lopme n t Commi t t ee , had ind i c a t ed that Governor Mi tche l l ' opposed a propo sed s t ate park and wi ld l ife con s ervat ion ar e a along the r iver shor e s b e tween Old Town and Howland because the Penob s co t s s t i l l con ­ s id ered the r iver banks their proper ty. Governor Mi t che l l said t h i s had not b een his meani ng. He said he r eferred to the t ime when the Ind ian s d id own both s ides of the r iver to ex­ p l ain why the Ind i an s now oppo se any propo s ed legi s l at ion which they fear might fur t her encr oach on their l ands , which ar e now r educed to the i s lands in the r iver . He said he and his Tr ibal Coun c i l are wary of the propo sed new s t ate park un le s s the l eg i s l a t ion spe c i f i c ally exc l�d e s the Indian-own ed i s l and s. The Ind ians also feared , he said , tha t the pr opo s ed park wou ld deny them the ir pre s ent privi lege s of u s ing the river banks f or hun t ing and fish ing. (From the Penob s c o t Time s, Old Town , 4/1 3/6 7 ) "FORT LARAMI E AND THE SIOUX INDIANS" i s the name of a new book , pub l i shed by Pren t ice Ha l l , and wr i t ten by Remi Na­ deau . " Thi s .l a t e s t c on t r ibu t ion to the Amer i can For t Ser i e s as p l anned by the late S tewar t Holbrook i s wi thout que s t ion.the b e s t so far." "Author Remi Nade au has comb ined hi s t a len t s of a wr i t er and hi s t or i an t o come up with a book tha t shou ld a t t rac t a l l tho s e fas c inated wi th the open ­ ing of the we s t . " "As t he t i t l e ind i c a te s , Fort Lar ami e and the Plains Indian� were in t er ­ tang l ed The s t ory Nad e au r ecoun t s i s a fami l i ar one .. . Bas ically i t i s the Ind ian who is the v i c t im : o f treat i e s he did no t ful ly comprehend and wh ich the whi t e man qui ckly broke , of venal agen t s who s o ld him forb idden liquor and gun s , of rash y oung army off icers who b e l i eve the on ly good Redman was a d e ad one " "Nadeau does n o t pai n t the Ind ian as an ent ire ly nob l e s avage; af ter a l l they a l s o had the ir s c oundr e l s and ho t -head s. Bu t compared to the cr iree s commi t ted on them, par t i cu lar ly the women and chi ldren , one mu s t confe s s that j u s t i c e and humanene s s were general ly ignored when the whi te man deal t wi th the Ind ian " (From the Por t l and Expr e s s , 4/ 1 7 / 6 7 , P Y Norman Fourn ier ) • • . • . • . . �(6) "THEY TALK ABOUT FREEDOM" by Edwin Miller "When I look in the mirror every morning," Buffy-Sainte-Marie states gravely, standing five feet two, her brown eyes steady against a dark skin and coal black hair, "I know I'm not the same. When I was a child I never felt separate because I was'an Indian. I don't think of myself as an Indian now. I think of myself .as me. But if you look the way I do, walking down a street is difficult. People stop you and ask why you are wherever you are. Smile at a child and you're taken for some kind of pervert. You have to keep moving."· "They talk about freedom. But it's the freedom for the majority they are really talking about, freedom for the white man. In a clean-shaven society, a man with a beard is felt to be a trouble-maker. Because he thinks dif­ ferently, he may feel superior and that makes society nervous. If �veryone wore beards, a clean-shaven man would have the same effect. The white man wants everyone who isn't white to think white. I'm not saying that one way is better than another; but a man should be allowed to think his own way with­ out being put down for it." "Nobody even knows how many Indians there are in this country or Canada. There might be five hundred thousand; there might be ninety; there are no accurate records. If an Indian has a child, he feels it's his own business, not that of the government. Very few white people realize what it means to be an Indian. If you ask to speak your own language (there are approximately two hundred Indian languages in the United States and Canada) in a courtroom, you're told to speak in English. In the schools, everywhere. An Indian child is taken from its family at the age of six and sent to a white school and thoroughly brainwashed so that his attitudes toward his own background, his owa culture and his own people are turned upside down." "I was asked, along with educators and Negro leaders, to �e a member of a panel in Arizona on a Sargent Shriver project called Upward Bound, to help deprived children continue in school. When the call went out for people to apply, one Indian showed up. Nobody even managed to get the information around to those who needed the help! Indian kids drop out of school at twelve. When they look at the white culture, they say, 'Oh, who needs it?' - but they still want some of the goodies of the American system they see all around them. They're demoralized before they reach fifteen or sixteen years old." "Lots of white teen-agers don't know what it means to be deprived. I don't mean that .you can't buy a party dress. I mean you may not be able to do your homework because the electricity has to be shut off at nine o'clock in the evening. Or you may not be able to do your homework because you have a job in the evenings to help you stay in school; or you may not be able to stay in school at all." "Some -people call me a protest singer. r've written only four songs with social content, The Universal Soldier, against war, and Welcome, Welcome Emigrante, about Mexican wetback labor, and two on the Indians, Now That the Buffalo's Gone and My Country 'Tis of Thy People You're Dying, which I hate to sing at a concert. After I'm finished, I feel as if I've been put through a wringer." "People liked the first Indian song. ,It was nostalgic, it .had sentiment, it pictured the Indian as a poor slob and it appealed to them. People hate the second. They come backstage to tell me never to sing it again. They say, that's about my grandfather - he was a good man, a good Christian, he - fought the Indians but we don't have anything to do with that. At the same time in California the big fishing interests are upset, afraid they'll lose a few extra dollars because Indians fish for salmon with their traditional (Continued on Page 7) �(7 ) "THEY TALK (Continued from Page 6 ) • • • • Tell people the Bureau of Indian Affairs was set up to wipe nets, for food. Genocide, that had t? do with out the Indians and they say you're mistaken. Genocide was But they're wrong. not with us. the Germans and the Jews, the policy of the United States government a hundred years ago when they sold the Indians blankets that had been taken from.the beds of soldiers dying of smallpox and tuberculosis.11 "All over the United States they're building dams on Indian land because some business-man says, I've got �oney to make and investments to protect Or ln Canada they'll put a highway directly and Indian land is cheap. through a reservation, and then come the motels and the diners an_d the res­ , taurants and the gas stations· nobody asks the Indian whether he wants it; he t.fuy don' t They won't even hire him to work on tpe road gang. is just told. • '---.Y honor the treaties and leave the Indian alone?" "Anu.c,>pnl C'gists come in and dig up Indian graves - go up to some white Protestant church and say you're going to dig in the cemetery for a field survey; can you see the expression on those faces? But nobody cares if it's an Indian. The government prefers dead Indians. And if they're not dead, if the spirit's gone, it's just as good. All you have is a living corpse. They admire the AinerJcan eagle for his fine flight and pursue him for his wings. Cut his throat, stuff him and mount him on the wall and then they say, Yeah! We've got an eagle! " "My only goal is to tell the American people how Americans are treating the Indian - whether or not they want to hear." "I'm of Saskatchewan Plains Cree descent, but I was brought up by foster parents in New England. You couldn't tell they were part Micmac Indian. They look like Europeans. We lived in Maine and Wakefield, Massachusetts; my ' father was a refrigerator mechanic. When I was small, I liked being by my­ self. My brother was five years older than I, so I was just the pest as far as he was concerned. My parents had a beat-up old piano and gave him lessons which he didn't want - and after he finished I would go over and play every­ t hing he was supposed to. A teacher said I knew how t� play naturally, but I wasn't interested in mlisic." (Continued next month) • ANCIENT 1INDIAN RELICS DISCOVERED DURING SEWER MAIN INSTALLATION LACONIA, N.H. - Work on the installation of sewer mains under The Weirs recently yielded treasures dating back 25 to 30 centuries The relics w ere identified by Solon Colby of Meredith, president of the N.H. Archaeologic-· al Society and noted authority on Indian history. A perfectly shaped arrow head and .a stone skinning knife were the prize finds.1 Colby explained that The Weirs was a year round residence of the Indians until 1695 when they moved first to the Ossipee Lake area and then to the Chocurua region. He said at least 1 0,000 artifacts have been found in the channel area where the Indians gathered ·for the shad runs. (Submitted by a reader) 1• Channel • • • • • • • NATIONAL INDIAN YOUTH COUNCIL MEETS WITH COMMISSIONER BENNETT IN DENVER To�ay's young.Indian wants to stay on the reservation, but is even more determined to improve his lot in life, the executive director of the National I ndian Youth Council said in Denver in February. (Continued on Page 8) �(8) NATIONAL INDIAN YOUTH COUNCIL (Continued from Page 7) • • • • Mel Thom said this is the basic problem with which some 32 delegates from across the nation and from Alaska were struggling in· a two day session at the Olin Hotel. On hand to listen and to garner ideas from the young people was Robert L. Bennett, Commissioner of the Bureau of Indian Affairs in Washington, "What the Indian youth today wants are self-sustaining communities, not "They want a viable society which poverty-stricken reservations, 11 Thom said. can exert its influence on American life. The Indian community wants to be integrated into the white man's society as a community and the Indian does not want the best of his traditions lost by destroying the reservation ."•••• "There is a real intense interest among the younger Indians about edu­ "They want to have a part in the shaping cation, 11 Commissioner Bennett said. of the future." The Commissioner is setting in with many different Indian gl"<mps of all ages across the country to get a well-rounded idea of the prob­ lems as they are presented from different points of view. "The young generation sees the loss of family members and schoolmates and the poverty and sickness all around them, 11 Thom said. "They also see the opportunities in today's society and they feer"what they are missing. They feel the older leadership is lax in taking advantage of these opportunities. 11 Thom said attempts by many white men to solve the so-called "Indian problem" by moving them off reservations and assimilating them into the white man 1 s society simply does not work. "They aren't assimilated, in the first place, 11 he said. "The Indian off the r eservation is just shoved into a ghetto in the white man's community. 11 He said, however, that lack of opportunities for youth have forced many young Indians to leave the reservation. This becomes a vicious circle be­ cause when the educated youth leaves, this drains the Indian community of its young, aggressive leadership. All who are left are the old people and the children. Both Thom and Commissioner Bennett said the development of job opportun­ ities is one of the most pressing problems facing the Indian s and the Bureau ••• (From Indian Ti.mes, Denever, Colorado, March, 1967) e SKOWHEGAN GROUP SEEKS ACCURACY The March issue of the Newsletter (Page 9) reported on the plans of the Skowhegan Tourist Hospitality Association to erect a hand-carved wooden JO-foot statue of an Indian in the vicinity of Skowhegan. Early reports of this · project which appeared in the Waterville Sentinel indicated that some consider­ ation was �eing given to the suggestion that it would be "a disaster" to use a Maine Indian as a model; that the statue should be "a gloriously colorful American Indian, loaded with showmanship" rather than a "drab" Maine Indian. Commissioner and Mrs. Edward Hinckley met with the Association on April 19th, and the Newsletter is happy to learn that the group is officially com­ mitted to a statue that will be historically and artistically accurate. At the request of the Association, Hinckley has asked six different authorities to collect information regarding the Indians who once lived in the Skowhegan He area and send it to the artist, Mr. Bernard Langlais, of Cushing, Maine. has also pledged his support of later projects involving the distribution of accurate information a bout Maine Indians, and the display and sale of authentic Maine Indian arts and crafts, once the statue is completed. The authorities whom Hinckley has contacted are: Dr. Richard Einerick, Professor of Anthropology, University of Maine; Dr. Willard Walker·, Professor of Anthropology, Wesleyan University; Dr. Alvin Morrison, Professor of Sociology and Anthropology, Westtrook Junior College; Mr. Eugene Bouchard, Technician, (Continued on Page 11) ��· , I � I ..J; .... I "THE INDIAN HAS A WORD FOR IT" OLD RECORDS 7BLL HOW INDIAN LANDS ACQUIRED (The following account of the Indians, now known as the Penobscot Tribe, is taken from "The History of the State of Maine" by William D. Williamson, published in / 183 9 . ) The Tarratines have probably, . of their principal village. resting place, at different periods, shifted the situation At the,mouth of the Kenduskeag, they had a coDmlon when the white people first �ettled in the vicinity to wh�ch they were, of human bodies, from habit, strongly attached. also flint spears, - a place Here the mouldering reltcs stone implements of labor, and Indian paint dust have been .accidentally disinterred, after a burial for an·unknown peri.od of time. A league above the mouth of Kenduskeag stream, ' and near the westerly bank of the Penobscot, are undoubted appearances of an old village, perhaps the ancient "Negas." The English call it "Fort Hill." Here are the cavi­ ties of several cellars, and the·remains of two or three broken stone chim­ nies. The site is a flat of elevated ground, water, formed by nature, When it was destroyed, traditional, with a gradual slope to the an eligible place for a fortification. or abandoned, gives us entire satisfaction. no account, either historical or According to some reports, ( Continued on Page 10) it was �(10) OW RECORDS TELL (Continued from Page 9) • • • • burned by the Mohawks: but with much more reason, it is supposed to have been laid in ruins by a party of New England solQiery, about a century past. It was certainly inhabited since Europeans have visited the river; for in the tillage of the land, the plough has turned out such things as the utensils of cookery, bullet moulds, pincers, and other articles of hardware, which must have been the workmanship of modern artisans. The plains in the vicinity, according to the statements of the oldest settlers, originally exhibited all the appearance of having been, at some unknown time, the cornfields of the natives. In later years, Indian Oldtown has been their village and altogether the place of their greatest resort. Its situation is upon the southerly end of an island in Penobscot river, twelve miles above the mouth of the Kenduskeag, being partially cleared and containing about 350 acres of very rich and mellow land. At the close of the American revolution, the village contained between 40.and 50 wigwams, about equally divided b�.:::f street five rods in width, which passed east and west across the Island; quite compact on each side, and con­ structed after the old Gothic fashion with the gable ends towards the street. These slender cabins, which have been gradually decreasing in number, are us­ ually built and occupied by a family, including all the descendants of a father living, unless some of them choose to construct others for themselves. Through a short avenue southerly from the main street, is their church or chapel, 40 feet by 30 feet in dimensions, and one story in height, with a porch, a cupola, and a bell. It is covered with clapboards and glazed. Fronting the door within, are the desk and altar, two large candlesticks, and some other articles of service, after the catholic forms; upon the wall behind are the images of our Blessed Saviour and some of the primitive saints; and on the rig ht and left of the desk, are seats for the elders; otherwise the worshippers male and female, who uniformly convene on the sabbath, and frequently for prayers on other days when a priest is with them, both sit and kneel upon the floor, which is always covered with evergreens. But the present edifice, which has been built since the revolution, is said to be far from comparing with their former one, either in size or appearance. Northerly of the chapel, 20 rods, is their burying place, in which stands a cross, 15 or 18 feet ip height. In its standard post, six feet from the ground, is carved an aperture, 5 inches by 3 in compass and 4 deep, securely covered with glass, enclosing an emblematical form of the Virgin Mary with the infant Immanuel in her arms. At the head of each grave is placed a cruc­ ifix of wood, which is abou·t two or three feet high and very slender; - a mem­ orial borrowed from the catholics. The Tarratines were neutrals in the war of the revolution; - in return Massachusetts protected them, and prohibited all trespasses upon their lands, six miles in width on each side of the Penobscot, from the head of the tide upwards. She has since at different times ade large purchases of their lands - until they are left the owners only of four townships - a few acres on the ·east side of the Penobscot opposite to the mouth of the Kenduskeag, and the Islands between Old-town and Passadumkeag, 28 in number, containing 2, 6]0 acres. (Continued next month) WOMEN HEAR TALK ON INDIANS YARMOUTH - Mrs. Walter Moulton of Kennebunk will speak on the Passamaquod­ dy Indians at a 1 p.m. meeting tomorrow of the Afternoon Alliance in the Univer­ salist vestry. (From the Portland Express, 4/19/67) �(11) SKOWHEGAN GROUP • • • • • (Continued from Page 8) Maine State House Museum; Dr. Wendall Hadlock, Director, Farnsworth Museum, Rockland; and Mr. Roger Gabriel, Passamaquoddy student at the Sahta Fe Institute of American Indian Arts. 'IH£ TOUCH OF SWEETGRASS by A. E. Mcinnis As far back as I can remember I would pick up my mother's sewing basket and, holding it close to my nose,_ brer:tt.he the ·::mmrru=n•y·i=;f'Pn+. nf +.hP ,..,lrl �wP.et­ What I loved in tne grass braids. I could not ever g et enough of its smell. smell was Indian, for I thought Indian, played Indian, r ead Indian, until I almost believed I was an Indian. I watched Maine1s sweetgrass As I grew my lov� for sweetgrass remained. Indians - the Passamaquoddies - g athering it, their hands darting rike birds. Finally they would lift great scented shags of sweetgrass and walk home to the Pleasant Point Reservation at Perry, Maine. They walked beside the road slowly, the grass rounded over their backs, covering them with a glistening olive-green But coat that left the air redolent long ·after they had passed from my· sight. when I went .into the salt marsh.to the exact place where they had 'been, I could not find a single blade of sweetgrass! The s weetgrass that stir s a boy's senses and imagination with delight is not exclusive to Maine. Our sweetgrass, Hierochole borealis, is one of eight species found only in northern Europe and North America. Its common names other t han sweetgrass are vanilla grass, Seneca grass and holy grass. It is found f rcm Newfoundland to Alaska, south to New Jersey and w est to Colorado. In northern Europe in olden days peasants sold bunches of sweetgrass to be hung in bedrooms because it was believed to have a mysterious power of in­ ducing sleep. On religious festivals, Europeans scattered sweetgrass before churches and placed scented sheaves of it on the paths leading to shrines of the saints - hence its name of holy grass. In the ancient Scottish marriage rite of handfasting, a couple sat before their friends with the right hand of the man tied to the left hand of the woman with sweetgrass. Here in Mairie sweetgrass has so long a history that stone knives excavated from Indian sites sometimes glisten on the cutting edge. This polish has been determined to be1an overlay of silica granules - the substance which streng­ ' thens and hardens the s tems of grass - deposited, perhaps 1,000 years ago, on the stone knives used by Maine Indians for cutting sweetgrass. In my growing years I ceraa of an age to seek people as friends, and so it was that I discovered Joe Nicholas. Joe is· many things. He has been delegate to the State Legislature, organizer and director of a revival of the old Passa­ maquoddy dances. He is a barber in the nearby city of Eastport. But first, last and always, Joe is a Passamaquoddy with a strong pride in his r ace and love for its traditions. ing sense of humor. "If you are Indian; is no such thing. Joe's personality is made who�e by a unique and refresh­ In our joking back and 'forth, I prodded Joe many times. show me some real live sweet.grass growing. I think there It's just part of the Indian hocus-pocus, another joke opon his brother white man!" Joe always grinned. "You wait," he promised. I'll show you some sweetgrass growing." "When the right time comes, OUr two families, Joe's and mine, had a picnic we shall not f orget out on the b eautiful salt water point near the reversing falls in' West Pembroke. our meal I again needled Joe, �sking for a showdown concerning sweetgrass. After Instead of joking back, Jne and his son Steve indicated that I was t o f•llow them. (Continued on Page 12) �( 1 2) (Continued from Page 1 1 ) W e walked from the picnic area and approached a grassy swale beside the falls, now roaring with the incoming tide. Father and son stopped at an especially thick growth of grass. Joe asked 'softly, "Can you see it?" I could not see anything but a lot of grass that I had seen many times before. Steve Nicholas spoke in the musical way that all young Indians have, "See it shining?" I could see it shining It was as if the scales fell from my eyes! as no other grass ever could: olive-green ripples of satiny grass blades, showing the way of the seawind upon erect stems about 20 inches tall! I knew why Joe and Steve remained so quiet, because i, too, had a feeling of revela­ tion. One by one, I picked my first sweetgrass blades, grasping at their shell-pink bases and pulling quickly. July stained the farthest corners of the salt meadow with blue, and swelled beginning baYoerries with a deeper green than ever could be imagined. The world was all braided together with the bird-sound, the heavy-footed sea roaring down the incline of the salt water falls in thundering majesty and spray, and the air was heavy with the glorious scent of my g�owing hank of sweetgrass. Joe quietly jogged me with a reminder of the time, and also that we should go to have our sweetgrass combed. We went to the small home of Mitchell Francis, now aged ninety-six, who lives with his affable son, Louis, (former) Joe explained to me that Mitchell was Lieutenant-Governor of Pleasant Point. one of the last men among the Passamaquoddies to occupy himself exclusively with gathering sweetgrass. Now only a few men and children gather it sporadic­ ally. (To be continued next month) AMERICAN INDIANS OFFERED LAW SCHOOL SCHOLARSHIPS A new scholarship progrc3Il1 for the study of law is being offered to Ameri­ can Indians by the University of New Mexico School of law. The value of each scholarship will be in excess of $4, 000 - in addition to tuition. Stu­ dents who are selected from the program will receive room, board, travel and book stipends, a living allowance, and tuition. To qualify for the scholarship, the applicant must be an .American Indian and must have completed at least two years of college. The selection will be based upon the applicant's college record,-his apparent aptitude for law, and his interest in the program. Recommendations from those who know the applicant and who are familiar with his work will be given considerable weight. A total of 15 scholarships will b e given for the summer session of 1967 at the University of New Mexico Law School. It has been planned that from 10 to 12 of these scholarships will be given to applicants who have received their college degrees, and the remainder will pe granted to students who have completed at least their sophomore year. Only those who have completed college will be eligible to enter law school in the fall of 1967. Each appli9ant will be interviewed by a represent-ative of the law school. The program is federally supported. The schedule of study in the law school will be intensive, including regular law school courses and special courses designed to develop skills neces­ sary .for superior performance. Legal writing will be emphasized. All inquiries to the program should be addressed to Prof. F. M. Hart at the University of New Mexico School of Law in Albuquerque. ( From the Navajo Times, 4/27/67) �(13) LEGI SLATIVE REPORT The legi s i'a t ive Commi t tee on Ind ian Affair s held i t s f inal hear ing on Pr e s ented for d i scu s s ion were two b i l l s : L . D . No . 6 9 7 - "AN ACT May 2nd . Re lat ing to the Educat ion of Ind ian Chi ldren Living on Reserva t i on s , " and "AN ACT R e l a t ing to Educat ion of Indi an s . " L . D . No . 1155 Rep . Rob er t Soulas (R-Bangor ) pres ented L . D . No . 69 7 , exp l a in ing that he had been r e que s ted to submi t this b i l l when it appeared that the S t a t e might be forced to c lose the Res erva tion s choo l s b ecau s e o f U. S . Of f i c e o f Edu ca t i on He was pleased that thi s ma t ter concerns abou t the Civi l Righ t s Ac t of 1964 . led on the De par tment o f Edu c a t i on had been c l eared up by the U . S . O . E . and cal to exp lain the ma t ter further . Mr . Ray Cook , repr e s en t ing Ed uca t i on Commi s s i oner Wi l l iam Logan (who was pr e s e n t a t the hear ing) exp l a ined an amendment t o the b i l l be ing requ e s ted The amendmen t: wou ld remove the emergency by the Dc p.ax: t men t o f Edu c a t ion . p.L N1 mh l e a nd c l au s e from the b i l l and wou ld change the word ing to read as fo l lows : "Fund s sha l l be provided to cons tru c t an a l l -purpose - l ibrary fac i l i t y and a c l a s sr oom o n each of t h e three Indian reserva t ions . " The t o t a l amount of money be ing reque s ted in the amended ver s ion of the b i l l i s $ 2 24 , 950 . I f approved , the s e funds would make pos s ib l e t he con s truc ­ Mr . t ion of one c la s sr oom and one mu l t i -purpo s e room on each re s erva t i on . Cook fur the r exp lained that one c l a s sroom for each re serva t ion s choo l had a l s o been r e qu e s ted in the Depar tmen t of Educa t ion ' s supp lemen tal budge t . If bo th the supplemen t a l budge t and L . D . No . 6 9 7 are approved by the legis lature , two c las srooms and a mul t i -purpos e room cou ld be cons truc ted ( and e quippe d ) on e a c h r e s ervat ion . The Commi t t e e raised some gener a l que s t ion s conerning pos s ib l e fu ture volun t ary tran s fe r of upper -grade Pas s amaquoddy s tuden t s to the schoo l s in Eas tpor t and Pr ince ton , as is pre s en t ly the case on the Penobs c o t Reservat ion , where s tuden t s above the 5 t h grade leve l a t tend schoo l s in Old Town . Mr . Cook made i t c le ar that the Depar tment of Educa t ion fe l t any such change shou ld be condu c t e d volun t ar i ly . Repr e s en t a t ive Warren Cookson ind icated tha t many p ar en t s had appeared to favor such a program dur ing the vi s i t s of the Interi� Study Commit te e on Ind i an Affair s ( o f the lO l s t Leg i s latur e ) to the ,Pas s ama­ quoddy Re s erva t ion s . Repr e s en t a t ive Ca ther ine Car swe l l expr e s sed the hope that the U. S . Office o f Educa t ion ' s general recommend a t i on s , referred t o in the Apr i l l e t ter from Mr . D avid S e e l ey to Commi s s i oner Logan ( See Apr i l News l e t t er ,' pag e s 2 1 - 2 2 ) , migh t be re ceived be fore the 1 03rd Leg i s lature adj ourned . Indian Commi s s i oner Edward Hinckley spoke as a proponent of the bi l l , dir e c t ing special at ten t ion t o the need for a mu l t i -purpos e room on each Res ervat ion , not only to benef i t the s choo l program , but a l s o to bene f i t other communi ty a c t ivi ti e s such as adu l t educat ion c l a s se s , communi ty mee tings , e tc . Penob s c o t Leg i s la t ive Repre sentat ive John Ne l s on , Pa s s amaquoddy Leg i s l at ive ­ Repr e s en t a t ive George Fran c i s , and Ind ian Town ship Res ervat ion Governor John S tevens a l s o t e s t i f ied in s uppor t of L . D . No . 69 7 . In answer to a que s t ion f rom Rep . Franc i s , Commi s s ioner Logan ind i c a t ed that - i f the b i l l were approved the new rooms s hould be avai �ab le for u s e by September 1 9 68 . Logan added tha t he f e l t the S ta te had a real re spon s ib i l i ty to br ing the r eservat ion s choo l s to the same s t andard of ade quacy as i s the c a s e in o ther unorgani zed t erri tori e s , whi ch are admini s t ered a l s o by the D epar tmen t o f Educ a t ion . No opponen t s appeared agains t L . D . No ; . 69 7 . L . D . No . 1155 was pre s en t ed by Senator Jo seph S ewa l l (R- Penob s co t Coun ty ) . It had been sugge s ted t o him by Rep . John Ne l s on . The int en t of the b i l l a s draf ted i s t o make p o s s ib l e S tate paymen t of tui t i on for Indian adu l t educ at ion ( Con t inued on Page 14) - �( 14 ) ( Con t inued from Page 1 3 ) Commi s s ioner Hinckley exp lained a n amendmen t to t h e b i l l (ac tual ly a new draf t ) that had been worked ou t with Mr . John . Moran , D irec t or of Adu l t Edu c a t i on f or the S t ate . The new draf t o f the b i l l wou ld read a s f o l lows : "Any memb er of the Penob s c o t or Pa s s amaquoddy Tr ib e s of Ind ian s , r e s i d ing wi thin the s t a te , over t he age of 1 6 , who i s not in a t tendance at any pub l i c scho o l and who has no t comp l e t ed Grade 1 2 , may enr o l l in any vocat ional , avoc a t i ona l , highs choo l d ip l oma or highs choo l e quiva lency program wi thin the s t ate . Fu l l t u i t ion for such s t uden t s sha l l be paid by the S t� t e De par tmen t of Educ a t ion . " Hinckley exp lained that the or iginal dra f t of the b i l l wou ld only have app l ied t o Ind ian s re s i d ing o f f the Res erva t ions , whereas the new draf t wou ld a l s o bene f i t Ind ians l iving �the Res erva t ions who wi shed to enro l l for adu l t edu c a t ion cour s e s be ing o f fered i n nearby towns . Mr . Cook exp lained that the in i t i a l dr a f t of the b i l l conf l i c t ed with Ind ian high scho o l s tuden t s who pr e s e n t ly ar e l iv ing o f f -r e s erva t ion and at tend ing local high scho o l s becau se Mr . Cook reported tha t , as re -draf tee , the ir paren t s pay local proper ty taxe s . t he Depar tment o f Educat ion f avored L . D . No . 1 1 55 . In re spon se t o a que s t ion from the Commi t tee , Cook ind icated that the Depar tm�n t of Educat ion e s t ima t ed the c os t o f thi s b i l l at around $ 2 700 per year . He fur ther te s t if i ed concerning the grea t need f or more adul t educat ion programs f or t he Ind ian s o f Maine and said that thi s bi l l was in l ine with o ther educ a t ion l eg i s la t ion which has been in troduced this s e s s ion d e s igned to No increasr. adu l t educat ion oppor tuni t i e s for all c i t i zens of the s t a te . oppone n t s appe ared again s t L . D . No . 1 1 55 . s tud�n.t s . The Newsletter understand s that, a s of May 18th , the following legislative progress had been made by various Indi an affairs bills . L . D . 1066 , "AN !QT to Revi se th e Maine Indi an Housing Law, " was approved by Governor Kenneth M. Curti s , on May 8th . As a piece of emergency legislation, this legislation - now Chapter 252 of the Public Laws of 1967 - becomes effective immediat ely. The revisions of the Maine Indian Hous ing Law will permit each of the three Tribal · Counc ils (two Passamaquodd� and one Penobs cot ) to appoint a five-man loc al Housing Authority as the first step in applying fo r federally­ assi.sted low-income housing program> of various kind s, similar to tho se availabl e to c iti e s and town s, and Indian reservations , throughout the country. ( The NeFs­ letter is informed that, as of August 31, 1966, 72 local Housing Authoritie s were in operatio n on 69 Incian res�rvations in 22 states . 56 of these local Hou sing 4utho riti es on 52 reservations were d eveloping Mutual Help housing pro-/ j ect s ; a total of 5 , 73 2 indivichl al housing units were in some stage of develop­ ment on reservations as of August 31, 1966 . ) L . D . 942, "AN ACT Relating to � Hunting of Muskrat , Mink , � and Fi s � � Indians, " was approved by Gov . Curti s on May Sth also . As a routine piece o f legi slation, thi s law ( Chapter 254 of the Public Laws of 1967 ) wili become effective 90 days after the adjournment of the legi slature . The law states, · �� sh all be lawful for members of the Penobscot or Passamaquoddy Indian tribes to hunt muskrat, mink, otter or fi sher with bow and ai:-row or firearms on lands o r i slands within the ir pos session . " Bills relating to th e following subjects are o n the legislative Appropria­ t ion s Table, awaiting final action : Special Offi ce s for the Indian tribe s ( L . D . 1094 ) ; Tribal Polic e Offic ers ( L . D . 1097 ) ; Updating of Penob scot surveys ( L . D . 109B ) ; recreational and playground faciliti es for all three Reservations (L . D . 1142 ) ; Indian Island home improvement s ( L . D . 1456 ) ; adult education ( L . O . 1634 thi s i s a new draft of L . D . 1155 - see above story ) ; Ind ian education ( L . D . 1636 this i s a new draft of L . D . 697 - s e e above sto ry ) ; and Clerk s of Tribe s ( L . D . 1637 - this i s a new draft of L . D . 1067 ) . ( Continued o n Page 24 ) �­ �( l7 ( LABO�� S t. v��T..:.,.GB con tirl. ue d froa page 4 ) short age exis te d in Hai ne . I w as curious as to why Li�)man 1 s v as hir i ng C an­ adian I ndia ns . I aske d C ommis s i one r Hi nckle y i f any inquiri e s had be e n made conce rni ng Maine In dians . H e i nf orme d me � 1 0 ca lls had be � n re ce i ve d by h i s offi ce fD om Li pman 1 s asking ab ou t Indians ave.ilable for H ork in the ir Augu � ta p lant. B oth time s the call e rs we re told whom to con tact on the v arious re se rvati ons , but this appa re n tly di d not s a ti s fy the m . Pe rhaps Lipman 1 s fe l t 10 or 20 I ndia ns shou ld have b e e n s tanding aroun d C omu1is s i one r Hi nckle y 1 s office waiting to go to work , be cause as far as I h ave be e n able to find out no furthe r con ta c ts � e re e v.; r wa�e re garding t�e emp loyin g of Maine In di ans at Lipwa n's . As i t turns out , appare ntl y the Ca�a dia n India ns we re not satis fie d w i th condi ti ons at Lipman ' s anywa-y, as i t s e e ms th e y have a ll le f t a fte r on ly two or th re e we eks o f w ork . · The pri nciple of the matte r is � ha t i t doe s n 't ma tte r if i t is I.i pman ' s , Gre at Northe rn Pape r C ompany, the .apple grow e rs o r p otato p la n t e r s • : who im port labor from out of s tate and e ve n ou t of country, an in jus ti ce h as be e n done whe n the Mai�e I ndians have be e n ove rl o oke d. Su re ly, the Maine In di ans cou ld h�y e be ne fi te d · by fre e tra ns p ortation, a trai ning pro gram , a nd in the cas e of Gre a t Northe rn, a de ce nt wage . _ . * * * * * * * * * * * IE TTER TO THE EDI TOR De ar E di tor : You will fi nd, attache d, a copy of a ne ws i tem ' ih i ch ap1, e a re d i n the Wa ll Stre e t Journal r� c� ntly. The i ron y of its con te n ts -wi ll not be appa re n t un le s s one i s aw are o f the fa ct tha t M�i ne is the pre &e n t and h is tori c h om e ­ la nd of the tvrn tri be s of F.as te rn W oodland I ndians - the Pas .s amaq u oddie s and the Pe nobs cots - whos e young me n are urge ntly in ne e d · o f the ki � d of tra i n­ i ng and j o bs the re i n de s cri be d. One ca nnot he lp butt won de r i: ow s tre nuou s l y the Gre at N orth e rn P ape r C ompany s ou gh t the i.-:1 ou t - at Hou lton , Prin ce t on., Pe rry and Ol d T own - for re cru i tm e nt iht o t D � � program . H ow we l l can the re crui tme nt ab road of trai� ­ e e s be gus ti fie d? Si nce s u ch an acti on on the part of a pri vate eii1p loye r r e q u i re s th e p r i or approval of bot h the U . S. De part Je nt of Agriculture a 1 d the U . · . D e par t ­ me nt of s t�te 's Iwmigra ti on Se rvi ce , one mus t con clu de th at the i r re spe ctiJe Se cre t a ri e s_, jointl y , be ar the le gal and e th i ca l re s p on s i bili ty. It ;Ls mor­ a l ly ine x cus able and of du bi ous le gal i ty to imp ort fore ign l abor i nto an a re a whe re e quall y qua l i f i e d re s i de n ts are tra gi c a lly u nd e r- employe d. We ca l l upon all ci ti ze ns , (Ame ri can I ndi a ns in clude d ! ) , and G rea t North e rn s tockhol d e rs i n pa r f i c u la r , to protes t and e ffe cti ve ly OP.' ' ose thi s i J l - R n v j s e d a cti on . V e ry truly yours , (See alse letter on Page 22 . ) G e orge H. La Porte New York C i ty * * * * * * • * * * * * * THE GRE AT LAHD FRAUD (Se cond I n s t<=i 1 1 . ien t) * * * T oday the Pas s a ma q uoddys li v e on two res e rva ti o ns i n e a s te rn mos t Maine , the mos t de presse d are a in all New E ng l ."l. n d , an d the 800 Indians wh o are · l e f t o c c upy h A t·� l y 200 of the i r 30 , 00 a c r e s . Mos t of the m are we lfare c as e s , f or what j ob s exi s t h ave be e n gohb le d up b y the whi te man . Swi ndle out o f � h 7 i r la nd and depri e d of gai nful e mployme nt, che a te d i n cou ntle s s w ays , � h u m 1 J 1 a t e d and p1· og1·esA 1 ve ly pa np e 1· j z e d , the onc e prou d I n d i a n s h ave be e n re ­ duc e d to b e ggi n g a t the C OA t t � t l s � f the mas te r the i ve s . (C o nt i nue d on page 18 ) pr o b ab ly �( 18 ) ( T h e G r e a t Land Frau d . c on t inued f r om page 17 ) Un l ike mos t Indian tri b e s , the Pas s a1.1aq u o du.ys are wards of a s t a t e , n o t th f e d e ra l -"ov e r n. 1e n t . T he ir gr e a t �1l 1 i t e f a t h e r is t h e Ind ian c olllkl iss i oner , a p o l i t i c a l appoin t e e whose j ob is t o e nsure tha t his ' ' c hi l d r e n � aare happy on t h e d o le and t o av o i d ; ; t r o ub l e " on the re s e rva t i ons . B u t the Ind ians are no t h appy w i t h t h e ir s qualid s hac ks , the ir a l l o t me n t s of s u r�lus ·f o o d , or t h e fac t t h a t no one wi l l give t hem a j ob . T l 1 e y are f i ch t ing t o Qay as t he y f ought f o r G e o r ge Wa s h ingt on , f o r t h e r i gh t t o p r o f i t f r om t h e ir r i c h ti�b e r lands , l o n g s i n c e t aken o v e r b y t h e s t a t e a n d b y white s q uat t e rs a n d b u s ine ss . 1en . They are f i gb t ing f or the r i ght to gove rn t h ems e lv e s like any o t h e r Ame r i c ans , to d is ­ p o s e o f the ir pr ope r t y as t he y � e e fi t ; f i gh t i n g f o r the c ha n c e t o b e t o f f t h e we l fare . John S t e v e ns , c h ie f o f the t r ib e 1 s Pri n c e t on r e G rv .... ti on , t ct lL e d a b o ut i t on a }'kine TV s t a t i on . r ; rn the T r e a t y o f 1794 , 1 1 lie said , 1 1 1Viassa c h ube t t s giv es us o ur two r e s e r va t i ons , to h�ve f o r e v e r and e v e r . On e ' s a s�all one , at Pl e as ­ ant Poin t , d own n e a r Eas t r or t ; the o t h e r ' s a ldr e pie c e - -3 6 s q uare mil e s of t imb e r l and - j u s t n o r t h o f Princ e t on , Maine . Now in 182 0 , •hen Main e ' b e c ame a s t a t e , c ar v e d o u t o f Na s s a c h us e t t s , s h e p r omis e d C ongr e s s and Massachus e t t s , b o t h , t h a t she ' d h o n o r our t r e a t y lands f o r e v e r . �e ll , the t r ear y ' s b e ing b r oke n . T h e S t a t e o f M�ine has s t o le n our � e a t y l�nds away , o y r e l ling &nd l e as i n g t he lands r i gh t our f r olil under our f e e t . S ounds hard t o re lieve , d o e s n ' t i t ? We ll , you ' r e we l c ome t o c ome d own and s e e frbr your s e l f t h e shacks t h e y make us live in , on what w e h a v e le f t . "We sho uldn ' t have t o te t h i s po or , " says C h ie f S t ev e ns . f l The S t a t e o f Ha in e 't s b e e n s tr ipping t h e timb e r f r om our land , s e lling i t .:, nd n e v e r a c c oun t ­ ing t o us f o r the mone y ; aaid t h e y ' re pu t t in g it in a trus t fund f o r us . Je l l , a f t e r 146 ye ars s e lling t h e t imb e r o f f our 30 , 000 ac re s , n ow a l l t h e y say t h e y c an s how f or i t is ab out a2 a n a c r e i n o u r t rus t f und . T h <l t ' s w i t ho u t in t e r e s t ; e v e r y year t h e y d e d u c t the i n t e r e s t away . �v e ll s ir , vr n aim t o pu t a s t o p t o this ; ge t t h e m t o o b s e rv e the t r e at y and r e t urn our t imb e r l nds , an d giv e us s ome kind of a c c oun t i n g f or our mone y . T he y laughe d in our fac e s ; t ol d us t h e y didn ' t have t o h o n o r a n y t re a t y i f t h e y didn ' t f e e l i i k e it , a n d un l e s s . 1 e quit asking que s t i ons t h e y ' d f ix us good ; t ake away wha t e v e r t h e y wart e d , t ake away our kids ' lun c h e s at s c h o o l t o o . " Adminis t r a t i on o f t h e t ri b a l t r u s t fund -a u1e re � 70 , 000 t o day-has b e en uni l a t e r a l Llnd o f t e n shady b u s ine s s . F or 7 5 ye ars Pas samaq u o ddy l e aders have t r o op e d to A ugus t a to tl emand an a c c ount ing ; each t ilile i t was r e fus e d the 1a . A c e n t ur y o f t imb e r r e v e n u e had s om e h o w vanishe d , and t h e s t a t e was n o t ab o u t t o o p e n t h e b o oks . B e ginning tem ye ars ago , t he f und w a s dire c t ly raid1e d , o s t e n sib ly t o pr o v i d e the I n dians w i t h b e t t e r L o using . Nearly 30 b o xlike dw e ll ­ i n gs w e r e e r e c t e d on t h e two r e s e rv a t i ons , c os t ing b e t w e en � 7 00 a n d $ 9000 api e c E T h e 1 1 h ou s e s b u i l t a t Pleasant P o int a r e a lr e a d y falling a�ar t . The p l ywo d f l o or s sa g , the walls lean , t h e wind z ips t hr ough t h e c r a c ks ; t h e f oundati ons , r e s t in g une a s i ly on a swamp , s e t t le a b i t more e � c h year . T he t r ibe ' s a t t o rne y , D on C o t e swor t h G e l l e r s , s ur.Jis e s that t h e b ui l d i n g c on t rac t or h i r e d b y ·t he s t a t e " mus t h a v e h a d 's ome t h ing t.iore than me re c omp e t e n c e t o m c ommend h im f or t i1e j o u 11 In any � as e , the c ompany has gone b ankr up t so t h e r e c an be no p o s s ib l e c laim . Ge l l e r s d o ub t s t h a t anyt h i n g wi l l c ome of t h e h o us ing s c andal . 1 1 N o one uill pr os e c u t e you iri t h e s t a t e of .Maine for r o b b in g Indians , " he s a ys , "No one ever has G e l l e r s , 31 . has b e en w o rking for s e v e ra l years without fee as the Pa s s a­ m a q u od dys ' lawye r , pre pa ring a c ou r t t e s t f o r t h e r e s t i t u t i on of t r e a t y l and s and t r us t fund t o t h e t r ib e , a s we l l a s c ompen s a t i on f o r �� �s t in fringe me n t s � S in c e movi n g t o � a s t p o r t w i t h h is w i f e , he has b e en thr e a t e n e d w i t a d e a t h �nd d i s b armen t . But the c ase is an impor tant one . Indians hav e ab s orb e d de f e a t I f t h e Pass awaq uoddys can win t h e ir a f t e r de f e a t a t t h e h ands o f the c o l o s sus . d e mands , t h e ir b r o t h e r s a c r os s t h e nc:. t i on will hav e gr ounds f or h ope t h a t th e i r t r e a t i e s t o o , a n d t h e i r e le we n t ar y human r i gh t s , m a y o n e d a y b � r e sp e c t e d . ( N e x t mon t h t he News l e t t e r w i l l c on t i n ue The Pas samaqu o d dy Indians b y David Je l s t _ • • • � ��� � * * * * * * * * * * * * * Be s ur e t o in c lude your ZIP c ode f o r your addr e s s when you wr i t e in t o b e ad d e d If you wan t your frie nds i n c lude d , a l s o in c l ud e t he ir Z IP . t o the mai l i n g l i s t . �( 19 ) HELP MAINE ' S INDIANS by Willi am M. Clark Regardle ss of the gloominess of some philo sophers, life has a way of The Maine Legislature will giving us, at r�e int ervals, a second chance. be thus gi ftE?d this week. The Senate will have a chance to remedy one of the errors of the House of Representatives . On April 28th, the Hous e killed a bill which would have given the repre s­ entatives of the Maine Indian tribes enough money for lodging, transpQrtation, and telephone calls, plus one-half of the session salary which the House of The bill will come up thi s Repre sentatives so co nsiderately give themselves . If enough people contact enough week in the Senate . Its fate is uncertain. State Senator s, however, the po ssibility of justi ce for th e Indians may be re­ newed . It should no t be necessary at all to defend the fairne ss of this act . In a demo cratic system, past erro rs are corrected, when they can be corrected , In the case of the Indians , the re i s no question but what errors only by law. have been made . The presence of thousands of Maine people on land whi ch was stolen from tho s e who poss essed it is proo f of the injustice done . When th e bill to give the Indians some . part of the customary legislative compensation came up in the House, Representative Catherine Carswell did her be st to have it voted into law. She d id not succeed . The reco rds of that debate are filled with plain common sense from Repres entative Car swell and "around the barn double talk " from th e oppo sition. The suggestion was made that , sinc e the Indians have a right to vote for · the regl}.lar area members of the l egislature, the presence of th e tribal representative s was "double repre ser:itation. " To some dreamy Philadelphia lawyer, thi s might m- ak e sense . To anyone who is f amiliar with the feeble po litical power of the Indians in the areas in whi ch they live, it is · nonsense . It is only a pious attempt to salve con­ scienc e s . In the course of 300 ye ars, the Indi ans have had proved to them again and again that nobody is going to protect their interest;s except them­ selves . . It" has been said that the Maine Indians never "owned 1 1 any land i n the sense that white men co nsidered ownership . That could be true . The Indians had intelligence enough to know that land is not oomething that CAN be owned . It: i s a po ssession of mankind in general only as long as mankind treats it with the respect it de serve s . So the Indians did not fence it off and s tart to gouge it and mirie it and cover it with cement . They did not hew down the fo rests and pollute the streams . They did not induce erceion, fill the wetlands, and de stroy the humus . They used the land gently and considerately. Because of that, they were called "savages" with no sense o f ownership . All that is in th e past. The dangers now are dangers that come from new waves o f pre.ssure s . The dominant philo sophy of conformity is e ating away at the Indians ' defi&nae of civilized sins . They ne ed legi slative prote ction . Desp�te Representative Oarswell ' s efforts in the Maine House, the Indians were refused the pitifully small sum of money that might h ave enabled them to pre ss their case with the logic it contaj ns . But if enough people call their State Senator s, the Senate could force the House to reconsider . The- cost of thi s bill is so small th�t a person should be ashamed to op­ po se it . There will be 20 time s the amount squandered in this session on pure There will be 50 times the amount spent on needle ss "investiga­ boondoggle s . How petty can we get ? tive trips . " How mealy mouthed can the righteous pre­ servers of the public purse become ? If I have any .friends at all in this reading ci rcle , I wi sh they ' d contact Catherine Carswell, Representative, and ask he r just what they can do to give the Maine Indians some kind of a chance to protect t hemselves . (From t he Kennebec Journal, 5/10/67) · ._ · �( 20 ) INSPECTION O F RESERVATION S MADE I The las t f ew days in April, the Indian Community Assistance Committee h€ad­ ed by OEO Di recto r Clyde Bartl ett compl et ed an inspection o f Maine 1 s Indian reservations . The connn i ttee was named by Gov . Kenneth M . Curtis, who s aid, " It i s my de si re, within the limit s of our available reso ur c e s , to re spond to the needs of our Indi an communitie s . Sinc e we know that unlimited assi stance is no t reali stic , we must h ave need s expr e s sed on a priority basis . " Bartlett sai d th e tour and the s eri e s of me etings with the Indian officials was ''mo st suc c e s s ful . 11 He r epo rt ed to the Governor on completion of the tour and plans a writ t en r eport and recommendation s shortly. " In addition to wo rking with Indian offi ci al s to d etermine which needs of the communiti es should have to p priority, the func tion of the c ommittee will be to coo rdinate stat e and federal programs, to make sure full use is being made of exi sting sour ce s of aid for the Indian communiti e s and to s eek additional a s si stanc e at t he Federal level, " said Bartle tt. Members o f th e committ ee, in · addition to Bartlett , are Richard McMahan, Maine FHA Directo r; Jerome Barnett, Maine di rector of the Eco nomic Development · Adminis tration; Jame s Schoenthaler, Maine Manpower Coord inator, and Sid Carney, Special i s t on Indi an Affair s, U . s . Departme nt of th e Int erior. 1 1We are fortunate to be able to have a per so n of Mr . Carney 1 s expe ri ence and background in Ind i an Affairs to serve on this committee , " s aid Bartlett . "He ac compani ed us on th e insp e ction tour and his advi ce and knowledge have al­ ready proven invaluable in directing our appro ach to the pro blem . " Carney, a Choctaw Indi an , is a sp eci al liason repre sentative with th e Sen e c a Indi an N ation at Salamanca, New Yo rk . Camey helped th e tri be plan a relo cati on pro gram, d evelop a community housing program, e stablish an indu strial park and greatly impro ve thei r educational system . He recently received an award from S e cretarjr o f t h e Int erior Stewart Udall for su stai ned superior per­ A member of the Bureau o f Indi an Affairs sinc e formanc e as a federal employee . 18957, Carney ho ld s a ba chelor ' s and master ' s d egree from Oklahoma State Univer­ sity . (From Maine OEO News, May 1967 ) UN I'IED SCHOLARSHIP SERVICE GETS CARNEGIE GRAN T Uni ted Scho larship Servi c e , Inc . (U SS ) of Denver, Colo . , has been awarded a grant by the Carnegi e Corporation ·of $50, 000 a year for the next th ree years to expand a program of graduate s chool ai d for Indi an s . A national vo luntary agency directly concerned with educational needs of It is sponsored by the Indian an d Mexi c an youths, USS was formed in 1960. United Church of Chri st , th e Epi scopal Church : and , s inc e 1966, by the National Ind ian Youth Counc il. It s graduat e s chool a s si stanc e hitherto has been limited to the field s of medi cine and law, bu:t will ext end to all profes sions under the Carnegie grant . (From the U . S . Depar.tment o f th e Interior, 5/3/67 ) NEWS NOTES The N ewsletter understam s that Mr . Mo rri s Brook s , Tribal Council.member of the Indi an Township Pass amaquoddy Res ervation, and Mrs . Ralph Nico la, o f . the Penobs co t Re servation, both recently took and passed th e Maine Stat e High Schoo l Equivalen cy examina tions , and rec eived High School Equivalency Certificat es . Mi s s Barbara Tomah , o f the Ple asant Point Passamaquoddy Tribe, re cently received her first communion at St . Jos eph Parish in Eastport . Her pi cture appeared in the Bango r Daily N ews o f May 19th . �(21) SEMINOLES HI T CAMPAIGN TRAIL by Frank Murray OAKLEE INDIAN VILLAGE , F l a . (AP) - The vo t er s emerged from the ir palm­ t hatched chi ckee hu t s - s t i l t hou s e s - and .gathered about the f l i cker ing campaign pow-wow f ire t o l i s ten to Char l i e B i l l i e Boy and the o ther candidat e s pre sen t the ir p l a t f orms . The i s su e s wer e s trea:l ight s , bet ter hou s ing , irr igat ion and b i g bus ine s s Incumb ent Bi l l i n the race for pre s iden·t o f the Seminole Indian Na tion . Osc e o l a wat ched s i len t ly as hi s four opponen t s made their pi t ches in the sof t , f lowing language o f the ir ance s tors . , Only Semino l e s who l ive on F l orida ' s three re s ervat ion s can vo t e in t h i s o d d Ind ian e le c t ion where campaign promi s e s ar e spoken in o n e language and pr inted in ano ther . The speeche s ar e a l l in the Mi ccosukee language , a smooth ama lgam of the Or ien t a l � t inged Ind ian tongue and Span i sh id ioms . Mo s t Semi nol e s s t i l l speak very l i t t l e Eng l i sh . Bu t a s Mi cco suke e i s only a spoken language , campaign posters mus t he in Eng l i sh . A t the po l l s Monday , the b al l o t s wi l l b e in Eng l i sh . I l l i ter ate vot e r s wi l l go in to the b o o th with a n e l e c t ion judge who ·he lp s mark t h e bal l o t and a t e l l er who w i l l wat ch the j udge . "We try not to appoin t cand idat e s ' c ou s ins or kinfolk as e l ec t ion j udge s , " said Tr ibal .Secre tary Laura Mae Osce o l a , a common S emino le name . She said 380 of 986 S emino l e s l iving on the r e s ervat ions wer e regi s t ered t o vo t e , inc luding 1 3 young people at col lege s and 7 servi cemen - 2 of whom have mai le d in ab sentee b a l l o t s from Vie tnam . The incumbent Osceola - i s a d i s t an t d e s cendan t of the famous chfef who - led the S emin o l e s 1 30 year s ago again s t U . S , troop s . He ' s had the $ 3 , 300a-year pre s idency e ight year s . . He as sumed the chi e f ' s chor e s two year s b e ­ f ore t h a t o n a $ 10-a-me e t ing bas i s before t h e . t r ibe adop t ed a con s t i tu t ion in 1 95 7 . Os ceo l a i s campaigning on the ground the tr ibe ha s become b i g busine s s dur ing hi s t erm . F lorida ' s Semino l e s direct a $ 1 3 -mi l l ion empire which inc ludes an 8 , 000 -head cat t le ran ch (From the Bangor Dai ly News , 5 /4/ 6 7) • • . • MI SCELLANEOUS NEWS - One of man ' s o l d e s t known trade rou t e s was c a l l e d the "Warriors Pa th ; " and r eacqed from central Alabama , through Tenn e s see and Ken tucky , Ind iana , in to southern Michigan . Thi s was u s ed f or c en t ur i e s . by Ind ians for warring and trad ing In many p l ac e s it was worn many feet deep and o f t en 15 t o 2 5 fee t wide . - Indian f ire f igh ter s bat t led a 3 , 000-acre b laze on May 5 t h in the Lin­ c o ln Na t ional Fore s t , near Ruidos o , N. M. , a s f lame s fed on Pond er o s a p ine­ f i l led canyon s . The Indians d.ominated a camp of more than 600 men - Among s tuden t s to be l i s t ed in a national pub l icat ion , "Who ' s Who Among S tuden t s in Amer ican Univer s i t ie s and Co l leges , " i s Mr . S t ephen Mi tche l l , a member of the Penob s c o t Tr ibe and a s tuden t at Hus son Co l le ge . Nomi n a t i on s f or s tuden t s t o be l i s t ed i n the new book wer e b a s e d o n academic s t anding , extra-curricula par t ic ipa t i on , l eader s h ip and c i t i zenship . - Among thos e r e s iden t s of Washing ton Coun ty recen t ly e l e cted to the board of directors of the Washing ton Coun ty Regi onal Ac t ion Agency were Mr . John S teven s ( Ind ian Township Tribal Governor ) , Mr . Fran c i s S ap i e l ( Pa s s amaquoddy Commun i ty Ac t ion Commi t t ee Chairman) , Mr s . De l i a Mi t che l l ( Indian Township ) , Mrs . Pau l ine S t evens -( Indian Township) , Mr . Archie LaCoote ( Indi an Town s h ip ) , and Mrs . R i t a Al tavater ( Pl easan t Poin t ) . . • • . • . . �( 22 ) NO MAINE RECRUITS FOR TIMBER CUTTING (See story on Page 16, " Letter" on Page 17 ) In (th e Portland SUnday Telegram ) " Letters " column May 7th, Geo rge H. La­ Porte , New York, lament s over the injusti ces done the Maine workers who desire employment in the lumber industry, by the importation of six men from Tibet to learn the trade . If Mr . La.Porte had kept himself informed on th e employment problems of Maine lumber companies he should know that in the last 4 years the MDTA (Manpower Development Training Act ) has co nducted 4 different schools fo r th e purpos e of training pulp"uo d cutters . These s chools have been conduct ed with the advi ce and coop eration of the American Pulpwood Asso ciation, the Maine Department of Educ at ion, all th e Maine pulp and paper companie s , as well as the goverrn:nent agencies h e mentions. Trainee s were recruited by the Maine Employment Security Commi ssi on, as well as by the pulp and paper companie s . Training was given by the b est quali fied instru ctors on an On-the-Job plan . The trainees had all expenses pai d , transportation to and from th eir ·home s , board and lodging , and a training allowance . It was very diffi cult to find trainees, by any of the agencies or the lum­ ber compani es, although exten sive effort wa s made and newspap er adverti sing . One o f th e t raining schoo ls was held in sight of the Indian re servation at Prince­ ton, although th ere was never an appli cation from any Indian from there o r any­ where el se . We did have at least two co lored boys . To the best o f my knowledge not a single trainee ever comple ted more than the guaranteed three weeks of work at the trade although they were well able to do so . The apparent reason fo r this unfortunate result seemed in all cases to be a lack of any desi re to earn th eir own living \\hen it w as a:> much e asier to draw some so rt of unemployment relief . All of the large pul p and p aper companies in the state, a s w ell as many o f the independent operato rs , cooperated fu lly in any way asked , often at con­ siderable co st to themselve s . The se companies included the Great No rthern, the Int�rnational Paper Co . , Scott Paper Co . , St . Regi s, Georgia Pacifi c , Brown Co . , as w ell as a:>me of the other timber land owners . I know what I am writing about . I was the Director in charge o f all these training pro grams . Maurice Bartlett Ashland, Maine (From the Portland Sundav Telegram, 5/21/67 ) SPECIAL WORK DESTINED FOR TWO INDIANS by Jame s F . Wilm an Two Maine Ind ian youths will work on we stern res ervations AUGU STA ( AP ) for about nine weeks this summer under a program designed to "develop Indi an le aders having a good view of the total Indi an problems . 1 1 Par tic ipating will be Stephen E. Mit chell , of Ind ian Island , and Miss DeP.:l.Ila Mit chell i s a sophomore me joring in education at Franci s , of Pleasant Point . Hus so n College and Mis s Francis is a post graduate student at Brunswick High S chool . The "Target Servi ce " program spons ored by the Harvard-Radc liffe American Indian Pro j ect will give them a chance to get a new perspective on t hemselves He said this will be the and oth er Indi �, said Andrew M. Gilman, chairman . fi rst time that any Maine Indians will participate in this type proj ect . Gilman said that Mit chell, who i s a �enobscot, will work on the Ute Reser­ vation at Fort Duche sne, Utah , where he would set up a tuto�ing program probably including remedi al reading . ( Continued o n Page 23 ) - �( 23 ) ( Continued from Page 22 ) Mi s s Franci s, a Pas samaquoddy, may go to work on a Cheyenne Re servation near Billing s , Mont. , or po ssibly with the Navajo s at Flagstaff, Ari z . or Gallup, N .M . She will wo rk i n some phase of education . " The 'Whole idea of the pro gram is to give Indians a view of their situati o n , 11 Gilman said. "The tribes here in Maine have been iso lated from Indi an affairs in g ener­ al, " Maine Indian Commis sioner Edward c. Hinckley said , " and thi s give s them a chance to see what o ther Indian s are doing. 1 1 Each will be paired with a volunteer from the Americ an Indian Proje ct and will work together under target servi ce . " The intent is that the Indi an stu­ dent and the others be e qual partners, " said Hinckley. About $150 of Each Indi an parti cipant is awarded a $550 s cholarship . this sum i s used fo r transportation . (From the Bangor Daily News , 5/22/67 ) • PENOBSCOT INDIAN TAKES CANOE RACE The . first annual Kenduskeag-to-Bangor cano e and kayak marathon proved to be a rousing success Sunday and the best time for the event went to one who knows his paddling well, Kirk l-0ring, o f Old Town, a Penobsco t Ind ian. Loring competed in the one-man canoe field and covered the 18-mile di s­ tance in three hours , 25 minut es and nine seconds The event , sponso red by the Bango r Recre ation Department, drew large crowds at all vantage points Trophie s were awarded winners in all di visions . The white water at Six-Mile Falls proved th e most hazardous spot and a popular viewing area for spectato rs seven of the 32 entrie s failing to fini sh . (From the Bangor Daily News , 5/22/67 . Kirk Loring , 19 years old , is the son of Mr . and Mrs . Eugene Loring . The Newsl etter extends congratulations to Kirk and to th� Loring fcmily . ) • • • • • • • • • • • • OUTCOME COULD REVAMP WAR ON POVERTY : UNIQUE PROGR.Ai TRAJNING 17 INDIAN FAMILIES \f MADERA, Calif. (UPI ) - Seventeen Indian families from reservations through­ out t h e nation have begun a unique training program here designed to attack th e poverty probl em in it s entirety. The objective of the Madera Employment Training Center - first of its kind in the nation - i s to r each the entire Ind­ ian f amily by offering a way s tation b etween the reservation and the sometimes bewildering asp ect s of urban life . The small pilot program i s di re cted by the Philco-Ford Corp . on an initi al $497, 846 contract with the U . S . Bureau of Indian A ffair s . He i s counseled o n every­ No facet of the trainee � s life is overlooked . thing from the importance of getting to work on time to the drawback s of watch­ ing too much televi sion. "Thi s may be the answer , 1 1 said Proje ct Director Arnold Oates , a 30-year-old Texan with a Ph . D. in education admini stration. "Thi s i s the first poverty program that reaches the entire family. , With everycody in the family pulling together, we think when they leave here th ey can· move into a modern urban s etting and live suc c e ss.fully - fully able to enjoy our way of life . " David F. By�rs, Bureau of Ind ian Affai r s ex>ordinator at the center, see s ramifi cat ions for the poverty program. " Thi s program is strictly fo r Indians ' " he s ai d . "But other people are watching u s . If we ' re suc ce s sful , I think the ide a may b e u s ed to help lift other minari ty groups out o f the poverty cycle . " The Indians themselves for the m&t part are noncommittal . Having been at the cent er less than a month, mo st are r eluctant to comment on their strange new environment . ( Continued on Page 24 ) �(�) ( Continued from Page 23) Each Indian family live s in a mo dern, suburban-type home , complete with ele ctri c kitchen, front and b ack l awns , tastefully furni shed living and b edrooms and the inevitable TV set . The cluster of home s , laid out in city blo ck s , formerly hou sed the familie s o f Air Force personnel wo rking at th e former Air The program in cludes an intensive course in family living For ce radar base as well as vo c ational training to give employable trainee s a saleable skill . Tho se over 16 who are consi dered employable attend clas ses during the day Life c enter in a routine similar to the average urban Ameri can ' s work day . counselors take over in the evening , acquainting the trai�ee s with modern fami ly living, as well as lei sure activitie s training is o ffered Vo c ational training include s six major trade areas in automotive and engine repair, cleri cal o c cupations, appli ance and radio-TV repair, drafting , and electroni c s assembly . - supplemental courses are offered in culinary art s , medic al teohnology and building trade s o c cupations A job placeme nt offi ce i s charged with findi ng the trainee the job he w<'rnt$ c:1 f cer completio n of th e program . The offi ce wi ll then make periodi c che cks with the employer and the t rainee to determine his progress . Evaluations of the findi ng s will be used to improve the pro gram . No specific t ime limit is set for completion of the program for any one trai ne e • . . • "When we think he is ready to cope wi th the complexitie s of urban living, we 1 11 try to get him a job, " said Community Affai rs Directo r John Johnson Some fini sh first and others " This thing i s kind of like a horse rac e . fini sh last . The idea is to keep the last one moving forward . " (From the Portland Sunday Telegram, 5/21/67 ) • • • • • • • • • • • • • . • • • • • • • LEGISLATIVE REPORT ( Continued from Page 14 ) A new l egi slative do cument , L . D . 1645, "AN ACT Des cribing Indi an Voting Di strict s , 1 1 was introdu ced by Senato r Beckett (R-Washington County ) at the re­ que st of Indian Commissioner Hinckley, to correct some obvious erro rs in the present des criptions an Title 21, Section 1621, of the statute s ) of the voting di strict s made up of the three Reservations . Bills on the following sub jects were in th e indi cated stages o f the legi s­ lative proce s s , a:s of May 18th : Tribal Repre sentative s t compensation and allo·.-:­ anc e s ( L . D . 1 86 ) tabled in th e Senate pendin � ac ceptance of connni ttee report ; reported 110ught Not Tribal Representatives ' ri ght s and privileges ( L . D . 188 ) to Pas s " in the House and Senate ; Degree of Blood of Penobscot Indi an s ( L . D . 1096 )­ report eri "Ought Not to Pas s " in the House q.nd Senate . (A bill that has been reported "Ought Not to Pas s " in both the Hous e and the Senate i s consi dered "Dead .. 11 - - LOCATION OF SKOWHEGAN INDIAN STATUE DECIDED (See s to ry o n Page 8 ) SKOWHEGAN - Location o f the Indi an Statue was decide� a t a meeting o f the Touri st: Hospi tality Asso ciation here Wedne sday night at the Teak Room at Whitte­ mo re· ' s Restaurant . The statue , to be carved by Bernard Langlais o f Cushing, will be plac ed at th e Eddy, Route 2, on th e south si de of the highway near the Kennebec River . It is expected that th e work will be completed by fall. Cedar fo r the statu e Will b e donated by Joseph Cayouett e . A dis cu s sion was h eld co nc erning fund s for th e pro je ct . The Sentinel for May 18th carried (From the Waterville Sen;tinel, 5/11/67 . Indian holding a fi sh, fish spear an unfini shed model o f the statue, showi ng an and net . ) · �( No c. o w b o� � � IF YOU v ANT - a free " s t ar t er sub scrip­ t ion to the Maine Ind i an New s • l e t ter ; - news of Ind ian af fair s in �aine and around the coun try ; - to know what other Tr ib e s ar e doing , thinking and p l an ­ ning ; f \ r ·-- ---- � r i- e l VJ d -:J v s I I C' Y1 '.) r 'ilc. :I. � d ; a �1 s r1 � \,.\) s c fh (? j- 5 U f3 5 C <f� I 13 [ \ 0 1 t- ff'c.t le. \ {o 0 .A Y/ - Maine ' s ONLY home or THEN - MAINE INDIAN NEWSLETTER Pine S treet Freepor t , Maine 0403 2 · !!Q !! N�J i ; : !:i:: !���=�P:���;�; h ter .. / -=:��� f.�}jJ ( (� �-) /; (/) /L . ( q t Ind i an-edited , s t ate -wide mo n t h : ly pub l icat ion , in t ended t o 1 \ increase the knowledge of a l l · . . j ·· / I:� J ' -� � J �1�:�ir�i:�e���;t�1�/,.1 / ,�� E!i;:���!:��b:i�!:�;:!;;:m:!�me:fu11y '}'' �f' . ' '.•·\ >JI =�� !P�!:� ;�::: c�: 1. N�o:����:. :�e ·�� accept ed t Reader s T� r e ce ive e i ther Indian or non- regular /' ...-.:<.,,·-:. ·..../· : / , . .. ;-:::..- ..� :>=· . "· com- monthly growing pub l icat ion , se nd your name and addr e s s on a piece of paper to : MAINE IND IAN NEWSLETTER Pine S treet Freepor t , Maine 040 3 2 }<::'. Zii,J �f il'le BULK RATE U. S. POSTAGE 2 7 / 8 ¢ PAID Freep or t , Maine Permi t No . 33 S tr e e t Freepor t , Maine 040 3 2 Colby Colle ge Library Watervi l le , Me . Ou901 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Penobscot Description An account of the resource The Penobscot people, who identify closely with the Penobscot River that is their home, have a reservation on Indian Island, near Old Town, Maine. Part of the Wabanaki Confederacy, they were among the tribes that won federal recognition in the 1980 Maine Indian Land Claims Settlement Act. <br /><br />A Penobscot scholar, Joseph Nicolar, was one of the first regional Native people to publish a book: <em>Life and Traditions of the Red Man</em> (1890). Since then, many others have written about their language and culture, including the performing artist Molly Spotted Elk and poet Carol Dana.<br /><br />The Penobscots have a rigorous process for protecting their intellectual property, asking any scholars who are studying or writing about them to communicate with their Cultural Heritage and Preservation Office.<br /><br /><strong>Resources</strong><br /><br />Penobscot Nation <a href="https://www.penobscotnation.org/" target="_blank">website</a><br /><a href="http://www.penobscotculture.com/" target="_blank">Penobscot National Cultural &amp; Historic Preservation Department</a><br /><br /> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <em>Maine Indian Newsletter</em> (May 1967) Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource ssipsis (Thompson, Eugenia) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Colby College Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1967-05 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Julia Brush Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Digital images courtesy of Colby College Library. In making these images available, we also consulted with ssipsis’ daughter, Pam Outdusis Cunningham. Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Document Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource pdf Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DV-469 https://www.dawnlandvoices.org/collections/files/original/b1d065f22a50f304c653ef2c7dae2782.pdf f39794814aa5a678613077b95bfc93ad PDF Text Text MAINE NEWS V lume 2, Numb .r ETTER ? May 1968 INDIAN RESERVATIONS DEVELOPMENT 1-IEETING WHAT DOES IT MEAN? On Nay 4th , a uniqu e meeting was helt in the Pleasant reint Tribal Hall. It had gc rl p�int ann ha� p0ints, strengths and we ess e s . Te s me pecp l e it have 9een the heginning f a ne w way of life n the Re.servati0ns in }fa.ine . To ther peeple it may have seemed · ef the same 0lrl. talk. Let 1 s ln�k at this meeting anrl see what-s0me 0f its features were. akn may mt:1re 3 Curtis) participatien ( It was llI'..iqu� in that it was callei 9y a State G0vern�r Kenneth M. and h ld en the R � se rvati en l"'TI a Saturday "t'"' assure the maximum by the repr�sentativ s ef th Indian trih e s , 11 a· quetati('n f!V1m the first "'f t l�tters f invitatirn s nt ti"' key individuals hy Ckv. Curtis. The Geve rn r al o ind icatet in these letters that he wanted this meeting t be c0nsidered ( ) a wnrk s sst.r-n te gain a hetter idea of wh e e we n0w stand in the v ern ent phys i c nee d fa ilities �f the three Reserv ati ns and what specific step tn h� taken hy whi h enci s t '1ntinue devel pment as fast as the Tribes themselv es think sui ta le. 11 Surely this is the first time in the history s trihe:1 that the Executive leadership f the State has taken such an inter­ nf "a impr s r al ag ef l'.taine' e3t in R servatien anrl. Trihal ve lr pment . Whether this interest is viewed as use�.ll 0r rlange reu s must he �ecided �y every individual independently - certainly th interest i in line with efficial expressi""'ns frrm Triltal lead�rs regarding as3istanc in hnusing, sanitati0n and ecenrmic development pr grams fer the Res· �rvati�ns. A gr ti ign at the meeting was that the 11hearl. table" ·c nsisted of enly ene n-Ind.ian and ? · Indi ans the Gevern0 r' s Administrativ� Assistant, Allen Pease Pl easant P0int O.v. J�seph Mitchell, Indian Tewnship C-<'v. J�hn Stevens, Penob­ sc�t Lt� Gev. Fred N i cc la , Pleasant Pcint H�using Authority Ch rman Eugene Francia> Indian Tewnahip H0using Auth•rity·Chairman Ge�rge Stevens, Jr., Penemsc0t n ) ( ( ai fhusing Auth�rity Chainnan Matthew Sappier, ete . La ) and Passamaqu0ddy CAI' Direct, r Archie A peer sign at the me ting was that there were very few ether Indians prePassamaquodddy sent - perhaps 0nly 15 fr�m Why waR this? 3 Reservations . L.gislative ReprP. f'litativ Geerge Francis felt it was hecause peo pl e were "scared" Pene�­ t� cnmc, having ha d tc0 many poor episodes with the State in t he past. aJd Phyllis McGrane felt it was sc:>t �unty CAP Aid� Pen b�c•t 1'rj b<tl member because the Indiana have heard teo many pr0m i ses before and no lenger see any value in talking abJut pr grams - they want tn see the pr0grams thems elves. nvitati ns others suggestet that the peepl e whe received Gcv. Curtis' pers�nal hadn1t teld nther Tribal members about the meeting, �r that peeple hadn1t under­ ) (and � st d that arzy-one c uld attend eve• if they hadn1t re c eived an individual invit2ti en . Whatever the re asc n , the Indians ��re considerably �ut-numbered! It was ge e d te hear the Tribal �3aders and the Tri9al Heu si ng Autherity Chairmen rep.-rting on the status of new, complex Tri9al progr ams . As cne ef the Hc..using Chairmen put it, this was the ( . ver ) first time he had ever had to address �(2) a group •f that �crt. An ther Housing Phairman expressed his eoncern about 'b e si.ze an� speed flf S("lme"ef the new programs by, �aying·-.hat llp:rngresS"�ha.s·. bee n gobd - alm0st mr>re than we can handle11 and by saying that he 'aidn 't know i t�e !ndians could absorb all this interest �n the part ef the government. This·is an imp\rtant point, as sad experience ha� �h0wn 'hat where tribes ao�ept government prngrams they d• not fully understan d eontrol they often-ti.mes l: f (anrl ) end up with something they don't., really want! . A benefit ef the meeting W:is that th e represent atives 0f the many federal and state agencies present learned mnre about e ach �ther' s pregrams.. We w0uld think that the various branches f government could keep track of one another, but are glad if they learned better h0w varieus programs might he fitted tegeth'er. It d•es seem kind of silly, however, for this mutual g9Vernment understanding l to t ake place at a Reservati•n meeting. It remains to be s een whether the Indian • people of the 3 Reservations will know m0re about gnvernment pr05rams as a result cf the meeting. Much will depend on h•w much inf rmation the Tribal leaders gatned, and how well they can pass this We understand that n t0 their penple. the Dept. nf Ind ian Affairs plans t0 mimecgraph a summary rep rt of what was dis­ cussed. Perhaps enough c pies •f this will be made so that every family can have one, t0 s tudy if they are interested. Fr�m the rep0rts submitterl t0 the meeting by v arious individuals, it seems that sanitation programs for Pleasant P0int and Peter Dana Point are moving along quite well, with federal m ney promised just within the past week •r so befere the meeting. ThA PennbsC'Ot Housing Authority has sent in its first applicati�n f�r 41 ho u sing urits for that Reservatien. Apparently the Passamaquoddy Housing Authorities will new begin VK"'rking on their h0using applicati0ns; the Penobscot Autherity will begin working en its s anitati•n program applications. JvillCH PASS.AfiAQUODDY OONCERN WAS EXPRESED FOR TH E 1-'RINCETON 11STRIP11 ON THE INDIAN TCNVNSHIP RESERVATION. HOlTSING FOR THIS ca-UillNITY DEPENDS ON SANITATION iUNEY FOR THE AREA. THIS MONEY Ib TI'JCLUDED IN THE JUNE 17TH PRIMARY ELECTION BOND ISSUE �UES TION. If the b0nd issue passes the veters C'f Maine, the "Strip" should be able to participate in the pr grams the other cnrmnunities or reserva­ tions are in the pr0cess �f getting. THE BOND ISSUE 1UESTION ALSO INCLUDF.S n.iPORTAN T SCHOOL COPSTRUCTION HONEY FOR ALL THREE RESERVATIONS. EVERYONE SHOULD V OTE YES ON BOND ISSUE QUESTION NUMBER l ON JUNE 17T�. The p�ssibility nf a demonstration self-help h using prnject for the Passa­ maquodd y Tribe was discussed, �ut nothing definite decided . This discussi n was somewhat 0ver-shadewed by a calm s tatement frem a representative of the federal Housing Assistance Administratien that it might be p0ssible t0 construct half the homes needed on the Reservatiens befnre the c�ming of next winter. This seems incredihly fast t0 us, but we are sure the H using Authorities will 1 ok int• this matter and will mnve as rapidly as seems desireable. Many peopl e commented en the importance of plan.ring Reservatien programs so that the final result is satisfact�ry to every•ne. With Passamaq uoddy CAP and the Housing Authorities all undertaking various plan ning programs, we are sur e this need will n•t he C'VerJeoked. Economic develepment ')f the Reservatiens 3 was mentioned only occasien;:i__lly, but part cf the planning will surely focus en economic and empl.nyme nt programs the Tribes need. The need f r recreatien facil­ ities and tribal buj }dings was also emphasized and discussed. Many specific questions about t he proposed housing programs were brought up, out between the Housing Authorities, agencies involved. Interest, 3 their people, however, lcoking at present housing on the seems high on the part Reservations, and must be worked and the federal and state f the pecple - it is easy to understand both the interest in housing and the suspicion of gcvernm.ent housing programs. In conclusien, it appears that progress is being made - certainly more The future? interest is being shown in Maine Ind ians than was true in the past. Most Indians will want to work an d wait and see what happens, before they commit themselves too deeply. meeting, The Pleasant Point Little League Team benefited from the and contributions seemed to however - the ladies had prepared a lunch, be quite generous! ( See next page for list f agencies present at the meet· �(3) WHO WAS THERE? 4th The following is a fairly complete list of the agencies r epresented at the May Indian Reservations Development meeting, by 1 or more persons: Pleasan·:. Point Tribal Cc.,uncil and Housing Authority, and VISTA program Indian To�mship Tribal Council and Housing Authority Penobscot Tribal Council and Housing Authority Passamaquoddy Tribal Counc ils' Connnu nity Action P�gram U . S. Dept. of Housing and Urban Developnent U • S. E conomic Development Administration U • S. Farmers Home Administration State Dept. of S·:...ate Dept. of Economic Development Indian Affairs State Division of the Offi ce of Economic Opportunity State Planning Office Stat� Water and Air Envirorment�l Improvement Commissior­ State Dept. of Finance and Administration State Executive Department State Dept. cf Education Legislative Committee on Indian Affairs Diocesan Division of Indian Services American Friends Service Committee Wright:- Pierce, Barnes & Wyman Office of U. s. Representative William Hathaway Educational Design, Inc. CURTIS URGES BOND ISSUE TO AID MArnE INDIANS AUGUSTA (AP} - Gov. Curtis yesterday reported unprecedented progress toward improving Indian reservation housiug and urged voters to approve a bond issue for related purposes in a June 17 referendum. In a statement distributed at a news conference, Curtis said leading repres­ entatives of the three reservations met with officials of several state and federal agencies at Pleasant Point Saturday. The meeting, which Curtis arranged, had the broadest representation of any meeting ever held involving Indians. An official of the U. S. Department of Housing & Urban Development reported to that meeting that some home construction might begin this year. Under thi� plan, the federal government would pay all costs of building the houses and then rent them to Indian families at nominal rates with en option to buy. "I am committing the attention and services of all appropriate state agen­ cies to work closely with the DHUD and the tribes in order to assure continued progress in this area at the fastest rate acceptable to the Indian people them­ selves>" Curtis said. Leaders of the Passemaquoddy and Penobscot Tribes made it clear they are willing to cooperate with the state in this development, he said, "to transform the reservations into healtly communities where members of the tribes may live and work in safety and pride if they so desire." The Penobscot Tribal Housing Authority has completed application for 40 n�� housing units. The Pleasant Point and Indian Township authorities are in that process Lnd the federal government recently approved sanitation grants total­ inb nearly $500,000. The bond iss·e coming up for referendum voting June 17 would provide for a sewerage project on the Princeton Strip settlement in Indian Township, and for schools at Indian Township, Pleasant Point, and Indian Island. (From the Portsmouth, N.H., Herald, 5/8/68) VOTE YES - REFERENDUM QUESTION 11 1 - STATE-WIDE ELECTION - JUNE 17Tl: - VOTE YES �(4) E D I T 0 R I A L S THE MAINE IND IAN NEWSLETTER EDIT OR: E u g;nia (Thomas ) Thomps on (Penob scot) �ews and s tories may b e s ubmit ted to t he Newslette r for publi c a tion at t he followin g ad dres ses: Onglus amwes sit HAINE INDIAN NE/SLETTER Taquask'nikizoos Pine S treet, Freepor t, Maine 04032 Pnh6d amwikizo o s Amuss wikizoos or Kikka:._kizoos Mary Yarmal Muskoskikizoos Pleas a n t Poin t Reservation At c hit t ai.kizoos 04667 Perry, Maine Wikkaiki7. oos or Mon t c hewadok.kikizcos Morris Brooks As seb askw<.. t s Indian Township Ab onomhs swikjz oos Prin ceton, Maine 04668 '>r Ket c hikizoos * On or b efore t he C arol D ana fif tee n t h. In dian Island * See page 9 04468 Old Town, Maine C OMMENTS " .Je have t he grea tes t need, therefore >Ne need t he greates t help." ''We operate t o t he hear t, we dun' t need to march •11 " We don' t make as muc h� we h ave di f fic ul t y get ting j ob s, b asket making doesn't pay mu c h, we we s till hun t as our an c es tors did, we live close to nature. " Gov­ ernor Joseph Mi t c hell q uietly sta ted . He ex c u sed his E n glish, when he spoke b efore an a udien c e on Indians, bec ause he was more at home in t he Pas samaqu o d d y ton gue. E ven s till he spoke t o the heart s of peo�le, be­ c ause he represented a s t ill proud n a tion, whose spirit c anno t an d will not be b roken. Ev.en in t he mid s t of povert y, whoEe men e�rn only $430 per year, it is di f fi c ult to be poor, b u t is is not dif fi cult to be an Indian, b e c ause we have a lega c y . It is di f fi c ult to live the white man's way, b ecause it sets limi t s . These limit s are neces s ary for our young people, to be abl:. to s urvive . We c anno t se� time b ac k, b u t we c an set it ahead. We w�ll need the greates t help bec ause we have t he grea tes t need. We need your vo te a t t he June 17t h referend um. * You are c ordially invi ted to a t ten d The Second Annu?l New E ngland Powpow, on Frid a y, S at�rday and S unday , July 12,13 , & 1 4 , at Circle.9 Ranc h , Rte. 28, Epsom, New Hamps hire . Bring your tipis and ten t s � pap* ooses. • The Republic ans h ave done it again In i t s has te to solve t he In dian problem, t he Republi c an par ty a t the S tate Conven tion, held in Bangot on Sat urday , �ay 1 1, 1968 adopted a pla t form in w hi c h t hey pro­ rosad t he adopt ion of a long range program designed t o assimilate fin­ ally t he India� populat ion of our s t ate, T his is one met hod of solving t he problem, ano t her would be genocide. OLviously t he Republi c ans 'w ant to solve �he prob lem, but a t t he expense of dealing-equally wi th the people involved. They are not: c on c erned wi t h t h� fac t t ha t �er­ h aps t he Indians as a whole may not want to as similate. They look a t t he Indians as u s e d cars, s ome. t hin g to - be moved from one lot to anothe�, (('.ryrd-;..,,,a,4 nri .....,,,,..,.<' n) �(5) 11 LO , POOR IND IAN 11 THE by RALPH NADER (Editor's note: This article is being reprinted from �he Neu Republic. The first part is included in the April issue of the Newsletter, and is concluded bere.) The Task Force, were it not divided into a majority �nd sm&ll minority position over shifting the BIA's functions to HEW, might have made a far stronger case against the BIA. Illustratively, Senator Robert Kennedy's subcommittee has pointed attention to the failure in quantity and quality of BIA reservation schools. Since these schools breed despondency, cultural inferiority and alienation, it is not sur­ that the dropout rate exceeds 50 perc nt. Mismanagement of BIA's supervisory responsibilities over land, timber and water resources prising is legion. Last year BIA negligence led to major forest fires including. one on the Mescalero Apache Reservation in New Mexico and another on the Quinault Reservation in .. ashington. BIA has managed to oversee the leasing and franchising �f valuable reservation prope�ty ri�lLts anl income orportunities into p=edominantly non-Incian hands. Even busboys in the reLtaurants on the Cherokee reservation -re non-In�ian; �hile Indian boys stand or sit idly by tre roadsiJe. Still, BIA will not supply inquirers with a list of all the franchis�s given non-Indians on the reservations. Secrecy in the BIA lias boarded an the Byzantine. The complexities of the government-Indian trust relationships, the undisclosed details of trust funds held in the Treasury Department, and the frac�ionated land heirship problew on reservations are all wr�pped up in the BIA's endemic secrecy. It is not even possible to receive from the Bureau a reliable estimate as to the number of Indians on the reservations who are not S8rviced. ftoreover, services are uneven in any given prograw and a few reservations become BIA "favorites" depending on the needs of Indian politics. for one program or another, By not dealing with the fundamental malaiue of the B IA , the �hit� House will see its slightly refurbished proposals consigned to a liwbo of resonant :-hetoric. to upset the intricate relationship which BIA has built up with grazing, timber, _uite possibly, ruining interests in the 1·/e st, the Adruj_nistration did not want on the one hand, and its Indian associates on the reservations whom young Indian reformers call derisively "Uncle Tomahawks." l"ioreover, many Indian chiefs, fearing that change: could place them at a great disadvantage and per:1aps activate the semi­ dormant federal terr.1in i. tion of the reservation policy ap11roved by congressi0nal resolution in wark against change. They 1953 , cling to the Bureau as the best bul­ could not be �ore accurate in this estiwate of the Bureau's molecular inertia as weli as the omn�present pressure fron several congressmen for renewing the termination policy whereby r eservations would be dissolved. Completed terminations on the Klau1ath . reservation in Orc�on and Menominee in Wisconsin have had terribly adverse Without a land base, effects on Indians and their locql economies. Indians will s�on cease as distinct cultures. Until the recent subcommittee on Indian on Indian poverty. hearings by Sen. affairs, George McGovern of the Senate there have There is no indication, been no meaningful hearin6s however, that the Eureau will be subjected to a probing congressional oversight hearing. directed at the Bureau has been enough. James Gamble of the Senate subcommittee staff, knowledge of Se�ators Henry N.1�.) Criticism for n0t terminating reservations fast Jackson (D, Wash.) has long been the chief congressional worker for on with the apparent and Glinton Anderson (D, termination of Indian reservations and assimilation of the Indian into the mainstream (Cnntjnued na�e 6) �(6) "LO, THE POOR IND IAN 11 ( Con t in u e d from page 5) of Ame r i c an life. The i n t e nsity of h is an imosity toward what he considers t h e pri v i l e ge d posit ion of Ind ians and t he BIA, whi c h he says has a vested in t e res t in t h is pos i t ion, is almost star t ling . Not un t i l 1967 d i d the Ind ian affairs sub c ommi t t e e in the Se nat e and House lose t h e ir total grip on ma t t e rs In d ian . Bot h Se nators Rob e r t Ke nne dy and, t o a lesse r e x t e nt, Abraham Rib i c off (D,Conn.) h e l d hearings dur ing t8e past year on Indim urban gh e t toes and Indian e du cat ion. Such a t r e nd may lead to a fresh d.pproa c h t owar d unde rs tanding at least t h e di1;1e nsions of the In dian p.m­ b l e m and the prior i t i e s in pol i c y - making. For e xamp l e , Professor Gary Orfi e l d of the Univ � rsity of Virginia b e l i e v e s th e key foc us shou ld be in providing t h e Indians wi th jobs. Employm e n t , he b e l i e v es, wou l d rad iat e the kinds of se lf- c onfiden c e and options that offe r fr e e dom of c no i c e and b r e ak t h e v i c ious c i r c le of pov­ e r ty . ''Ev e n a llowing for t h e rapid popu la t ion growth , l. t is .Jb v iuus tbat the bas i c e conom i c prob lem of the In d ian c ommun�ties cou ld be sclv e d by This wou ld SP.em a smal l d eill� nd for a nation th e prov ision of 40,000 jobs. whe r e civ i l ian e mp loym e n t has i�c r e ase d an av e rage of 723,000 eac h year from 1955 t o 196�, and whe r e the l ast f i v e ye ars th e av e rage in c r ease has b e e n almos t 1.5 mill ion p e r year . " Analysis aft e r analysis of the r e se rvat ions' e c onomic pot e n t ia l poin ts to �hat has to be done to ac hie ve Prov ision of ade q uat e loan funds this r e lat�v e ly modest obje c t iv e . to finan c e t r ib al e nte rprises an d inc e n t iv e s t o at trac t ind ustry are often C onse rvat ion proje c ts, r e �r eational si t e d e v e lopme n ts, re c omme n d e d. pub l i c housing c ons t r u c tion and othe r c ommun i t y improv e men t proje c ts can T here is solid pre c e d e n t for su c c e ss �e mor e i mme diate ly iwpleme n t e d . i n job c r eat ion in the Ind ian Erne r��e n c y C onse rvat ion Nork prograiil d uring Some 15,000 Lle n we r e put to work in a few mon ths t ime. t he thir t i es. ( F rom The N e w Repub l i c , b y Ralph Nade r, 3/30/68) S i rs: Corr e c t ion A line was omit t e d in my ar t i c le "Lo , the Poor Ind ian " (Mar c h 30). On page 14, column two, ( page 5, t h ird fu ll paragraph in Apr i l �aine Ind ian Newsle t t e r), th e final se n t e n c e of t he se copd fu ll paragraph should W ith r esponsi b i l i ty for In d ian health s e rv i c e s alr eady in HEW, r e ad : t he Task For c e d ip loma t i c ally c on c lud e d by emphasi z ing t hat "HEW programs e mphasi z e human d e v e lopme n t as c on t ras t e d w i t h In t e r ior's program emphasiJ on c onse r vat ion and nat ural r e sou r c es. " Ralph Nad e r ( From Th e New Repub l i c , 4/6/68) YOUNG CHEROKEE3 PROTES T EMPHASIS ON NEW INDUS TRIAL S ITE ( Ed i t or 's not e : t h e abov e ar t i c l e was star t e d i n t he Apr i l issue of +h e Newsle t te r and is c on c l ud e d he r�) T h e se old e r people have forme d wha t, t ransla t e d in to Engl ish from C h e roke e, t h e y hav e a lawye r, S t uar t .1rqpp , working with t h e m, t rying t o figu r e ou t the e xac t nat u r e of t h e ir prob l e m . Mr . T rapp c omments t ha t i ts c �mp l e x it i es se e m almos t b e yond d e fi n i t ion. T h e y weav e bac k i n to t h e great hjstory o f t his people, one� a sov e r e ign na t ion t hat had its own highly e ffi c ie nt gov e rnme n t , its own pol i c e force, a sys t e m o f c ou r t s, a n d pub l i c s c hools. C h e roke es, l ike t he oth e r me mb e rs of t h e F iv e Civ i l i z�d T r ibes, The Che rokees, #e r e among t h e c hief ar c h ite c ts of t he S tat e of Oklahoma . C hoc t aws, C hi c asaws, C r e e ks, and 0e minoles; for c e d i n to Ind ian T e rr i tory by t he d e termination of t h e sou t h e ast states t o appropria t e the ir lands, �(7) YOUNG C HEROKEES PROTEST ( Continued from page 6) • • • pioneered t his region . C herokees were o: klahoma's firs t let erate set tlers. They prod uced i t s firs t newspaper.· These first Oklahoilla ns got cough t in the sawe divisions t ha t wrenched w hi t e Americans as under in the Civil War . It le f t mos t of t heru terribly i ·mpoveris hed. When C o n gres s gove Oklahoma s tatehood in 1907, it .assumed t �at t he Ind ians would becofile part of t he mains tream It ended their t ribal governm en t s . When t he Indian Reorgani zation Ac t of 1948 came along, providing for tribal governmen t elsewhere, ti lef t o u t t he Five Civilized Tribes . As Mr . Keeler sees it, the next nee ded call t he Original C herokee Communi t y Organizatio n . (Ed. note: ?) Under a grant from t he Field Foundation, s tep i: . economic recovery. Innumer3.ble Oklahoma In dian s., living in and around Oklahoma Cit y , 'l'ulsa, and o t her population centers, are prosp�rous citizens. Back in t he oil ­ boom days, some O sage people became wealt hy� The povert y �roblem centers in remo te places like this eas t�rn hill count ry . ''Mos t o f t he Indian people around here, 11 co:ufaen t s Ralph F . Keen, Mr . Keeler's lieu tenan t as general busires s manager for t he tribe , " live on wel f are. We're trying to change t his sit ua tion. " Out le t for s kills By las t fall 60 C herokees had been employed for ind ua t�i�l- site cons r t uc t ion . Once operat ing, Mr. Keen poin�s out, it hap permanen� jobs for 40. This 1in ter, new cons t ruc tion - an o f fice b uildirtg, a warehouse­ nas provided work for more . Act ually t he projec t reaches far t her. S am Sanders, a C herokee and former newspaper repor ter, manages t he Art s and Craf t s Center . It provedes an outle t for Indian cra f t �orkers ' in nearby villages . They produce fabrics, sport s clo thes for r;1en and women, ceramics , and o t her obje t s d'art carved from rJOod. Bes ides, Mr. Sanders works wit h s urroundi�g commu1ii ties in develop· ing cra f t guilds . C herokee craf tsmen are not ed for t heir homespun woolens . Since 1935, t he Indian Arts and C ra f t s Board of t he In terior Depart ment has worked wi t h Oklahoia Indians , helping t hem develop great weaving s kill s . Tahlequah is o f fering India� s ot her employm�nt oppor t unities. The C herokee Nat ional His to�ical Societ y las t year opened to t he public a It C herokee Village , illus trating the Indian way of life around 1700. h a d a n average o f 200 visi tors o n weekdays , 600 to 800 over weekend s . Projec t s aean jobs Col. M. A. HagPrstand , t he socie t y's executive vice-president, says this year or nex t will see t he opening o f a 3,000-seat amphi t heater. Dr. Kermit Hun t er, 7ho ·iTrotf' t he C herokee drana , "Un to T hese Rills " biven every s umraer by t he prospering Cherokee remnan t in Nor t h C arolina, h as writ t en an epic his torical drama to be presen ted here . The C herokee Village S uch proje�t s, point s out Mr. Keen, mean jobs. uses 30 to 50 Indians d urin g eigh t mon t hs of t he year . The drama will In Nort h C arolina, t he C hero­ employ lOC t hrou ghou t t hree summer mon t h s . kee project has hrough t enough money into t he community so t hat federal Indian 1elf are expendit ures have cropred from over $114,ooo annually t o $50,000 between 1960 and 1965� "ile're try.;ng t o remain so f lexible, " observes Mr . Keen , " t ha t we This isn' t an Indian can t ake advant a ge o f anyt hing that comes along. a people's problem . " problem . Itl.!.s (�ontinnPn nn n��P R) • �( 8) YOUNG CHEROKEES PROT�ST (Con t in u e d from page 7) • • • Oklahoma is a stat e where t h is can b e sai d mean ingful ly. The inter­ m i x t u r e of In d ian an d wh i t e b lood is c lose to un ive rsal. Young Mr. K e e n, wi t h a b a c kgroun d as spe c ialist in In d ian affairs, offers limse lf as a c ase in poin t. 11I'm half C h e roke e," he says, " bu t I was raise d as t hough I we r e a full b lood . My fat h e r was Ir ish, my s t e pfat h e r was C hoc ktaw . We l ive d in Osage count ry. So Osages always c ould call me a C hoc taw and C hoc t aws could always say I was a C h e roke e ! " Mr . Ke e n says h e hasn't a n y t ime for c r i t i cs o f what t he K e e l e r administr at ion i s doing h e r e . As ind i c a t e d, t h e r e a r e c r i t i cs. F inis J. Smi t h , c h i e f of t h e Nigh t hawk K e e toowah Soc i e t y, d e sc r i b e s the C h e ro­ ke e si t ua t ion - meaning Mr. Ke e le r's role as appoint e d c h i e f - "a gross violat io n of Ame r i c an democ rat i c i d e als." This con tai ns an allusion to t h e C h e roke e Exe c u t ive Comwi t t e e , a sor t of advisory c ab in e t forme d to work w i t h Mr. Ke e le r in 1548. _\pparentl' none of i ts memb e rs speak the C h e roke e Janguage. Tjey are not �lec t e d T h e y de represe n t , as Mr. Ke e l e r's suppor t e �s poin t ou t , b y t h e t rib e . a pot e n t ial rese rvoir for fut ur� e le c t e d t r ibal lead e rship. T r yin g to sum up a si tuat ion so complex t hat e ve n C he roke es admit to n ume rous un c e r t ain ti�sr a r e por t e r c owing from t h e ou tside would se t down t hese c on c l usions as fac t: Mr. Ke e le�, as pr i n c ipal c h i e f, ob vious ly b elieves t hat b u i ld ing up a C h e roke e e c onomi c b ase will make possib le a con t inuan c e of In�ian c u l t ure. E is ct'it i c s r e pr e sent a r e surge n c e of Che roke e 11hat ionalism11 that hopes for a re t u rn of t h e days whe n C h e roke es e le c t e d t h e ir own offi c ials and t ook par t in making t r ibal d e c isions. The y b e l i e ve this rJ st come fi rst. The y ar e no t e n t i re l y c e r t ain t h e y wan t irospe r i t y on the �hi t e soc i e t y's t e ros. In be t we en, the fac t t hat t housands of C h e roke es � ave b e co·.1e more Oklahoman t han In d ian raise s many quest ions . Some elei1e nts r e sist �ny Man y se e m tot ally ind effe r e n t . sort of c han ge. Conservat ive e l e m e n t Memb e r s of t h e N i gh t hawk Ke e toowah Soc i e t y, for example, r e pr esent a pe rsis t ing c onse rvat ive e leme n t in t h e h i ll coun t r y. The nafile " Ke e t ­ oowah " goes back mayb e 3,000 years an d r ef e rs t o a c onc ept of Ind ian be havior t hat �s futidamen tally r e ligious . The K e e toowah S oc ie t y i tse lf was foun d e d in 1858 an d in corpor�t e d in 1905. The Nishthawk Ke e t oowahs a r e an offshoot. On �he other hand, Che roke es l ik e Mr. Ke e n are ac t ive ly con c e rned abou t t he fu tur e . They be lieve , as Mr. Ke e n hiJ.1se lf e mphasizes , t hat Ind ian value s and mod e r n e c o�omi c progr ess c�n t h r ive toge ther. " It produc e s 11Now we have a c u l t ur e hase d on we lfar e , " h e says. on ly a v i c io us c i r c le. Alr eady, d u e to t his c e n t e r, we have me n who are ac q u i r i n g work ing habi t s . The y have re gain e d some los t human pre s t ige . Some of the m , for t h e first t ime in th e ir l ive s, have e xpe r i e n c e d the p r e s t ige of b r i nging home a w e ekly pay c h e ck. " (F rom T h e C hrist ian S c i e n c e Moni tor, by Kimruis Hendri ck, 4/4/66) .. PRIVILEGE and RESPONSIBILITY desc r ibe your pr ese n c e at June 17 th Pr imar y Ele�t ior, whe n you will be aske d to e xpress your opinion on the t hre e r efe r e n d um ques�ions. N e x t mon th r ead abou t A Changin g C u l t ure , ho11 t he Eskimo adjus ts. Aiso r e ad a r e v i e w b y t h e e ditor of The New Indians, au t hor, C'+"'..;""'�1'.'. fl r"n'"'""+ ,....f' llT)"',::I T),....,.o.,..llrjn�,...,..;J-,-jl""O: ." n-r"'W-il1"' -=>"1.iTOl"" "'f' t-.hP �(9) EDITOHIALS ( C on tinue d from page 4) and inc apable of havin g a say in t he ir own de stiny . Some Indians do assimi lat e , bu t some do n o t, t h e c hoic e sho u l d be l e f t t o e a c h individ ual. I f t h e Republic ans were tru t h f u l, t h e plank w o u l d have b e e n word e d. suc h t hat t he Re publicans w o u ld hav e admit t e d t ha t what t h e y were re ally se e kin g w as to d e s troy what lit t le the Maine Indiaris hav e le f t . I t i s ironic t hat t h e Pre amble t o t h e 1968 Maine GOP P lat form c on t ains t h e w ords; " Fre e dom. f t he individual, wi t h e q ual oppor t uni t y for all, i s t h e ke y t o t he g�e a t n e ss of Maine and o f o ur nation . The sta t e must ad e q ua t e ly f u lfi ll its ob liga tion t o assis t t h ose c i t iz e ns who are inge n uin e n e e d . At th e same time, h owever, individual initia t iv e , re sponsibilit y and res ourc e f ulness must be c onstan t ly e n c o urage d." T he Newsle t t e r su gge sts t hat inst e ad of alie na ting t h e Indians, alon g •1it h ot h e r win orit y groups, t ha t t h e R e pub licans se e k to d e al vi t h t h e proble ms where t h e y exis t. Wh e n Port land and �at e rville had_ urban r�ne wa l proble ms t h e y a t t e mr1t e d t o d e al wi th- t he problems where t h e y e x:kte d, an d t h e y did not assimilat e t h eir �oor in to other communitie s . T h e re is n o re ason why t h e Indian reservat ions sh ould n o t � e treat e d similiar ly b y t he S tat e . * MONTHS OF THE YEAR The Indians c omme n c e the year from the new moon pre c e ding C hrist ­ mas; t he y c ou n t t h e mo nths by moons , an d t h e first day of e a�h n e w mo on is t he first day of the mon t h . As in s ome ye ars the re are t hirte en o ons , t h e n t h e In dians skip t h e moon b e twe en July and Augu st , and t h e y c a l l i t Abonamwik i zoos L.e t this mo on go. ) January . - *Onglusamwessit ( i t is v ery hard to ge t a livin g . ) Fe bruary . - Taq uask'nikizoos ( moon in whic h t h ere is c rust on t h e snow . ) Marc h.- Pnh6damwikizoos ( m oon in whi c h h e ns lay . ) April . - Arousswikizoos ( moon in whi c h we c a t c h fish . ) May . - Kikkaiki zoos ( moon in whic h we sow. ) Jun e . - M usk oskikizoos ( moon in w hi c h we c a t c h young seals. ) Jul y . - A t c hit t�ikiz o os ( moon in whi c h t h e berfies are ripe . ) / August . - Wikkaikizoos ( moon in whi c h t h ere is a h e ap o f e e ls on t h e sand . ) S e p t e mber . -Moi1 t c h e wad okkizoos ( moon in whi c l-i t h ere are h erds of mooses, bears, &c . ) Oct �be r . - Assebaskwat s ( t here is ric e on t h e bord e rs . ) ov ember.- Abonomhsswikizoos ( moon in whi c h t h e frost -fish c ome s. ) De c embe r . - e t c hikizoos ( t he long moon . ) * T his mon t h was c alle d f ormerly Mekwas'q u e ( t h e cold is gre a t ) ; bu t sin c e t h e y were a�priv e d o f t h e ir ric h se t t lall e n t s in t he iennebic, i t is calle d as abov e . 1 ( Take n from the ALNAMBAY ULI AWIKHI GAN, BY Fa t h e r Eug e n e Ve tromile , e i t h e r 1856 or 1858, Historian of Holy C ross C olle ge, �oost er, Mass. T h is is a prayer book wit h the P e nob scot, f1icmac, Passamaq u od d y, an d Mal e c i t e words transJate d . Giv e n to me by my grand fat her Evans Phillip8 ) * I t 's not t �o lat e to subscrib e t o t he Newsle t t e r. S e nd in your name and adre ss and zip code wi t h t h e suoscription blank on·the last page . I f y0u know of any frie nds or anybody who migh t be ,int e rest e d s e n d i n t heir na�es and w e w ill send t h e m a c omplimentary c opy t o 6e t t h e m in t e r e st e d i n what our Mati.ne In dians are d oin g. * �(10) I.ETT ERS TO THE ED IT O R O ld T own, Mai ne De ar Ed i tor, I was pre se n t at t h e me e t ing May 4, 1968 at East port, i t h t he S t a t e offic ials and Fe d e ral Offi c ials and e a c h T ribe off i c ials, aJi I c ou l d s e e as far as progress is c on c e rne d was t h ings have be e n put down on pap e r and submi t e d . Now how long to wai t? I h e ard Se n e t or B e cke t e xpre ss the ne ed to improve t he Prins ton St rip by making a show pla c e of i t by mov ing t h e Ind ians back up the hi l l. If I was a me mbe r of the Ind i ans I wou ld not allow t he State to s ay I had not mad e progress . I would show t h e m t hat I hav e . F i r s t b y t e ll ing t h e m t h e firs t home I had l iv e d i n was one room now I hav e t hre e rooms and t e n c h ildre n . Then I wou ld sh9w my old wood s t ov e I use d t o use , now I have an oi l s t ov e wh i c h may blow up any min u t e bu t t h is is progre ss . T he n I wou ld show t h e m my sink w i t h a shinny fau c e t no wat e r b y a sink . Th e n I vould show the m � y bathroom f i c a l i t ie s t h e one I had 20 yr ago was & pai l out back, bu t now I have a pai l with a roof over it and a door. This same progress has also b e e n a c ompl ish e d in Old T own I do not l i v e on t he Island be cause there is nb plac e to l i v e t h e re is no re n t s avalible the re all the progressiv e homes are in use now . T hanks for h e aring me ou t . Phyl l is McGeane 202 N. Brunswick St . Old T own, Me . 04468 ( E>itor's not e : T hank you for saying i t 1) • . De ar Euge n ia: I ' m e nc losing a c lipping of Roger Ran c e's answer to Raymond tioore ' s It was on c laim t ha t t h e Ind ians w e re ge t t ing lazy liv ing off We lfare . t he FRO NT PAGE t oo! I ' v e t alke d t o some pe ople at P l e asan t Poi n t and t he y told me t hat q u i t e a few people had to re ly on We lfare be c ause there were no j©bs avai lable at t he t ime. I'm e n c losing his l e t t e r. R i c ke r C ollege is he lp�ng t h e I also hav e good n ews to r e port. Hou l t on Ind ians in regards t o h ousing, e mploym e n t , an d health serv i c e s. T h e y hope to ge t an organ izer from Hou l t on ( who will be Ind ian ) t o s tart t h e program . I w i l l ge t t he full par t i c u lars from Mr. Fre deri�k H e in z e from Ri c ker. It t ook a long t ime, but i t's final ly happe n i ng. In a year of so t h e In d ians on t h e Hou l ton F lats wi l l hav e all mode rn fac i l i t ies. Am cl e n ding you a l e t t e r I got from a Doris Diabo Me l l iad is and undoub t l y she t hought I was t h e Ed i tor bu t I hav e wri t t e n to her t o c larify t h is . T h e l�sts o f fort h c o@ing e v e n ts may b e be nefic ial to some one w i thin our c ir c u lat ion are a. As I'm wri t ing th is, a man from t he Fore s t r y Dept. is giv ing insrt u c t ions to f i v e young m e n who are And they wil l ge t as h igh as $1. 75 an hour s tu dying to be fire figh t e rs . whi l e l e arning. I don't hav e muc h n e ws to report at this t ime bu t wi ll hav e some n e x t time . I'l l sign off for now Yours truly Mor-ris Brooks Se e page 16 for Boger P.an c o's l e t t e r to t he e ditor of ( Ed i t or's not e : Be c ause it was pert in e n t, Roger's le t t e r to t h e Bangor Dai ly Ne ws. I·lorris nill be i n c lude d . ) ( Le t t e rs to t h e Ed i tor c on t inued on page 13) �(11) A PA.SSAiU\C'UODDY VIW.'78 RIGHTS AHD TTF.LFARE by Kent ·1ard l·iaine Indians have been made lazy by welfare programs, have been pushed too hard on civil rights issues, are not the victims of discrimination that some claim them to be, and realize that any hope of rising above their generally lo� economic cltatus is tied c:osely to educatio n. Those are not the provocative views of a non-Indian . Rather they belong to a young member of the Passamaquoddy rribe, Raymond J . llol-re, who left the Pleasant Point .eservation at Perry to find work in Eangor. . •loore, 30, a former Indian constable and the father of six children ranging i� age from four to 13, is employed in the maintenance department at St. Hospital and lives in Bangor. Joseph ··I wouldn't move back to the reservation, 11 he said in an interviet • 11This is the first place I ever liked. Je are t'1ell accepted in every way by my iellow '1orkers and my neighbors.11 Stimulated by a series of articles which the recen tly ran on the Passamaquoddies, Moore took the occasion to express his thoughts on a number of things vital to his people, all the while calling � a a spade spade. '"'Ihe white man has made us lazy with all of th:a.s welfare business, ;i Moore charged. "I have been trying to make people unJerstand that most of this assis­ tance should go to the old people. Tiley are the ones who are struggling. But there are too many Indian men from 16 to 40 years old collecting unemployment. If you could get a handout on unemployment wculd you work7n There are woods jobs in the Princeton area available, Moore said, giving a left-handed complim nt to the job performance of Indians th::s way, :'If you But as things stand now, can get them to work, you couldn't find a better man. It saddens me that these the wrong ones are getting welfare and too much of it. young, able-bodied men are abusing this program . • • • :: i-··oore has other vie� s too. against Massachusetts (for uith the Passamaquoddies) $150 On civil rigl'.ts: million, has been in the l-1orks, on this civil rights business. ;;Ever since this lawsuit charging violation of a Believe me, treaty my people have knm'inwhat has been going on in our relations with the state all these years. dumb. tut instead of erupting things, get help." 1794 we have been pushed too nruch These people are not they didn't lmow how to go about it to 11Tle knew what was going on and it was happening right in front of our But there is too much distrust in each and every one of us. noses. outside group comes along and says this and that, If some we would rather believe them than our own leaders.' ';Personally, I would have accepted some sort of an apology from the state that things hadn't been just right, and a promise to star.t out new, rather than This last remark was a reference to tne way it is going now, ;i he declared. counsel Moore says the Indians have been given on several occasions in the past by certain non-Indians to participate in sit-ins and protest marches to draH attention to grievances. On discrimination against Indians: between the two reservations my oeople and the outside, 11 Moore said, to �·ayne Newell, another Passamaquoddy, £"ife in Washington County. 11There is more discrimination practiced (Fleasant Point and Indian Township) than between in commenting upon a statement attributed that discrimination toward Indians is ; I have been accepted as well as anyone else in T·lashington County, n he remarked. "I have never been refused anything. walked into barbershops and the man has said haircut. 'next' I have and given me a wonderful I hav� established credit in various places. As a matter of fact, I wish it hadn't been so easy sometimts • • • • i: "As for the ·lashington County courts, there definit�ly is no prejudice (Continued on Page 12) �(12) (Con tinue d from Page 11) towar d s Ind ian s as far as I can s e e . I persona l ly l now of many t ime s whi l e I was cons ta l e t ha t t h e j udge w a s very lenie n t with Ind i an s , exp lain ing to them in many c a s e s why he wa s f ining them , and g iving them extra t ime to pay , : . he said , On educat ion : "Educ a t i on i s the mo s t impor tant thing r igh t now . I wan t my children to g e t a fu l l educa tion and tha t is my prime reason for ge t t ing away from the r e se&:vat ion . I ' m hEr e , bu t s omehow or o ther my heart is s t i l l dO'wn there . I wish many t ime s I could go back and do some good . But I am too late , I have a grown fami ly . The l id s back home don ' t ge t too tll\... ch encouragement from home to f in i s h high s choo l , but I can promi s e you I am go ing to g ive my children encouragement , " s aid the young Pas samaquoddy who dr opped out of Dhead Memorial High S choo l , Eas tpor t , af ter abou t a year of high schoo l . ; I d i dn ' t r e a l i z e the s e thing s un t i l I moved away from the re s ervat ion . I was b l inded by l i fe dmm there A. s imi lar view on the va lue of an education was expr e s s ed by ano ther Pas sa­ maquoddy in a l e t ter to the News las t week . Pe ter A. l1i t che l l , a former Pas sa­ maquodd y Tr ibal c lerk who a l�ow works at S t . Jo seph Hospi tal , commen ted on a r ecent news s tory t e l l ing about the p lans of Newe l l to r e turn to the res ervat ion and coun s e l you th . 1 1 Th i s s t ory repr e s e n t s for m e a hope , 1 1 wro te Ml.. t che l l . 1 1A fr i end , H ayne Hi..; task wi l l no t be an e asy one Newe l l , sha l l be e ff e c t ive in h i s endeavor . and h i s e ffor t s wi l l n o t a lways be appr e c iated from a l l quar ters wi thin the trib e . ' ' 1 Bu t Wayne i s a man o f s trong conv i c t ion and I am cer tain h e wi l l not My pro found hope is permi t cr i t i c ism or adver s i ty to d e te r his gr od purpo se . tha t he w i l l be ab l e t o reach and convince Indian youth abou t the advantages of a I1igher educat ion . " (From the Bangor D a i ly 1'1ews , 4 / 16 / 68 . See Pag e s 1 8 - 20 , Apr i l i s sue . - Ed . ) • • • • 1 1 CtmTIS SEEKS KENNEDY HELP AT IND IAN AFFAIRS HEARING (AP) - Gov . Cur t i s asked Sen �obe r t F . Kennedy Frid ay to come to Maine and Cur t i s ' office ho ld a hear ing w i th h i s Senate Subcommi t te e on Ind ian Education . said he has asked t he He't·J York Democr a t i c s enator to help make a l l federal pro ­ grams for Indian s avai lab l e to a l l Ind ians , in clud ing tho se who s e r e s erva tions are under s ta t e , and not federal , superv i s ion . \ The r e q ue s t s were d i s c losed by Cur t i s ' o f f i c e in his ab sence on a F lor ida vacat ion . They were inc luded in a l e t t e r in wh ich Cur t i s a l s o inc luded a sum­ That wa s when mary of Ind i an educat ion prog�am.S in Haine s ince July 1, 1 9 66 . the leg i s la ture tran s ferred r e s pons ib i l i ty for Indi an educat ion from the S tate D epar tment of Hea l th & ·1e l fare to the Department of Educat ion The announc emen t said the r e que s t s wer e made after Cur t i s consu l ted with the Depar tmen t of Ind i an Affair s , Department of Educat ion and the Maine Indian 1 r il:. a l Counc i ls . Las t January 11th , i t added , the Triba l Coun c i l s o f the two Pas s ama quoddy Ind ian Re s erva t ions in Washing ton County unanimous ly pas sed a r e s o lu t ion s ta t ing the ir wi s h to t e s t i fy b e fore the Kenne dy sub commi t tee . Such a hear- ing , Cnr t i s s aid , could ' 1 pr ovide a s timulus for new and cre a t ive t �lking in t he area o f Ind ian educat ion and sugge s t new me thods and programs " Maine a l s o ha s a r e s ervation for Penob s co t to d eve l op gre a t er oppor tun i t ie s . • • • • Ind ian s , i n O l d Town . 1 ' Th i s s t a te , who s e t r ib e s have no r e l a t ion ship with the federal government , has suffered by no c b e ing invo lved in federal l e g i s l at ion to bene f i t American E ar l i er this week , Curt i s ' o f f i c e announced that Ind ian s , " the g overnor s aid . he has aske d governor s o f �even o ther s t a t e s having s�b s tanial number s of " s tate11 Ind ians to j o in him in urg ing Congr e s s and federa l agenc ie s to e l iminate the dis• He also made t in c t ion and make all In� ians e l igib le for all federal programs . the s ame reque s t of V i c e Pre s ident Humphrey , who he ad s the newly created Nation al Counc i l on Ind i an Oppor tuni ty . (From th� Kenneb e c Journa l , 4 / 20 / 6 8 ) �( 13 ) LETTERS TO THE ED �TOR ( C on t inu e d f r om page 10 ) D e_ar Mo rr i s ; I r e c e iv e d your l e t t e r and was ple as e d t o h e ar t h a t I am n o t t he o n l y one that t h ough t ab out ans w e r ing that ar t i c le t h a t was i n t h e Bangor pape r . H e will f ind out only t o o s o on that h e ' l l pe going b a c k t o t h e r e s e rv a t i on old an d unab le t o w o rk . I hav e b e e n h e r e in Bar H arb or s in c e June 1956 and I kn ow h mv i t is t o be on your own , and I kn ow i t is n o t a b e d o f r o s e s . I ·' m a ur e you mus t kn ow t o o . No I w o u ldn ' t min d i f you s e n t the c l ip D ing t o E ugenia T h ompson as I ' m � �re . s h e � ou l d � e more t h an glad to put i t . in � t h� N� Js I � t t e r . I have b e e n wan t ing t o c ome d own t o s e e s ome o f my o l d f r i e n ds a t t h e Poin t b u t I have b e e n pre t t y b us y . I hav en ' t b e en t h e r e in ab o u t 8 or 9 years , I pr ob ab ly wouldn ' t know anyb ody d own t h e r e n ow . I have b e e n pre t t y a c tive i n poli t i c s , I a m o n t h e 1own C amm i , C oun t y C omm . , and I am a D e le ga t e t o t h e S t a t e C onv e n t i on that is t o b e he ld in Augus t a May 17t h & 18th . Oh ye s D eQo c ra t e t o o . e ll I h o pe you ke e p in t o u c h as I w o uld l ike t o kn ow how t hings are g o i n g . S in c e r e ly your s , Roger Ran c o D e ar Euge n ia : N o d o ub t , y o u h av e r e ad of t he ar r e s t wh i c h f o l l ow e d t he Rling ' o f t h e Ind ian land c a s e in c our t . I f you fe e l t ha t is is a good id e a t o r e p r in t any o f t he ne wspap e r 1r t i c le s c on c e rning t h i s obvi ous frame -up , I ' d gre a t ly appr e c i a t e y o ur le t t in g me kn ow , s o tha t I c ould wr i t e s ome t h i n g , or s ugge s t t o a f r i e n d t o wri t e s ome t h ing, s e t t in g f or t h the t r ue gi s t o f w h a t t h e s m e a r i s a l l ab ou t , wh i c h you c ould pub lish a l ongs ide o f a n y r e pr i n t you m a y h a v e i n t e nd e d t o run . N e e d le s s t o s a y , fur t h e r c i r c u la t i o n o f t h e s e s t or i e s ab out my ar r e s t isn ' t going t o h e lp me ge t a fair trial . B u t , as I s a y , i f y,ou f e e l that yo� wan t t o run one o f th e m , I ' d appr e c ia t e your l e t t in g me know so tha t I c an t r y to s e t t he re c ord s t raight in y our s ame i s s ue . Thanks f or e v e r y though t ful c on s i d e ra t i on . Ev e n t h o ugh , f r om what you have r ob a b ly s e e n in t h e pape r , t h ings may l o ok b adly on t h � s s c o r e , t h e y a r e � ' t � ha t w a y a t a l l , y o u c an b e s � r e . Re gards , D on Ge l l e r s ( Ed i t or ' s n o t e : Un f or t una t e ly t h e Mar c h i s s ue o f the News le t t e r c ame out a few days ( wi t h t he art i c le , page 12 ) b e f o r e the arr i v a l of Mr . G e l l e rs l e t ter . A s ub s e q u e n t t e l�ph one c a l l was made t o re q u e s t t h a t he r e p l y . anyw ay . The Apr i l i s cue was he ld , pending h i s r e ply , b u t as Mr . G e l l e r s r e la t e d t h e harm w a s d o ne , an d i t w a s t o o l a t e . Wha t more c an a p e r s on s ay t han , 1 1 I a m inn o c e n t . " ) D e ar Mr s . Th omps JnI w o u ld l ike to r e c e iv e a l l i s s ue s s in c e the D e c emb � r is sue , if this i s p o s s ib le . On c e again . thank you f o r a l l your he lp f or my B os t on G l ob e ar t i c le on t he Pas s amaqu od dys , las t Nov e mb e r . Wis hing y o u muc � s u c c e s s w i t h t he News le t t e r . S in c e re ly yours , And r e a S c h e rm e r ( Le t t e rs c on t in u e d on page 14 ) �( 14 ) D e ar S ir : At a t ra in i n g program he ld in F e b ruary and Mar c h a t t he Un iv e r s i t y o f �ifi s c on � in , I made t h e a c quain t an c e of Mr . Morris B r o oks , Pas samaqu oddy . T r ib e - - Pr i n c e t on , Maine . He t ol d me much ab out the pr ob lems of Ame r i c an Ind ians and t o ld me als o o f your n e w s le t t e r . H e gav e �e an o l d i s s ue t o r e a d b u t I w o u l d l ike t o re c e ive t h e · News le t t e r r e gularly . I am e n ­ c l os ing $ 2. 00 I f t h e s ub s c ript i on is more t han this , p l e a s e advi s e . I am h o�e f u l , t ha t in r e a di ng how o t h e r groups d e a l with the varie t y o f p r ob lems f a c ing t he p o o r , I m a y b e b e t t e r ab le t o d e a l e f f e c t i ve ly w i t h .t h e pr ob l ems in my own ar e a . �ve are ( t he Fa c i l i t y ) a t w o - c oun ty 0 ommµn i t y Ac t i on Age n c y s p ons o r e d b y OEO . S in c e re ly , C ons t an c e S . Muns on , c o or d in a t or Fulmon t N e i gh � orh ood C e n t e ra D e ar E u ge n ia Thompson , We t r i e d tw i c e un s u c e s s fully t o me e t �1i t h you a t your ho�e . Y o u are as muc h on t h e move as a r e we an d oo wi l l hope that we c Qn; c an me e t you s ome t im e in the f u t u r e . Your p ub l i s h ing o f our S WEETGRAS S las e s umr.le r ( s e e May and June Ne w s le t t e r , THE T O UCH OF S �JEETG RAS S b y A . E. Mc innis ) was a pleasant s urpri z e t o us and we have w on d e re d wha t t h e r e a c t i on to i t ·..:by your r e ad e r s we re ? The r e a l t r e as ure o f our Pe ople , t h e Ame r indian l i e s in the t r e as ure o f t h e i r p oe t r y , mus i c , l e ge nd s , and hand i c r a f t s . 1e s ome t i�e s s uspe c t t he s parkle i n s ome e ye s i s n o t c on c e rn f o r h i s B r o t he r t h e redman b u t m o r e t h e s parkle o f wha t e v e r s i lve r ill i gh t b e ob t a ine d f � om t he m . C ou l d y o u s e nd a c opy o f one o f your is s u e s t 6 . � . E n c l o s e d is a c lippin g f r om Na t i onal F i s h e rman . T p ou gh t you mi g ght b e in t e r e s t e d in t h is Ind i an gi r l . We w e r e e n t e r taine d r oyally b y an o t h e r Ind ian gir l - - your c harm­ f i � l e d daugh t e r . S he v e r y s e r i o u b ly in t r od u c e d �s t o h e r li t t l e warri or b r o t h e r . We aske d , " W.h e re d i d you f ind him ? W e w o u ld like v e ry mu c h t o f ind one l ike h im . " S h e ans we re d , " f o und h im in t h e ga r d e n und e r a c ab b age plan t . 11 We w o u ldn ' t wan t to d is i l lus i on her b u t we l o oke d a l l ov e r our g gar d e n and f ound n o thing half s o ni c e as h e r l i t t le b r o t h e r . S in c e r e ly , A . E . Mc innis ( E d i t o r ' s n o t e : we are l o okin g f orwa r d to me e t ing you , and t a lkin g with wi th y o u ab o u t In d i an th ings . Your a r t i c le ab o u t swe e t grass b r ough t to l i fe , the manne r of the Ind ian . Ne hav e an old s we e t grass c omb , which u s e was made more meaningful by your ar t i c le . I , t o o , b e li e v e t ha t woney is the r o o t of all e1r i l , this we c an ob s e rv e t h rough out our ( In d ian ) � i s t o ry . The s pa rkle a l l t o o o f t e n t urns in t o e v i l blin t , when s ome t hing i s g o t t en t h r ough n o e f f or t . N o e f f or t b e ing the b r e aking o f t r e a t i e s , Now t ha t the land c o un t e r f e i t in g o f d e e d s , e xchanging w i t h b e ad s , e t c . is a lm o s t gone , the use is t aken out o f i t , and wha t pr i c e is paid f o r pollu t i on · o f t h e w a t e r s , d e s e c r a t i on o f the f o r e s t s , a n d o t h e r d e b as emen ts . N o t hing , t he s t a t � h i d e s i t s t r i b a l ac c o unt s , t h e indus t r i e s fails t o c l e an up a f t e r thems e lv e s , a l l f or n o t h in g . T hank G o d w e s t i ll have our Mayb e i t ' s a good Lc t 1 s t r y and �e lp t o ke e p them c le an . R e s e rv a t i ons . t h ing t ha t indus t r i e s have n o t inv ade d our land s , o t h e rwis e , we ' d b e d i r t y , and our e ye s w o u ld b e f u l l o f glin t , t o o ! ) ( Le t t e rs , c on t inue d on page 15 ) �( 15) D e a r G e n t le me n , All the European the IFI on f r i e n d s o f Ame r i c an In t e r e s s e n g e me i n s c ha f t f ti r - Ame r i c an fac t t ha t NCAI - Th e In d i an this Na t i on a l NC A I is T he on the wh o l e the we ll a s is as the hav e g� i n e d s upp o r t to the j o i n in g a of a c t iv e ly the the ir the IF I c on t r ib u t i on of to fie lds of pre s e n t I n d i an r e s pe c t e d the the Indian giv e In t he the free world . of the the voice w is d om , NCA I future and a v e -ry In Q ian e nduran c e i t will in appr o a c h be im ­ an c u l t ur a l on e o r gan i z a t i on an t hr o u gh o u t the and in all n on - I n d ian t h e y s h o � ld t rad i t i on a l l y re ­ charac t e r i z e pe o pl e . the y ou r E u r o p e an friends a s s i s t an c e to of Ame r i c an I n d i an p e o p l e 1346 C onne c t i c u t Was h in g t on , the y s h o u l d have and t o mi s s in f or the b e c omin g the ir long p o t e n t ia l t he o f Arae r i c an Av e n u e , 20 036 2 23 -553 2 f o r b e c om i n g un i f i e d s p e ake r the wh i c h leader the Th e tribes , IF I is very and pr o t e c t i o n a n d in t e r e s t e d the re f ore ab o u t y o u r a im s i n e c on nm i c pr o gr e s s , of the I n d i an tribes lmd Ame r i c an In ­ I n d ian yours , A. S . d i an I n d ia ns N.W. hi s t ory . S i n c e r e ly p.s . urge n t ly D.C. 1 0 19 R o om pe ople , b e g you t he Na t i o n a l C on gr e s s that s oc ia l imp o r t an t p e ople , that will whi c h and b e c ome t h e y s h o u ld the o f N o r t h Ame r i c a t r ib e s c or r e l a t i on s c ommun i t y a n d of in t e r e s t e d i n E u r op e this t h r o u gh ­ r e s pe c t e d Ind i an e c on o m i c in t e r e s t e d I n d i an the the B e yond is of pe ople I n d i an l e g i s la t i on . I n d ian I n d ian the le ga l l y r e c o g­ to is in t e r e s t s c on c e r nin g t h e In d i an un i f i e d d i gn i t y , The r e f o r e to the role life . t h r o u gh o u t c ommu n i t y as f le c t the the NCA I the ir imp o r t a n t D .C . the and of t h e E u r ope an -Ame r i c an life . Alr e ad y a t f or of o r gan i z a t i on voice of l ii.1i t e d i n G e rmany , t o t he mos t the in � s o c i a t i on o r gan i z a t i o n or gan i z a t i on un i f i e d e fforts l i v i n g s � an d a rd p o r t an t only to i n �J a s h i ngt on , t rack un i t e d li f e and ( G e rman A as s o c ia t e Indians t o keep the r e p r e s e n t a t iv e as pr o grammin g i s ins t i t u t i ons o f E ur o pe c u l t ure a t t e n t i on nati onal a t t amp t s s ide p e r s ons . h'i t h Ame r i c a n v o t in g a n d that other as of o n ly pr i v a t e , a nd the i n d i v i d ua l s out C ongre s s whe re Indians , IF I C u l t ur e ) , d raw y o u r o r ga n i z a t i on h a s j o i n e d the t h e ms e lv e s , nized I n d ian I n d i an e rk�n d e ad v a n � e m e n t of w ork a s s s is t in g t h e your e d u c a t i on a n d of and r e s e ar c h your a ppre c i a t e would fie lds the in Thu l i n all I n d i an s . them d e v e l o pme n t , c ommun i t y and in f o rma t i on , � n f o rm i n g c on t a c t l e g i s la t i on f or the T h ank y o u ! NC A I £ K on t aks t e l le : Ax e l S c h u l z e -T h u l in 5463 Auf Unke l a. Rh e in d e m R h e inb ti c h e l G e rmany ( Ed i t o r ' s note : t h e m s e lv e s is la t i o n at c ould and v a r i o us The NCA I was f r e e ly policy . " time s and b a n d s . Has T h e Ne w In dians , f ou n d e d e xpr e s s The in Nov e m�e r , the ir v i ews " Un i t e d Na t i o n s 1944 , a n d wish e s . of the 12 so on t r ib e s , 1 1 t ha t " In d i an s nati onal l e g­ r e pr e s e n t in g t o m o r e t han o n e h un Jr e d d i f f e r e n t t r ib e s n o n - v o t in g 111e mb e r s . T hi s q u o t e was t ak e n f r e;.• b u S t an S t e ine r , Harp e r and R o w , 196 8 ) f r o •u forty � o n - Ind ian , �(16) Our b e lov e d country i s a f l ame . Af lame w i th the f ire o f ha t e an-i vio l ence . v!h a t ha s happ ened to a land. - g iven by God - and once so s er e n e · and b e au t i fu l ? B e au t y no longer ex i s t s . ; e auty i s marr e d l::. y f ire s burn ing in oc.r c i t i e s . I t i s marred ty the min d s of men who advo c a t e r a c i sm a�d marred by l eade r l e s s minor i t i e s who l a s h o u t wi � h vio len c e a s a f ina l d e sper a t e a l t ern a t ive . Th i s g r e a t land tal�en by for ce from my p e o p l e is now imme r s e in an inter­ nal s tr i f e t he L e loved o f i t s oWn d o i n g . land o f his ir t h v a l i an t ly aga in s t The Ame r i can I�d ian of t oday looks and 1atches i th pain and 1gr e a t s orrow . Our Fathe r s fought he f ir s t intrud e r s of ano ther l and . They foug h t but f i na l ly to overwhe lming tac t i c s and super ior arms . Over the years , some o f a c c e p ted t h e w a y s o f l i fe o f t h e new and d ominat ing s o c i e ty . Ye t there ar e y i e lded us s ome o f u s w h o never w i l l a c ce p t n o r e v e r f ind t h e hear t to forg ive for in j u s t ices i nf l i c t e d aga in s t u s . And t o d ay , Amer i c an burn s . I t s very : 1 c o n s c ience 1 1 burns and shows . And we can o n l y look w i t h gr e a t p i ty � Pe ter A . Ni t che l l Pa s s ama quoddy Tr ib e From t he as Por t l anrt f o l l crw s : Rep . Bill t he ' : Le t te r s to 4/ 14 / 6 3 . Sunday Te legr am , Ha thaway o f Auburn , the Ed i tor : 1 of Ple a s e n t P o i n t Ue serv a t ion The who r e pr e s e n t s Te l egram o f May 5 th re por ted the the Sunday Te: legram . S e c ond D i s tr i c t , b y the commun i c a t i on f r om Pe ter A. Mi t che l l o f t he Pa s s amaquoddy Tr i b e ' s ant Po i n t Re s ervat i o n . So much so that he p l aced it in the Appendix of Congr e s s ional Re cord . Ha t haway commen t e d : of our the of tr e a tmen t of fate Sunday Te le gram s erve s r emai ns un f i l l e d . i n j u s t ic e d orman t in y e t my co l l e ague s . r a t iona l i zing , do cumen t a tion to r emind u s The l e t t er to the e d i tor of an ob l igat ion which y e t Never b e fore have I re ad s u c h a po ignan t remind er o f the inf l i c t e d upon 1 1 In ho p e s hi8 t9ty 1 s : i r a t wi t ho u t p a in can ue r e ad Pleas­ the the Ame r i can Ind ian - and we ar e prone to r a t iona l i ze that o f a free nat ion d emand ed some s a cr i f ic e . t he Ma ine r ead s He wa s e s pe c ia l ly t ouched t ha t the s e forgo t ten American s . i t w i l l arouse too many Ame r i c an s , '1 t he he ar t s tr ings o f u.ud e r s t and ing ly ing I commend thi s l e t t er to the at t e n t ion o f Then , ma y w e g e t o n w i t h t h e t a s k c, f r e pair ing , ra ther t han Ame r ica ' • in the s t ruc tur e of the Ame r i c an dream . t he we akne s s e s fu t ur e d e p end s upon i t • 1 • 1 1 110 LAZIER TIIAl:I OTHER S ' : To t he Ed i t or : I a m wr i t ing y o u t o expr e s s my o p inion on t h e i n t e rview Ke n t Hard had F ir s t of a l l , I am a Pencb· ( Se e Page 1 1 - 1 2 , t h i s i s s ue . ) w i t h R aymond Moor e . s co t Ind i an now l iv in g in 3 ar Harbor and haL e b e en for 12 years . that the Hai n e Ind ian s have b e e n any laz i er than any ot he r I agr e e wi th Mr . I'1oore tha t � e op l e , b l ack or whi t e , due to w e l fare pro grams . t he a s s i s t an c e s hou ld b e f o r the o ld e r peop l e and tho s e who are unaL le to work I don ' t b e l i eve p hy s i c a l ly . I a l s o agr e e un empl oyme n t . t ha t the re are !nd ian men I a l s o know you have t o :work and 40 y e ar s of age co l l e c t ing so much b e f o r e you can be en t i t l ed 16 t o dr aw unemp loymen t . 1 794 Mr . Moore men t ioned s ome th ing about the s u i t a c hu s e t t s , charg ing v io l a t ion of the of $ 1 50 t r e a ty wi t h the mi l l ion agains t Mas s • Pas s amaquoddy Ind ian s . l ike t o know f o r my s e l f wha t b e came 0 f $ 5 0 , 000 'he S t a te o f Maine paid 4 Town s h i p s men t ion e d in the June 1 0 , 1833 t r e a ty and the i n t e re s t , r e ckoning f r om the d a t e there o f, that was depo s i t ed in the S ta te Treas • I wou ld for ury t he pur c t- a s e of 4/19/68) �(17 ) LI '!:'':":'LE rnD IAP G IRL CAUSES L IG 7ROUI LE b y Ha l Humphrey HOLLYWOOD - Buf fy S a i n t e -Marie , the f o l k s i nger and a spr ig of a g ir l , s in g l e ha nd e d ly up s e t a long - s t anding Ho l lywood t r ad i t i o n . A Cr e e Ind i a n he r s e l f , s he i n s i s t e d when h i r e d t o ac t in an e p i sode o f " The Virg i n i an 1 1 t h a t ha s all 5 0 o t her Ind i an par t s in i t be c a s t wi th r e a l Ind i an s t o o . Thi s wa s an unheard - o f r e que s t , b e cau s e i t i s a we l l -known f a c t in f i lm c ir c l e s h e r e tha t r e a l Ind i an s never p l ay Ind i a n s in we s t er n s . The S cr e e n Ex t r a s Gui l d ha s a l arge a s s or tmen t o f Mex i can s , I t a l i a n s and mix t u r e s . who pa s s a s Ind i an s i n a l l mov i e s and TV . Even D enny Rub in , the Jewi s h come d i an , ha s p l ay ed an Ind i an . The on ly ex c e p t ion to t h i s Ho l l ywood ru l e i s Jay S i lverhe e l s , the Mohawk I n d i an ·who p la ye d Ton t o in the " Lone R ang e r " for many s e a s o n s . Jay , i n c i d e n t ­ a l l y , ha s an In d i an Ac t or s Horkshop , b u t ha s had t roub l e g e t t in g h i s gradu a t e s i n t o t h e gu i l d s o t h e y can f ind work . " They a lway s u s e t he ex cu s e t h a t r e a l Ind i an s can ' t be found , " s a y s Ni s s S a in t e -Mar t e , " b u t I have mad e i t s o they cann o t s ay tha t any mor e . Do you know ther e ar e 20 , 000 Ind i an s in the Lo s Ange l e s ar e a , r e pre s e n t i n g 1 1 ::> d i f ­ ferent tr ib e s ? " Thi s who l e mag i l l a b e gan when Jo e l Rogo s in , produ cer of ' ' The V i r g i n ian , " spo t t e d Mi s s S a i n t e -Mar i e on Johnny Car son ' s show and d e c ided she wou l d make a g o o d a c tr e s s for a s t ory he had abou t an Ind i an gir l whom the G r a i n g er f ami ly i n " The Vir g in i an " s e nd s t o s choo l for an ec u c a t i on , then b r in g s b a ck to t h e re s erva t ion t he 40 or agr e e d , Rogo s i n wa s a the smi l ing . ignor an c e fact surpr i s e d , bu t agreed f i l le d w i t h r e a l to he r r e qu e s t tha t Ind i an s . l ive He n o t know i ng ho � tough i t wou ld be . " I g ue s s t 4ar i e , lit tle 50 o ther In ian ro l e s a l s o be and agen t s and the gu i l d gave h im troub l e , 1 1 " I t ' s b e en exp ed i e n cy and pr e s sur e in s en s i t iv i ty , tha t ' s k e p t Ind i a n s t h e y don ' t know hou lou s y t h e o t her a c t or s For a l e ad in g man t o p l ay oppo s i t e Mi s s Dav i d Carrad i ne , f i rmly . who is supp o s ed s ay s Mi s s S ai n t e ­ from t h e age n c i e s , from a c t ing . plus �ha t and the are whe n t h e y t r y t o p l ay Ind i an s . ' S ai n t e -Mar i e , t o b e one - e i g h t h Ind i an , Rogo s in bu t sug&e s t e d s he demurr e d E v e n Har r y ;• e l afon t e , a f r i end o f Mi s s Sain t e -Mar i e , wou l d n o t d o 11 to anyway , s he s ay s ) , so f in a l l y Ued Romero wa s cho s e n . ( ' He wou l d n ' t wan t He i s mo s t l y B ! a ckf o o t . Af ter a band o f · r e a l t ed t he y b e i an . ( Even r e a l ac c omp l i shed wa s the S ho shone a ch&nge ' �h a t s he wou l d l e ar n ed wh i l e thi s to get un the ma t ; 1 The is as t ime , felt she h a s is b e c au s e S ain t e -Mar i e . as a t Un ive r s a l happy as script , to t he the a c h ie�ed says this to t he i an , " and ac t ing in t e a ch her peo p l e wha t change bud g e t . She the script , S ai n t e -Mar i e . or any t h i n g e l s e , Mi s s s in g s S a i n t e -Mar i e Ind i an pr o t e s t fa l l is in c a l l ed the m� en ­ songs As pro o f t a l en t s o n l y par t of i t . in h e r "P� t' P r c:ht t..-o . 'F l p to con­ �hey wi l l the d i f fe r e n c e b e tween r e a l Ind i an s in n 1'he V i rg i n i an " of hou s e r i o u s Mi s s she S a in t e -Ma r i e ha s Ti m P r . /1 / ? � / (... A .,,. i s a real i s ab ou t Ind ­ t h i s bu s ­ turned d own -par t s f i lms b e c au s e n o o t her genuine Ind i an s were go ing (From t- h e S t' . s he the whi t e man comp l e t ed b e fo r e he wa s have und r e ame d -o f f i lms b e c au s e eve r y Ind i an l e t t in g Ind ian s p l ay Ind i an s , 4 f e atur e Ind - S a i n t e -Mar i e 1V show i s the f ir s t t ime she ha s r e a l ly s how i s o n t h e air next Ho l lywood kind , s ay s Mi s s ine s s o f in this in s i s ­ t he s ome t h i n g f or her peop l e . tribut e t o o ur s o c ie t y , s e e when to c a l l ed , 1 1 The pub l i c d o e sn ' t know t ha t °Ind ians and t h in g Mi s s s he doe s n o t b e l i eve wha t any Ind i an can b e . but �he nex t see s t h e r e s erva t i on . try ing episode i s exp l a i n S a i n t e -Mar i e, then wh i ch orig ina l ly had h e r o f f e nd e d b y came b ack t o a f r a i d of Mi s s the way Ho l lywood u su a l ly i s u s ed . ) Rogo s in was r e � dy Her i t ag e ·, " co l c e r t reper t o i r e , she s choo l , exp l a i n s Mi s s By · t ime away a t be l an guage in t h e f i l t h a n d pove r ty when t e ache s , " Ind i an s wa s a s s emb l ed , c o s tume d p e r f e c t ly and no t t o b e emp lo ye d . c:, 1-. T"' i +- +- "' ,..t \-. .. ? .. ... ... ., rt ,... ... \ �( 18 ) MOHAWK IND IANS H I N A PROMI SE OF B ILL GIV IITG by Homer B igar t THEN S C HOOL VOTE HOGANSBURG , N . Y . , Apr i l . 26 - The 2 , 2 2 2 S t . Reg i s Mohawks who l ive in a sma l l r e s erva t ion on the Canad i an fron tier a l ong the south b ank of the S t . Law­ rence River , s e em abo u t to s c ore a landmark v i c tory in the l ong s t rugg l e o f New Y o r k S t a t e Ind i ans f o r a b a s i c c iv i l r i gh t . Ye s t e rd ay , a f t e r a s cho o l b oyco t t tha t b e g an Mond ay , the Ind i ans extracted from s t a t e o f f i c i a l s a promi s e o f leg i s l a t i on , g iving them for the fir s t t ime the r ight to vo t e in s c ho o l bo ard e l e c t io n s . At pre s en t , none of the 1 5 , 000 Ind i an s l iv ing on n ine re s erva t ions in the s ta t e have any - vo ice in the running o f s cho o l s . At the c l o s e o f a long me e t ing wi th trib a l chi e f s and pare n t s , John R . s t a t e coord inator o f Ind ian Affair s , ind i ca t ed he wou ld suppor t the e nab l ing l e g i s l a t i on . As s emb lyman G l enn H . Harr i s , Repub l i can o f Canada Lake , promi s ed the Ind i an s he wou ld d r a f t the b i l l immedi a t e ly . I t took a l l day for the S t a t e De p t . of Educat ion to d e termine whe ther the pr opo s ed b i l l wou ld run afoul of any trea ty agreeme n t s with the Mohawks . Ha thorn , At 5 P . M. , Lou He l s h , coun s e l for the educat ion depa r tment , Albany tha t the b i l l wa s l e g a l • • • • The Ind ians want s ome th ing more t io n s , of the ac cord ing to Chi e f John A . site than par t : c i p a t ion in s cho o l board e l e c ­ Cook . the new add i t ion to for t e l e phonec from They wan t a vo ice i n the s e l e c t ion They want the Sa lmon Rive r Central S cho o l . more empha s i s on En g l i s h . They want b e t t e r t e acher s and an improved curricu lum. And they wan t a de - e s c a l a t i on of phy s i c a l training . s pend 40 minu t e s every s cho o l d ay in the gym , " comp l a ined Mr s . " Our kid s " They d on ' t need i t ; they l ive in Whi te ( chairman of the pro t e s t commi t t e e ) . • • • the country . They ough t to s pend more t ime improving the ir vocabulary . 1 1 Ou t s ide , ab out 20 adu l t Ind ians in coa t s and windbre ake r s formed a p icket l ine . Why They carr ied s igns tha t r e ad : " They t e a =h d emo cr acy in s cho o l . don ' t they apply i t to Ind ians ? 1 1 " B e t t e r admin i s trat ion ; be t t er superv i s ion" and " Indians w i l l go on warpath for our chi ldre n . " c au s e the boyc o t t wa s t o t a l ly e f f e c t ive . The p i cke t l in e was The s cho o l wa s c l o sed be­ in i t s e l f a r are phenomenon , the ch i e f repor ted . "We The have never b e fore had a demon s t r a t ion , le t a l one a b oy co t t , 1 1 he s a id . Mohawks , he s � i d , are no t ab l y con serva t ive , pa t r io t i c and i n c l ined to be hawkish on the V i e t nam war • among Mohawks i s • • • lower He s poke proud ly tod ay o f the fac t tha t unemployme n t than the preva i l ing j ob le s s r a t e in commun i t ie s o f f the r e s erva t i on , and no t e d t h a t s ome 2 5 0 t r i b a l member s were working throughout the coun try as s truc tur a l s t e e l worker s . (From t h e New York Time s , 4 / 2 7 / 6 8 - submi t t ed by a r e ader . ) INDIAN BABY NAMED A T R I TUAL In an anc i e n t Narragan s e t t Ind ian ceremony , which inc l ud ed smoke r i tua l s t o ward o f f ev i l s p ir i !: s , Chr i s topher Weeden , four w e e k s o ld , wa s named i :wise 3pe�ker • i ye s t erd ay at the Toma quag Ind i an Mu s eum , Hopkinton . The s o n of Ta l l Oak of the Narragan s e t t Tr ib e and Camme tah of the Cape Cod Wampanoag Tr ib e , o therw i s e known a s Mr . and Mr s . Evere t t G . Heeden of Char l e s town , wa s the main a t trac t ion a t the ri tua l s which fo l lowed the annual About 200 pa l e fa c e s wi tne s s ed a number cor n p l an t ing cer emony at t he mus eum . of Indian d an c e s • • • whi ch were performed by member s of 9 t r ib e s . Par t i c ip a t ing were the Ma lacee t , S chato coke , Wynd o t te , Fampano ag , Pequo t , Ta l l Oak d id the chan t ing Nava j o , Mohawk , Moh i c an and Narragan s e t t tribe s . Pri nc e s s Red Wing of the Narr agan s e t t Tr ib e , who l ive s at the for the d an c e s . museum and is care t aker there for the Nor theas t Ame r i c an Ind i an Coun c i l , said • • • t he pub l i c i s always we l c ome to a t t end cer emon i e s at the mu s eum. (Fr.orn thP. P,.. ovi d Pn C P . J L T n • • Tou rn a L C, / n / hfl,\ �(19) OLAR SHIPS COLBY TO AID IND IANS GE T SCH AUGUS TA (AP) - Colby Co l lege has promi sed : 1 s p e c i a l con s ider a t i on " for s cho l a r s h i p a id to any Maine Ind ian boy or g ir l recommend e d by the Depar tme n t o f Ind i an A f f a ir s , Commi s s ioner Edward c . Hinckley s a id Thur sday . Hinckley s a i d he ha s b e e n c anvas s ing the co l lege s try ing to g e t s uch he lp for qua l i f i ed Ind i an youth . The S ta te B oard of Educa t ion has e s t ab l i s hed a p o l icy o f acc e p t ing one aua l i f i e d Maine Ind i an each y e ar a t e a ch o f the f ive ( s t a t e ) c o l l e g e s ( on a fu l s cholar sh ip ) . i J . O . Ro s e n t ha l , Co lby ' s a s s o c ia t e dean of s tuden t s , t o l d Hinc k l ey in a co l lege would no t w i s h to s e t as ide fund s spec i f i c a l ly for one group o f p e o p l e b e c au s e o f the d anger o f burd en ing o t her fund s undu ly . But h e quo ted a po l ic y s t a teme n t that the finan c i a l a i d commi t tee "wi l l b e mo s t happy t o con s id e r for s cho lars hip any Maine Ind ian who mee t s the academic qual ­ i f i c a t i o n s for ad� s s ion . 1 1 The s ta temen t con t inued : ' 'We are i n comp l e t e sympathy w i t h such a program and wi l l g ive s pe c i a l cons iderat ion to any cand idate recommend e d by the Off i c e l e t t e r that the o f t h e Commi s s i on e r need o f • • • Th e amoun t o f t h e f inanc ial a i d wi l l depend upon tte cand id a t e up to a maximum of $3 � 600 per academi c year . " the (From the �anger Dai ly News , 5/ 17/68) ANTHROPOLOG I S T TO A IR POS S IB ILI TIE 8 OF WRI TING PASSAMAQUODDY LANGUAGE PR U!C F TGrl - A spoke sman for announced Thur sday n ig t the at We s le yan Unive r s i ty , Midd le town , 1st at oi t he 7 : 00 P . M. Pa s s amaquodd i e s . �1r s . Wi l l iam Kend a l l of at the pub l i c me e t i ng pro fe s s or of anthropo logy Conn . , wi l l be at Hood l and High S cho o l program b o ard o f d ir e c t or s , o ther s Pa s s amaquoddy Commun i ty Ac t ion program that Dr . Hi l l ard �-! a lker , Pr ince t on , to d i s cu s s the fea tured s p e ake r June the h i s tory and a memb �r o f t he Ind ian Commun i ty Ac t ion s aid Dr . Halker w i l l out l in e to Ind ians and al l the po s s ib i l i t ie s of Pa s s amaquoddy Ind i an language i n t o a mean ingfu l , turn ing great Algo nquin Ind i an nat ion now exi s t ing as branch£ s a l s o of the the ye t unwr i t t en gramat i c a l ly -wr i t ten pat tern . He a l s o w i l l review the h i s tory and cre a t ive cu l ture of Virginia Po t t l e , language Ind ian CAP b oard , the d e s cendan t s of of the Abnaki t r i b e . pointed out that t he the mee t ­ ing wi l l b e he ld und er the s po n s o r s hi p o f Super in tend e n t o f S cho o l s Ozias B r igham . She urged t he pub l i c and e s pe c i a l ly the paren t s of high s choo l age pup i l s in the Pr in c e ton and Wood land area to a t tend and b e come be t t er in formed on Ind ian c u l ­ ture . S h e a l s o sugge s t ed t h e informa t ional mee ting cculd he l p e a s e t h e trans i ­ t ion o f Pr ince ton High S cho o l s tuden t s in to (B angor D a i ly New s , c�ming S e p t ember . the Wo od land s cho o l s y s tem t h i s 5/ 13/68) MA I NE IND IAN G IR L T O S TUDY LAW AT UNM AUGUSTA (AP) b i ty o f Maine i s - A 25 -year -o ld Penob s co t Ind ian woman gradua te of the S cho l a r s h i p Program in Law f o r Amer i can Ind i an s , sa Old Mond ay . Mi s s Donna By e r s , Town , w i l l a t tend S choo l in Por t land and of U. i n t en s ive npre - law ' : She hop e s Ni co la of Ind ian I s land , 17 a t the t o e nro l l in the Univer s it y o f Ma ine Law s p e c i a l i z e in Maine Ind i an law . b e e n a re s iden t coun s e lo� at o f Ind ian A f f a i >: s seminar s tar t ing June of M. , ma j or ing in po l i t i c a l s c ience , D e an Edward the Maine . D e p t . daugh t e r of Mr s . Alb e r ta R . the 1Tniver s i ty o f New Mex ico . t he t he Univer � f ir s t e a s t ern Ind ian a c c e p t e d i n a New Mex i co S pe c i a l She i s a 1 965 gr adua.t� and dur ing the pas t y ear ha s the Po l and Spr ing Job Corps Center f or women . � . Godfrey of the l aw s choo l ( Con t inue d on Page t o ld Ind ian Affair s Commi s s ioner 20) �( 20 ) (Con t inued from Page 1 9 ) Hi nckley that any Maine Ind ian comp le t ing the urn1 summer program and a c c e p t e d by the U . of M. Law S cho o l wou ld- be r e commend ed for fu l l tui ti on s cho l ar sh i p , Hinckle y s a i d . Edward C. Mf g; l: y e r s wi l l be t he f ir s t eas t ern Ind ian to t ake par t in the UNM progr&11 s a id . La s t y e ar , 18 app l i can t s from 13 t r ibe s were a c c e p t e d . Nine were e l i g ib l e for l aw s choo l admi s s i on and s eve n were admi t ted and now are regu lar he l aw s tuden t s . ( Bangor Dai ly News , 5/ 2 1 / 68 ) .. :.� .. -. �':' MAINE IND IANS G E T WATER, SEWER AID WAS H!t!G TON (AP) - Gran t s t o t a l ing $ 4 3 3 , 560 to he lp f inance cons truct ion of w a t e r and s ewer f a c i l i t ie s for two commun i ti e s on the Pas s ama qu odd y Ind ian r e s erva t ion s in Ma ine were announced Wedne sday by the Economic Deve lopment Ad­ mini s tr a t ion . A $ 2 8 3 , 9 6 0 gran t i s for expan s ion of the wa t er sy s tem and con s tru c tion of a s ewer s y s tem and s ewage - t r e a tmen t fac i l i t ie s at P l e a s ant Po int . A $ 14 9 , 600 gran t w i l l he l p bu i ld a water s y s tem , wa ter - tre atmen t faci l i t i e.s and sewP.r s at Pe ter D ana Po in t . (Lew i s t o n -Auburn Sun , t� / 1 8 / 6 8 ) NEWS F ROl1 HERE AND THERE - S tephen E . Mi t che l l of Ind i an I s l and , Old Town , wa s e l e c t e d a nat ional v i ce pr e s iden t in Kappa D e l t a Phi Fra t er n i ty d ur ing the Fratern i ty ' s annual conven t io n in New York C i ty l a s t week . Mi tche l l s erve s as vice pr e s ident o f Lambd a Chap t e r at Hus son Co l l ege ; h e i s ed i tor of t h e s tudent newspaper , 1 1 The Hu s s on Ledger , 1 1 and he i s s e c re t ary to the Dean o f Men . He i s t he son of Mr . and Mr s . Theodore Norr i s Mi t che l l of Ind ian I s land . - 75 -y e ar -o ld Pas s amaquoddy Le g i s l a t ive F e pre s e n t a t ive George Franc i s , o f Pl e a s an t Po in t , h a s j o ined the Poor Pe o p l e· ' s March on Washing ton , and wa s met in B o s t on on the f ir s t l e g of h i s j ourney by Rev . Ralph Abernathy of the SCLC . Mi s s Deanna Fr an c i s , a Pa s s amaquoddy from Ple a s an t Po i n t who i s a s tud ent at the Univer s i ty of Ma ine in Por t l and t a l ke d wi th V i ce Pr e s ident Hub ert H . HumphreJ on h i s arr iva l in Aug u s ta on May 1 7 t h , t e l l ing him of the p l ight of her tr ibe . Mi s s F r an c i s a l s o par t i c ip a t e d in a sympo s ium on Race Re la t ions in Maine , he ld at Gorham S ta t e C o l l e g e on May 1 5 t h . A Coa l i t ion of Amer i can Ind i an C i t i z e n s , wi th main o f f i ce s in Denver , ha s b e en organ i z ing Ind ian par t i c ipat ion - par t i cu lar ly among the we s t ern t:: ibea• in the Poor Pe op l e ' s Campa ign on Has hing ton , 1 1re cogn i z ing tha t the growing revo l · u t i on o f p o o r peop l e. i s n o t a n i s sue o f race , c l a s s o r cul ture , bu t a mora l i s s ue in the mo s t b a s i c s en s e - t he righ t of peop l e to l ive and to l ive how they c ho o s e • 1 1 - Frankl in Wri gh t , a co lumn i s t for t he Por t land Evening Expre s s commenting uport Maine ' s curren t f i ght f or o f f - s hore o i l exp l orat ion· r i ght s , made refe rence ' 111-Tou ldn t it be to the Pa s s ama quoddy C l a ims Ca s e , now in Ma s s ac hus e t t s cour t : s t range if Mai n e pushed t o v i c t ory on i t s crown char t e r c l a im and made a bundle from t he o i l r e s erve s o f f i t s shor e , then had to pay a l l it made to s e t t l e the argume n t w i th the Ind i an s ? • • • If B u t I have gr e a t conf idence , in po l i t i c ians . the l e g i s l ature wou ld f ind some way of co l le c t • ( Por t l and Evening Expre s s , 5 / 2 / 6 8 ) Ind ians co t a l l tha t money , i n g b a c k taxe s for 1 5 0 y e ar s . 1 1 the - S ho s hone Chi e f Herman S t . C l a ir , 6 7 , For t Washakie , Wind River Res erva• has b e come the f ir s t Amer i can Ind i an in vryoming to b e appo inted to the l o c a l draft b oard , fo l l owing an ord er b y S e l e c t ive Servi ce Ch i e f Lewis B . He r s h�y t h a t repr e s en t a t ion b e provided f or memb e r s of minori ty gr oup s . t i on , Wyoming , �MA rlE IND IAN NEW SLE TTER Pine S tree t Freepor t , Maine 0403 2 NEW SUB SCRI PTION POLICY EFFECTIVE JANUARY 1 , 1 968 /' f/l 7 ,1 -- _ L__, _ _ _ -:::----.;.:;..� �� �-� _ , � : - -�: _�' , _ : :: �-� "'\·: ·. �- -- i \ / �': :: 1 · L. -� ,) · <ts�J , .,..,.._.. V�\{ � I ND IAN NEW SLETTER v � <· <"\..�:� � ' " > · .·.:·.·.-.:·:··. · ). 7>i :< ·. :; l 'U ; '\ ; < l/y, ';.,.,._�r-./ Jr ·, _ ' • .{( , . . . !' j ·; / 1( /f jl ;; ,. 1 / ' / . � / :/ �. _ / 1. J • :)' {1 Li {:/ Beginnin g in January , the fol lowing sub s cr ip t ion rates wi l l be charged for a 12-month sub scr ip t ion to the MAI · J I ' i ' \ \ Ind ian t FREE "". Non- Ind ian (Regular ) - $2 . 00/year " (Cont r ibu cing) - $5 . 00/year " ( Suppor t ing) -$10. 00/year (Life t ime) -$50 . 00 /j */] If you are a NON- INDIAN , wherever you l ive , f i l l out and send in the sub ­ scr ipt ion s l ip (below) W I TH the appro­ priate amoun t . Your subscr iption wi l l b egin wi t h the next availab le is sue after your sub s cript ion i s received . The addr e s s labe l s indicate the s tatus of your sub scr ipt ion . " I-F " means " Indian-Fre e . " The abbreviat ion of a month (JAN) i s the t ime - nex t year your sub s cript ion fee wi l l again be due . � ill.! !Qr � !!!. ind ividual expir at ion no t ice , .!2. � �! _ - - � -..... - � � � � - - - - - - - - - � - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - � --ft;::::_;;_ 1\ wherever you If you are l ive , f i l l out and s end in the subscripti.on s U p (below) , ident i fy ing your Tribe and enc lo sing NO money . ......... - � - - � � � � � - - - � � � - - - -� - - - � - - - � - - � - - - - - � - � - I wou ld like to receive regular monthly i s sues of the Maine Ind ian News let ter: NAME --------� .\DDRESS------( S treet, or Pos t Off ice Box) DATE NON-IND IAN__ INDIAN__ __ __ __ _ __ __ __ __ __ TRIBE_�-----AMOUNT ENCLOSED : (Ci t y S ta t e $ _ _ _ _ _ Z I P Code ) Sub s cr ipt ion rat e s : Ind ian -0- ; Non-Indian - $2 (Regu lar) , $5 (Con tributing) , $ 10 ( Support ing) , $.50 ( Li fe time) Send this s lip , with your sub scr ipt ion charge , if app l i cab l e , to : MAINE INDIAN NEWSLE TTER Pine S tree t , Freepor t, Maine _.. .. - - ---- .. - - .- ... -....- -..- .... .-..- - - - .... .-.- 04032 . - - - - - � - _... _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ -.-... �......_.._,,.. ...._...._ . .. ... ....._. ___ _ ___ � -- D on ' t forge t your ZIP Code ! ...... .........., _ �BULK MA INE INDIAN NEW SLE TTER Pine S tr e e t 04 0 3 2 Freepor t , Maine U. S . 3 . 6 ¢ PAID Freepor t , Maine Pennit No . 3 3 ADDRE S S CORREC TION REQU E S TED Colby Col lege L ibrary Co lby Col leae Waterv i l l e , Haine 04 90 1 JAJI S PEC IAL S TATE -WIDE ELECTION RATE POSTAGE REFERENDU?-! QUE S TION No . 1 L ...--- 1 '(ff/ _.,. .. ( __ \\. ... /"' l�: � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Penobscot Description An account of the resource The Penobscot people, who identify closely with the Penobscot River that is their home, have a reservation on Indian Island, near Old Town, Maine. Part of the Wabanaki Confederacy, they were among the tribes that won federal recognition in the 1980 Maine Indian Land Claims Settlement Act. <br /><br />A Penobscot scholar, Joseph Nicolar, was one of the first regional Native people to publish a book: <em>Life and Traditions of the Red Man</em> (1890). Since then, many others have written about their language and culture, including the performing artist Molly Spotted Elk and poet Carol Dana.<br /><br />The Penobscots have a rigorous process for protecting their intellectual property, asking any scholars who are studying or writing about them to communicate with their Cultural Heritage and Preservation Office.<br /><br /><strong>Resources</strong><br /><br />Penobscot Nation <a href="https://www.penobscotnation.org/" target="_blank">website</a><br /><a href="http://www.penobscotculture.com/" target="_blank">Penobscot National Cultural &amp; Historic Preservation Department</a><br /><br /> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <em>Maine Indian Newsletter</em> (May 1968) Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource ssipsis (Thompson, Eugenia) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Colby College Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1968-05 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Julia Brush Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Digital images courtesy of Colby College Library. In making these images available, we also consulted with ssipsis’ daughter, Pam Outdusis Cunningham. Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Document Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource pdf Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DV-460 https://www.dawnlandvoices.org/collections/files/original/c75d97d15bf163efd83340f47a5f78f7.pdf 580ca3b78d8ee94caa26c4d75f425637 PDF Text Text ���������������������� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Penobscot Description An account of the resource The Penobscot people, who identify closely with the Penobscot River that is their home, have a reservation on Indian Island, near Old Town, Maine. Part of the Wabanaki Confederacy, they were among the tribes that won federal recognition in the 1980 Maine Indian Land Claims Settlement Act. <br /><br />A Penobscot scholar, Joseph Nicolar, was one of the first regional Native people to publish a book: <em>Life and Traditions of the Red Man</em> (1890). Since then, many others have written about their language and culture, including the performing artist Molly Spotted Elk and poet Carol Dana.<br /><br />The Penobscots have a rigorous process for protecting their intellectual property, asking any scholars who are studying or writing about them to communicate with their Cultural Heritage and Preservation Office.<br /><br /><strong>Resources</strong><br /><br />Penobscot Nation <a href="https://www.penobscotnation.org/" target="_blank">website</a><br /><a href="http://www.penobscotculture.com/" target="_blank">Penobscot National Cultural &amp; Historic Preservation Department</a><br /><br /> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <em>Maine Indian Newsletter</em> (May 1969) Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource ssipsis (Thompson, Eugenia) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Bowdoin College Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1969-05 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Siobhan Senier Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Digital images courtesy of Bowdoin College Library. In making these images available, we also consulted with ssipsis’ daughter, Pam Outdusis Cunningham. Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Document Date Created Date of creation of the resource. June 3, 2016 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource pdf Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DV-369 https://www.dawnlandvoices.org/collections/files/original/43b73b2a5f39e2ccbe607bbb4e1c3763.pdf b5b6c296d0a50cc8abd60270e8bc32e5 PDF Text Text m VOWME 4, A I � i I H D I A n NUMBER 2 MAY 1971 'GREEN CARD' BILL DISTURBS INDIAN TRIBES TOBIQUE, N.B. - In what was des­ cribed as simply a "traditional meet­ ing", Indian chiefs from various tribes which make up the two great Northeast nations, have met at the Maliseet reservation near here to discuss opposing a piece of u.s. legislation which would abolish the green card commuter system. Sen. Edmund S. uskie is sponsor­ . ing the bill and his office has been contacted by Indian interests, ac­ cording to Loomis Sappier of the Maliseet Reservation. Sappier said he had been told by the "executive secretary" at Muskie's office that the legislation would be suspended until further consider­ ations have been made in special regards to the Indians. In the subsequent meeting at the reservations Saturday and Sunday, the Indian chiefs from the Algonquin and Iroquois nations, which straddle the U.S. Northeast and Canada's mar­ itimes and Quebec from the coast in­ to the Great Lakes region, decided that the Muskie legislation 'poses no immediate threat' to Indian pri­ � vileges. S appie r said that the Indian re­ preeentatives were more helpful of futlll'e legislation along the same lines which would curtail the Indians ancient rights 'to go where he pleases in North America without regard for the irlternat onal boundaries of white •n· In the Jay Treaty between the u.s. d Canada, it was written that Ins should be free to cross the � border with their personal be­ longings as they wished. The reasoning behind the claus was that Indians, as the or­ iginal citizens of1either Canada or the U.S., could not rightfulJ-: be made subject to the white man· boundaries, and were to be allow­ ed the boundaries of their own nations. The Muskie legislation would prohibit aliens from residing in the u.s. for the purpose of work­ ing with no intention of becoming a citizen. The reasoning for the bill is that the current green card sys­ tem allows thousands of Mexicans and Canadaians to live and work in the U.S. thereby increasing unemployment, lowering pay scales and boosting welfare costs. The bill would further provide economic assistance to border areas where aliens could commute to work while residing in their natural nation. The Indians, accord�ng to Sap­ pier, feared that the Muskie bill would infringe on their long hon­ ·ared rights to come and go as thE They want the bill held please. up until special provision has been made for them in line with existing treati•s. (From Bangor Daily News, 6/4/?l) S�e page 15 for fur­ (Ed. Notes ther infonnat ·on on "this meetin�· of the North American Tradition� Unity Convention, held at Tobiq· N.B. May 29 to Jlst.) �2 of Lands on Kennebeck River. made by Six Indian Sagamores, to Richard Wharton, should be opened and ex­ Conference and Trea � y of 1717 hibited to them, which was done "The Conference between the Eng- and partly-Read, �nd Interpreted lish representatives on the one hand to them." Wiwurna replied, "As far as the West side of the Ken-and the Kennebec, P enobscot, Ammarescoggin (Anasagunticook), and the nebeck River I have nothing to Pegwackit Indian tribes on the other, say, but am sure nothing has been Sold on the East side." This was took place on August 9 , 1717 on Arunacceptable to the English, and rowsick Island at Goerge Town. The the Governor answered, "I ex�ect conference itself lasted three days their positive Answer and Complian­ with the final treaty being drawn ce in this matter, that the English up and signed on the fourth. The conference is most interesting in may be quiet in the posession of that while on the first and second the Lands they have purchased." days of the conference the Indians It is thus evident that the Inwere adamant in their clailils to much dians were gradually succumbing to English pressure, but not entire disputed lands, they completely rely. versed their position on the third day, giving in to every English deEarly the next morning the English Man of War was appearing to mand. Immediately the Indian� set sail. During the first two days of the sent two men on board who "acknowconference the Indians' spokesman was Wiwurna from the now extinct Ken- ledged the rudeness and ill man­ ners they were guilty of on the nebec tribe� When Wiwurna welcomed previous day, "and asked to con­ English resettlement on Indian land, The English the English objected telling the in - tinue the conference. agreed, terprete r, "They must not call it . their land, for the English have Continued next issue. bought it of them and their Ancest� ors." At this point the English of­ x x x x x x x x x x x fered to show deeds to prove their claims. The Indians voiced their object­ THE VISIT ions to the English claims and1 with­ drew to reconsider their position. L 0 V E A R A M A Upon their return for the afternoon session on this second day, the LAUNDRYMAT tribes had reached two important de­ cisions. (1) The Indians were willing to cut off their claim to land when visiting the Penobscot "as far as the M�lls, and the Coasts Reservation at Indian Island to Pemaquid." ( 2) The Indians all near Old Town, Maine. asserted that no land had ever bee" purchased from the Indians, although Maytag Machines - All New some land had been "Alienated" by way of.gifts made to the white �ett­ Indian Owned and Indian run. iers by the various tribes. In answer to the first, the Eng­ 22 Center Street, Indian Island lish Governor Dummer from Massachu­ setts Bay, told the interpreters Johfi Love, Proprietor. "Tell them we dieire only what is our own, and that we will have. We While your clothes are washing will not wrong them, but what is our and 'drying, why not visit the In an­ own we will be Masters of.·" nearby Indian gift shops. swer to the second Indian assertion, ANOTHER GRIEVANCE · - · L'- - - "" - -- - ---- - -- - �J and comfort. Great men shall be put to rule, and the rulers shall E D I T O R I AL-·sE c ·Tr: o N be many1 each ruler will want all the power over the others; this THE MAINE INDIAN NEWSLETTER the Great Spirit will call bad, ( Mrs . ) Eugenia T. Thompaon EDITOR 1 and the Great Spir'i t will come among them in the form of a man like unto THE GREAT SPIRIT themselves, and will stay among t them, and teach them the way he " • • • The growing season shall be wishes them to live, But their the Red man's season. The gatherlove of power will be so great they ing season shall be the Black man's will slay the great spirit unto season, and the cold season shall death. The Great Spirit will show be the White man's season. The sea- them that man hath not the power sons were divided by the Great to destroy him, and he shall arise Spirit, and because the Red man obey-before the, and shall go up beyond ed the first teaching given unto him,their reach. His teaching to them he shall enjoy a pleasant one. And shall be hard to understand because because the Black man did not obey they did not stop to listen to his words while he taught them. when told to look upon the earth The when he first opened his eyes, he Great Spirit who is so good, will shall always wait to follow the bid- show them that, revenge is not good. ding of his brother; and because and he will let them occupy the Ja.n: the White man wanted to stay on the for the purpose of mending their land where he first opened his eyes ways. He will only say to them and wanted the Great Spirit to give that He will never come to them him all he beheld, the Great Spirit again in peace and that they shall bade him go toward the setting of not come to Him until they come the sun. The great Spirit saw that like little babes. A line shall the man he had made wanted the whole be d�awn between Himself and them-­ world, therefore he sent him to humiliation and obedience only will The sweetness of the chase the suni when he comes to the save them. great waters he shall make large earth and love of power will desvessels, s o he can chase the sun ac- troy them. Before the day of desross the great waters, because he truction comes, this man shall have wants all the worldi he shall slay enjoyed all the power and possessior he diesire, and he shall have tasthis broth e r because he wants all ed the sweetness of the earth. Wher. things1 he shall sknow no one behe sleeps ae shall sleep on a bed cause he w ants the power over all The first born shall slay of flowers scented with roses, he the earth. need only reach forth his hand to the next kindred to himself for the Power grasp all things for his comforts want of powe r and possession. and possession shall be so sweet to he will draw things for his conven­ him, that it will turn his nature to ience from the wat er, from the air, disob e d i e nee1 even the first woman and from deep down in the earths shall disobey the Great Spirit, and and the Great Spirit shall be look­ for this is the time that bring deat h unto mankind, - -who shall ing ons He will the man is about to f o rget the death be s e nt forth to seelc food. of the Great Spirit--The man not not heed the s ayings and warnings of the Great Spirit but shall conhaving repented, is to dig a pit tinu e in the ways that he likes, un- in the water, the air, and the eartt wherein he shall fall. After he til the Gre at S pirit shall be s o p shall have dug these pits, then the provoked he will send a gre at rush Great Spirit shall show the man His of water, and all the bad shall be He s hal l shake the earth, powe r . drowned,--but a few sav e d , who wil l continue to live good , and shall in- because the substance of the water, a ir, and earth have been d rawn out, crease until they be like t he sand and use d for comfort sake, and all t the earths and shall be able to a e 18 . ) ae all things for t h e ir c onv e nie m� ( con t in ue d on �4 L E to the T T E R S because I have been looking for it since I read Kenneth Robert's no­ vels many years ago. E D I T 0 R About every book up until Vine DeLoria has been-authorized by and published by - non-Indians - but Dear Sira c'est l'vive. Please send me a copy of "The Life and Traditions of the Red Man" P.S. Joseph Nicola would have beer by Joseph Nicola for which I enclose my great grandfather. Yours, &J.OO. I am happy to see the newsMary Mahoney (Penobscot) paper back in circulation and am en* closing $5.00 to help keep it going. I am also happy to see that we Dear Mrs. Thompson, I recently found out that you are finally doing something about Fres�rvi�g our language. I am study- are now printing another news. letter. Enclosed please find $J.OC ing it diligently and hope to be for a subscription. r•ve really b�e t? continue to do so. r am 3 still �ery interested in life on the missed reveiving the news from home. Island since I was born there and Your newsletter is my only love the memories I have from there. Please also send me more information link to what's happening on Indian Island. I haven't lived on the on the Credit Union since I think reservation since I was a boy. this is also a good idea. Furthermore, since my Uncle Anxiously waiting to hear from Jack (Bluejay) and my grandmother you, I remain, died, I seldom visit. (I hope to Mrs. June (Rance) Lane visit in June. Springfield, Mass. * If there are any "Skeegins" in the hite Mountain area tell Dear Jean1 them to stop and say hello. Enclosed please find enclosed Sincerely, check for $6.oo. $J.OO for the mvn­ Ron (Sunny) Ranco thly subscription of the Indian News­ Indian Trail Gifts letter and the other $J.OO is for North Conway, N.H. the book of The Life and Traditions * of The Red Man. Leslie always talk­ ed·about his grand�ather writing this Dear Mrs. Thompsons Thank you for your �ecent le book but never could find it. I hope he remembers some of the context of ter. I am unable to provide you it. I am also interested in another with the infonnation you request. book "The Indians of the Androscog­ I have taken the liberty of for­ warding your letter to Mr. Irving gin Valley by Charles M. Starbird, Lewiston Journal Printshop 19 28. If Powless of the Onondaga Tribe in New York, He may be able to assis you can get one I would appreciate you. it. I am very happy the Maine In­ If I can assist you in some dian Newsletter is back in print. other way, please write again, Good luck and keep up the good work. Sincerely f)Ours, Sincarely,. Leo W. Vocu, Oglala Sioux Mrs. Leslie (Valentine) Ranco Acting Executive Director Indian Moccasin Shop National Congress of American Wells, �1aine Indians · · * * Dear Eugenie• (Ed•. Note 1 This reply concerns Glad to see you "back in print". In7 A. N Hope this new effort will be success-M�rtinwhoseeptune! Penobscot �till case 1� conrt i � di�n! 00 $5. ful. Enclosing two checks wait1�g for a �earin� on failing for a subscription, and $J.OO for )to report for induction. See MINL, the book, Life and Traditions ••• (etc .) I feel I have a priority on this book Vol. 4, Number 1 for story - �(LETTERS • • • c ont. ) 5 Eugenia• Please send me the monthly Maine Indian News letter to the ad d res s be­ Enc l o s ed is a check for a re­ low, gular ( 3 .00) s ub s c ription and put the balanc e toward s Martin Neptune ' s court expens es . Bes t regard s to Martin , Ken and wish you s uc c es s with the News letter. S potted Eagle All Indians Coalition Box 3 73 NYC , NY 10022 Brothers & Friend s : Enc l o s ing $).00 pleas e s end me the Newsletter.. And pleas e maybe y o u c an help me . I was brought up to believe I was des­ cended from the Penobs c ot Tribe but am having trouble trying to trace back . I have got t o S t o c k­ bridge , Vermont about 1850 . I have written the town c lerk in that t own three times and s ent money for the fee but can't get an answer. Any help would be ap­ . * preciated . Dear Mis s Thomps ons Red Fox Your recent letter to the Indian ·Chief Medic ine Man Rights A s s o c iation has been referr­ N orth American ed to me as Chairman of the Law Com­ Indian Club , Inc . mittee. ( Ed . Notes I d on't know of any We deeply regret that we c an be work that is being d one in the We have of no material as s is tance. c ompilation of des cendents of Pen­ limited financial res ourc es , and be­ obs c ots. The only advice �c ould cause we have s o many c alls upon our give at this time is to c heck in As s oc iation to as s ist individual In­ the census rec o rd s , whic h are be­ dians in their s c ra pes with the crim­ ing maintained at the Department inal law , we have a d o pted a policy of Indian Affairs , in the State which limits our as s i s tance to t�ibes House , Augus ta , Maine . ) * or groups , s uc h as our help to the Pas samaqu oddy in their land claims . Dear Mis s Thomps ons Our Law Committee sees no merit Thank you for your telegram in the legal po s ition taken by Mr, of December 2 urging my s upport Neptune . He is a c iti z en , and mus t for the action to return the Blue be s ubject to all United S tates law , Lake lands in Kit Cars on Fore s t wh ether he approves of it or not. I appologiz e to the Tao s Pueblo. Old Treaties and c us toms , h owever for the delay in my res ponse . venerable , are rendered ineffec tive A s you probably know by now:y The by s ubs equent A cts of Congres s . the a c tion to return these land s s uc ceeded , and t�e bill was s igned •oraft Laws " maRe no exc eptions for Penobsc o t Indians , as s u c h, The Pen­ into law . I wa� pleas ed to be able to lend by s upport t o this obs c ot Indians are not "Federaliz ed" amendment , and I was very happy Indians , and thus have n o overriding that the S enate vote was favorable . special privileges granted by the Pederal Government . Thank you for taking the time to let me know of your s upport and We wis h him well , but regret that we are in no p o s ition to a s s is t him . r- appreciated being ad­ interes t, vised . Faithfully ymrs , S incerely , Leo T. Connor Edmund s. Mus kie Indian Rights Ass o c iation United S tates S enato 1505 Rac e S treet (Ed. N o tes Other Penobs c ots , Philadelphia , Penn. The J o hn Sapiel s , and the Mic hael 19102 Crawfo rd s als o s ent telegrams . I (Ed. Notea I w ould like to refer h o pe S en . Muskie wili help when­ your Law C ommittee to Mad Bear's ever we get around to as king for Pindings , part of w hi c h will be rethe return o f Mount Katadhin . ) . inted on page ·a of this m onth• s * ewsletter.) . * �- 6 INDIAN V ALUES vs WHITE VALUES WASH IN G TON, D.c. (AIPA) Am erican Indians were called the "First The following is from an article environmentalists" at the opening entitled "Indian Values and Atti­ of Earth Week activities here. tudes," printed in Smoke Sign al s , "There are no people more a Newsletter put out by the St. Pau: sensitive to our natural environ­ American Indian Center. ment than are Indian People·," remarked Rogers C. B. Morton, Sec­ retary of the Interior, .to a group !NQI!N_V�L!l,E_SX,S1:_E� .. of educators from Indian boarcting present oriented and da;>' schools across the country. 1. 2. lack of time consciousness Traditional Indian reverence �­ for nature marked the theme of the 3 givine rather than saving 4. respect for age five-day meeting of educators for an Indian Environmental Education 5. cooperation rather than com -�& Workshop at the Bureau of Indian petitiveness Affairs here and Catoctin Mountain 6. harmony with na�ure Park, Maryland. lorton told the group that !;!O�-lNQI!N_V!L!lE_S,XS!� Indian history, religion and philo1. sophy all reflect a oneness with future oriented nature. 2. time conscious 3 . saving He said environmental education in nd an schools is an "exciting 4 . emphasis on youth beginning" and will provide Indian competition 5. childre n with an "opportunity for 6. conquest over nature . Some interesting pointc leadership beyond anything I've seen (Ed notes to p nn d e r.) or a long time." f * * * "Thi s is a forerunner of environTO PIC THANKS mental awareness to children across the country," Morton said. The MAINE IN DIAN NEWSLETTER was1 Miss Silma Victor, Chactaw, run off on. the mimeogra�h machine recently appointed as orton's Special Assistant for Indi an Affairspelonging to the Penobscot Indian Corpbration, Inc. praised' the BIA program as a means Much thanks to their corporation �f directing a new level of for their cooperation. environmental consciousness to the • • • • • � � � * * * * country through Indian people. LIBRARY1ENLARGED= Indian Island; Louis R. Bruce, Commissioner of housed Indian Affairs, said the e nvironm e n-The I ndian Island Library, in the scho�l has beery greatly P i s desig�ed tal awareness program Many addit10 enlarged th is sum�er. to infuse an awareness of the books have been'added, both old and envir o nm e nt into traditional art, Adu i t books as well as child• new, mathematics, english, history, and Until now only 'children's res's. social studies, as well as in the books could be found on the shelves sciences, where it often rests." many ad u lt Bruce was asked how environmenta1 but with th� addition of books it is. hoped that parents awaremess could be infused in and other adul t s will use the . Indian children when they often library and ta ke out books wpich see their lands indi s c riminately , they might like to read. destroyed by dam building and Anyone h av ing books the� wish s uperhi�hway construction. to donate should contact S�ster "We are taking steps to correct Celestine, Indian Island.School, that situation," Bruce r ema rked . near Old Town, �aine - Thomas Edward? For more d, etails read the. next ', .* * * * issue of The 'Maine ·Indian N ews lettt Ed Note a AIPA is tpe.American • · • Indian Press Asso ciatio n . * * * * * �7 'INVISIBLE INDIANS' TO GET HELP By Daviq Bright, � City Deek Kenneth Curtis and his staff on the project. As things stand now, the agency will be set up through the Augusta OEO office. Bangor-based, it will provide an office and staff .who can provide infGrmation and financial assistance tG off-reservation In­ dians to help them get adjusted to the new life they seek when they leave the reservation. "Indians'WJJ.nt an educatinn, job training, and other things white We'll be able to people can gat. We'll know how help them get it. to help them apply and we'll be ablr to get them emergency assistance to pay rent and food bills until they Mrs. McGrane saic get established," "These are things the state owes "We'r� not going them." she said, to go around soliciting money from We'll people and organizatinns. e�ist to see that off-reservation Indians are provided with the same things the Depa rtment of Indian Af­ While most Maine people ignore, and others fret over, the plight of Maine Indians, one smal l group of Indians has been quietly working to improve their plight. They are concerned with the "invisible Indians," those living off Maine's three reservations. The off-reservations Indians, who make up the majority of the tribal census have found themselves in a unique position. To the white man they are still Indians, but to many of their b rothers, they are white • They settle, uncertain, someplace in the �iddle. If, like many of the state• s population, they cannot find a job or need financial help for another reason, even getting getting welfare On the reservacan be a problem. tion there is no problem, as a simple request to the Indian Agent will bring results. But those who have fairs provides the Indians living chosen to live off the reservation on the reservations." often run into problems. Purdy and Mrs. McGrane feel the· Basically, the people who have Indian Affairs Department plays too· the �oney, whether they be municiheavy on Indian culture and heri­ pal welfare directors, the Departtage in it's handling of Indians. ment of Indian Affairs or the DeCulture and heritage don't feed partment of Health and Welfare, find t easy to turn down off-reservation your kids,0 Mrs. McGrane said. " In­ i dian cultura doesn't mean starving Indians. They don't fit the dataand scraping in the dirt for your gories1 they belong somewhere else. You don't have to wear fea.­ "Off-reservation Indians are heirs needs. thers �o p;ove you're p�oud to be to al l t�e rights and privileges of an Indian reservation Indians granted to the . The agency is currently waiting tribes in place of the Indian final approval .and fun�ing, and if land �aken from them," feels Mrs. . ·Phyllis McGrane, hersalf a Penobscot all goes well will be in operation There are close to 390 living off the Indian Island Reserv- by August. off-reservation Indians in the Banation. 9or ar7a alone -who �ould get immed"But unfortunately, many don't i ate aid. Another six to seven hunknow what their right s are or who dred Indians in o ther parts of the to turn to when in need of 1help. sta e would also be affe ct ed That's what our agency will do, it ' l l Once we ge� people fed and on be a clearing house for all off- re their way,'' .Mrs. McGrane said, "may servation Indians," be they' l have time to worry abouf The agency �'N3. McGrane refer s to culture. is one she and George Purdy, a Passrom the B angor Daily News, amaqu oddy living in Bangor, h a�e ba!'l (F une 1, 1971,) working on fo r several months. J They have trnveled often to Augusta and * * * '* * * * * * * * * h�ve worked closely with Governor �11 . � ! �8 PAULINE s. SHAY t reat ies made, or which shall be made, under the authority of the INDIAN ISLAND, Old Town, Ma ine Uni t ed States, shall be the Supreme Miss Pauline s. Shay, 78 , of In- Law of t he land..... d � an Island, died at a Bangor hos2. (d.) All Indians with treaty . p1tal on May 21 following a long � iv ing in the so-calle d territorial illn:ss. limits of the United States strong. M1ss Snay was born at Watch Hill, ly and unan imously·oppose d the pa sR.I., Aug. 23, 1892, daughte r of sage of this Act, and still openly Sabbatus and Margaret (Ranco) Shay. re gard it as Illegal! She at t e nded scho ols in Rhode Is(e,) QUESTION1 If an Indian land, Massachusetts, Old Town, and denounce s his so-called citizenship at Hebron Academy. of the Unit ed Stat e s, and pledges She had operated a basket store h is alleg iance to his own respect­ . on Indian Island for many ye ars and ive Indian Nation, is he deported, had also boarded Indian children and if so, to whe re? and adults. (f,) QUESTIONs Can a citizen She was a membe r of Ind ian Is� of the Un ited State s have a legal land Bapt1st Church and a.reg iste r- treaty w ith his own Nat i on? · (g,) The 1924 Citize nsh ip Act ed membe r of the Penobscot Tr ibe of Indians. (re garding Indians) referred to Survivors include one s iste r, Ind ians, " • • ,within the territorial Mrs. Viole t Francis, Indian Islands l imits of the United States • • • " one brother, Leo Shay, Hampt on Be"J. Se ct, 2 of the U_,s. Presiach, Va. ; seve ral nieces and nep-· dential Proclamation 2572, in rehews, ference to the draft re adss " • • • an� * it shall be the duty of eve ry male * * * * * * * * * * * citizen of the United States " MAD BEAR"S FINDINGS and it further statesa (In section Ja of the said proclamation) "all (Ed. Notes In respo nse t o lett e rs persons liable for training and that were sent out to int e re sted se rv ice shall be the followings pe ople who could give adv ice , and every male citizen of the United information wh ich would help Mart in States or person who has declared ijeptuee case , we received a lette r his inte ntion to become such a cit­ 'from the Indian Rights Assoc iait ion, izen.,," which is repr inte d on page 5. In (a.) The above would only apply orde r to unde rstand Martin's be liets to Indians who had accepted citizen· portions of the se findings are re- ship in the United States by their printed,) own will or volition, or had made "2, The old argument that "In- a "declaration of intent" to become dians are citizens of the United such a citizen!" States by virt ue of the 1i24 Cit5, These findings are not inizenship Act, and are thus subject tended to discourage Indians from to the draft laws of the United accepting cit izenship in the Un­ States" is purely nonsense be causes ited States, voluntarily join ing (a.) Force d Citizenship violat- the Arme d Forc�s o! the �nit7d States, or becoming conscientious es Int e rnational Law. (b.) Forced Citizenship violat- objectors", but rathe r to protect e s our treaties and the sovereignty those Indians to whom it applies, of our Indian Nations. in order that the y may more fully ( c . ) Forced Citizenship violates e njoy their rights and privilege s€ Article 6 Sect i o n 2 of the Unit e d "tre aty-Indians", whose only desire is to live· ' in peace with all man­ State s Constitution which re ads r "This constitution and the Laws of kind. " the Unite d States, which shall be Mad Bear, Tuscarora Nation, made in pursuance there of, and all Iroquois Confederacy • · " • • �9 ON RESERVATION INDIANS EXEMPI' FROM TAXES Maine Revised Statues, Title 36, section 6 54 (1) (c), sta't=es..\. "The poll3 and.estates of the following person are ex�pt' from ta.x�tionr· ··The polls and estates of only those Indians who reside on tribal reservations," Furthermore, Title 36, section 501 (1) readss "'Estates shall be construed to mean both real estate and personal property." Most people have always taken this to apply to land which an Indian owns or uses within the reservation. But as a rereading of the statute clearly reveals and as the legal section of the Maine Municipal Association explained in their monthly magazine during the winter of 1968 1 6 9 , this statute also exempts all real and personal property from taxation anywhere in the state of Maine, so. long as the Indian owner resides on one of the three Reservations. - If you are an Indian residing on one of the three reserv­ ations in Maine, and have erringly paid such a tax, the le­ gisl�ture has provided a method by which you may make a claim for a refund. Title 36, section 504 provides that a person who has inadvertantly paid such a tax to bring an action against the municipality in the Superior Court, in the same county, "and the person shall recover the sum not raised for a le­ gal ob j ec t, with 25% interest and oosts, and any damages whic h he has su stained by reeeon of mistakes, errors or om­ missions o f suc h o ffic ers." In a c tual prac tic e, people who have had such taxes c o llected wrongfully have been able to obtain a refund. There are court cases �hich have b�en favorable on this point-as well.-· One· in· particular is an old case, Foss vs Whitehou se 94 Me. 491, 48A,109, heard in 1901 in which the Maine Supreme Judical Court held that when a tax collector demanded and received from a tax payer more than was due, and more than appears to be due according to his lists, he must refund the excess to the tax payer, even though he has paid the amonnt into the town treasury. This does not mean you must not pay the tax in question. On the other hand, if you If you wish to pay it, you may. qualify for the exemption, and feel you can not afford to give your money away, then it appears senseless to do so, Written by Kenneth c. Thompson Attorney at Law * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * KA IANE REK OWA The lineal desc ent o f the people of the Five Nations shall the female line. Women shall be considered the progenitors They shall o wn the land, and the soil. Men and of the Nation. women shall follow the status of their mothers. run in �10 . · THE C OMMUNICATIONS GAP What L i fe M ight Be l ik e I f There Had Bee n No C omm­ unications Gap Betw e en Co lon ist and I nd ians Bys • The Bound ing Elk Of Tha Turtle Clan Once upon a t ime , R e n e ' Robert Caval ier , S ie ur d e La Sa lle , the now famous Fr ench explorer, was a passe nger in a B irchbark canoe be ing paddle d westward a long t h e S outh shore ·or Lake i'Jlichigan by four Abenaki Ind'.ans. It was a pleasant summe r day somet ime in tne early 1600's in a part of t he cont inent claim-­ e d by France as New France , later c al l e d C anada . Now o f course , the are a l i e s w ith in the j ur is­ d ict ion o f the U n i t e d S tates of Ame r ica . The four Abenak i Ind i an : paddl e rs were t ak ing La.S al le t o the port age b e tw�en the lake and the Il l i no is R iver , a Route wh i ch wou ld e v e nt ual l y carry h i m t o his famous d iscovery of t h e M iss­ iss i p p i R ive r , and al low h im t o cla im t h e m idd l e port ion o f what is now k nown as " lou is iana" in t h e name of K ind Lou i s of Franc e . Actually , the Ind ians, knew about t he p lace a ll along , or t h e y could not have t ak e n h im t here , but the y d i dn't count , so LaS a lle d iscover e d it anq be­ came famous . N e e dlass to day , LaSalle d i dn' t talk much Algonqu ian language , eve n of the A benak i d iale ct, L i k e wise , h is padd l e rs knew a l i t t l e fren c h , gut not much. The commun icat i ons gap was r e al , but t h e y w e r e able to make a go 0£ i t for seve ral thou­ sands m i les of c anoe paddl ing , wh ich speaks w e ll for t he i r at t­ e mpt t o commun i c at e. We know , however, tnat somet h i ng was lost in t ranslat i on because we can e xam i ne the Abenak i I nd i an words used above which have come into our language toda.y ' \ and see what they actually mean , and t ry to imag ine how t he m is­ unde rstand ing came about Wh ile t he �ale we sp in here may be apo c ryphal , at b e st , there is a great deal of fac t ual mat er­ i a l in it . Only t he inc idents are dev ised . Cast your m inds back , i f you w ill , t o that ple asant summer day when LaSalle asked t he I nd ian behind h im , the owner of t he ·canoe , what he called t he ve ssel in wh ich they were t ravel­ ing Finally get t ing t he message across o f what t h e bearded French· man wanted-�. to know , the A benaki canoeman looked at his old fre igh· t canoe , const ruct e d s e v e ral � spr ingt imes earl i e r , and replifJ<i "en-ga'h-nool(my old boat ) , " wh= ich LaSalle du i t i fU l ly wrote down as he he ard i t , "c-a-n-o-e, " Now i f the re truly hAd been • no commun i c at ions gap , there woulc have been no need for t he quest io1 But i f the Ind ian had t ruly understoodth e question and t he r�ason for its be ing asked , he m ight have replied d ifferently. He may have g iven the stan­ dard Algonquin term for canoe� nah-gwe-e-den (my f loater) ana the whole course of h istory might' have be e n changed , includ ing the name of tne popular line of im­ ported men"s a ft e r-shave toilet­ er ies, Camps would be stag ing "Agweeden rac es" instead of caMd' races and t he boy scouts would be awardingAgweeden Merit Badges, Wdnder what it would be i f t he can� .1ad been brand new 1 ie� T he Ind ian would have repl boat) . " "en-be-e-loo l(my new . paddling Ho� would you l ike to be "canoe? a "b i loe " instead of a ned, It would have happe group Paddling onward, t he e st ern Shore caughtsight of the W LaSalle• c o f La.ite Mich igan , which e, cou rse had never seen befor that the and remeber, please, ( C-of.l't inl11ed· -1 -.·page .M • · ).·.- i; .• · .. ·• ·:;:i·· Cl<1• ��. .. :- ...··:· ·�. , . · .. ·' : . · �11 (THE COMMUNICATIONS cont.from p 10) four Abenak_i Ind ians were from no ­ thern New England, called by the French, Acadia, and also claimed by them. So to the paddlers, that distant shore was a foreign country, even hough it was occupied by Al­ gonquins. Not only was it foreign, but because it was not home, it was a place to be held in comtempt be­ cause of their own national prid@. Now, we must inject an under­ standing of Algonquian, particular­ ly Abenaki Indian, humor, by saying th�t i� is regularly "smutty". No­ thing Jis so funny to an Indian as a good d irty joke, unless it is playing a good dirty practical joke on some unsuspecting wa- y-nooch (foreigner) who doesn't get the joke, Our explorer, monsieur de la alle, excitedly asked the Indian in front of him what he called that· land ftover yonder." There can be no d oubt that the other Indians �early split their sides with hilarious laughter as the padd ler replied , "mi-j-i-gun"(feces), Oblivious to �he joke played on all subsequent North Americans, particularly on the resid ents of t that great state, LaSalle jotted t .the word d own as he heard it, "m·t�· ·e-h- -g-a.-n." The joke's on �s, and it's a joke that survives today e.mong Abenaki Indians (and that�s a true fact). (Continued in June's is!rue) • • A • � _ � � � •• • • * * * * * * * * * THE-DAM.WATER "I went down to the dam to ask the d am man if I could have some dam water. The dam man said I couldn•t\·havs any dam water, so I said to the dam man, 'You can keep your d am water.• So the dam man kept his dam water.• As told by Adrian Loring and Rodney John Francis (Penobscots), • • * • * * * * * * * * PLACE From the back of my mind there is a place A place where there is all love no hate A place that has no cars, roads, cities, -industry-pollution A place where the sun shine never stops A place where my people, the In­ dians can live once more without being put on a reservation A place where we can roam free A place for you and me. by a Penobscot Indian Denise Mitchell * * * * * * * * * * * CENSUS OF THE PENOBSCOT TRIBE OF INDIANS AS COMPILED BY THE TRIBAL COMMITTEE ON FEBRUARY 11, 19 71, AT INDIAN ISLAND, MAINE. Number of persons on the census list of 19 71••••••••••••••• :.s2a Number of births during the year••••••••••••••••••••••••• ,lJ Indian women added by marriage.�1 Members not previouslympcrted, ••6 Children added by adoptio�·:·:•lO Members lost through inel1g1b1litY••••••••••••••····· ········o � Members abandoned by tr1be •••••• o Deaths during the year••••••••••6 Increase in the tribal member• ship,••••••••••••.••••••••.•••• • Number of persons on the list during 1970 •••••••••••••••••• 795 Inactive list •••••• ,'•.••••••••• 1,26 Absentees •••••••• , •••••••••• , ••• 0 Reinstatea ••••••••••••••••• , •••• o Marriages, both parties Indian•• 2 Marriages, Indian and White ••••• 4 Voted that people not repor� i�g for year or longer b� put on inactive list and there would be no more absentees on the active l� JO days residence would be requir· ed to bo reinstated on the active list. I hereby certify that the fo going Census List is oorr�ct as lContinued � on page 12.) .. · �12 (Ce nsus continue d from page 11.) reporte d by the Pe nobscot C ommitte e of the Penobscot Indians on Thurs­ day, Fe b. 11, 1971. Governor Francis Ranco Witness to Signature James H, Mur�hy , Notary Public , Commission e xpire s January 19, 1973 • • $200,000,000 FOR NAVAJOS • FROM PEABODY COAL MINING By Wi lliam H •. Keste rt Peabody C oal Co . o f St.Louis isn't go ing to mak e the Ar izona dese rt e xactly blo om, but the $200,000,00C it will pay the Nava j o and Hopi Ind i ans will go a long way.. T he Penobscot Tribal Committ e e c o nsiste d of the foll owing members T hat is the amo unt o f royalty and that w e re prese nt on the above date i wages Pe abody e xpe cts to pay t he tw o tr ibe s to m i ne coal on the ir land for the ne xt 35 ye ars . G overn or Franci s Ranco, Lt . Gove r­ nor Frank Loring , Commiss i o ne r o f The lease s with Pe abody require it Indian A ffairs , James Murphy, T he ­ to ope rate in a sa fe and workman­ re s a Sne ll , Paul ine Love, Be atr ice like manne r and av oid waste o f the Ph i ll ips, Rita Dana , Franci s Mit­ chell, N i cho las Sap i e l , Wilfr ed Peh­ land . They state that Peabody must re t u7 rs on , John Sapie l , M i chael Ranco . Black Me sa to.the tr ibes " in as Thre e me mbe rs we re not pre se nts go od condit i o n as re ce ive d , e xce pt Irv ing Rance , Gle n Lo lar , and Dan­ for ord inary we ar, te ar and d e ple� ie l Mitche ll. tion incid ent to mining ope rationL (Ed. note s So once aga in we know t The company ' s plans have b e e n ap­ wh o's who and who's not J proved by the Navajo and Hopi co* * * * * * * * * * * * unc ils , the Bureau o f Indian Af­ fa irs and the u�s. Ge o logical Sur(Ed. note s the following adv e rtise ­ vey . Whene ve r feasible , P eabody plans me nt was tak e n fro m the Lad i e s Home to divert surface run- o ff wate r Journal, January 1971 issue . For so the final mining cuts can be ) those who like to pre te nd read o n. u s e d to cre ate lak e s , which will se rve as reserv o irs for cattl e and WHO OPEE \ othe r animals in that arid country . Any tiny ch i e f will give a who op and a ho llar over th i s 6 - fo o t Pe abody continue s to explore the wigwam set. Assemble s e asilya pole s reservatio n for additional coal d e p o s its. �re rubbe rcapped to prote ct flo ors . (From S t . Louis Post Dispatch, Includes rubbe r tomahawk , bow and arrow , he addre ss, and "pe ace " pa int . January 26, 1971.) Ke e ps youngste rs on the fun path for (Ed . notei Pe abody Coal Co, oug�t $J.98 plus hours, while you re lax. to take the ir �one y and teach t� 62¢ for p ostage Ord e r from Spartan res ide n ts o f Los Angeles and Ph�� Sales, Yonke rs, N.Y. ix a b o ut curbing pollution and * * * * * * * * * * * * preserving na ture . It s e ems tha� the de adline is near for all of u:· to regain this basic understandin1 NOTE o f our relationship with nature, ft If you wish to continue receiv­ to st op the iving and s t art thri ing. It is ele ar that nature· is ing the Maine Indian Newsle tter, overburdened with useless wast e r . send i n the subscription, blank and and could cease support o f mankir.' y our check or money o rd e r . o r cash. _ • • • •. * * * * * * * * * * * * *" . � * * * * * * * * g g �HOW INDIANS HUNT DEER By B il l Ge agan 13 t he swo llen c arcas s o f a be l ly­ d r i l led buck , he s a id sad ly 1 M Th is i s the c rue l and was t e ful re s u lt ( C ont inue d from Apr i l ' s i s s ue . ) o f tyr ing t o cat ch a d e e r l " Sylve s t e r and all of my other ne cks o f two d o e s fo l lowed by the Ind ian fr i e nds agre e t hat " pus s y­ amaz ingly l ong neck of a very cur­ foot " s ta lk i ng is pretty muc h a i ous buck appe are d above the tall was t e of t ime and e ffort . T he gras s l it t le more than a canoe len­ wh itet a i l , t he y c la im , can eas i ly gth away . hear o r s c e nt the app�oach o f the The buc k , a bulle t t hr­ ough the throat, was e as i ly -mine , mos t sk i lled hunte r and s l ip qu i e t ­ and N e e dahb e h laughed . " You d idn ' t l y away far ahead o f h im . And they be l i ev e me d id you? M he s a id . " It ' s po int out t hat many t ime s the d e e r my own l it t le t r i c k and it w i l l pay won ' t make t he e ffort to sneak away . off almos t eve ry t ime in the right but w i l l l i e curled and qu i e t in s itua t io ns ! " the midday be d and let t he brus h­ He was r i ght , When u s e d c or­ break ing hunt e r pas s . re c t ly and in i d e a l s i tuations , h i s !'poo f of a l l t h i s was revealed method has brought many d e e r to my s eve ra l years ago by a s tudy c on­ duc t e d at the Cus ino W i ld l i fe Ex ­ gun . The be hav ior o f the wh i t e ta i l p e r ime ntal S tat ion in M i c h i gan , in i s c ontr o l l e d by hab it and curos ity a 1 � i ghfenc e d s q uare - mile of mixed alm o s t to the po int of s tupid ity . fore st . Thirty-nine d e er-seven Like a t r i c k l e o f wat e r , the s e d e e r buc ks , fourt e e n doe s, and e ight e e n fo l low the pa.th o f l e a s t re sistan c e ­ fawns -we re re leas e d there , and s ix ge n e ra t i o n a ft e r gene rat ion u s ing expe rienced hunt e rs were a s k e d t o the s ame o ld t r ials , c ro s s ings , t ry t o locate the� . - It requ i re d drink i ng plac e s , and ope n ings t hr­ four days o f care ful s earc h i ng t o ough barr i e r s , natural and manmad e . s e e a s ingle buc k l · Dur ing a c on­ And the y w i l l go a l l-out to inv e s t­ t inu ing four-year pe r i od w it h at leas t thirty-four d e e r w i t h in the igat e the unus ual . fe nc e d m i l e , t he be s t s i ghting re­ T n e Ind i a n i s we l l aware o f cord by ve t e ran stalk e rs was four­ all t h i s . By tak ing full advantage t e e n hours to get w ithin ' shoot ing" o f s u c h we akne s s e s , along w i th h i s inf i n i t e pat ience and c ompl e t e know­ range o f any an ima l , inc lud ing fawn£ and fifty-one hours to locat e one ledge o f the natural environment, buck . he is t h e mos t s u c c e s s fu l of a l l In a s im i l iar pro j e ct in S outh d e e r hunt e rs up in the Northe ast. Dakota , re s earche rs attached a ra­ The Ind ian hunts mostly by the o ld d i o trans m itt e r to a buc k s o that ada ge that "e v e ryt h ing come s to he t hey might follow h is movement s , who wa i t s , " but , e x c e pt during the and eve n t i e d bri ght-orange s t re am­ day- l ong act iv ity of the rut t i ng e rs through h i s e ar tags to help s &as on , h i s v i g i l s are kept on ly in the hunt e rs s e e h i m . The e x p e r i the e arly mor ing and whe n the day � me ntal buck wa s then re l e as e d in is o l d . A no c t urnal animal, t he · the S l im But t e s are a . Five s eas on• d e e r s le e ps curled in c o n i fe rous ed hunte rs fa i le d to f ind even a t h i cke t s be twe e n s uc h pe r iods , e s ­ t rac e of the animal in s e v e n days pe c ia l ly o n t ho s e days o f s evere of cautious pr ow ling . c o ld , ra in , s nows t orms , and high T hre e ot t h e hunt e rs were then w ind e s e nt int o t he e xact area whe re the S ylve s t e r Franc is saids . "�her rad i o beams s h owe d t he buck t o be are two s t r ik e s on the hunt e r who l o c a t e d . A care ful bush-t o-ilow i e s to c at c h d e e r napping -who tr d owns earch s e a rc h from dawn to d u s k s at tak e s fas t and d if fic u l t shot fa i le d to pro d u c e the s ight or s ou�( And whe n in Ma ine ' s flying flags . N o f the t e s t d e e r . All fiv e hunt e rs ous region one day we • vas t N icat upon t wo d e e r , one a bad ly wound e d d o e and dying , and lat e r came went int o act i on the ne xt day with ( c ont inued on next page ) �14 c o nt . from page 1 3 . ) ( How I nd i a.n s t h e rad i o- b e am i ng h im i n pre c i s e ly. But eve n then t he d e c orat e d buck was n ' t l o c at e d unt i l the s e ar c h e rs we re c o m i n g out in the e ve n in g , and one o f t h e m nearly s t umb l e d ov e r h im c u r l e d t i ght und e r � bru s h h e a p . T he I nd ians a l s o ins i s t , and have many t ime s d e mons trat e d t o my pope y e d ama z e m e nt , t hat wall ing i s much more s u c c e s s fu l i f t he hunt e r t ak e s advant age f o t h e d e e r ' s f i e r c e c u r i o s i t y and ins t e ad o f pus s y f o o t ­ i ng , c ra s he s s w i f t ly al ong through Appare nt ly c onv inc e d the b rus h . t�a t it i s n o t be ing s talk e d b y man or natural pre d at or , it o ft e n wa i t s o r c i rc l e s qu i e t ly ba ck t o ge t a l o ok at t he a.pproac h i ng no i s e make r . T h e r e qu i r e m e nt s for s uc c e s s are fas t e ye s and a fas t gun . T h i s bru s h - c ras h i ng , l e a f- ra t ­ t l ing , twig- E?a p p ing pro c e dure , I have l e arne d ove r t he y e ars , v e ry o ft e n pro•uc e s d e e r for hunt e rs d ur­ i ng p e r i o ds of s ev e re drought whe n t he w o o d s a re e x treme ly br i tt l e . Wh i l e o n a j aunt f o r d e e r i n N ew B ru ns w i c k , a v e ry o ld M i cmac c a l l e d o nly " Old I z aak " d em o n s t rat­ e d c o nv i n� i ngl y what a pus h o v e r t h e wh i t e t a i l i s for t h e unus ua l . Old I z aak had a .. ca l l " he had mad e and H i dd e n in a c e da r t h i c k­ swore by . � t . we l o o k e d d own a we l l-worn run­ way tw i s t ing out o f a d e ns e s pruc e My Ind ian fr i e nd ra i s e d t h e swamp . c a l l t o h i s w i t h e r e d l i ps . He bre at h e d e a s i ly i n t o the l it t l e i n s t rume nt a nd a s o ft pla i n­ t iv e c ry s ound e d t hrough t h e fo re& Aga i n and a ga in at 1 0-minut e int e r­ And f i na l ly , vals he s ound e d i t . w i t h in a hal f h o u r , a v e ry large and i n qu i s i t iv e d o e w i t h t w o fat fawns c ame fn>m the s wamp- - e ye s bul. ­ • • • ging l ik e har d - b o i l e d e ggs , ne c k s O l d I z aak ' s b o ny out s t r e t c he d . brown hand pus h e d d own my r i fle . We l e t t h e m pas s . C a l l i ng a ga i n and wa i t i ng l o ng , w e s ud d e n ly s aw a f ine b u c k b o unc e from t he s wamp , paw fur­ run a l it t l e h a l f c irc l e i ou s ly , t h e n w it h l e gs s raw l e d and ne c k e x t e nd e d , s tare f i e rc e ly i nt o H e was c l o s e and t he our l o c at i on . c h e s t s ho t was e as y . · p T h e I nd ian s a i d t he l i t t le c a l l e r had br o u gh t many d e e r t o h i s gun , and in nor t h e r n Que b� it s urpr i s e d h im by als o att ract­ Whe n I le ft ing fox e s and w o lve s . for h ome he mad e me a pre s e nt o f I s t i l l u s e i t and it s t i l l it . produc e s d e e r for me and m y white hu nt e r f r i e n d s . T h i s c a l l , �r c a l l e r , i s a s im­ Anyb ody can make ple arran gem e nt . I c ons i s t s o f two - J!- inch one . p i e c e s of wh i t e c e dar , ! - in c h wide , b o t h s have d d own t o a i t- inch l o ng o p e n i ng in the c e nt e r . A p i e c e o f t - in c h e l a s t i c i s s t re t c he d t i ght b e twe e n the p i e c e s o f wood , the e nd s of wh i c h are gro oved a b it f o r s t out thre ad wh i c h b ind s them t ight ly t og e t he r . I have· u s e d t h i s ama z i ng l i ttle gad ge t on many o c c a s i o n s o� r the ye ars , c a l l i ng in nume rous d e e r , as we l l as re d fox e s , a few bob­ c at s arld c rows , otter , and nume rous The s o und gray and red aqu i rre l s . it mad e s is unl ik e anyt h ing I have Pr o p e rl y us e d , it i s e v e r h e a rd . far and away the be s t at t ra c t or o f t h e wh i t e t a i l d e e r I have e v e r Ev e n bet t e r t h an Ne e dahbe h ' known . �ad d l e - d ragging t r i c k . ( C ont inu e d in next mont h ' s i s sue . ) • * * * * * * * * * * PEN OBS C OT LANGUAGE LES S ONS W ig-wum Kah-gunn Dow- s ah-gunn Dow-bo o d i Dow-e pp-pood i S upp-ka - d e h Wau l-ah-d e h M i t - s o o -d i Nus - s ah-quak Em-qun Wah - ba - k o o s Dum-he :.gunn T�·b i Bah-qah Gul-ah-bab i Muc k- k e e -kun A h-gwe -dun Tah-haw-gun Lodge Door Wind ow C ha i r Tab l e S t ov e Dish Fork Kni fe S po on Pa i l Ax e Bow Arrow R o pe F i s.h hook Canoe P ad d i e * � �l - �----- · - - · -- - � A V IEW T OWARDS IND IAN ISLAND ·· It i s pr i s t ine appar e nt ly across t he gre e n bridge on a c o o l day in spr ing . The Churc h s S t , Anne ' s , lo oks a part o f i t , . , a t oy v illage and a good p lac e , Cro s s i ng change s t hat , The s t re e t s w ind in agony , and a s c re am o f shame , our . s hame , i s eve rywhe re . I cannot go as a t ouris t , Eve n the t re e s ask me , ' Why have you c ome ? What c an you d o for us ? ' Wooden c ro s s e s s e t crooked i n the graveyard re j e c t me . I go back qu i ck ly , but I c annot forge t , I !!!!! t he �trange r he re , and I l ive on s t o le n gro und . * S ubm i t t e d by 1 T he od ore Ens l in ( From The Aro o s t o o k Ind ian , May 19 7 1 ) * * * * * * * * * * * * WEDD INGS Just in Lo la , Pas samaquoddy , and Caro l Dana , Pe nobs c ot were marri e d by Chi e f· J ohn S t e � ens , at Pet e r Dana Po int on May 22 • 1 9? 1 . * * * * * * * * * * * Mart in A . Nept une , Penobs cot and Kathy Fearon , we re married May 1, 1 9 ?1 , on Ind ian Is land , by Ke nne th Th omps on , Jus t ic e o f Peac e . • * * * * * * * * * * N ORTH AMER ICAN T RA D IT I ONAL UN ITY C ONVEN T I ON The N orth Ame r ican t rad it i on­ al un ity c onve nt i on me t at T o b iq N . B . , Cana da , at Ma l i s e e t Re s e rv � on the las t thre e days i n May . A Unity Caravan w i l l fol low in July . The Purp o s e o f the oo nve nt ior i s to he lp unite the N � rt h Ame r­ ican Pe ople . The thr� • day c on­ vent i on is to bring t o ths d e le ­ gat e s an und e rs t and ing o f t he nat ive re s pons ib i l it i e s t o the T op i c s we re d is cus s e d for� Lnad . mal ly and informal ly �n how the s re s pons ib i l it i e s w e re wre s t e d a­ way from the nat ive pe•pl e ove r t h e c e ntur i e s . How t o rega in t h dut ie s , the way o f l i fe , e t c . were d i s cus s e d . " Th e land is not ours t o d o w ith as we w i l l s we h 9 l d it in trus t for our unbo rn c h i ldren . " A c lo s e r aware ne s s o f t r ibal proble ms , an ident ity � f brothe r h o od , an image o f Ind ianne s s , ar. a unity o f fe e l ing we � the mark• o f the gathe ring . * * * * * * * * * * * � �16 IAND OF FOUR D I REC T I ON S by FRED E R I C K J OHN PRAT S ON as t h e y pre f.e r t o be c a l l e d , t o t oday ' s world . " LAND OF THE FOU R D I RECT I ONS i s a me s s age from _ t h e Ind ian peoT h e c onc e pt for t h i s book evo lv e d p l e wh i c h s ays ' Lo o k at m e I am an I nd i an and damn we l l proud o f wh 7 n , on r e t u�f'.l i ng h ome , I found my i t . ' " - A ndrew · N i ch o las , J r . , Ex­ fr i e nd s unab le t o c ompre h e nd t h e l i fe o f an I nd ian or t he fac t t hat e c ut ive D i re c t or , Un i on o f N e w many I n d ians l ive in nearby Ma i n e Brunsw i c k I nd ians . and N ew Brunsw i c k , T h i s l e d t o my Fre d e r i c k J ohn Prat s on not only c onc lus i o n t hat no amount of ve rb i has capture d a c and id g l imps e o f age c ou ld t ru ly pre s e nt t he I nd ian the Ind ian i n text and phot o , but and h i s c ond i t i ons . Ins t e ad t h e I n- has p l e d ge d ha l f h i s rayalt i e s t o T . R . I . B . E . , Inc . , a n e x pe r imental d i an mus t s h ow h ims e l f , h i s c ommuni t y , and h i s way of l i fe thr� ugh s �h o o l in Bar Harb o r , Ma ine , for p i c t ure s . T h e word s must c ompleme nt , T e ach ing and R e s e arc h in B i -Cu lturbut n o t d e t rac t from , t h e phot oal Ed u c at i on . graph i c e x pe r i e nc e . Mr . Prat s on is a fre e lanc e photoI f t h i s book g ive s the non- Ind i an graph e r who l ive s i n N o rth S c i tuate , a d e e pe r und e rs t and ing o f h i s I nd i an Mas s . , w i th h i s w i fe , Pat r i c ia , and ne i ghbo rs it w i l l have a c h i ev e d it s H i s prev i ous the i r four c h i ldre n . goal . ' work : inc lud e s c ont r i but i ons t o varS o Fre d e r i c k J ohn Prat s on ex pla i ns i o us magaz i n e s and ph o t o graph i c c re d i t for T h e G e o l ogy o f A cad ia t h e ge ne s i s o f LAND OF FOU R D I RECT I ONS , wh i c h was publ i s h e d on NovemNat i ona l Park ( C hatham ) . be r J , 1 97 0 , ( $7 , 9 5 ) by t h e C hat ham ( V i k ing Pre s s , I nc . , 6 25 MadPr e s s , I nc , 1 d i s t r ibut e d by V i k i ng , i s on Avenu e , N e w York , N . Y . 1 0 022, . w i t h i nt roduc t i ons by J o hn S t evens 2 1 2 P la z a 5-43 3 0 ) Mr . Prat­ te l and A nd re w N i c h o las ( 12 8 page s w i t h s o n and t h e two Ind ian C h i e fs are ava i la b l e for rad i o and t e l ev i s ion ove r 1 0 0 pho t o graph s ) . "LAND' OF FOU R D IRECT I ONS i s a d o c - appearanc e s � C o ntact Jame e Tuc ker . illn e ntary e x pe r i e nc e amo ng t he Pas s amaquod d y , Mal i s e e t , and M i cmac t r* * * * * * * * * * * * i b e s o f Ma ine and N ew B runsw i c k . S KETCHES OF OLD T OWN It -i s e nd ors e d ·b y t h e I nd i ans t h e m­ . by . s e lve s , a rare h o no r for a wh i t e · . ma:n ' s work DAV ID N ORT ON , E s q . Ch l e f Pe t e r Bar l ow , o f t he C anaS ome t ime in the lat t e r part o f . d ian I nd ian I s land · R e s e rvat i on , b e . l ie v e s t hat v e ry few me n are a-s s e r- t h e e i ght"e e nt h ' c e rit ury ,' .j ohn Marsh appe are d h e re , or , as s ome author­ i ou s about the I nd ians as Fre d e r i c k i t i e s s ay , i n 1 77q, and· mad e a s e� ­ Prat s on . " V e ry few wh i t e me n have t l ement at t h e foo t o f Mars h I s land , be e n abl e t o .. � c apture t h e I nd ian way . o f l i fe · and t hought as i t i s t od ay and l ive d for s ome ye ars in int im· at� and , fri � nd ly re lat i ons w i th t he und e rs t and i ng and know le dge o f my pe o p l e and I t h i nk t h i s i s won� . . . �nd i ans , l e arn ing t h e i r language , ariP fre qu e nt ly act i ng as an int e rd e r fu l . " H i s deportme nt pre t e r for t he m . H e r� are t h e i r h om e s , t h e i r c h i was s u c h as t o w in the i r · unbound ed l d re n , t h e i r pa i n , · and the·i r c e l e bT orn b e twe e n a proud anc e s - c on f i d e nc e , and for favors ·be s t owed , rat i on . and s e rv i c e s r e nd e re d t o them , they t ra l he r i t age and t h e s harp aware P pro p o s e d t o make h i� a l ibe ra l c om­ f t h e i r s·e c ond-c las s · c i t i z e nne s s o s h i p , · t h e y are ang e r e d by broke n pro-pe n s at i on , and a ff i x e d the i r marks t o · an i n s t rume nt , wh i c h was re pre ­ Po s t m i s e s and o bs o le t e : 'po l i c i e s s ent e d t o t h e m as be i ng a · pe t it i on e rs · ·o f G e r o n imo � t·he s e i z ure o f A lt o t h e Ge ne ra l C ourt o f Mas sachu­ c a t raz , t h e pro l i fe rat i on o f Ind ian Powe r e m b l e ms s igni fy a n e w m i l i tan- s e t t s , t o grant t o Mars h , a lot o f cy , c o nne c t ing " T h e Pe ople " , · as t h e y land upon t h i s i s land - but whe n •I\ ; • • · • · • • • · • . . • • �17 c ont . ) ( SK ET CH ES the d o c ume nt re a c h e d i t s d e s t ina­ t i on , i t was a s c e rt a i n e d t o be a pe t it i o n i n the f o rm o f a d e e d , for the grant of t he wh o le of the i s ­ land . - I n c ornp l i anc e ' w it h · the t e rms o f the pe t it i on , t he S t at e made the grant , and from that t ime forth the is land has o bt a i ne d , and s t i l l b e ars the iname of Mar s h Is land . Wh e n t h e Ind i ans d i s c ov e re d the impo s it i on t hat had be e n prac t i c e d upon t he , t h e y mad e a n e ffort t o b e reve nge d u p o n Mar s h , and mad e an at t empt upon h i s l i fe , and he was o b l i ge d to k e e p out of t he i r way for s ome t ime , in ord e r to avo id the c ons e qu e n c e s o f the i r j us t in­ _d ignat i o n . But treac h e ry ; in t ime , s o one r or lat e r , i s s ure t o me e t i t s r e ­ ward s a l l o f t h i s gre at inh e r i t ­ anc e s o fraudu l e nt ly obt a i ne d , the mo s t of i t s l i pp e d out of his hand s dur ing b i s l i fe t ime , and but a small l o t , if anyt h i ng , now rema ins in the p o s s e s s i on of h i s d e s c e ndant s . ( Tak e n from C hap . V , pg . 1 7 , 1 8 , ) e xp e r t s and more e x p e rt Ind ians . " But Re p . J o s e ph E . B i nne t t e , D ­ O ld T own , s a id Ma ine Ind ians " d on ' t want any part " o f be ing s e at e d in t he l e g i s lature . If they want e d t o be s � at e d t h ey c an run for t he l e g i s lat ur� l ike any o t he r cand idat e , B i nne t t e and Re p . J ame s T . Dud le y , D -Enf i e ld , argue d . want t o " But t h e y d on ' t / , be c au s e t h e y fe e l t he y c an g e t a lo ng b e t t e r t h i s way t han i f t h e y we re on t h e flo o r o f the hous e , " B inne t t e d e c lare d . R e p . J o hn Donaghy , RT Lube c , I f In­ s po k e aga ins t the o rd e r . d ians are g iv e n s e at i ng pr iv i l e ge s , he s a id , the Le g i s lat ure w o u l d be b o und to prov i d e s pa c e for any e th n i c group wn i c h demand e d i t . Re p . R i c hard He we s , R-Cape E l i z abe t h , ra i s e d t h e �ue s t i on o f c o n­ s t i tut i ona l i t y . But S t ar� ird s a i d h e had b e e n adv i s e d b y A t ty . G� n . Jame s s . Erw in that s e at i ng o f t h e Ind ians w i t h o ut vot ing r i ght s can be d one by a Hou s e ord e r . Any c i t ­ i z e n can b e s o s e at e d , h e ma i nta in­ ed . * * * * * * "We s hou ld d o s impl e j us t ic e * * * * * * and pas s t h i s o rd e r , " S t a rb ird s a j i The pre s e nt Ind i an re pre s e nta­ YES V OT E- -THEN N O t ive s to t he Leg is lat ure , e le c t e d FOR IND IA N S EAT b y t he i r t r i be s but having n o vo t ­ AUGUS TA-T he Ma ine Hou s e v o t e d 6 7 - i n g powe r at t he s ta t e h o us e , are J ohn Ba i le y o f the Pas s amaquoddy 1 57 Tue s day a ft e rn o o n i n a non-ro l l c a l l v o t e to a l l ow Ind ian re p�e s e nt r ibe and J o hn M i t c he l l , S r . o f tat ive s t o o c c upy a non-vot ing s e at t h e Penobs c o t t r ibe . i n t he H ous e , and t he n turne d around ( From Bango r D a i ly News , 5/26/71 ) And t h e n on t h e o t he r in a r o l l c a l l v o t e 1 0 m inut e s lat e r ( Ed . N ot e : hand the non- Ind ian m i ght d emand and rev e rs e d t ha t d e c i s i o n . W h e n lawmak e rs w e re forc e d to s ig- a s e at on t h e t r ibal c ounc i l . T h e princ i p l e o f t h i s i s s u e s igni f i e s n i fy t h e i r v ot e s on t h e e le c t ro n i c t o t e board, t he y v o t e d 7 5 - 5 8 aga ins t a s e para t e c i t i z e ns h ip f o r the the o rde r by R e p . s. G l e nn S t arb ird , p e o p l e who are s t i l l o c cupying t he land o f t h e i r fat h e rs and grand= J r . , D . K ingman , t o ame nd the Hous e fath e rs and wh o s t i l l rema in a s e rule s pe c i fy ing who s ha l l be s e at e d parat e nat i o n . And t he n i f r e pre i ns i de the h o u s e ra i l ing . S t ar b i rd s a i d Ind ians had n ' t b e e n s entat i o n w e re grant e d , t h e n t axa­ t i o n wou l d be s ure to f o l l ow . H o� ­ s e a t e d o n the f l o o r of the Hous e i n a n o n-vo t ing c apac i t y s inc e 1 9 51 . He e v e r our e c o n om i c s t andards me a s ure up to t h e Ma i n e c i t i z e ns , you can sa i d the pre s e n c e o f t h e Ind ians i s b e s ure that our land i s pr i c e le s s . " of imme asurabl e va lue to u s h e re on the flo or o n any que sti o n i nvo l v- No amount o f man ey c ou l d buy the land, f o r in c a s e o f n e e d , we c an ing I ndians . " . re ly on our land f o r s us t e nanc e , Re p. T he odo re s . C u rt i s , J r . , RC urtis sa i d what the s h e lt e r , and s upport . ) Orono , agre e d. • • • le g i slature ne e ds is "fe we r I ndian · * * * * * * * * * * * * �18 ( Gr e at c o nt . from page J . ) re s t unt i l he f ind s t h e land the t h e s e �h ings hav e be e n · l e ft l i ke the Great S p i r i t gave unt o you . He empty h o rne t ' s ne s t s ha l l c ave int o � ha l l not pas s away w i t hout f i rs t t h e m , l ik e t h e s and 1 A nd t h e pow e r- hav i ng put h i s fo o t u p o n a l l t h e fu l man � h� l l be no · m6re - -T h e n t h e land s t hat hav e be e n mad e , t h e re ­ G re at S p 1 r 1 t s ha l l c a l l m e forth , t o - fore l o o k f o r h im a lways . " ward t h e noon s .un , t o t e ach you more . ( From L I FE A ND T RAD IT I ONS , by . The put t ing to d e ath of t h e Gre at J o s e ph N i c o lar . ) S p i r i t w i l l c ome t o pa s s , in a far * * * * * * * * * * * * o f f l and . " CHA PT ER I I F L A S H F L A S H F L. A S H " B e c aus e I make ment i o n o f t h e aw fu l day c om ing you mus t not mak e The N e ws l e t t e r l e a rne d Fr i d ay , June yours s e l f a fra i d , as the Great S p i r- 4th , that Mart in A . Ne ptune • s draft it w i l l n o t br ing t h i s upon you , o r c a s e h a d b e e n c ont i nue d for two your c h i ld re n � I t w i l l a lways be T he c a s e has be e n m o re months . P l a i n t o y o u t hat your bro t h e r and po s t pone d to d e t e rm ine whe t h e r or you are tw o ' you are r e d , and h e n o t Fe d e ra l mars ha l l s had t h e righ ·' t o remove Mart i n from tho Pe nobs co · T h e G r e at S p ir it has e s t abwh i t e . re s e rvat i on , in what w i l l be c a l l P l i s he d H i s numb e r w i th you b ot h . H i s numbe r w i t h y o u i s s ev e n , wh i l e a j ur i s d i c t i o n hear ing , t o be he lr w i t h your brot h e r it s ha l l be thre e , in Hart ford , C onne c t i c ut , around t h e f i rs t Monday o f Augus t . and b e c aus e h i s numbe rs are few , he s ha l � l ive fas t , and pa s s away qu i c k ­ * * * * * ly , and be c au s e your numbe rs are many you s ha l l l iv e s l ow , and l i ng­ e r . a l ong wh i le be yond your b r o t h e r . I f you w o u l d l ik e to c ont inue re ­ A l l th e s e bad t h i ngs w i l l c ome t o c e iv ing t h e MA IN E IND IAN N EWS LETTER pas s a c ro s s t h e b i g wat e r , the re fo re S END IN YOUR NAME AND ADDRES S , W ITH A CHECK OR MONEY ORDER FOR THBEE I mus t warn you not t o bu i ld large D OIAA RS . v e s s e l s t hat w i l l be ar . you a c ro s s , s o t h at you w i l l not hav e a hand in * * * * * t ak ing the l i fe of t h e Gr e at S p i r i t . * · W he n the Gr � at S p i r i t s e e s t hat you I f you w o u l d l ik e a c o py o f t�e o ? e y_- t h i s warn ing you w i l l e s cape L I FE AND T RAD IT I ONS , by Jos e ph His wrat h � · and H e w i l l s how you how N i c o lar , s e nd in a c he c k or money H e w i l l c abs e much H e l ov e s you s ' your c h i ld r e n to b e b o rn in t he s ame ord e r for t hre e d o °I lars . form i� wh i c h H e mad e the f i rs t man . * * * * * T he re w i l l n o t be a c h i ld b o rn d e � · forme d , ne i�h e r w i l l any be k i l l e d by · -l i ght n ing s t h e y shal l e s c a pe t h e I f you w o u l d l ik e t o b e · a re p o rter f l o ods and e arthquak e s , and whe n t h e from your home , s e nd i n your news t o t h e Ma i ne I nd i an ·News l e t t e r . be a s t b i t e s you , y o u w i l l n o t - go : W e we l c ome l e t t e rs , ·news pape r art­ ::.. · c ra z y w i t h h im , t h ougn c ra z y h e be ' i c le s , s t o r i e s , j ik e s , e t c , from and . whe n you c u t your hand or your our r e ad e rs . f o o t , your j aw s w i l l not c lo s e up • • • · , T h e s e prom i s e s l ik e the b e a s t s . * * * * * * s ha l l b e w it h you a s l ong a s you k e e p yours e lv e s w i t h i n the bound s I f you would l ik e t o know more abc Know i ng t hat many o f m� t e ac h ing . t h e Un i ty Carava n , wh i c h s tarts t e mpt a t i ons w i l l c ome to you--you s ha l l be c ome w e ak i n m ind , and s ha l l o n J u ly J , 1 971 a t Onondaga ( S yra· want t o be l i e v e s om e o t he r t ea c h ings , c us e ) N . y . , read t h e AKWESAS NE N O� · For t h o s e o f t he N e ws l e t t e r: re acrel'r i t i s we 11 f o r me t o s ay t o you , who r e c e ive d a c o py in t h e ma i l , t hat t he wh i t e man w i ll fe e l i t as t he e d i t o r s e nt your addre s s s o tha a duty t o h is c h i ld r e n t o s e e k new * * s for t h e M , and t hat he w i l l n o t you c ou l d re c e ive a c opy . land �- 1 9- $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$m$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ $ A D V E R T S I E M E N P A T G E $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$ $$$ $ � $$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$ $ $$$$$$ ' n-· GLA S S . LEA THER G las s 'ba l l· hung n e c k la c e . $J . 5 0 e a c h . from Ma i n e I nd i a n N e w s l e t t e r . 10 c e nt s per w o o � fo r o n e t im e � . ·8�c e nt s-· p e r -· w o rd , t w o t o f i v e t ime s . 6 c e nt s p e r w o rd 6 t im e s or m o r e . . F a s c- i n o. t * * * * * * * * * I N D IAN MA D E MU K- LUK S ing - lea ther, from A l l a d s mu s t be pa i d fo r in advanc e s numb e r s , i n i t i a l s , a nd abbr e v i a t i o n s c ount a s w o rd s . M i n imum ra t e $1 . 0 0 p e r a d p e r m o nt h . * PENDAN T * * * IND IAN MA I - E * * * * � * * * C OL ORIN G B O OK No . 1 A 2 0 pag e c o l o r i ng b o o k o f u '· p i c t u r e s w i t h c a pt i o ns d e p i c t i n g l i f e o f t h e N o rt h e a s t I n d i an s . i nc lu d e s ma i l i ng . $1 . 0 0 · .. - Adult s i z e s $ J O . O O , Y o ung c h i l d r e n ' s * * * * * * * * * * * s izes S e nd i n Fo o t m e a s u re ­ $1 5 . 0 0 . T H I S S PA C E R E S E RV ED FOR Y OU R AD . m e n t s w i t h c h e c k o r m o n e y o rd e r t o Ma i n e I nd i a n N e ws l e t t e r . * * * * * * .!- :f · * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * M OCCAS I N S - fo r i n fa nt s o n ly $ 5 . 0 0 p e r pa i r . Hand ma d e . S e n d c h e c k o r m o n e y o rd e r t o � a i n e I nd i a n N ews l e tt e r . * * * * 'I w o u l d * l ik e * to * * * re c e ive * * * t b e MA IN E * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Hand $1 . 0 0 * HEADBANDS - ( street-or P . o . Box) * * - - - - - - ( C ity- - - -st t - - - -z i -Code ) a e p - - - Subs c r i pt i o n r at e s 1 R e gu la r C o n t r i bu t ing S u ppo rt i ng L i fe t im e S i ng l e DA T E is sue s AMOUNT - - - * * * * * IN D IA N N EWS LET T E R : - - - - - - - - MA IN E - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - $J . O O 5 . 00 10 . 00 5 0 . 00 I ND IAN N EWS LET T E R P . O . Box 553 04468 Ma i n e T ow n , I N D IAN N EW S LET T E R mak e s * - MA IN E A s ubs c r i pt i on t o the * * * 3 5¢ Old * � bra i d e d l e a t h e r h e ad ba nd s . e a c h - Ma i n e I n d i a n N e ws l e t J, N AM E_ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - _T R I B E_ A DDRES S * Hav e y o u s om e t h i ng t o s e l l ? S e nd i n y o u r a d t h i s w e e k fo r n e x t m o nt h s a d �ert i s sm e nt in t h e M a i n e I nd i an· N e ws l e-t t e r . * L I FE AND T RAD I T I ON S OF THE RED MAN by J o s e ph N i c o l a r , j u s t $ J . O O from t h e Ma i n e I nd i a n N e w s l e t t e r . * * * a f i n e gi ft . � �MA IN E IND IAN NEWS LET T E R P . O . Box 55 3 C4 4 6 8 O l n T own , Ma ine � BULK U .S . RA T E P OS TA G E P A I D Old T o wn , Ma ine P0 .Y.m i t N o . 13 - � Y Co l l e g e I i b rc ry l t- y C o 2. l e � : e r v i l le , l'v!a i ne 04 901 . , C ompl imentary subs o ri � t ions will be d i e o ont i nu e d wit h next i s s.u e ! � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Penobscot Description An account of the resource The Penobscot people, who identify closely with the Penobscot River that is their home, have a reservation on Indian Island, near Old Town, Maine. Part of the Wabanaki Confederacy, they were among the tribes that won federal recognition in the 1980 Maine Indian Land Claims Settlement Act. <br /><br />A Penobscot scholar, Joseph Nicolar, was one of the first regional Native people to publish a book: <em>Life and Traditions of the Red Man</em> (1890). Since then, many others have written about their language and culture, including the performing artist Molly Spotted Elk and poet Carol Dana.<br /><br />The Penobscots have a rigorous process for protecting their intellectual property, asking any scholars who are studying or writing about them to communicate with their Cultural Heritage and Preservation Office.<br /><br /><strong>Resources</strong><br /><br />Penobscot Nation <a href="https://www.penobscotnation.org/" target="_blank">website</a><br /><a href="http://www.penobscotculture.com/" target="_blank">Penobscot National Cultural &amp; Historic Preservation Department</a><br /><br /> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <em>Maine Indian Newsletter</em> (May 1971) Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource ssipsis (Thompson, Eugenia) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Colby College Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1971-05 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Julia Brush Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Digital images courtesy of Bowdoin (or Colby) College Library. In making these images available, we also consulted with ssipsis’ daughter, Pam Outdusis Cunningham. Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Document Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource pdf Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DV-452 https://www.dawnlandvoices.org/collections/files/original/45ad4362bef00eeb21c02bd907233c3e.pdf 51bcfd38f855df613e75777451f82780 PDF Text Text 7 ! '� .. ; . � l?: s T 4' VOLUME l, Nl1MBER 4 NOVEMBER l966 COLBY COLLEGE . .l MUSKIE TO FlLE BILL 'l10 H'ELP l'it.AINE IND!ANS (Ed. notes I itltantled to in�l�de this �rtiele in last months issue but the art1clt3 was misplaced until the issue was completed. News items th-is old would n ot usually ba included in the Newsletter, however in this case I felt tha material was of special interest.) PRESS HERALD i3UREAU - WASHINGTON -- Sen. Edmund S. !v1uskie said Thursday that Indians living on st ....te reservations in haine End other Ee.stern states are being shortchanged in the feder�l antipovity program. The senator said he will file legislation next January to cl&rify the status of state reservation Indians under the Econo�11ic Opportunity Law. Although Indians living on federal reservations in the West allowed separate antipovity programs, are i•mskie said those who live on state reservations are not specifically covered by the language of the act and the agency has refused to make them eligible. Muskie protested to Director Sargent Shriver and announced he plans to file a clarifying bill which he said should also serve as &n incentive to the separate tribes of state reservation Indians to iraprove their econom­ ic and social condition�. Nost of the state Indians are located on the Eastern Seaboard, explained, P1,uskie and because of their early tribal treaties with the separate colonies have never been considered automatically eligible for federal­ aid prograLs enjoyed by the �estern Indian tribes. Indians has never been clearly defined, said Muskie, The status of state and as a result, each federal agency has set its own rules for eligibility (Portland,Me.,Press Herald, Friday, Oct.21, INDHN PREDICTS COLD, 1966) for programs. LITTLE SNOW ROCKY bOUNTAIN HOU::iE, Alta. (AP) - The son of Chief Walking Eagle predicts winter's arrival �·1ill be late and when it co,.:es it ·.:ill be cold without much snow. Isaac Beaver, who inherited the prognosticator role at his father's death last year, says he's not old enoulli yet to comrJune with Valking Eagle did to make his predictions with uncanny Beaver depends on observat�ons of aniaals and birds pre�aring the gods as accuracy. for winter. (I'ort:ln.rHi.,r··10_ .!.t·e�s Her3lo, Wcdnesciay, Nov. 2, 1966) �-2VISTA on Indian Reservations: A REASON �OR HOFE "For 100 years the white man has been co ,1ing to 1 help' the Indicm. Now, for the first ti1�1e, he comes to serve." - From a speech by a tribal chief at the graduation of a VISTA training class in Arizona. A young Alerican Indian•- chances to groH into self-reliant, produc­ tive adulthood have been slim. His mortality rate has been high; his If he survived, unedu­ school dropout rate has been a tragic 45 per cent . cated, he has been considered unecployable. He has re�ained in poverty, trapped by lack of opportunity, meager incowe and the nidely held miscon­ ception that he is incapable of thinking and acting for hli1self . Now, for the nation's 500, 000 Indians, there is new reason for hope. Indian communities are developing their own plans for improvement side by side with VIS TA Volunteers . VI0 TA projects are in operation in more than half the country's 79 reservations. Nor are the 120, 000 Indians who do not live on reservations being forgotten. To insure that their needs are understood, Indians themselves participate as key advisors in VISTA Volunteer training. Volunteers spend a month of the concentrated six-week prograw living and working on the reservations, in many cases as guests of Indian families. How much can be accomplished has been proven even during the training period. One group of trainees helped organi2e a com1unity campaign to re-roof a community center. Another involved a community in a cooperative effort campaign that led to a new coat of paint for many of the houses. Still another group used lWllber to build extra roo .. 1s on overcro -,ded houses. Those Volunteers who have com�leted their training and are ITorking in the field live on the reservations as accepted members of the Indian com.wunity. Their assign!"ents are as varied as the tribes they work with. At the same time, they are discovering that they, too� are benefiting from their work with Indians. They are learning tribal languages and culture -someti1;1es rlith unusual results . One tribe welcomed VISTA Volunteers to its reservation uith a celebration that included teaching them the rain dance. Thereafter, it rained steadily for t�o days . It proved to one Volunteer, he said only partly in humor, "what we can do r1hen 1ve all work together. 11 While learning old skills, Volunteers pick up techniques that are sometimes required for modern living: One Volunteer was given the task of delivering the children of an Indian co1J111unity to a VI� TA pre-school program; she has become the accomplished driver of a four-speeJ panel truck. Finally, there has been yet another reward - Indians thewselves are becoming VISTA Volunteers. Following are afew of the VIS TA projects on Indian Reservations. ARIZONA - Gila River Indian Com_1unity Sacaton): Volunteers are assisting, ( through instruction and supervision, in progra�s concerning adult education, home management, law and order, civics, welfare, pre-school and day care activities, recreation, sanitation and truck gardening. Salt River Pima-Maricopa Indian Commnity Tribal Council ( Scottsdale): Volunteers are participating in community work with young people, parent leadership development and the ore;anization of conscructive leisure pnrsuits. (Cont.j nned on page IL�) · �-3E D I T 0 I R A L S TfIE hAINE INDI.!-JIJ NE.�SLETTER EDITOR • T . THOHPSON ( enobscot) P EUGENIA • T he iaine Indian Ne 1:rsletter is !-'Laine' s only state-vvide Indian newsletter, and is free of c harge. News and stories may be submitted to the Newsletter by the 15th of each month for publication at the following address: Pine Street Freeport, Maine, 04032 ( Telephone: 865-4253) Letters to the Editor are welcome but must conform to the rules required by every newspaper. They must bear the writer's correct name and address although pen names are permitted at the discretion of the Editor. All letters must be signed though names will be withheld from publication on request. Preference will be given to letters not over 350 words in length. Letters are subject to correction of grammer or obvious errors, and are subject to condensation or editing when space limitations require. Governor Elect Curtis Aware of Indian Needs The Newsletter was interested in the recent campaigning to see that occasionally a candidate showed awareness of our Maine Indians and their needs. Several times Kenneth�. Curtis, the Governor elect, referred to the Indians of Haine in .hia campaign. speeches. _A.t _one�point Mz; _Curtis.:._ called for "improved education, housing and economic conditions for the Maine Ind:i�ns." Mr. Curtis is aware, I am sure, that this is a generality Rnd does not apply to all of the �aine Indians, nevertheless is is import­ ant that he realizes that many Indians do want a chance to live a better life, and have these needs he has mentioned. \1f hen l,\'ir. Curtis seats himself in the Governor's chair in January, he will be a very busy man; but we hope he will not be so busy that he forgets �11 that he said on the campaign trail. __ .... • • * • • * • .. . ,_ • Name The NE:JSLET :R Contest T It may have been due to the novelty of the Maine Indian Newsletter, or maybe because there have been other newsletters and newspapers relating to the Haine Indians, which have not survived, but v1hen the Newsletter ra'll the Name the Newsletter c.:rntest, we received only three letters with suggestions_for names ; two of which were from Indians. There seemed to be an attitude of "wait and see" if the Newsletter puts out t�1e next issue. T he Newsletter is saving these letters with the sug, ested names and wi 11 ot.::trt running the contest again s·oon. The reason we did not end the (Continued on page 4) �-4( Continued from page 3 ) contect and use one of the names submitted was sihlply that although the suggested names were good, the name we chose will be with us for a long time so we should chose from a wider sellection and thus stand a chance of having a name which will have that "something special" about it. LE T TER S ( The following is a letter from an 11 year oih<l who is looking for a pen pal . -Editor) Dear Sirs: Noveober 6, 1966 Could you arrange for me to have a iialecite, Fenobocot, or Abenaki pen pal? I would be very grateful . I'm a boy, and 11 years old . Thank you very much . Your friend, Lars Nielsen Canaan, New York * * * * * * * * • * ( n the September Newsletter on page 2 and continued on page 14 e ran I a story by Jack V Fox, PI, U reprinted froru the Fortland Press Herald, entitled 11Plight of Host Indians Rated :,forse than Kegro, Other l!inority Groups . " Shortly thereafter we received a letter from the Editor of fhe Amerindian, published in Chicago, from Yfhich we want to quote two paragraphs. First, however, I want to mention that the Newsletter does not pretend to know what is best for the Maine Indian. Several times articles have been included in the Newsletter with which we did not agree but the Newsletter does not want to feel that it must hide these stories from the •laine Indian. It is left to the -enobscot, Passawaquoddy and other interested �arties to read all sides of an issue and then be free to w ke up their own minds . It is for this same reason that we re rint a portion of this letter now . Ed.; Dear Editor: On page 14, it is stated that the relocation program in Chicago has been almost a total failure . This is certainly not the case . The majority of relocatees are doing •,rell, have good jobs, illany are going to night school. The ones who are the problems are also problems at home . I think if you will contact the BIA Field Employment Office in this city, facts and statistics will prove to the contrary and it is unfortunate to have this erroneous information given circulation. In fact, most o the article is in error. For example, there is very little discriwination against Indians I don' t know where the writer got his away from the reservation area . material, but it is entirely out of line . I repeat, it is too bad for arr Indian publicRtjon to give it credence by publishing it Sincerely, �.arian E. Gridley Editor • • • • * * * • * * * • • • * Dear Newsletter: I was surprised and pleased to find in my mail a Newsletter and I want to thank you for sendine me one . I have read it and find it very interesting, informative, and well organized. ( Cont' d on page 15) �(5) ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE JtiviERICAN INDIAN T he REFERENCE EJ.'JCYCLOPEDIA OF THE AMERICAN INDIAN tells the reader at a glance the nature of the Indian-related collections and exhibits of over 600 museums and libraries; gives details on private organizations and government agencies involved in Indian affairs; contains information about monuments and state parks; includes varied coverage of all u. s. reservations and their tribal couricils; contains a listing of related publications of government and private organizations; contains a valuable section of audi -visual instructional aids and sources of authentic Indian crafts; lists U. s. colleges and univer­ sities offering courses on the American Indian; includes listings of over 2,000 related adult and juvenile books, classified by subject, with annotations; a section of biographical sketches of prominent living American Indians, and of non-Indians active in Indian affairs; with a special introduction by Commissioner Robert L. Bennett, recently appointed head of the Bureau of Indian Affairs of the United States Deparbnent of the Interior. The ENCYCLOPEDIA is an absolutely essential tool for anyone interested in any aspect of Indian affairs, for it presents in an easy-to-use and concise format information which is of use not only to the librarian, the sociologist, anthropologist or archaeologist, but also to students and teachers and those involved in curriculum planning at all educational levels; to the many Indian and American history "buffs", and to the professional or amateur researcher in any one of the many subjects to ·which the American Indian is related. The ENCYCLOPEDIA unlocks a wealth of infonnation, some of which previously was unavailable, the balance available only in a myriad number of sourcebooks, pamphlets, directories, bibliographies, newsletters, etc. A staff of research­ ers have worked for over one year to compile this 45C>-page book. The REFERENCE ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE Al�.tER IC AN IND IA N is offered on approval After the first printing is in its limited first printing at only $15.00. For more information, or to order exhausted the price will be $17.50 per copy. a copy of the ENCYCLOPEDIA, contact: B. Klein and Company, 104 Fifth Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10011 (Submitted by a reader) INDIAN CRAFTS APPRECIATED The fascinating world of Indian crafts, now becoming appreciated for its artistic value by the American people, began, cent�ries before the white man came, as a functional and religious necessity. Today, however, many of the hand-made Indian crafts are being collected as pieces of art by an ever more art-conscious society. Americans are collect­ ing basketry, jewelry, pottery, weaving and paintings produced by the American Indian much as it was produced centuries ago. Basketry, according to Brice Sewell, who has devoted many years of his ' life to the preservation of original Indian crafts, is fast becoming a lost art. In years past, the Apache, Pima and Yavapai tribe's were famous for their basket weaving; however, today it is the Papago tribe of southern Arizona which excels in basketry made from devil's claw, yucca and desert grasses. Originally, baskets were made by the Indians to be used in the storage of grain and other food stuffs. Some of the baskets were used also in religious ceremonies. Very few of the young women in the various tribes are learning the art of basket­ ry today. (From the Navajo Times, 10/20/66; Continued next month) A READER explaining to her children that ' -ac" before a name generally meant some one of Scottish descent, while the prefix 11Mc11 generally mear1t Jrifhmen. "Then, rr .. she c ontinued, "there are the llicmacs1 and they're Indian,. 11 -was �(6) McGOVERN ASKS S TATEBENT OF NATIONAL INDIA! POLICY U. S. Benat or George clcGovern (D . - S.D.) t oday intr oduced a r e so l ution in the Sena te cal ling upon t he Congres s to clear ly enuncia t e a new s t atement of Nat iona l Indian Po licy. "I think it is time for us no ·1 to make a serious appr ais a l o f our at titudes and aims for these origina l Americans ,11 �cGovern s aid ... In a major addres s accompanying t he introdu c t ion of the resolution, Mc­ Govern ca l led for ''a renewed effor t to break the chronic grip of pover ty on Indian people.11 nindians as a gr oup,11 McGovern s aid, "are only half as wel l educ a ted a s o ther citizens; have approximately two-thir d s the life expec t ancy, and are receiving between one-four t h and one- t hird as much annual inc ome." The Sena tor no ted that wit h t he pa s s age of the Economic Opportunity Ac t o f 1964, Indians have moved to join the uar on pover ty. Many of the real succe s s s tories of this Har are i)eing writ ten by Indian people. ' McGovern spel led ou t seven charac teris tic s of an ef fective Indian pr ogram: (1) Self -determina tion, (2) Self -help, (3) Consi s t ency, (4) Adequacy, {5) Innova­ tion, (6) Geogr aphic a l orientation, and (7) E f ficiency of oper ation (The f o l l o�ing r emarks are from Sena t or McGovern's Oc tob er 13th speech in t he U. s. Senate.) 11No o t her group of citizens s t and in precisely the s ame rel ation to the Federa l Government as do t he Indians. The unique nature of t his r e l a t ionship is deeply r oo ted in treaties and l aws of the United S t ateG which gives the Fed­ era l Governmen t responsibility for the pro tec tion of Indians and their resources. I t i s f r om t his base that a 1ide r ange o f services - Federal, s t ate and local have devel oped and are direc ted to Indian people for t heir improved wel f are.n "I t is prob ably more than coincidence that t he British, the Colonial, and l a ter t he.Uni ted States Government l ooked upon the Indian tribes as sovere!gn na tions and deal t �'11th them through treaties and diploma tic service. F or a period of time at lea s t , Indian tribes maint ained a numer ic a l superiority over the ear l y set t ler s. The fir s t set t ler s were faced wit h t he t a sk of no t only maint aining a livelihood on a har sh f rontier, b u t in e s t ab l ishing friendly rel ations wit h t he tri· a l groups." i'The se f actor s undoub ted ly inf l uenced our original liber al and permis sive Indian po licy which was embodied in t he Ifor t hwes t Ordinance of 1787: The u tmo s t good f aith shal l always be observed towards t he Indians; their l and and proper ty shal l never be taken from t hem wit hout t heir c onsent; and in their property, rights and l iber ty, t hey shal l never b e invaded or dis turbed, unles s in ju s t and l awfu l war s au t horized by Congres s; bu t laus f ounded in ju s tice and humanity shal l f rom time to time be made f or preventing wrong s done t o them, and f o r pr eserving peace and f r iend ship with them. Bu t a s t he year s pas sed, t he Co l onies grew in to a na t ion and the tal ance of power shifted f r om the Indians t o t he whites, creating a changing pa t tern o f r e l a t ionships between t he two groups . 11 "Thi' s po licy and many o ther s -.·1ere to give way to the l and hunger of t he advancing f rontier smen and o ther requirement s f o r the devel opment of the nation. And f or the maj ority of t he t ribes, the 19th century wa s characterized by mil i t ar y c onf l icts, physical and s o cia l upheaval, excessive disease ang·il lnes s, severe r educt ion in number s, broken promj�es by whi tes and Indians alike and always t he u l tima te defea t from. the end less waves of settl ers who were des tined to o ccupy t his va s t new nat ion." "The cumu l a tive ef fec t s of t hese l ong years of hardships had by 1900 re­ du ced this once proud people from an estimated one mill ion per s on s to 250,000. A l l sembl ance of former tribal government s had l ong since vanished and tr adition­ a l socia l and cultural patterns were undergoing r apid change. The reserva tion (Continued on Page 7) • . . . �(7 ) system and the Indians ' dependence on the Federal 9overnment for livelihood had become a ·way of . life for all but a feH Indians . The roots of the many faceted Indian problem had taken hold; and half a century later stubbornly resist solution . 1. ' (From the Office of Senator George McGovern, 10/lw/66) • • • • OJIBWAY CRAFT CENTER OPENS The recent official opening of the new $50, 000 Craft Center at Curve Lake Indian Reserve, 15 miles to the north of Peterborough, Ontario, marked a major step on the road to greater independence for some 600 Oj ibway Indians . According to Chief Dalton Jacobs, what started as "just an idea11 four years ago has now developed into a thriving business capable of providing an income for many of his people on the reserve . On observing the creative skills of the Indians 't·1hen fashioning headdresses and costumes for their own use, Chief Jacobs and Councillor Clifford Hhetung .felt their people could produce hand-made souvenirs equally as well. From a small beginning, the trade has now nrushroomed to the point where they have established a substanial mar!�et both at home ar.d abroad� principally in Europe, Australia, and southern parts of the United States . The band noH specializes in novelty items, such as feathered headdresses, carved totem poles, and min­ iature canoes . On the practical side, one might purchase hand sewn moccasins,· deerskin wear, baskets and place mats. ·Most of the raH materials required in the production of these articles, such as birch bark, porcupine quills, and hides, are obtained right on the reserve . Business is now being conducted from the new craft center, which . has a 40-foot by 60-foot showroom on the main floor for displaying the handicrafts and a basement for offices, workshops, and storerooms . The building, construc­ ted of logs and fieldstones, was built by local labor and from local materials . On the right of the main entrance to the building stands a 25-foot colorfully painted totem pole . Within, wooden supporting pillars, and even the raiFng uprights on the stairwell leading to the lower level, are carved like totem poles . The expansive interior is finished in natural wood . Although the business is owned by Hr. Whetung and his wife, Eleanor, The the band council signed a resolution to back a substanial loan for them. ne"t·7 industry grosses close to $50, 000 annually and, over the same period, increases the wages of band members to an estimated $16, 000 . Since tpe Indians are sharing in this tlu;iving adventure, Chief Jacots claims that conditions on the reserve have improved to a marked degree . Where poverty was once consid­ ered a plague, particularly during the TrTinter months, and 'tvelfare payments were the norm, both have virtually become a thing of the past . Since the Indians are now working together for the betterment of the reserve as a 't·1hole and them­ selves indiv�dually, there has �een a general uplift in morale . Every able­ bodied person, including the children, are involved in some phase of the craft 1 business . An example of their.aLility to meet committments was recently demonstrated yhen they had roughly just over a month to complete a relatively large order for approximately 12,000 items . Throughout this period, it was not uncommon Pre­ to see Indians working far into the night to finish their particular job . cisely one day in advance of the deadline, the shipment was completed (From the Indian News, Ottawa, Ontario, October 1966) • • • • ROBERT GERONIMO 77, nonbelligerent son of the Apache chief who led Indian raids against the U.S.Government between 1876 and 18G6, died of pneumonia and.diabetes, in Mesca­ lero, N.U., October 25th . Educated at Carlisle Indian School in Philadelphia, he was an adviser to moviemakers on authentic Apache life . ' (Frooa Hewslr.eek , 11/7/66) �(B) WORK - SCHOLARSHIP OPPORTUNITY FOR INDIAN STUDENT3 The Harvard-Radcliffe American Indian Project is an �rganization of students who donate their skills and energies to American Indian communities throughout the country. The American Indian Project offers its services to tribal councils or to individ ual communities and sends volunteers upon request t organize and carry out summe r programs. The form of each program depends upon the needs and desires of the InciiAn group it serves. Programs in the past have been quite varied. Volunteers have conducted summe r schools for grade school and pre-school children , done -tutorial work with high school studenta, organized baseball and basketball leagues for children of all ages and for adults, and given classes in arts and crafts. Other volunteers have worked in the offices of the tribal councils or in youth camps. TARGET SERVICE is a part of the American Indian Project. It enables Indians to spend a summe r "Drking on a reservation for approximately 8-9 weeks with AIP volunteers in one of the AIP programs. The jobs may be either educa­ Generally only one Indian student is assigned to tional or recreational. each AIP undertaking. This program presents an opportunity for Indian and non-Indian students to work together as equals. The fact that the students are roughly the sam e age and s houlder the same responsibility represents a significant departure from previous Indian • non-Indian relationships which have existed in similar programs in t he past. The program g ives Indian students a chance t� visit other reservations and to get a new perspective on themselves and their fellow Indians. Teaching and serving is always a learning experience. The Indian student, as well as the non-Indian student, is presented w ith a picture of a kind of w:::>rk which might be continued in later life. Each participant is awarded a $550 scholarship grant, of which $150 is At the beginning of the summer's pr gram the student is for transportatien. provided $250 to cover transportation and living expenses. In September, after completion of the project ( most projects run from about June 20th to about August 6th ) , the student receives the remaining $300. For application forms or furth er information, write: American Indian Project, Phillips Brooks House, Harvard Un iversity, Cambridge, Mass. ·02138 AN INDIAN SPEAKS Melvin D. Thom) ( Paiute ) "The forced a�stmilation and cultural genocide to which Indian people have b een subjected is a deprivation of basic human rights without parallel in the free world. We believe that the concept �f a great society could give recognition to the fact t hat cultural diversity is an asset, and not a liability, to this Nation • • • • We will call upon President Johnson to take measures to insure full recognition of the basic legal status of Indian tribes and Indian reservations. �We desire this not that we may be separate, but that we may find security in our homeland, and that we may sm·vive as a pe ple in the American system • • • • 11 ( From the United Church of Christ Journal, Septenber 1966) 11PIEGAN11 by Richard Lancaster, published by Doubleday & Company, Inc., is "a 1 ok from within at the life, times and legacy of an American Indian tribe - as seen through the story of its chief," 109--year old Chief White Calf. The book is reported to be the most comprehensive and yet frankly intimate portrait of the contemporary American Indian ever created. �(9) PASSAi�A�UODDY GIRL WINS ADDITIONAL HONORS Last month's Newsl etter ( Page 5) reported that Miss Viola Dana, daughter of 1'1.Lr. and Mrs. Albert Dana of the Indian Township Reservation, had won a Retail Sales Award at the P�land Springs Job Corps Center. The Newsletter has just been infonned that Miss Dana has also received awards and trophies "for athletic attainment in soft ball and swimming" and has decided to extend her enrollment in order to work toward High School equivalency. Miss Dana was also recently elected to the C0rpswomen1s Student Govern­ ment at Poland Springs. Following her election, she received the following memorandum from the Coordinator of C rpswomen 1s Government, rr.tr. Frank Petty: "May I take this opportunity to congratulate you upon your election to office as a member of Corpswomen1s Government for the next six months. The C rpswomen have expressed their confidence by placing you in the most influential organization The office you now hold is one of trust and at this Center. honor. It shal l require a great deal of effort and time. Your actions at all times must reflect the best interest �f all Corpswomen and the Center." CHEROKEES UNDERTAKE CULTURAL DEPTH PROJECT TAHLEQUAH, OKLA •. - The groundwork for a two million dollar Cherokee Cultural Center has begun on the ashes of the historic Cherokee Female Seminary, destroyed by fire in 1887. Sponsored by the Cherokee National Historical S�ciety, the four-part project will include an Indian village, a continuing Cherokee drama for summer presentation, Cherokee museum and a Cherokee archives building. the project will have great tourist appeal, Although it isn't a tourist expl�itation but a "depth project" in Indian culture and history , the sponsors say. Construction of the Indian village, representative of such a village is geare1 to a 1966 suninier opening. The drama, "hopefully scheduled to cpen in 1967," will be a s equel to the famous � These Hills which has in 1750, played to tremendous crowds for the past fifteen years on the Cherokee Reser­ vation in North Carolina. Sponsors plan for the museum construction in 1967, and the archive housing in l 96S. Funds have been appropriated from the Cherokee Foundation ($100, 000), the Cherokee Tribe ($100,000) , the State Legislature ($150,000), state indus­ Nearly a million dollars tries ($120,000) and individual contributions. is still required and a membership drive in the Historical Scciety is to be launched on a national basis which will help 'With f inancing. Cherokees will be e mployed for construction v.ork and in the completed center. The bricks for the Female Seminary, a school opened by the Cherokees after their removal to Oklahoma, wer.e made in Cherokee-owned brickyards, and ·the Irrlians will again make· the bricks f or the Cultural Center construction. ( From Indian Progress, Central City, from the Amerindian ) Nebraska, October 1966, reprinted 11THE ARAPAHO WAY" by Althea Bass, published by Clarkson N: P0tter, Inc., is the "memoir� of the li e of Carl Sweezy, deceased 1953, one of the last of the thousand full­ blooded Arapaho lpdians. The Arapaho as described in this small book are people who accepted d efeat and change with courage and proud humility." SEND IN YOUR Subscription Slip, from the la.st page of the Newsletter without delay, tn re­ ceive regular mont�ly copies of Maine's only Indian publication. �(10) INDIANS DEDICATE PARK Wampanoag Indians of the Federated Eastern Indian League participated in the official dedication ceremonies of the Cape Cod National Seashore Park with Secretary of the Interior Udall, in early summer. This was very near the spot (called First Encounter Beach) where the ancestors of the New England Indians had their initial contact with the Pilgrims from the Mayflower, before the founding of Plymouth, Mass. This item and a photograph of the Wampanoags with Secretary Udall were contributed to the August issue of Indian Voices by Russell H. Gardner. STUDENTS PRESSURED A British Columbia anthropologist has criticized public schools for trying to turn Indians into middle-class white children. Dr. Barbara Lane, who has just .'completed two years as an anthropol ogi i::t with the University of British Columbia, last month told a conference on educationally-deprived children this pressure is bringing Indian students into conflict with their teachers and harming their educational chances. "Most educators I have talked to as an anthropologist have wanted to know what is the key, the trick, the short cut, to turning Indian children most effectively into good middle-class white children," she said. '11The job of the school is not to force everyone into the same monotonous mold, but to transmit information and skill." (From the Indian Record, Winnipeg, October 1966) PASSAMA(UODDY TRIBAL ELECTIONS HELD The Passamaquoddy Biennial Tribal Elections were held on the Pleasant Point and Indian Township Reservations on November 1, 1966. Indian Township incumbent Governor John Stevens was re-elected for a two-year term commencing The new Lieutenant Governor for the Township is.:.�. �.,: January 1, 1967. George Stevens, Jr., and the 6-member Reservation Council will consist of the following persons, elected from ten-candidates: Maurice Brooks, Archie LaCoote, Basil LaCoote, Allan Sockabasin, George Stevens, Sr., and Pauline Stevens. Pleasant Point incumbent Governor Anthony Mitch.ell, not a candidate for re-election, will be succeeded by Joseph Mitchell, with Timothy Newell as Pleasant Point's new Lieutenant Governor. Again, ten candidates competed for the six Council positions at Pleasant Point; winners were: William Altavater, Irene Lewis, Frank Lola, Jeanette Moore, and John Nicholas. The Passamaquoddy Representative ·to the State Legislature, elected by both Reservations together, though coming from each Reservation alternately, is George Francis of the Pleasant Point Reservation, who will replace George Stevens, Jr., of the Indian Township Reservation. Over 100 tribal members from each Reservation cast their votes in these elections, which were held simultaneously on the two Reservations. 209 per­ sons voted for the combined position of Legislative Representative. Assisting at the polls at Pleasant Point were Ballot Clerks Peter A. Mitchell and Margaret A. Nicholas; Indian Township Ballot Clerks were Anna Harnois and Delia Lewey. Commissioner Hinckley officiated at Pleasant -.. the ·Hon.arable Warren Cookson acted as the Commissioner's Point while personal representative and officiated on the Indian Township Reservation. (The Maine Indian Newsletter extends CONGRATULATIONS to you. If the Ne�_sl�tter can help in implementing your programs during the next two years, it would be our pleasure.) � �(11) SHORTCHANGED MANY TIMES Bangor, Maine To the Editor Bangor Daily News: Mr. Peter A. Mitchell, Tribal Clerk of the Passamaquoddy Tribe, has brought up a point (see October Newsletter, Page 13) that is evident not only on the local scene. but also in national and international affairs, a lack of understanding The Indian has been shortchanged many times since the first settlers arrived in the New World, but perhaps the shoddiest "progr.ess of civilization" perpetrated upon them occurred last year. In the beautiful mountain region of western New York and Pennsylvania, the Seneca Indians lived on a tract of land given to them in a treaty signed by George Washington. The govern­ ment, against the protests of the Seneca Nation, forced them to give up their homes and land so that the infamous Kinzua Dam could be built. Though invitations were extended to many high-ranking politicians and government officials, none were present at the ceremony opening the new dam;·it was an unpopular event and bad for their "image" to be associated with it. The Senecas refused to attend, having long since named the backed-up waters Lake Perfidy . Kenneth C. Collins Husson College (From the Bangor Daily News, 11/10/66) . . . . • . · . INDIAN BRINGS AN EARLY THANKSGIVING Abraham Leo Neptune, a Penobscot Indian living in Gardiner, helped more than 20 children celebrate an early Thanksgiving at the Neighborhood Center Wednesday. Neptune, a brother to one of the aides at the center, appeared about 11 a.m. in full regalia. He wore a buckskin suit handed down to him from his father and bead-embroidered moccasins. The suit was made by his father just over 34 years ago. Leo Neptune made his own moccasins. Around his· neck was a large pendant shaped like an Indian head. Leo Neptune, of Brunswick Road, Gardiner, delighted the small children. He danced for them and then taught them a war dance. The visitor sat at a bead table during dinner and ate a traditional Thanksgiving meal with the children A center worker said she "never saw those kids so quiet for such a long time." (From the Kennebec Journal, 11/17/66) • . • • • . . • CALIFORNIA INDIAN STUDY RELEASED A comprehensive analysis of the social and economic barriers facing California Indians has been outlined in a Progress Report by the State Advisory Commission on Indian Affairs released earlier this year. The Commission was created by the California Legislature in 1961 to study Indian problems and suggest corrective legislation or other remedial action. The report noted that because California Indians live in small scattered settlements and rancherias instead of in large groups, they have been ex­ cluded from many of the new national programs devised to help depressed com­ munities. The report calls for full Indian utilization of all programs, (Continued on Page 1 2 ) �(12) CALIFORNIA INDIAN (Continued from Page 1 1 ) • • . • a t every l eve l o f government . However , it not es that "Calif ornia shou ld not depend for programs , p lanning , or thinking on the Fed eral Government or its agencies , but should step out vigor ously and imaginative ly in the search f or a solution to the social and economic probl ems of its Indian peopl e." Whi l e the Advisory Commission's 27 r ecommendations covered a l l f acets of Indian life from education to housing and sanitation it said "the key to the solu tion of the prob l ems of Indians , whether in the areas of education , we l far e and heal th , or living conditions lies in the dev e l opment of the economic employment potential o f Indians and in the economic d eve l opment o f t heir land r esources." . . . . The plans and proposal s of this group , or any other l ike it , stand a much better chance of success if Indians themse lves ar e directly invo lved in their p l anning and imp l ementation , the report said . The r epeated failure of pr ograms p l anned by o t hers f or Indians has cr eated a resentment among Indians "so that the y become skeptical o f any new pr ogram and re fuse to coop erat e with any pub l ic o f f icia l . " (From Indian Record , U.S.Bur eau of Indian Af fairs , October 1966) (A r eade r just submitted a copy of the Pr ovidence Evening Bu lletin f or June 9th, which contained the f o l l owing int eresting story concerning the Tuscarora Tribe of New York S t at e . ) DAUGHTER OF CHIEF UDATNAHNEECHRE Talk t o a r eal l ive Indian and al l the tal es of t omahawks , teepees and tribal dances concoc ted on Ho l lywood sets wil l seem quite remote . Neverthe­ l ess , Indians stil l l ive on reservat ions across the country , bu t one Tuscarora l ives right her e in Providence , on Medway S tr e e t. D e l ma Mount P l easant , the 23-year-o ld daughter of Chief and Mrs . Edison P . Mount Pl easant , was raised on a r eservation , thre e mi l es squar e , in Louiston , N.Y. Abou t 1 , 000 Tuscaroras live on the r eservation in ordinary houses (not t e epees) and the majority of them work in neighboring towns . "Actual ly the r eservation is very rural . It's just like living in the countr y , " the Indian maid en exp l ained . The Tuscar oras original ly came f rom North Car olina. In 171 3 , after l osing a clan of warriors in the Tuscaror a Har , the tribe h eaded up t he Eastern coast until final ly se ttling in upstate New York . In her Medway Str e et apartment , D e lma Mount P l easant has her fu l l Indian dress . "We onl y wear the costumes on special occasions , " she said. "At the annual New York State Fair held in Syracuse , there is an Indian village . The six tribes of t he Ir oquois Confederacy al l come t oge ther there , wearing trad­ i t ional tribal dr ess . . . . " The Tuscar ora Tribe is divided int o family clans . Being a matriarchal society , the chil d inherits the clan name of his mot her , although he d oesn"t Miss Mount P l easant be l ongs t o the Wo l f C l an , whi l e her f ather is use it . 11We don't marry anyone in our c lan because that wou l d be a Whit e Bear . marrying a r e lation , 11 she said. A council o f . 14 chiefs forms the g overnment o f the Tuscar ora R eservation where �iss Mou n t Pl easant gr ew up. Chie ftanship is gained by merit , it is no t an inherited tit l e . However , the name given t o a man when he is appointed chie f is a tradi tional one . Her f ather's Indian name is Udatnahneechre , which means a branch of a pine t r e e. Ever since the establ ishment o f the ( Continued on Page .. 1 3 ) �( 13) DAUGHTER OF CHIEF (Continued from Page 1 2 ) • • • . Iroquois Confederacy, the pine tree has symbolized peace, because to cement the truce the six warring tribes buried a hatchet, symbol of war, under a pine tree and the tree grew ov�r it . . The counci l of chiefs cooperates with local municipal of f icers and turns over any disciplinary problems to the state police. However, land problems are settled by the council because the land is owned by the Indians . Only with special permission from the chiefs can a land case be taken to an out ­ side court . . . . WHAT DO INDIANS DO ? EVERYTHING � All over America, Indians are at work in jobs of every description. · That pretty stewardess for the airlines is a Nava j o ; th e construction super­ intendent for that huge dam is a Sioux-Catawba . Forest f ires are put out Here is a Choctaw-Chickasaw by trained crews from some 30 Reservations . artist and technical illustrator . There is a waitress (Salish-Kootenai ) who works in the famous lake resort owned by her tribe . You name it - any occupat ion or calling has Indians, working right along with other Americans. In the factories and industrial plant s you ' ll see Indians galore these days . They work inside and outside, on production lines and in laboratories. . Clear headed, qu ick and clever with their hands, natural-borp craftsmen and art isans - these men and women win the enthusiastic commendation of their employers . Where precision counts, Indians excell . Watch the Pima- Papago workers cut valuable diamonds, giving them just the right facets for Winston ' s jewelry, at Winston ' s well-guarded plant south of Phoenix, Arizona . " They are as good as the Swiss, " says their enthusiastic superv isor . Many prominent manufacturers have delibera tely located new factories on or near Indian Reservations, to make the most of a timely oppor�unity. Other parts of the country may be having labor shortages while there sti l l are ample i abor pools t o draw from o n several of the Reservations . . . . (From the National Congress of American Indians, Ind ian Resources Studies) (On Page 9 of the Sep tember issue of the Newsletter there was a report on the National Congress of American Indians ' campaign to encourage buying from companies whose labor policies favor employment of Indians . Here is the f irst list of such f irms, provided by N . C . A . I . We urge all Indians, and friends of Indians, to support these f irms with your purchases . ) Wright & McGill ' s EAGLE CLAW fish hooks and tackle (Sioux, South Dakota) ' GROVES Archery Company archery se ts (Isle t a and Sandi� Pueb los, New Mexico) CHIEF CHIPPEWA fiberglass canoes (�ond du Lac Chippewa, M innesota ) , WINSTON diamonds and other f ine jewelry (Pima and Papago, Arizona) BULOVA watches (Turtle Mountai n Chippewa, North Dakota) BABYLINE playpens and baby cribs (Navajo, New Mexico ) SEQUOYAH carpe ts (Cherokee , Oklahoma) SPARTUS elec tric clocks (Choctaw, Mississipp i ) SIMPSON elec tric Qteters and parts (Lac d u Flambeau Chippewa, Wi sconsin) TIARRA or CAMEO marble top tables (Cherokee and others, Oklahoma) WHITE CROSS bedding, qui lts and bedspreads (Cherokee, North Carolina) NAMBE MILLS tableware and accessories (Pajaoque Pueblo, New Mexico) ALABAMA Charcoal Company barbecue charcoal (Cherokee and others, Oklahoma ) INDIAN HEAD and NAMEKAGON moccas ins and garments (Chippewa , Wisconsin) (Cont inued on Page 18) �-14- V IS TA - C on t ' d f r om Page 2 • M INNESOTA - i Jhi t e Ear t h ( C hippewa ) R e s e rvat i on Busine s s C omi.ii t t e e ( ';/aubun ) : Among t he pro graws in whi c h V o lun t e e r s are par t i c ipating are c onu. uni t y d e v e l opme n t and impr oveme n t , r e c r e a t ion , hmme manage .>1e nt , day car e and s e ni o r c i t i z e n s ' pr o j e c t s , ope rat ion of a s t udy c e n t e r , ar t s an d c r a f t s ins t ru c t i on , v o c a t i onal t raini ng , h e a l t h an d the d e v e l opillent o f t e a c hing of the C hippe�a language and his t o ry . NEW MEX IC O - Alamo Nava j o C ha:i:Jt e r ( ! k;;. d galena ) : As s i s tan c e in pre - s c ho o l and r e madial e du c a t i o n , r e c r e at i on and ar ts and cr a f t s ins tr uc t ion . NORTH CiiROLINA - Eas t e rn Band o f C h e r oke e Indians ( C h e r okee ) : id in t h e d e v e l opmen t o f a mul t i - s e r v i c e fami ly c e n t e r , home;;mking deillon s t ra t i ons t o indige n ous l e aders and fa�ily life e duca t i on . OREGON - Warm S prings R e s e rv a t i on : .As ..:: i s t a n c e in c ornmun i t y d e v e l op ._e n t t o i n c r e a s e employab i li t y and impr ove j ob pe r f orL1 an c e t h r o ugh b as i c e du c a t ion , a n d t h e d e v e lopme n t o f sani tat i on , s e l f - he lp hous in g , h e a l t h a n d h ome manage me n t , yout h , aging , pre - s c h o o l , r e c reat ion and a d u l t e du c a t io� p r o gr ams . SOUTH DAI OTA - Oglala S i oux Trib a l C oun c i l , Pine Ridge R e s e rv a t ion : V o lunt e e rs are w orking in prog�ams c on c e rning day c ar e f or pr e - s c h o o l c h i ldre n , r eme dial t e ac hing a n d gu idan c e a n d e mpl o yDe n t , a r e assi s t ing t h e Indian Bure au i n s up e r v i s in g Youth C orps Camp a c t i v i t i e s i n c onse rva t i on , irr i g�t i on and h e a l t h , and are par t i c ipat ing in a s e l f - h e lp h ousing p r o gr am . R o s e b u d S i oux T r ib e : · s s is t an c e in t he d e v e l opme nt o f adu l t e du ca t i on , c ommuni t y h e a l t h and r e hab i l i t a t i on c e n t e rs , s e l f - he lp h o using , gard e n pr o j e c t s , c r e d i t unions and marke t ing c o ope rativ e s . ( V ISTA , Washingt on , D . C . ) * • • • • • • * * • * HOUS ING AND C ONSTRUC T I ON OFF ICER TO hl-itill HO US E -TO -D OUS E VIS I TS An t hony ( Tony ) Kal is s , assigne d t o the rfaine D e par t 1 1e n t o f Indian Af fai rs as H o us ing and C ons t ru c t i on O f f i c e r by the Ame rican Friends S e rv i c e C ommi t t e e ( AFSC ) , has been busy since arriving in Laine las t Augus t . F i r s t o f a l l he s t ar t e d talking to F e de ra l and S t at e o f f i c ia ls t o s e e what t he r e is avai lab l e and as we l l , he has b e e n talking wi t h many Indians t o s e e what t h e y se e a s t h e ir gre at e s t ne e ds i n this ar e a . T on y is making h ous e - t o-h ous e v i s i t s on t h e P e n ob s c ot Re s erva t i on t o me e t and t alk w i t h t h e Indians f i r s t hand . A f t e r this T ony plans t o v is i t I nd ian T ownship and Pleasan t Point and oake t he same v i s i t s , h o us e ­ t o - h ous e . T ony has v i s it e d a l l thr e e Re s e rvat i ons alre ady b u t as you can s e e h e plans a v e r y t h o r o ugh f o l l ow up . A t t h e Ple asant P oint r e s e rva t i on , r e c e n t ly , T ony ob s e rv e d t he ins t al la t i on o f t h e wa t e r lines and s inks in the h ome s of s ome 18 f ami li e s , nomina t e d by t h e Gove rnor and C oun c i l a s n e e ding t o b e h o ok�d up t o t h e wa t e r su�ply . I t is t h e E di t or ' s unde r s tanding that a l t h ough T o ny had n o thing to d o with t his par t i c ular pr o j e c t b e in g b r o ugh t ab out , this is , n e v e r ­ the l e s s , t h e t yp e o f pro j e c t T ony will b e c on c e rn e d wi th in t h e futur e . ''Alt hough the work is j us t b e ginning , Re c e n t ly Mr . Kaliss s t a t e d : I mus t say that my c onve r s a t i o n s wit h S t a t e and Fe deral o f f i c ials and , most impor t an t e f all , wi t h t h e Indians c on v i n c e me that a l t h ough t h e r e are many pr ob l e ms t o b e ov e r c ome , b o th phys i c a lly and h uwun , a l l o f t h e r e s e r v a t ions c an b e c ome b e au t i fu l , h e althy a n d a t t rac t iv e � oLllilun i t i e s t o live in , w o rk i n a n d r e t ir e t o . " �- 15- ( C o n t in u e d f r om page 4 ) ( Le t t e r s t o t h e E di t or ) I am a P e n ob s c o t I n d ian f r om Old T own . I hav e b e e n liv i n g h e r e a t B ar Haro or s i n c e 1956 . I a m ac t iv e i n p o l i t i c s . I a m T r e as ur e r o f H an c o c k C o un t y D e mo c ra t i c Par t y , a n d ran f or S h e r i f f in 1 9 6 4 a n d in 1966 . I ( l os t ) b y 2 8 v o t e s t h is t ime . S in c e r e ly your s , R o ge r Ran c o * * * * * * * * D e ar E d i t o r : R e a d o f y o u in The C h e r oke e T imes , B e in g non - Ind ian , was n o t e e r t ain o f my e li gib i l i t y in r e c e iv i n g your News l e t t e r , but t h ou gh t I w ould t r y . I was giv e n m y name b e a d i r e c t d e c e ndant o f t he I n d ian P r in c e s s Po c ah o n t a s w h o a l s o b or e t h e name of t ha t gr e a t lady . F r om t h i s pe r s on I l e a r n e d e a r ly t o have an ab iding i n t e r�st 'in t h e A ae r i c an Ind ian . Jvw s t s i nc e r e ly , Poc ahon tas Hagy Ab ingd o n , V irginia * * * * * * * * D e ar E d i t o r : I was v e r y ple a s e d when I r e c e iv e d t h e Newsle t t e r s u b s c r i p t ion . It is v e r y i n t e r e s t in g t o r e a d ab o u t o t h e r I n d i an s , a s we ll as my own kind o f Indians . I wan t e d t o t e ll ab o u t my e xp e r i e n c e in t h e J ob C orps . I hav e b e e n i n t h e Job C o rps f or alm o s t s e v e n mon ths , a n d I hav e e n j oyed e ve ry s e c on d of it . Whe n I f i r s t c ame in t h e J o b C orps , I w a s a li t t le s c ar e d , I d i dn ' t kn ow what t o e xpe c t , b u t when Mr s . H inkle y d r o v e me up h e r e , I b e gan t o r e lax . i'Jhen w e c ame in , I was s e n t t o t h e Inn , and I me t ruy t w o r o ommat e s , T h e y w e r e n i c e and w e all lik e d e a c h o t he r . S o t h a t was my f i r s t e xp e r ­ ience . T h e s e c ond w a s w h e n I s t ar t e d m y t r a ining and s t ar t e d g o i n g t o I was v e ry e age r t o le arn , an d I c an say t h a t I hav e learn e d . school. a l o t o f t h ings t ha t I ne v e r kn e w b e f o r e . On D e c e mb e r 2 , I w i l l b e gradua t i n g f r om R e t a i l S al e s as a C as h i e rs C le r k b u t I hav e d e c i d e d t o s t ay on and go f u r t h e r in t o i t , and hope t o ge t t he e quivale n c e h e r e . A l s o I wan t e d t o say t hat I was e le c t e d on t h e S t ud e n t G o v e rnme n t f o r t h e c e nt e r , whi c h I was v e r y pleas e d . I shall ne v e r f o r g e t m y g o o d e xp e r i e n c e a t t h e c e n t e r . I hav� mad e many f r i e n d s h e re , when I l e a v e f or g o o d I s hall miss , t h e m , b u t a l s o , I shall be r e ady f or t he working w or l d o u t s i d e . I hav e b e e n h ome t o v i s i t my par e n t s s e v e ra l t ime s , I mis s t h e m all , b ut w h e n I ge t w h a t I c ame h e r e f o r , I ' ll b e h ome w i t h t h e m again . I l o v e my par e n t s v e ry m u c h and wan t t h e m t o b e proud o f me , and lov e t he m m o r e f o r b r inging me i n t o t h i s w o r ld . S in c e r e ly your s , V i o la Dana Job C o rps C e nt e r for , Jome n Fo land S pr in g , Main e �-16- If you DID YOU KNOW our s ub s c r ip t ion list is growing by le aps and b o unds ? are not on i t and want to b e - j us t fill out t he c oupon on t he next page and mai l i t in t o day . * • * * * • * * FLINT Al' D FELS ITE By H e le n C ushman ( La s t mon t h we prin t e d part 4 in e rr o r . T his �1onth we are prin t in g par t In t h e D e c e mb e r is sue we will have t h e f inal installme n t in this 3. s e r i e s These Ind ians We re H e r e . Ed . ) P o t ters our V a l l e y I ndi ans M e r e n o t - f e w Algonquins W d re . B u t t h e ir s t one ins t rume n t s show t h e m to hav e been kee nly obse rvan t r o c k c o ll e c t oE s . ' Wha t e v e r t h e y ne e de d t o make , t he y picke d t h e b e st rock f or the ir purpos e . T h e i r most impo r t an t hous e h old implefilent was the mor t ar and pe s t l e f o r grinding c o rn . Usually t h e mor t ar was ma de of a hard s t one i n wh i c h a c a v i t y c o uld b e mad e . The pe s t le o f the Anasagun t i c o oks w a s lon g , usually fashi one d of c ourse s lat e , and was r o und e d at one e nd . A sma ll h o le �as b o r e d t hro ugh the handle . Then t h e � e � t l e would be s uspe n d e d f r om t h e b r an c h o f a . tr e e b y a t hong whi ch made grindin g e - s ie r . Other kinds of pe s t le s a.p d mat c hing mortars have b e e n f ound in v ari ous s i z e s su gge s t ing the ir use for h e r b s or me d i c ine s . Few of t h e m hav e b e en as e la b o r a t e as the e xq u i s i t e wh i t e f l int one ploughed u p in a fie ld alon g 30 M i l e Riv e r . This pri c e le s s a r t i f ac t w a s a de e p ye l l ow wh e n dis c ov e r e d ­ s t ain e d b y ye l l ow ochre . T h e f i e ld i t s e l f b y a we l l-known Ind ian spring had b e e n t h e c amping ground o f t h e C a ghnaugas , a o r an c h o f t h e gr e at - - ­ t h e ir spe c ia l pr e s e rv e re nouned e v e n then f o r i t s superb f ishin g . H ow ­ e v e r the f lint mor tar and pe s t le and s e v e ra l o t he r art i f a c ts unear t h e d in the r e gion n e ar ly 70 ye ars ago were all de e p ly staine d with o c hre and undoub t e d ly pre -da t e d o ur V a l l e y Indians . More ab out t h e s e mys t e r i ous pre -D awn Pe ople la t e r . I t is o f int e r e u t t o r o ck h o unds t o n o t e that t h e s our c e o f a l l t h e se ar t i fac t s w a s f li n t whi c h prob ably c ame f r om � t . Kine o . N o t unt il t h e y b e gan t o t rade w i t h e ar ly e xplorers did our own Ind ians u s e me t al . The y fas h i one d r o c ks or she lls int o h o e s f o r the plan t ing o f c o rn a n d o t h e r c r ops . The grin�ing w a a d o n e exc lus iv e ly b y t he women o f t h e t r ib e a s w e r e a l l t he agr i c u l t ural c h or e s . The y u s e d a s c ont aine rs f o r t rans por t in g c orn b as ke t s ma de of w ov e n re e ds of e v e n hid e s . I f you ' v e e v e r t r i e d t o skin a squirr e l with a sharp kn i f e , you wus t appr e c ia t e t h e ski ll of t h e s e I ndians . T h e y u s e d a s t one impl e me n t shape d like a chis e l as w e l l as sharp s e a she lls . T h e i r b ows and arrows w e r e v i t a l t o our Valley Indians . Fish and game supp l i e d most of t he ir good and c l o t hing . Only a few memb e r s o f t h e t rib e w e r e ski l l e d e n ough t o make arr ow h e a ds . "The r e t h e an c i e n t Arrow-make r Mad e h i s arr ow h e ads o f sands t one , Arrow heads o f c halc e d ony , Arrow heads o f f lint and j aspe r , S mo o t h e d and s harpe �e d at t h e e d g e s , Hard and polishe d , ke en and c o s t ly . " T h e s e poin t s had t o b e exac t ly c ar v e d and pe r f e c t ly balan c e d . The s t ones b e s t suit e d to arr ow he ads c ame f r om o u t s ide the Andr o s c oggin Vall e y . F e l si t e ; a l s o r e f e rr e d t o as h orn s t one , c ame mo s t ly f r ora Ut . Kine o . S t ripe d j aspe r f r om B e r lin Falls was h i ghly pri z e d as we ll . Ro ugh quar t z was The w o o d of t h e f r e q u e n t ly us e d b u t s u c h arrow h e ads w e r e o f t e n un t r ue . h ornb e am a n d b e e c h w e r e s a i d t o have b e e n pr e f e rr e d t or t he arr ows t he m­ s e lv e s . T homgs o f m o o s e ( hide . fa s t e n e d t h e a�� ow h e ads t o t h e s t o c ks . C on � inue d on page � l ) �- 1 7( C on t inue d f r om page 16 ) F lin t and F e ls i t e By H e l e n C u s hman . T h e b ows o f t h e Anasagun t i c o oks w e r e v e ry h e a v y w i t h a rull e x c e e d ­ ing t he ab i l i t y of most wh i t e me n . T h e w o o d u s e d migh t vary b u t i t had to be t ough and e la s t i c . The b ow s t r in gs w e r e l e a t h e r . T h e s e Ind ians were v e ry ac c ur a t e marksm e n and c o uld hit a moving t arge t a t more t han f or t y yards . G r e a t c r a f t smanship was r e quire d t o make spe ar h e ad s , t o o . I n f in i t e c ar e and pre c is i o n w e r e ne c e s s ary t o fashion t h e l o n g s le nd e r h e ads . F li n t a n d j aspe r w e r e appar e n t ly pre f e r r e d . S ome s p e ar h e ad s hav e b e e n f o und e igh t o r mor e in c h e s long and s harp as a r a z or a f t e r two c e n t u r i e s unde r ·,t h e gr ound . Among o t h e r w e apons w e r e was c lub s . One was mad e f r om t h e r o o t o f a t r e e , hard e n e d b y f i r e , h igh ly polishe d w i t h t he r o o t pr ongs l e f t at t h e end. T h e r e w a s a l s o a pole , 8 t o 1 0 f e e t long , w i t h a s t on e s harpe n e d a t b o th e n ds o r a de e r horn fas t e n e d t o t h e p o i n t . I t is c e r t a i n t hat t h e V a l l e y I nd ians us e d t r aps and sna r e s . Few d e s c r i p t i on s o f t h e s e hav e e v e r b e e n f o un d . T h e r e s u l t s o f wh at e v e r k i n d the y d i d u s e w a s ama z in g � C apt ain J o hn s ·. d t h s ai d t h a t h e g o t l� , 000 b e av e r skins as w e li as illa ny o t t e r and mar t i n in 1614 . T o h o l l ow out t h e ir large b oa t s , t he I n d ians us e d a goug e , The y w ou l d b urn t h e s ur f a c e of a l o g on one s i d e un t i l i t was c har r e d e n o u gh t o d i g out . The s e b ou t s , unw i e l d y T h e pro c e s s was r e p e at e d man y t ime s . a n d c lums y w e r e t o o h e av y t o p o r t a ge b ut w o u ld c ar r y as many as f o r t y Ligh t , t h e y pe ople . H e n c e f or mo s t purpo s e s t he s e I n d i ans us e d can o e s . w e r e mad e o f b ir c h b ark w h i c h was sewn t o a frame b y r o o t s or f ib e r s o f t r ee s , ( a s t h e lar c h o r t amarack ) , o r w i t h t h in t h r e ad like t h ongs o f h i d e . Fragi le as t h i s c r a f t was , t h e An asagun t i c o oks c ould gu i d e it t hr o ugh t h e Whe r e t h e wa t e r was t o o l ow , 1 r apids o f t h e An d r o s c o ggin w i t h gr e a t ski ll . or t h e falls t o o s t e e p , t h e Indians had a w e ll d e f in e d s y s t e m o f carryi n g pla c e s . S ome o f t h e s e p o r t age s and t h e wat e rways b y whi c h they t r av e le d are w e ll d e f i n e d e v e n t o d a y . T o v i s i t t h e ir c ousins , t h e Ama s c on t e e s , o n t he S an d y Riv e r , the y w e n t f r om C an t on P o i n t t o t h e D e a d R iv e r , t h r o u gh N a yn e P ond and up 30 Mi le Riv e r t o t he nor thwe s t b ranc h . F r om a p o r t age at David Pond t h e y w e n t to t he p onds e n t e r i n g Li t t le N or r i d g e w o c k S t r e am or b y Mos h e r Pond i n t o McGurdy S t r e am and t h e r e t o t he S an d y Riv e r i t s e l f ( Ne x t mon t h ) we w i l l c on c lude wi t h t h e e f f e c t o f t he whi t e s e t t l e r s o n t h e Anasagun t i c o oks , and t h e i r f li gh t t o C anada t o j o in t h e i r c ousins , The S t . Fran c i s Indians , a n d t h e ir yearly v i s i t s t o t h e grav e s o f the ir an c e s t or s . T h e i r las t fare we l l , on..e o f t h e m o s t p o i gnan t b i t s o f Maine his t o r y , has b e e n supe rb ly wri t t e n b y Re ginald S t u r t e vant t o whom w e JJ.r e inde b t e d f o r much o f t h e inf orma t i on i n t h is b r i e f a c c ount o f t h e Jndi.ans o f o u r Andr os c o ggin Valle y . (From t he Liv e rmo�e Falls Adv e r t i s er , Liv e rmor e Falls , Naine 8/18/6 6 . o b e c on t in u e d n e x t mon t h . ) o • • • • • • • • • A Lo ok At Vhat ' s C oming In f uture i s s u e s o f the News l e t t e r we will be hav i n g ar t i c l e s b as e d on in t e rvi e ws wi t h vari ous pe ople of int e r e s t t o the Pe nob s c o t s and Pas sama­ quoddi e s . � e h ope to h av e i t e ms o n s uch pe ople as the T r ibal G o v e r n o r s , the lndian R e pr e s e n t a t iv e s t o t he S t a t e Le gi s la t ur e , and o t he r in t e r e s t in 0 Indians . Als o , w e will plan an ar t i c le on t he S t a t e D e partme n t o f Indian A f fairs , which will .b e a ye ar old on January 3 , 196 6 . S e nd in your s ug­ ge s t i on s an d as t ime pe rmi t s w e ' ll l o pk i n t o them . �( 18 ) BUYERS I GUIDE ( Cont inued f r om Page 1 3 ) VAS SAR hair s ty l ing a c ce s s or i e s ( Cheroke e , Nor th Car o l ina) LUMM! HEAVERS garment s , p l a c e ma t s , ve s tmen t s (Lummi , Washington ) SAFFORD Manu fac turing Company women ' s appar e l ( S an Car l o s Ap�che , Ar i zona) GOLDEN EAGLE spor t swear {Omaha , Nebr a ska) BVD und er shir t s and shor t s (Nava j o , Ar i z ona) BAYLY Manu fac tur ing Company br and s (Yakima , Wa shing t on ) ROTMANS s e afood s (var ious trib e s , A l a ska) BAKE. WELL p o t a t o e s ( Sho shone and Bannock , Idaho) " S IOUX au t o muf f l e r s (Crow Cr eek S i oux , South Dako ta) NAVAJO PINE and SOUTHWEST prefabr i c a ted hou s e s (Nava j o , New Mex i c o ) KAI SER Aluminum cu lver t s and build ing produc t s (Coch i t i and San t o Doming o Pueb l o ) CARLON p l a s t ic p i p e (Navaj o , New Mex i c o ) S T . MARIE'S p lywood { Coeur d ' A lene , Idaho) MONTEZUMA p lywood (U t e Moun tain U t e and Navaj o , Co l orado) C HI PPEWEYAN AUTHENTI CS t oy s and nove l ty i t ems ( Chippewa , Nor th Dako ta) GUILD ARTS & CRAFTS Company p,l a s t i c produc t s ( Nor thern Cheyenne , Mon tana) BUY Amer i c an INDIAN MADE Pr oduc t s U S E Ame r i c an INDIAN MADE Pr odu c t s AN INDIAN S PEAKS Mary Wanatee ( S ac -Fox) "F i r s t , I t r ied to make more c l ear in my own mind exac t ly wha t tho se v a l u e s are that Ind ians have tha t are d i ffe ren t fr om tho se of the l hi te s . I can ' t he lp b u t th ink tha t the who l e conf l i c t s imp ly l i e s in the b a s ic d i f fe r ­ enc e s in ph i l osophy . The Ind i an s t r ive s t o harmon i z e w i th wha t ex i s t s around him , wher e a s t he whi t e man s t r ive s t o make exi s t ing t h i n g s harmon i ze wi th him . I t seems to me that the wh i t e man d oe s not g ive enough recogn i t ion to t he r e s t of Cr e a t ion - he p l aces mankind at the cen ter of a l l thing s her e on ear th , as though he were the who l e goal . The Ind ian c on c e iv e s of mankind as only a par t of a who l e . He ha s deep r e spec t and r everence f or n a ture and the things ther e of , and he i s very 'awar e ' of a l l that i s , ou t s ide of h ims e l f . He u s e s only what i s needed , b e c au s e of t h i s awarene s s . Hi s re l ig i on i s thi s way of l i f e , c on t inua l ly expre s s ing acknow l edgemen t of h i s purpo se and po s i t i on . " ( Submi t t ed by a r e ader) MI SCELLANEOUS NEWS The E a s tpor t Counci 1 , Kn igh t s of Columbu s , ·wer e recen t ly en ter t ained by memb e r s o f the Plea san t Point Ind i an Dance Team , l ed by Mr . Joseph Ni cho l a s . Mr . Nicholas i s D epu ty Gr and Kni gh t of the E a s tp or t Counc i l . Dur ing the summer , an Iroqu o i s Ind ian from Bran t ford , Ont ar io , nP.med Ro -wa-dna , or " Spr ing Wate r 11 vi s i t ed Hou l ton , Pr e s que I s l e snd Indi.an I s l and in the c our s e of a 2 , 000 mi l e tr ip t hrough the pr ovinces and t he Uni t ed S t a t e s . , The Mid- South F ai r in Memph i s , Tenn . , r e c en t ly f eatured an One ida Ind ian from l'Ji s c on s i n , who l earned t o wr e s t l e a l l ig a t or s from a Semino l e c ou s in . G e orge Gr e enwood took on ly 10 minu te s t o ge t a 6 - f oo t , 165 -pound ' ga t or out o f t�e wat er . �IF YOU WANT )l 2! u 2_) - - a free "starter" s�bscription to the MAINE INDIAN NEWSLETTER ; news of Indian affairs in Maine and around the country ; \.J (() �' - to know what other Tribes are doing, thinking and p l anning ; I • Maine ' s only st ate-wide . Indian \j C newsletter mailed directly to your home or Post Office box each month ; . T H E N NO � TO : FILL OUT THE SUBSCRI PTION SLIP BELOW AND MAIL IT WI TH MA INE INDIAN NEWSLETTER Pine Street Freeport, Maine 0403 2 HD (Al so send in your suggestions , comments, letters , stories, articles, complaints, jokes, pictures and news items ! ! ! ) o � c . ---------- -:1 Al -- --- '-....__ - C \ A N NE_ W5t.5_m_ RJ _ . rl O L_'J (_ � - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - I would like a copy of the Maine Indian Newsletter mailed to me each month : MAILING ADDRESS _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (ZIP Code, please) {Send thi s s l ip to : Maine I ndian Newsletter Pine Street Freeport, Maine 04032 ) - - � - - - - - - - - - - - - - - �MAINE INDIAN NEWSLETTER Pine S t r e e t Freepor t , Maine 040 3 2 Li br ary Co lby Co l l e g e 0490 l i l l e , Me . W a t e rv � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Penobscot Description An account of the resource The Penobscot people, who identify closely with the Penobscot River that is their home, have a reservation on Indian Island, near Old Town, Maine. Part of the Wabanaki Confederacy, they were among the tribes that won federal recognition in the 1980 Maine Indian Land Claims Settlement Act. <br /><br />A Penobscot scholar, Joseph Nicolar, was one of the first regional Native people to publish a book: <em>Life and Traditions of the Red Man</em> (1890). Since then, many others have written about their language and culture, including the performing artist Molly Spotted Elk and poet Carol Dana.<br /><br />The Penobscots have a rigorous process for protecting their intellectual property, asking any scholars who are studying or writing about them to communicate with their Cultural Heritage and Preservation Office.<br /><br /><strong>Resources</strong><br /><br />Penobscot Nation <a href="https://www.penobscotnation.org/" target="_blank">website</a><br /><a href="http://www.penobscotculture.com/" target="_blank">Penobscot National Cultural &amp; Historic Preservation Department</a><br /><br /> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <em>Maine Indian Newsletter</em> (Nov. 1966) Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource ssipsis (Thompson, Eugenia) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Colby College Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1966-11 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Julia Brush Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Digital images courtesy of Colby College Library. In making these images available, we also consulted with ssipsis’ daughter, Pam Outdusis Cunningham. Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Document Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource pdf Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DV-474 https://www.dawnlandvoices.org/collections/files/original/893426d35559301e0db2932206905044.pdf 078e043c86b2012c535c8df7e8459ce5 PDF Text Text A A ET NEWS VOLUME 2, NUMBER 4 ER NOVEVJ.i3ER 1967 INDIANS TO BE ADDED ·ro JURY LIS'r ATLAST Following the October term in Nashington County, the ,Jashington County grand jury was discharged by Superior Court Justice James P .Archibald due to the fact that no Fassamaquoduy Indians were liGted on A nea jury the master list from which the grand jury names were drawn. is to be chosen for the February and June, 1968 terms but the nclmes of qualified votors from each of the two Passamaquoddy reservations were to be included on·� e list from &hich grand jurors are to be chosen. Maine statutes (M�R.S.A. T.14, sec.1254 and sec. 1255) were re�ent.l;y · change do �·e-garding jury lists and procedures for drawing jury names. Th�se new laws became effective October 7th1 1967 and state in part that ''The municipal officers of the several �unicipalities shall prepare annually, from the original registration files of voters of such munici­ palities, a complete list, and shall certify and file such list with Ulae jury commissioners of their respective county on or before the first day of June of each ye&r. "The jury commissioners shall, in July of each year, f rou1 the list , received, publicly select at random, using any given, multiple that will give a fair and just distribution according to population, the ·names of a sufficient number of persons to be kept on a list �hich sh�ll be considered a jury pool " This list is to be used from July 1st through June 30th. Regarding the selection of the jury, the new lav states that jury commissioners of the several counties "shall p L ce in a LIC!Gter jury wheel • • • " nahles selected under sec. 1254 and on receipt of written or verbal notice of clerk or deputy clerJ of respective counties, designating the numb..:r of jurors needed. " • • • said com1uissioners s!mll publicly . draw from the rJa .t2r jury wheel tl:e na.1es o as ·1.iny �Jer�ons s .�ay be required for jury service at the prospective term, �re1are an alphabetical list of the nawes dra�n, and submit the sdme to the clerk or deputy clerk of ourts of their res1Jective counties." Grand jurors are selected in the s�rue �anner and provisions for ad<litional jurors and irand jurors at a later date have been made by the statute. The prior law provided awong other t11inb · that juror lists be r wn from those eligable to vote for Representatives in ·their respective towns. The problem here '.7as that although a Constitutional amendment in 1953 gave the Indians in Maine the right to vote in all state amd national electious, the state Representc..tive has al·vays been left off ballots (Continued on �age 2 ) • • • • • .... � �- 2 - i��LAST, continued from page 1) to the three Maine Indian reservations. {Then last 'prin�, Rep. Harrison L. Riche,rdson, R-Cumberland, brought t his 1a � t-'"to th : e.ttention of the legislature and saw that ste�s were taken to cor�ect tbe situation. (Newsletter, April 1967) I.t ·�tis �dif"t i cult tc> discern! ghether this ':-:fi'[;lct: . c�used the absenc� of ,Indian names from Jury· lists or some other reason . was at hand, but at any rate Justice Archibald has seen fit to take appropriate steps to correct the situation• � -�t x x x INDIAN COMMISSIONER CHARGED WITH OBSTRUCTING SUIT (By WILLI .L\Jti H. v ILL IA.MSON) PRillNCETON - John Stevens, chief of the Fassamdquoddy Indian Reservation· here, has charp:ed Maine's Commissioner of Indian Afr�airs with n attemp:, to "foul up" an upcoming suit against the state by the tribe. Stevens said Commissioner P.dward C. Hinckley has tried to discredit Passamaquoddy tribal counsel Don. C. Gellers of Eastport with both the Tribe and the /JUerican Indian Rights Association, the or;anization which has provided money to cover Geller's expenses in preparing the land case. Stenens added that Hinckley has also tried to �ersuade both the Indians and the IRA to drop Gellers in favor of some other laiyer, a move that both the tribe and IRA feel would be fatal to the case at this poin•. The Indian land case will be an attempt to recover dumag0s from Maine for lands and income they wer·e guaranteed in a 1794 treaty with Massachusetts, before Maine became a state. Although the exact figure they'll seek isn't known, it will be in the millions of dollars. Stevens said last week that he believes Hinckley attempted to dawage the case under pressure from state offici-als, who don't w ,nt to take any chances on losing that much money. Gellers has worked about five years in preparing the case. H�s research has included extensive delving into the nation�l archives in the nation's capital. The case w�s coupleted last �eek and will be launched as soon as legal preliminaries are finished. Hinckley said last week that Ste�ens ms mistaken, and that he (Hinckle hopes the' case will be successful. But he conceded that he'd sugDested to the IRA and to Indians that they d�o.r: Gellers in favor of 11.Some . other lawyer." The current dispute began two 'leeks ago, when Hinckley wrote to Leo T. Conner, president of the IRA, asking a meeting betvveen the IRA and the tribe to answer "the tribe's growing number of questions relating to the proposed litigation being prepared by Don c. Gellers.11 .. Hinckley told Conner Ipdians are concerned over the following questions: When will the land case get into court? 1. 2. �hat is Geller's official responsibility to the tribe and to. the IRA, and where does he obtain authority to become involved with tribal affairs outside the case? 3. Since the case is behind schedule, how can Gellers justify time spent on extra - case activities? 4. Isn't Gellers supposed to be working full time on the case? Hinckley's letter said he w�s seeking the meeting at the requeBt ot Mrs. Robert Rosenthal, of Lexington, Hass., a mernber of the IRA's board of directors, and Miss Ruth Thompson, of Greenwich, Conn., a major contributor to the IRA. But Miss Thompson and Mrs. Rosenthal, who both knew Hinckley when {Continued on pAgo 2A) �- 2A (Indian Commissioner , Continued from page 2) he was working �ith Indians in the west, said last week they hadn't asked Hinckley to seek such a meeting. They said he'd brought up the subject of the case in recent conversations. Miss Thompson said Hinckley suggested to her that a "state lawyer" shou ·_d handle :lihe case, and that she disagreed. Mrs. Rosenthal said she told hinckley she felt he should contact the IRA office in Philadelphia if he had only complaints, e_nd should make them formally rather than talk to her on a �ersonal be.sis. Hinckley had visited her lrst month in Lexington. In his letter to Conner, Hinckley said-he was seeking the meeting with the oral approval of dtev�ns and Chief Joseph Mitchell, of the Pleasant Point Reservation at Perry. But Stevens said l�st week Hinckley didn't as]- him for approval. He said Hinckley werely calle� him and told hiw there ��s goin,_ to be a meeting and asked hin not to tell Gellers about it at that tiiJe. Stevens said Hinckley also told hi� there wus a �ossibility of legal action against Gellers in reg��d to the IRA's contributions to the case. He did't elaborate, however and ldst week the IR1� said it had no idea hat Hinckley might have meant. ''I think the state is pressuring Hinckley beccuse it doesn't want our case to get into court, " Stevens said. "I think this i7hole business is just to foul it up.11 Stevens s�id Hinckley has no authority in the land case, and shouldn't have become involved in any way. In a return letter to hinckley, IRA president Conner told him he should ask Gellers, not hhe IRA, when the land case will appear in court, since Gellers is doing the work. Conner told Hinckley that Gellers has no o:l'_,_ici&l responsibility to the IRA and that his responsibility to the tribe vas a watter betueen them alone. Conner also said the IRA felt the case was somewhat behind schedule but that this �&s no reason for Gellers to have to justify any work he's doing. Conner said Gellers was in no sense a fulltime employe of the IRA. In his letter, ttinckley had said Gellers has been paid directly by the IRA, to tLa tune of more than $10,000 a year for the �ast three years. But hiss Thompson said Hj.nckley was mistaken, and that the IRA has provided less than $7,000 a year. And Conner informed Hinckley that all checks were oade out to the tribe. He said the checks were sent to Gellers directly because the tribe had no organization with a treasurer, to whom the check could be sent. when Hinckley wrote to Conner, raising the questions about Gellers, he sent out 20 carbon copies of the letter, including one to Gov. Kenneth H. Curtis. Conner expressed sur·prise that Gellers nai;ie \'lasn 't in the list receiving copies. He told Hinckley that Gellerst presence at a meeting such as the one Hinckley requested would have been essential. But Conner said the IRA was declining the invitation to a meeting, since it didn't feel it could be of any help in the questions Hinckley raised. Lawrence E. Lindley, general secretary of the IRA, said last week that Hinckley has attempted in the past to qu0stion Gellers' right to handle the Indinn land case. He said Hinckley visited him almost a year ago, in Philadelphia, with a letter signed by sofile members of the Passama1uodly tribal council, (Continued on page 2B) • • • · �- 2B - (Indian Com@issioner , Continued from p�ge 2A) stating that they no longer Hished Gellers to °.Je the tribe's counsel. But Lindley s�id Hinckley's visit ca�e only several days before the tribal election, at which a new council was elected. The ne.1 council quickley re-established the �revious agreement between Gellers �nd the tribe, and work on the case proceeded. Gellers firGt became involved in the case about five years ago, not very long after he cai:.1e t.o Eastport. At the tiu1e, he su.id, the whole 1i1c:1.tter seemed ninsane" to him. "I was sitting in L1y office one day when a ;:;,roup of men walked in, and asked iue if I could help them with a treaty they' had with the state," Gellers recallec. "Frankly, I thought they must be crazy, c..nd I ask....:d them if tLey were sure their treaty wasn't "'vi th Virgini� or socle-pll..ce. 11 Gell1.::rs said. But . as tiL1c pas.sea, Gellers said he bec2.i"·1e wore: and .1ore fascinated I with the idea, and began devoting spare tiue to investigdtion of the matter. He soon becawe convinced that the Indians really did h ve a case, and he and the tribe worked out an agreement for hi·. to pur::;ue it. But since the tribe had no'-1 oney it cou.l.d lay its hands on, Gellers worked on the case for two years without any coL�Jcniation for expenses, whenever he could set time, he said. It became more and more ebvious, however, tll .... t a va·:;t ti.nount of research 1ould be necesscry if the case was ever to be pro�erly pre�· red. The Indians tried to take some �oney fro their tribal trust fund to pay Gellers' expenses, but the state refused to release an initial $3,000 request from the fund. The state finally agreed to release .61,000, another '.;.l,000 11hen the case w.:.ts hdlf over, and a final $1,000 when it -.r:.s cor.r.leted, but Gellers and the tribe declined chut of fer. r;,1e couldn 1 t do any real work on that a cunt, e.nd be .... i1..'es, the "How do you know when a c.:i.se is who.Le idea was silly," Gellers said. half over, anyway. 11 The tribe then turned to the I £ for help in its c&se, �nd for the p�st three years that organization has provi�e<l assistance. • • • 1 � � 9 • � � ' � � � ' (From Portland Sunday Telegram, Portland� laine, 10/29/67,) x x x x x x x x x x x x x MAINE INDIAN LlhlMEN END TRAINII'lG COURJE Augusta (AP) - Three iaine Indian reoervation constables a n d an Indian deputy sheriff have com�let�d the second in a series of trainin� sessions at the �tate Felice Academy. The deputy, George JI. Mitchell of Calais, is on�the staff 0£ Sheriff Raymond J. Tracy but is paid under contract with the I�ine Department of Indian Affairs. The'constables, appointed by their tribal leaders, are Frank v Loring of Indian Island, Old Town; Robert L. Newell of Pleasant Point, Perry; and Eugene L, Stevens of Indian Township, Princeton. The purpose of the course is io improve tlie positions and effectiveState police �rnre instructr ness of the Indian law enforceraent officers. in ma�y subjects including tribal ordinahces, the constitution �nd bill of rights, laws of arre ...;t, use of firea�ms, rnotor vet icl� laws, s�arch and seizure, rules of evidence, collection and preservation of evidence and Maine court rules of criminal procedure. (Press Herald, Portland, Maine, November 13, 1967.) · •. �- 3 - ,. E D EDITOR I • • rt O T • • I h EUGB L·� L S ('11HOi·L...S) T.ROhfoON (Penobscot) The Maine Indian Newslett�r is Maine's only state-�ide I ndian newslett..,r, v.nd until January 1968 , is free of ch ar g; e .• 1 News and stories may be submittad to t.·e Newslettar for publication at the following address: Pine Street Freeport, haine, 04032 (Telephone: 865-4253) Lett�rs to the Editor &re velco�e but mu�t conform to the rules required by ev_ry ne�s a�er. They must be�r tDe writ-r's correct name and address although pen names cl.Te ermitted &t the discretion of the Editor. All lett�rs must b signed though names will be vith­ held from publication on request. Fref�r&nce will be given to letters not ov r 350 r1ords in length. Letters ar.� subject to condensation or editing nhcn space limitations require and to corr�ction of gr��Jer or obvious errors. .... x x x x x x x BD ITOR' S NOTES It is laudable that Sup rior Court Justice James P. Archibald dis­ w.issed the �vashington County grand jury due to its racial imbalance. Here is &nether' stand for gaining equality for our I ndi�n people. Don't forget to let us know where your �eiatives are living, because through the Newsletter they can hear about what is going on at home. YOU are our correspondents! The Women's Club of invited me to speak with They would like to get a send in your suggestions the group. The Brunswick-Bath. the Oak Street Friends Church in Portland, Maine them recent1y, about the Indians in Maine. project started to benefit the Indians. lease to the Nev1Sletter, and we will forward them to rimes-Record, published in Brunswick, Maine, bad a very nice story in their November 14th issue about the Newsletter and the £ditor and her family. The lengthy article, accom·Janied with a picture, was written by Millie Stewart. My brother Gus ( 1/illiam Thomas, Junior) and his friend Alan Leflfond, from Cavalier Magazine took advantage of iaine's bo-, and arrm1 season on deer this year But the deer took advantage of the three second interval between the twang of the bow string and the arrow reaching its destination Better luck next year, boys! . • • • Happy Thanksgiving. �- 4 - LETTERS Dear Editor: Nau that the busy summer is ov�r I �.r'ou..Ld like to to.ke this op·LJOrtunity to th... nk you for sending u1e the l'i&ine Indian N�wsletter. We have been aaay from Indian Island for twenty fiv years opt our hearts are still there. Every �onth when we receive the Newslettvr its like hearing from home. �e enjoy it very much. Kee� u� the good work. Sincerely, Val and Les Ranco (Indian Moccasin Shop, �ells, Maine) x x x Dear Mrs ..- Thompson: I sent a lett0r once to you about my husbunu Leo Neptune, I would like to see it in the Newsletter. I have read a lot of things that people put in and I aill sure that Leo has a lot of friends &nd his life to i:te is surely a story. 1-1.nd I u.ru proud to b..: ruan�ied to a Penobscot Indian. Thank you, hrs. Rbraham Leo �eptune Gardiner, Maine . . • • • (The letter referred to by Mrs. Neptune is �rinted below. It refers to an article already printed in the N wEletter uhen her lett�r was ' received. The letter below was answered personnaly �nd then filed. Leo 's suit is very colorful and he has used it on several occasions to entertain people. One such accasion was the o1ening of Cattle's Red & 1hite Store in the Shopping Center in G&rctiner, -2ine. - �ditor) Dear Mrs. Thoru�son: Leo Neptune and I have t...lked •:rith �Jr. liinckly .nd he told rne to write to you about this. A lady called the other night now it mig11t he ve been you I don't know but she called about �utting the write up about wy husband that was in the Kennebec Journal Nov. 17, 1966 •i1l1ere he went to the i'eighbor­ hood Center to see the children and had a Thanksgiving dinner. · Now we would love to have it put in the Maine Indi�n �ewslett�r paper but I would like to· have it written ri0ht. In the other paper they had said Leo's father i:tc. de the suit •ifhich Leo maJe that suit for his father when Leo was 16 yrs old and then when his father passed away Leo took the suit and has had it and taken care of· it since. I do hope you can understand il'Y writing alri[?.bt, it is very hard I know. I look at the picture of my husband in the reper and it seem wonderful. Five years ago he was a very sick �11an and four big doctors on' Cape Cod, Mass. told me they didn't see how Leo would ever live. So when he got better I said to our doctor one day how do you explain it for five weeks Leo layed dieing and now he is .:;etting better. I said I guess ray prayer were answered once. Ny doc. said you have he·:,_rd of miracles now you have seen one so you have to believe in them. Then he said Leo is a good old Indian and I guess he was_right. Leo is a wonderful person and to every one, and to everyone he is wonderful. Thank you for taking up your tii,.e to read this �errible letter but I did want it written up right. I just love reading the little paper it is very interested. Thank you ag:ain, Mrs. Leo Neptune Gardiner\ Maine (Letters eont'd o.n page 10) · �- 5 P oi nt Local News Pl asc:tnt Rep orte r : 1'·.!AR Y Y i-\H.hAL WELC010!; to Father BERrli.HD.NICK�·AIR repl::lcement to i<""'e.tli.er Pc..ul ��ure. Father Nicknair from Eagle Lake, I :ain e, his futher still resides there. He w�s or dai ne d June 12, 1954 at the Cathedral in .i:;ort L : n d , i ...c_ine. Then he uas ap ·ointed to St. 1·1atthews, Limmerick, ua.ine for t .h reemont hs, fro� there he w e n t to st. Jose�h's �a rin it e C hur ch, for one ye ar . On S ; temb er 7, 1955 he wus at St. Louis Forish, Fort Kent, i�ine for f ive years. From there he was Interim Ad�inistr&ter (four months) Holy Fm11il.y G hurch , Daigle, t1aine. He then r1ent to holy Family Church, - Sanford, i·iaine and on to St n dre 's Parrish for six years. Transferred to .t=·leasant .F o int, St. Anne's Indian NissLn us Ad:.�inistr.:,tor and Chaplin with full powers as F:lstor. 1-lgain J el c ow.e Fathe r iHcknc:..ir ! • . ThF. �CHOOL YZAR finds D ebra , Linda and Ca rroll Francis, Dennis Lewey Linda Cheryl Yarmal st a rt i n g graLlliter school in E ast p ort , Haine. Francis &nd Cheryl Yarllial ar� in the le s so ns. SIGN at * * school • and band :Joth taking clarinet * Indian Prayer: Nicholas' barber s�op: Great Spirit - Grunt that I may not criticise my neighbor until I have w a lked a mile in his moccasins. Joe * MR. DANIEL Ftti!..NCI recen t ly Barbar, A.F.B., CAP Program. now ern1��loyed is * • * L::.id off as d c.;.S Civil �.ngineer at Bu cks OJ?�.�ortunity J1 i de to the ;:;conouic ON F R ID, Y 13th, (October ?) 1967 Mr. of CAP due to il ln ess and re co ! 11; e ds n Director. R aski n resigned as Director rchie Lacoote from P.D.P. as Mike J CONGRJ:.TS to S h i rle y & Jiggs J'.1itchell on the birth of Ann M&rgaret born Sept. 16, 1967 1 t he ir d,:_u I .hter SCHOCL LUNCH PTIOGRr:..H begqn Oc to b e r 2, 1967 w i th he�d cook Serephine (Sally) Stevens and two � i de s Annie laul and Rebecca Fr�ncis. i1·:R. P.P. JOH11I FR.liJ:CIS from S omme r v il l e, .Mass., �·1as a r ·cent vis i t or to he s ent a few d�ys with his illother Mrs. Ruth Francis. x x x x x x x x x x x GRADE OLE L:J:�.!. ·!·,s 1-IOHA .K;iiON'l'�EJ L (CP) - l'turiel Dailleboust, a C nu gh ­ nawaGa t � a c h e r on the Indian reaerve n e a r iontreal, ha� i ntroduce d ·15-minute lessons in the Moh� k language to her Gr&de One c lu s s . ,.._fraid that the Loha.wk tongue may die, she exi ..Lained th_.t re l igious -. cusic is rich in sonBG tr�nslwted by the Jesuit f&thers centuries a �o. ( b'rom 11.ANY S ·lOKi':B, Reno Nevada, Fall, 1967.) x x x ° 0 ften help each other most by le avi ng (Ray Fadden, Six Nations I ndian Museum.) "'Ne cal".1 each other on e. ;i al �- 6 YOU i�ro·,J DID Tl:L-i.T �dchael Rance, UniverGity of imine? son of the lcte }�s Beatrice Gr�nt is �ttending George Tomer, son of Mr. University of �bine? �riss Blanche Nicola, and ·i.cs ./ilfred Tomer is :...tt-::ndin . daut.;htur of i'�r. �nd hrs. attending Beal Business College? Lc::.rry Banks, son of t1r. :R2lph Nicola is ) above "four students are from the Penobacot tribe. x x CURSE x OF 300 years drown • .. pre ,ent • As v1_ith raany • • age Lmke things, the story in essence than formerly� • .3 in th.J a rriti1J uut about the curse t ien for an un.iortun<.-:te drowning, found retold with a different fl·:vor B.nd is then re­ up, The Saco River starts with • • • Lt the Saco-Jiddelord cataract dc:.mraed up for hydro electric �ith your trickle thct you c-n s�an a above Crciw 'ord I otch in New H2.r.i1Jshire, just- of his­ forgotten until so� is It is al�ost as if the curs� ,,;a bit 111ore Meil-low, Less is said now interred until another drowning occurs • a bang do.m the legend remains the sbrae. reason cannot be the curse is dug two hands, and his' sei,ua'.f I)ronounced st&ting that each ye ·r t11ree white 1Jen This curse has been passed toriv.ns to the "scientific" rrom a pa er by Charles Cr .igen ago an Indic:.n chieftain a curse upon the Saco 'River, vrnuld ·x Th"E SACO ( The following story has been taken . of Portland, Maine. -Ed. ) Alnost tlle and iirs :Jernc rd Banks is e.tt�ndi1 g the University of California? (The the j.ower flhich ends -:rith 2..nd renent ye�rs �as been, in .:)reduction. In the 74 1nil2s of its bc1.sin-lerigth, t�1e riv�r i:ie .... nders here and as at Fryburg, where it flov;rs 30 ;.ii.les to ;;l.::ke four wiles of pro­ Ga.therin,. i.-m1;::r all the ti ie from This is its chief devic. tion. gress. there, 600 its 1603 odd tributaries, it its way to the se�. Ninds The original discoverer of the river, turned a •.Jay from it as !laving followed disagreed however. They land and gr0w corn, they lumbered pines for the King's Navy; and, fished t in .crin6, inte.L·est." Tnose Captain "nothing of with i• • . r spear boats, it is c:.G being navigable only in �,ntches and usable road in to history, up a vision of linsey-woolsey, pioneers living leading deep in to the in their coonskin caps, they cleared for the tall Indians. ro'- 'Ll; but only for small did not se�ve this puroose to any greLt extent. a1 trap; at odd times they fou:::,ht the S.co oth flowing rivers in the old days \iT.Jre usec., the Saco, and and they went 11amQ.:;ting11 in who �evertheless, &n 'l calling .-.ast, �heir wives in their in cabins with fire laces sd huge that you could look up throu3h the throats of the chimneys and sec t�e Big Dipper. In the very beginning the white &nd dug clams tog�ther pe&ce i ully. change came troubl for the m.assacres • that Captain John Indian hunted, and made his raid after the the Indians at which he gre� so cruelly adept. near Fryburg, fished, it was the white ;_11an ·rho tau 1ht the Lovewell who lost his life Leve�ell's Pond, the ti�es chansed an� with the Despite the tradition th�t blaLles and sc&b-,in: .s, Indian the art of scal�ing, at wan und However, fighting .. 1e learn the Indians Ywas in the trade of Indi�n fi hter, General Court of Ikss�cLus��ts hed �7 - ( Curss 01 the Saco, 6) 'row _'ace Cont'd offoeed a hundred - ounds for every Indian sc2.1 .. L�b:m. :; . • • At the time of a �..,reat Indian revo l uti on � n 167'5, Chi:::f .Sc.i.u.:-:..ndo, a sagamore living on Indian I sl a nd, which divides the cutar.tct at Bidde f ord, did, ni th j ustifica tion, ::ut a. curse on the Saco River • • Jocelyn in a note John i nsti nc t i v ely a si-Iili1L1..Jl:', man thc"">..t a • 1i ld on Neri -:ng·land and it o. ;as the papoose t hro· n into the .1 tl:2 InQi.::.n <.--..s belief among t he white descrii)eG c..:o�iuon \;u.ter •:rnulcl ;:i_-.tural .y :::.i.lim l ike · aniruQl. It ;7as at this ti.r.ie th&.t an ··--:nglish vessel s(..il. . .:l to a.nchor off Cow Islc-.nd. the s�i lo r � c ont a wa� r ov ersy the s a ilor s hereu�on stream; w ith 1:1..::et the Indian canoe. ua n n e d the river indu .gcc1 in truth of Jocelyn's OVdr the It so hc:..opyened th�.t the squ2x1 of Sq uand o into t1e u; v o. ri ou s diver.3ions f'...t1Wng t11e her J..Japoose had s0 t out b oat und •ushed off to e T he li g-h t birchen canoe ··rn.s u}·set, mother and child into the water. b rought it to shore �live, The by atdt��ent. throHing the mother dove do·1n for her child and but the baby soon died w h ile cli ng ing to its mother's breast. and Squo..ndo im,:;1ediately, himself ready to long �fter, t he whose wcdicine for revenge, burning wrou ['., ht a spell scene o th mp a nie d he the Sciilors uyset the c&noe, just a cco and poured his ob la tion of the ent ir e tr mother, his his the i?..nd 0edy b lo1:m - up s tr �nge sm el l ing .__t th" t ti·"e of nig ht waters the IJlac e where s �ooth he c h�n t . d ruyjtic b"ad medic in e into ti1.e stre��m, Hobm10cko, the �edicine clan of Sal·okis to the 1herc to begin lis inc2nt&tions. his Sc. t a n ic Me.jesty, n� declared :£'.Tot Sakokis, ith his fire SJ•loke, 1 cheir rattling beads inside and when torJorrow becm:les today, � lo fc:..rther; .!hen tl1e signs c a me ri c ht in the sky , the falls, sho\7 o:t' .1.�1.;c-:.jon, sou gh t out th� .. vigwE-i1 ov .)rlooked the mun bl·dder s�ins with herbs. as soiiie The tradition goeo revolvi ng her own scheme the tri· e, 'Iii th Sokokis uere scal�1n� and coast to the eastward. great pe rho.ps join with others to annihil.:i.t, the Engli sh . out below Bib�erish (?) w hich so.mnoned who cursed t he s p ot roundly so that long as t h e white can lives by Saco �aters three of bis hated race Iilust ea ch year droun in them . Th0 will o lder inhabitants au out the S sto� and tell you this t�le. but the romance o the ,:hen there co, .... drow ning is T hey may not believe in tnc story is alw ays cµtti n� its teeth. establis hed fact th...tt t here are curse, It is an more drow n ing s at that parti cu l , . r syot the� in any other place in t he River. The general area w h e re the event been ju�t below Factory Island 0ecauJe t h i s spot :/ritings d...i ting was an Indian c am:pin g ground each spring and su.111Jner. from 1677 h av e told the story of the curse and it ap. e_ rs in e v ery took place must have historical manuscrirt of the are2. 1937 the Portland -, unday Te legra.m --irote how "it is a (1675) when the curse wis pronounced ied by drowning in ti 8 Saco 1:-�iver. ;1In 1947 three white people ho.ve ( June 29, 1947, 1--ortl.::;.nd Sundly Telegram ) c. nother article came to i.1rint On July 28, curious fact that since that yenr st::>,ting the cur a f ew :.e hu d taken the lives of three years a go, peo ple e<:!.ch y�ar when a year fortun -.tely pa.s ..... ed without the cur._,e was l i f t ed. " • • • Bet1e en the years of 1892 and 1905 For t y - on e Sa co lost their lives in the Saco � iver. ''up to d r m«m i n gs and residents of B i ddef ord In ell y� ars except 1U94, and 1897, 1898 ancl 1900 at le a .. t three peo p le frora tl e.Je t110 to· ·ns dr owned in the T he �verace �er year for In 1896 the toll ro�e to six de·ths. the 14 year per i od is 2.92 deaths. ri ver. ta ho' �- 8 I'H 4NKSG IV ING Since it is Thanksgiving ticle I thought it Aould �e ar ro�riate to include a few recipes iust srecial for tl1e occ.c:�sion. 1e fi:cst is from Cherokee. (All of the recipes are fror The Art of 1clerican Indicin Cooking.) TURKEY JI'.t'E OY T17R-CO.RN:.JREAf) STUFFihG (Makes 6-8 Servings) · TURKEY: 1 (8 lb.) turkey 1}2 cups wat�r 1 cup butter or margarine, softened STUFFING: 8 cups crumbled cornbread or muff ins 5 scallions, washed and minced (include tops) 10 medium sized mushrooms, wiped and chop.;ed 1 cup coarsely chopped pecans 18 oysters, drained and chop· ed (reser¥e liquid) Turkey giblets, cooked �nd chop ed 1 egg 1 clove garlic, peeled and crushed 2 tables�oons minced parsley � teaspoon powdered savory � teaspoon fresh ground pepper 2}2 teaspoons salt 5 tablespoons oyster liquid 5 tables1oons giblet-cooking w a ter � cup melted bu� ter or margarine \ · �ipe turkey well rith a damp cloth inside and out. Remove any 1. pinfeathers, and singe off hairs. Remove 2. Simcler the giblets in l» cups water for 20 to 30 minutes. from cooking water, and chop. Save the cooking Wciter. 3. Mix the dressing ingredients together thoroughly, and stuff both neck and body ca vities of the bird. �irap remaining stuffing in alwninum foil. Skewer the openings shut, truss, and : lace the turkey breast do•1n on a poultry rack in a large roasting pan. Ruo the bird generously 1dth about '/� cup of the softened butter. 4. Roast the turkey, uncovered, in a moderately slow oven, 325°F., bast­ ing every 20 minutes wit h a mixture of tbe oyster liquid, giblet-cooking wat..:..r, and remaining butter, melted. After 1}2 hours of roasting, turn Allow about 30 minutes per pound for roas t ­ the turkey breast side up. turkey is done when the lag joint �oves e�sily. The ing the turkey. x x x Along with the Roast Turkey you might l ik e (Makes 6-8 Servings) Y� cups seedless r�isons 3 cups scalded milk l� cups cold milk 1 cup corn meal }� cup molasses 1 teaspoon salt a dish of Indi�n Pudding: (Continued on page·9.) �- 9 _ ud d in g , ( Indi - n c on t ' d ) ·� c up s ugar · 3/4 t e a s p o on ginge r � t e as p o on n u t me g � c up b ut t e r 1. Add t he c o rn me a l , r a i s ons t he n c o ns t an t l y , 2. Mix a int o 2'2 t he int o 10 ab o u t uar t the a d i s h in h o ur s . Le t �i lk . hot 15 s ugar , c a s s e r ole . of cool of t he the b ake hours milk � i t h in be fore ... . nd s l ov1 t h i c k e ns . b ut t e r . r e raain ing a the s t ir r i n g mix t ur e n u t me g , pour and � o. t e r , c old v e ry s l ow l y , o r un t i l gin g e r , rhen 3 �o 4 f or cu? h eat t h e p u d d in g . c o ld 1 hix mi lk . minu t e s salt , center pan hot the to m o l a ss e s , o u t t e r e d 2- Set for f or the milk i n t o c o ld 3. in to s t ir � :f o u r c up 300°F . , oven , s e rv i ng . x x x f o r a few CHP.R I ES ( M a k e s 4 - 6 S e r v in g s ) Nmv S H .ERED · J ITH 2 ( 1 lb . ) c ans wa t e r - �a c k 1 c u p maple s ugar 1. 10 2. Pla c e t he c he r r y tart j uice 1APLE S UGAR r e d pit t e d and maple cheries i n a s a u c e pan and b o i l s ugar for m in u t e s . D r op for �nd s iliilll e r c he r r i e s the in 5 minut � a . S e rve or hot c o ld . 11 impr e s s x x x T op thi s a off with a n y gue s t . By the f e w t1APLE -S UG ;..:R T:D rru ·rs way t he las t the Ea s t ern N o od land I n d ians , ( Make s 10 - 12 S e rv in gs ) 1 c u p map le }2 � }2 ,; ;.l\: D FRU I TS t w o re c ipe s i n c l u d in g the cind this and one Fen obs c o t you I c ome and f r om Iroquois . s ugar c up w a t e r c up unb lan c h e d waln u t c up unb lan c h e d 1}2 c up s 1. d r i e d pru n e s � la c e s lowly , map l e without h a lv e s f i lb e r t s apr i c o t s or s ug�r and wa t e r s· all , a in the to s t irring , s a u c e �u n a n d d e ep 2 38 °F . s t � �e , soft - ball on he2 t a c an d y t h e rmoce t e r . 2. from Re ·' o v e ge n t ly �i t h foil with 3. D ip a the the a s p o on slot t e d prun e s s ur e t ha t t h e y ar� j us t l o n g e n o u gh drop heat , so apri c o t s e v e n ly t o me l t evenly the s yr up wi t h a l uminum to filberts . hot in t o c oa t e d . it . Re �1 ove the turn s yr up , hot c oa t e d . with R e pe a t s p o on . or the int o w a ln u t s t he the y are t ha t If Re move the s yr up b e gins prun e s to n s t r ip t o ngs , mak ing to h �rde n , of a l umin um heat foil . 4. Cool the nuts apd fruit to r o om t e mpe ra t u r e . Then s e rve as a c on fe c t i o n . x x x T h is T hanks giv ing r e me mb e r it was Ind ian I t ma d e p o s s i b le f rom s t arvat i on. i l l i clm Pe nn , Pe t e r S t yv e s an t , S ir the c or n that s e t t le u c n t s .'/i l l i ..:Un J o h n s o n x x x s av e d of anu the �1i lgr i11s J oh n S ill i t h , i.: e.ny o t he r s . �w - - This next one is in Janu a r y 1968 I n d i an s the (see la � t r e s ponse to N ews l e t t e r page Penob s c ot Trib e . of la s t mon t h ' s will t h is c os t notice t w o d o l l2 r s i s s ue . ) Mrs t ha t �e r Rice is s t �r t i n � i n ye�r f or we filb � r a n�n � he o D e ar E d i t o r : Eve n t h o ugh my Ne w s le t t e r is free I 8d Mr s . Jeane t t e Ban g o r , l i ke to s e nd ruy d o na t i on . ( Fr n c is ) Ri c e 1· ·a i n e x x x To t he Ed i t o r : I have p r ov id i n . ; ry� t c h e d � i t h c onc e rn e d H i t h me e t with cases I the p r o b l e ms c on t in u e d d i s a gr e e , ap? e ar s based on the with your as s u mp t i o n t h e y ar e ed i t o r i a l c ut i on is v igor ous if is �ut It not as just s e ems the f ai l i n � The C as e als o t he it to ar gue o t h e r m� t t e r s is th&t " un s o lv e d " . e v id e n c e to e s t�b lish are s layi n g s ob t ai n e d . d oi n g t h e i r j ob the or o f pr o o f y o ur t oward y o u ar e j us t the c r i�e , a n o n - I n d i �n . be c�use state a to th e to not the the t han pro s e ­ P e r h aps this the ca3e tbe o b tained of t r o ope r d i d de f e n d an t , I n d ian in may ..:: Li 1, ly L:1e c:n gui l t there in who in state to to be uithout by e f e n dan t . t he th ... t F r an c i s there d e f e nd a n t c ou r t an we in c onv i c t i ons indi f f e r e n c e have thcl t c r i t i c al for was b e yo n d a h as been a f o rm ad v e r s e ' t o ward the y o u wi l l our Mai n e 0 t c: t e Ha i n e It is a a h i gh ind i f ­ f l imsy f a c t s , S t&te and mur d e r u i r ;.. s of o � i n i on s c e r t � in ly Feli ce re c o n t inual on theae bL s e d f or e b o cl y i s n ' t j us t i c e . c r ime . is �ho r e as on , t o so d e v e l o .:. e d w h i c h there I nd i an s pe o p l e in ..,hi c h n e c e s s a r i ly t h _ _ t e v id e n c e . good c on f i d e n c e me an c onv i c t t he the sufficient hav � pe ople is s t an d for wr o n g as c o ur t s not j us t i c e ord e r j us t i c e as n o n - I n d i o.. n s t hat c on t in ue you of does e d i t or ia l Indians wi thout our It with a c o ur � s e s t a b l i s he d . unfav o ra b le c on v i c t i o n wa s T h is s ys t e m o f ference If 7ere of c r imi n a l doub t . There st�te c h&r�ed v i c t im fav o r a b l e it Wh e n aTe re c e n t e Ji t o r i a l s t and � r o b a b ly w i l l f u l l y m i s r e pr � s e n t e d to a mu r d e r q ua l i t y of Your t he e ssent ially th . t of others e f f o r t s may h a r s h l y by · 1e i n e v i c t im rae Rn result your t r e a t u1e n t Ind ians has b e e n fac t not h ope ore is d o c s L ot r e as on�b l e our a d e t ai l te st ify in s u f f i c i e n t , ar e to officer to as be lieve gr o s s l y un fair t e s t i � y as t ha t don ' t when with Indian I Ind i 2.ns a n d I I nd i an s . that dealt and w h e n an not o f y o u r pub l i c a t i on i n f i g u r e d p r omin e n t l y . are � o n - I n d i an s , so , e fforts f o r um f o r L a i n e o f Haine I n d ian s the offense , a suc c e s o . h ow e v e r , i n whi c h Mai n e c r im i n a l in t e r e � t s ou n d i n g b o a. r d c.nd a i o li c e and te t h o �e t ake pride · li e n dh o the s ys t e m . Yours Jon A . v e r y t r u ly , Lund Augu s t a , Hai n e x x x D e ar E d i t o r : I be enclose please to $ 1 . 00 t oward r e c e iv e e xpe n R e s n f Mai n e I nd ian New s l e t t e r . I will it . D i d s h e f in a l l y g e t i n t o c o l le ge r c l e of Kin g s D augh t e r s h�d h e r a t o u r Our C om f o r t in g C i this fall ? �e w e r e s o C hr i s t mas me e t in g l a s t ye ar and g�v e h e r a b e a u t i f u l s we a t e r . h h e r t a lk , t h a t w e pac ke d . 2 � · lar ge · c �r � o n s o f � arm w in t e r p l e as e d w i t c l o t hi n g f o r t h e :..-· l e as an t 1· o i n t r e s e rv a t i on . S i gn e d Nir iam S t ov e r Th oLlas , �hat b e c ame S o u t h Har p::.we l l , c @PJ.lS_ _ - Kd i t o r o f D e anna F r an c i s ? Me . J ( D e anna is a F r e s hman at the U. o f Me . , P o r t land �(11) S TATE -FEDERAL OFF IC IALS El'ID TOUR OF Il\ IAH P S ERV "'�103 lD .2 ( S e e s tory on Pag e 1 3 , Oc tob er !!e ·r n l��· :· �r , PLEASAaT POIHT - S ta t e and federal o f f i c i a l s con c luded a tour of t he Maine Indian r e s erva t ions here Thur s day n ight on perhaps what may b e t e rme d a l e s s than en thus ias t ic no t e , on t he par t of Ind ians at tending t h e f i n a l me e t ing . He e t ing w i th the Ind ian governors and tr iba l counc i l s on Tuesday , Hedne s d ay and Thur s day were Orval Packard , a S ioux Ind ian on the s t aff of the Bureau of Emp loyme n t S ervice s of the Labor Depar tmen t , and Jame s Schoentha ler , Maine Manpower Coord ina tor in the Maine D ivis ion of Economic Oppor tuni ty . The two o f f ic ial s me t w i th the three Indian groups a t Old T0tm , Pr ince ton and Ple asan t Po int to 'trnrl� out a program which is a imed at qual ifying for a gran t from t he U . S . Lab or Depar tme n t for a re s erva tions program under the depar t men t ' s Human Resour c e s D eve l opment Plan . . . . Packard , s e l ec t e d b y the Labor Depar tment to work dire c t ly with the Indian s throughou t the nat ion on a "gras sr oot s " leve l , empha s i zed dur ing the final mee t ing Thursday that he was on an observa t ion tour and wou ld re por t his find ing s and t he Indian s ' s e n t imen t s to the governor and to the l abor de par tmen t Sever al a t tend ing the me e t ing spoke of t he ir f ear of the r e serva t ion t 1be coming a graveyard ' : under the r e que s ted program sugg e s ted by the S ioux r e ­ pr e senta t ive o f t h e Labor Depar tmen t . Packard drew t h e comme n t a f t e r sug­ g e s t ing that the Indi ans coul<l f ind emp l oymen t ( or emp loymen t could b e found for them) under a mu l t i - s t a t e program in whi ch the Ind i an la bor for c e could be tran s por t e d to s e a s onal and po s s ib ly regular j ob s in far away ar eas of the s ta te , and perhap s out of s ta te . The Ind ians balked at the thought and poin ted out tha t the idea was already b e ing tried in the harve s t ing of b lueberr i e s , po ta toe s and app l e s in the s t a te . They sugge s te d that the labor de p ar tmen t con tact nbig bus ine s s ' and have them come in t o t he ar e a , rather than ask the Ind ian to leave and perhap s n ever r e turn t o h i s re servat ion . One s poke sman of the a t t end ing Ind ian s at the Pleasan t Point Re s erva t ion poin ted out tha t a shoe pr oduc ing concern wa s very intere s ted in s e t t ing up s hop on or near the r e s ervat ion e spe c ia l ly for the Pleasan t Po int group but nas unab l e t o locate be c ause an 8 , 000 squar e foot building cou ld not be located or con s truc t ed . The s poke sman n o t ed a l so that the Re s ervat ion has Pas samaquoddy B ay and Thi s , he said , wou ld the rai lroad on one s ide and U . S . Rou t e 1 on the o ther . be an advan tage for indu s try , in add i t ion t o the Eas tport airpor t . Packard sugg e s t e d that the impor tant thing was f or the tr ibe to deve lop a s trong tribal counc i l with long-r ange goa l s and s tr e s sed that they not place ' a l l the ir money on one pony . " The repr e s en ta t ive advi sed that it would be very unw i s e t o embark on s tr i c t ly an indus tr�al development ang le and forge t the agr i cu l tura l par t of the employment p i c ture . Speaking from his mm exper ience , the Ind i an noted to t ho s e in a t tendance that ' !Wherever you go and wha t ever you do , you ar e s t i l l an Ind ian . " He s ug� s ted t hat the main thing was t hat the Ind ian should be a lways s e eking to b e t ter hims e l f educat ion a l ly and s o c ia l l y , even if i t mean t trave l ing for b e t ter and s c e ad i er emp loyment . · (From the Bangor Dai ly News , 9 / 30 - 10/ 1 / 6 7) � • CONEY ISi.Al-ID which has devo ted i t se lf to amu s ing o ther s , s tar ted as a j oke perpe trated by t he Indians on the 't·1h i t e man . In 1 64 9 the sachem o f the Canars ie Tr ibe so ld Xonijn Ei land to a gu l l ib l e Du tchman named Van Sale e . lJhat made the tran s ­ ac t ion funny was that the Canar s ie d idn ' t even own i t ; it be longed to the ne igh­ b or ing Nyacks , who s o ld i t again , f ive year s later , to ano4lher Dutchman . �( 12) U . S . IND IAl'J AID IS KEYED TO DEVELOPMENT OF RE SODRCE S HASHING TON (UPI ) - Pr e s ident John son h.:u: o .: fe'."." "' -i .,_n <'L• b .1.L .L:>t: ; .. _ oi.">, ram ":o e as e a prob lem tha t has nagged every !ladmin i s tr a t io�1 in Un i t e d S tates hi s to ry :1ow to br ing t he Amer i can Ind ian into the ma in s tream of Amer i can l i fe The admin i s tr a t ion p lan i s keyed t o a program for deve l opmen t of the va s t natura l r e s our c e s o f the Indian s . A l though ther e are on ly abou t 600 , 00 0 . Ind i an s - thr e e - ten ths of o n e p e r c e n t o f t he nat ion ' s popu la t ion - they ovm 5 5 mi l lion acr e s of land . Thi s acr e age , 2% o f the con t inen tal to ta l , is as large as Nor th and South Caro l ina comb ined . Much o f the l and admi t te d l y is d e s er t or. mountainous and unproduc tive , bu t some contains r ich miner a l re sour c e s or is va luab l e for farm and recre­ a tiona l pur po s e s . Pending in Congr e s s is an admin i s trat ion b i l l to make ava i l ab l e a b ig chunk of feder a l fund s to deve lop the s e l and r e sources The b i l l has b e e n de s cr ibed as 1 1 a fore ign a i d program aimed a t a n underdeve loped dome s -tic popu l a t ion . " The program i s of such vas t s cope tha t the In ter ior commi t te e s o f the Hou s e and Senat e have been unab l e so far to advance it very far toward final pas sag e . Hear ings have been h e ld in bobh hou s e s , however , and prospe c t s appe ar good for pas sage next year An t hropo logi s t s e s t imat e ther e were about 700 , 000 Ind ians in the ar e a now compr i s ing t he Uni t e d S ta t e s when We s tern Europe ans arr ived abou t By the 1890 ' s , the Ind ian popu l a t ion s tood at only 2l•O , OOO . the year 1 500 . Even b e for e the Repub l ic was e s tab l is hed , the Con t inen tal Congr e s s recog­ In ni zed t here shou l d b e a spe c i a l r e lat ionship b e twe en whi t e s and Ind ians . 1 7 75 the Con tinent a l Congre s s d e s ign a t ed Ind ian conmi s s ioners for thr e e areas Nor thern , Mid d le At l an t i c and Southern . Among the f ir s t comni s s ioners wer e B e n j amin Frank l in . and Pa trick Henry The f ir s t Ind ian treaty was s igned wi th the D e l awar e s a t F or t Pi t t in 1 7 78 . During the cen tury that f o l lowed , more than 400 more treat ies wer e s igned with t h e t r ibe s . At his George Washing t on a l so r e cogn i zed the p l ight o f the Ind ians . Til e s e wer e t o maintain sugge s t ion , Congr e s s set up government trad ing po s t s . f air pr ice s and try to d i s courage trader s from s e l l ing whi skey to the Ind ian s . Ne i t her enge avor succeede d . The po s t s d id succeed , however , in lur ing more and more s e t t lers in t o l ands Ind ians had b e en gran t e d by treaty , w i t h t h e r e s u l t t h a t t h e Ind ians Thing s go t to such a p a s s by the time o f Pre s iden t . wer e dr iven we s tward . Jackson ' s admin i s t r a t i on that the o ld Ind ian s ervice was created as a s eparate burea and put under the t·Jar Depar tmen t . Of this per iod , government histor ian s s ay : I t was "Mi l i t ary means wer e increas ing l y used to r emove Ind ian groups . dur ing t he s e t ime s that many Semino l e s d epar ted from F lorid a for land we s t of the Mi s s i � s ippi ; and mo s t Cherokee s were dr iven across t h e moun t a ins over the t ra i l of . tears to s e t t le in t h e Ind ian terr itor y which is now the s ta te of \ Oklahoma . " It be came o ff i c ial governmen t po l icy to Thi s was on l y the beginning . The b igg e s t succ e s s was with the push t he Ind ians farther and far ther We s t . f ive c ivi l i zed t r i b e s - Cheroke e , Chicka s aw , Choc taw , Cr eek and Semino le . They wen t We s t wil l in g l y , env i s ioning an independen t and sovere ign Red nat ion . They fought back , I t was a d i f ferent s tory wi t h the Plains trib e s . br inging on t hemse lv e s unb e l i evab l e r e pr e s s ion and s laughter . . The pub l i c out cry f inal ly forced the Army to r e l en t , and in the lat ter Like mos t o ther par t of the las t cen tury t he r e serva t ion sys tem evo lved . " f inal s o lu t i on s " t o t he Indian prob l em , this one , too , b ecame the vic t im of gqod in ten t ions gone awry . (Cont inued on Page 1 3 ) • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • �' 13 ) ( Cont inued from Page 1 2 ) the Congr e s s pas s ed the Gener al A l l otmen t La.": 7 , wh i r '- T'.... -- � - - : "." • . f or d ivid ing re serva t ion l and s among the ind ividual Irn.:i. lan s . I t . . . . . s:.qpo 3 e d to be a f ir s t s tep toward s a s s im i l a t ion . The pr ac t i ca l r e su l t wa s l o s s or l and b y many Ind i ans for pal t ry paymen t . The Ind ian had the freedom t o se l l n hi s 1 88 7 , land , bu t no t . the edu c a t ion t o r e a l i ze t he f o l l y o f such s a l e . took Congr e s s almos t 50 year s - un t i l 1 9 34 - to s top t he a l l o tmen t pr o c e dure and t o prohib i t unre s tr i c t e d s a l e o f Ind ian lands . Tha t year a l s o Congr e s s au t hor i ze d t r ib a l s e l f -government and began to encour age tr ibal It e conomic s e l f -suf f ic ien cy . Bu t the pr ob lems cre � t e d by the l and a l l o tmen t Many In d i an s who were a l lo t t e d lands d id no t ob t a in fu l l The r e su l t : many trac t s ar e t i ed u p i n t he cour t s . s y s t em r ema in . f e e t i t le . In 1 946 , Congr e s s cr e a t e d t he Ind ian C l a ims Commi s s ion and charg ed i t w i t h hear ing c la ims again s t t he feder a l governmen t . Under the law , 5 9 1 s epara t e c la ims wer e f i le d b e fore the deadl ine . So far , more than 2 2 5 have b e e n d e c id e d . More than 130 o ther s were d i smi s s e d and more than 9() have have pr o duce d award s to t a l l ing more t han $ 200 mi l l ion . The l arge s t c la im to d a t e - $ 29 . 1 mi l l ion - l-1 en t to t he Ca l i forn i a Ind ian s . Of the t o t a l Ind ian popu lat ion , t he b ure au of Ind i a� Affairs has j ur i s ­ d i c t ion over abou t 400 , 000 . I t does no t a s sume r e spon s ib i l i t y for t h e o ther 200 , 000 , who for the mo s t par t l ive away from re serva t ions (or on S ta te r e s er - va t i on s , such a s t ho se i n Maine - Ed . ) . . . · · Admini s t r a t ion of t ho s e i t d o e s have under i t s wing is s ome t ime s nigh t ­ mar i sh . The Bur e au recogn i ze s , and h a s to deal w i t h , 784 tribe s , b ands , gr oup s or commun i t i e s • • • • (From the Por t l and Sunday Te l egram , 10/ 2 2/ 6 7 ) $ 1 , 000 A HEAD FOR SCALPS (A r e c e n t s t ory in the by Mr . Por t l and Pr e s s Her a l d ' s d a i l y co lumn by F r e d Humi s ton f o l lowing l e t ter from M . r e su l te d i n the L. Hea l d o f Sou th Por t l and , and comme n t Humi s t on - Ed . ) " Sever a l days ago I r e ad your ar t ic l e • • • ab out the pe op le o f Maine b e ing inter e s t ed in the a t trac t ive boun ty paid for Ind i an s c a lp s . o n l y the m e n o f Maine , b u t t h e men o f · Hew Hamp shire . four t h great - grand father , Hh i tney and R e e d . Ma j or Ephr aim He a ld , They wen t the Andr o s coggin , from Duns tab le We l l , and two ot her men by name o f to the S a co River and then c e t o f or t h e purpo s e o f ob taining Ind ian s c a l p s , - for every o n e o f whi ch a pr i ze or boun ty o f $ 1 , 000 h a s b e e n o f fered b y o u r governmen t . " " I t make s qu i t e a s t or y a s r e c orded in the Hi s t or y o f Temp l e , l i shed in Hea l d ) 1860 , o f whi ch I have a copy coming • • to a p l a c e on the Kennebec • (now Concord , Maine ) He a ld corr e c t in h i s is (Ephr a im to e s tab l i s h • • s t a temen t that Mainer s were no t fron t ier smen in tere s t e d in boun ty or s c a l p hun t ing . pub ­ N . H. , There i s a l s o a s tory of hi s a t rading po s t , a n d o f a f ig h t w i t h a "bad" Ind i an named Susup • Mr . it was n o t T o b e spe c i f i c , my • " the on ly Near ly a l l the �ng l i s h Ame r i c an c o l on ia l governmen t s p a i d a bounty o n Indian s ca l p s , even i n t ime s o f peace . Mainer s , however , wer e the r e a l pr o fe s s iona l s in the "bu s i ne s s 1 1 and more succe s s fu l f or a number o f r e a s ons ; the Ma s s achu s e t t s governmen t ' paid a higher premium on " pr ime pe l t s " - 200 Eng l i s h pound s , or ab out $ 1 , 000 in l a t er -day money . Fur thermor e , hun t ing wer e exper t woodsmen , near ly all Pe a c e fu l or f r iend l y Ind i an s o ff e r ed marke t , peace as we l l as treat i e s • • • • the Mainers who wen t i n t o s c a lp­ and many had been r anger s , or were s t i l l . a r e ady s ource o f supply f or t he innocen t s who b e l ieved t h a t a l l whi t e men wou ld honor • (From the Por t l and Sunday Te l egram , 1 0 / 2 2/ 6 7� the And s t i l l p e o p l e a c t surpr i s ed that the Ind ian s o f Maine ar e s omewhat c au tious abou t the inter e s t s and in ten t ions o f non - Ind i an s toward thems e lve s ! - Ed . ) �(14 ) INDIAN YOUTH COUN CIL COM.'1 15SIONS 18-MONTH STU DY OF INDIAN EDUCATIO� NEW YORK - Th e acute problems of the s ch oo l s s e rvi ng Indi ans in th e have pro1�1pt ed t he National Indian Youth Council study of Indian educ at io n . The study, ( NIYC ) U .S. to coIJJlli s s ion an lB-nont.h to be direct ed by Dr . Glen P. Nlimi cht of t he Far We st Laboratory for Educational Re s ea rch and Development, Berkeley, Cal i forni a , will be financed by a grant of $9 5 , 000 announced by Carnegie Corpor­ ation of New Yor k , th e educ ati o nal fo undati on . Ac cordi ng to Alan Pi'fe r, pr e s i d ent of th e fo undation, 11.American Ind ians are anong the l Jo st di sadvant aged nemb e rs of our s o c i ety, and, b e caus e they live in iso lat ed are a s , prob ab ly the mo st ne arly invi sible of th e di sadvar,itaged . S c hoo l s se rving Indi ans o ft en face s t aggering probl eri. s - small size and i so lat ion , ob solete curri cula refle cting a lack o f und e r standing of the Indian tribal coT"ll!lu nity, freque ntly the need to teach Engl i s h as a s e cond language , poo rly traine d t ea ch er s and poorly laotivated student s , riation s . " Melvin D . Thom, a nd uneven co ngr es sional approp­ executive dire cto r o f N IYC, pointed out that thi s will b e _ the f i rst fo .rnal attenpt by the Indians t h em s elves to mp rove t heir own education and tha t h e exp e ct s th e findings to have far- reaching inplic ation s . Dr . N:iJn.ni c ht , i n clo s e co ope ration with local Indian peopl e , plans fi rst to co nduct a d eta iled i nv e stigation at 10 care fully selected from Ala ska to New Mexi c o . s choo l s , The s c hools fo r Indi ans sele ction include s re s ervation and boarding as well as state-run and locally-contro lled s c hoo l s . admini st rative and deci sion-making pro c e s s e s , student achievement , th e dro pout problem, He will analyze curricula , and teaching metho d s , the attitude s o f the people, including stud ents, toward educ ation and toward the schoo l, and th e relationship of Indian corrnnuniti e s to th e Ameri c an t e chnologi cal so ci ety . A s e cond phas e of th e s tudy will be oo lle ction of d ata fron th e U . S . Bureau of Indian Affair s , s t ate departm ent s o f education, a nd_ o t her so ur c e s , to provi de an over-view of Ind i an educat io n . The study will also employ que stion­ aire s to c o lle ct general infornlation about th e organi z ation, curri cula , siz e s o f s ch oo l s and the populatio ns served by diffe rent typ es o f s chools that U . S . Ind i ans at tend . Finally, Dr . N:iJmi cht and hi s staff will us e all th e data to formulate sp e c i f i c que sti ons to be an swered through vi sit s , obs ervations and int ervi ews at a care fu l ly cho s en samp l e of schoo l s . The who le s tudy, he beli eve s , will yield a c ompr ehensive r epo rt on the current state of Indi a n edu cation, plus a series of r e comm e ndations for improvement . The National Indi an Youth Counc i l , fo unded in 19 61 , is compo s ed primarily Ind i ans 'Who ha ve maintained ti e s with th ei r Indi an communit i e s and It i s co nc erned principal:f" repre sent a wi d e cro s s - s e ction o f tribal groups . i sh ing a tradition of Indi an edu c ation that will r ela te si gni fi c antly wi th e s tabl rig of you to the needs of the ( Frora Ind i an people • • • • The N�vajo True s, 10 19 67 / / ) PASSAMAQUODDY STUDENT GAINS HONOR IN NEW MEXICO s:'.) n of Mr s . Mary Gabriel, of Bangor and Indian Township, was re­ a se cond-year student at the Santa Fe Institut e of Ameri c an Indi an Art, Drumb e at s , the cently ele c t ed Pre s id e nt of the Institut e ' s Student S enat e . Roger Gabriel, on October 2 6 th _ reported : Gabrie l was ele c t ed Pre sident of the Student Senat e as student s "Roger At the campaign sp e e ch a s s embly Roger made it went to th e polls October 17th . e would wo rk hard toward an e ffective Student Senate . clear to all stud e nt s that h e s tudent s He promi sed to wo rk toward o pe ning the student c ant een and charged th A picture a c compani ed the story. ." to ac c ep t any privil ege s gained respons ibly s c hoo�s newspap er, �( 5) · S E l TENCED AT MACHIAS MAC HIAS (AP) - Murr ay P . Emery , 6 3 , of Eas tport , found gui l t,- 0_ Cc tor, er 25 of a s s au l t wi th inten t to ki l l a deputy sher i ff , was sentenced We d n e s d ay t o s erve from one to f ive years in the Maine S ta te Pr i son at Thoma s ton . Superior Cour t Jus t ice Jame s P . Ar chibald , whi l e dec lar ing the sen tence , Murray ' s court -appoin ted a t torney , denied a mo t ion for acqu i t ta l in the cas e . Don C . G e l ler s of E a s t por t , f i l ed an appea l of the sentence to the Supreme Judi c i a l Cour t fo l lowing Jus t ice Archibald ' s rul ing . Bai l was r e s e t at the s ame amoun t of $ 5 , 000 in real e s ta t e sure t ie s as it had b e en at the t ime of the j ury verd i c t , and Emery wa s r e l eased We dne s day night when his emp l oyer , Vance Hea ley of Eas tport , prov ided t he amoun t . As a r e s u l t o f We dne sday ' s he ar ing pr ior to s en tenc ing , Emery wi l l appear at an 1 1 a . m . hear ing Thur sday to determine whe ther or no t he is indigent . If f ound indigen t , as treated in the thr ee- day trial end ing Oc tob er 25 , he wi l l be en t i t led to free cour t co s t s . Hol ever , if found non- ind igen t , and if he s t i l l wi she s t o carry ou t his appe a l to the Supreme Jud i c i a l Cour t , he wi l l be faced wi th pay ing appeal co s t s , ac cording to G e l ler s . Emery had been charged wi t h a s s au l t wi th inten t to ki l l Deputy Sher i f f George Mi t che l l o f Calais dur ing the ear ly morning hour s of September 10 , a t Eas t por t . (From the Kennebe c Journ a l , 1 1 / 2 / 6 7 ) ( S ee s tory on Page 1 7 , this i s sue . ) COLONEL JOHN ALLAN by John Franc i s Sprague Co lone l John A l lan of Revolutionary fame , and who wa s e s pe c ia l ly prominen t dur ing that per iod i n Eas tern Ma ine , de serve s much grea t er ment ion and con­ s iderat ion than h i s t or ian s have ever b e s t owed upon him . Thi s s e eming neg l ec t o f on e who i s en t i t l ed to much honor i s eas i ly ac coun ted for . Hi s po s i t ion under Gener a l -lashing ton as Supe r in tendent o f the Ind ians o f Eas t ern Maine did no t br ing him into t he l ime l ight o f tho s e t ime s , a l t hough his du t i e s were arduous and required ski l l , execut ive ab i l i ty , keen fore s ight and s agac i ty , which a t t r ibu t e s he pos s e s sed to a marked degree John A l lan wa s the e ld e s t s on o f Wi l l iam Al lan , one of t he ear l i e s t s e t t l er s o f Ha l i fax , Nova S co t ia , and was born i n Ed inburgh Ca s t l e , S co t land , January 3 , 1 746 From his father ' s domain John ac quired a farm of 348 acr e s s i tuated i n t h e coun t ie s of Cumb e r l and and We s tmore land Like a l l of t he peop le of Canada and the provin c e s he had from the f ir s t taken a l ive l y intere s t i n t he s tr i f e and con ten t ions which Gre at B r i tain was engaged i n wi th her Amer i can co l on i e s and his sympathi e s were ent ire ly with the we s t ern c o l on i s t s i n the ir e ffor t s t o obt ain j u s t i ce f rom the Crown and h e open ly and fear le s s ly e s pous ed the ir cause ThEn the provin c i a l government began to lay their p lan� to appre hend him for tre ason t o t he king . When he l e arned this and a f t er b e coming conv inced tha t h i s l ife wa s in danger he re s o lved to make h i s e scape from the prov ince and cas t his lot �vi th the co lon ie s , · which he did Augus t 3 , 1 7 7 6 , arr iving a t Pas s ama quoddy on the e l eventh day o f Augus t , and enter ing Machias Bay thre e day s l a ter . Previou s to h i s depar ture he had v i s ited t he Mi c-Mac Indians which was a lar ge and power fu l tribe that dominated t he Nova Sco t ia t erri tory . The s e Ind ians h a d f o r a long t ime b e en under t h e influence and teachings o f t h e Je su i t s . The ir kindne s s toward and f a ir treatment o f them had made the Ind ian s the natural a l l ie s of the French ; they had emb raced t he Ca tho l i c r e l ig ion , and whi le e n t e r taining great a f f e c t ion for them they looked upon the Eng l i sh as int rud er s in the ir country . I t eviden t l_y occured t o Al lan tha t he cou ld for the s e r easons induce them to e s pouse the cau s e o f the colon i s t s aga ins t ( Con t inued on Page 1 6 ) • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • �( 16 ) (Con t inued from Page 1 5 ) the h e'. ':ed Eng l i s h . In this a t temp t h e was succe s s fu l e n d i � � en h,... ; ..., ; : r � ' fc �ar, 3amaquoddy s ever l o f the s e Ind ians ac compan ie g him . Dur ing the mon th of t he f o l l owing Oc tober / s � iled from Mac hias and ·1a s r e c e ived by Congr e s s ( in B a l t imor e ) on the 4 t h of January , and gave them a fu l l s t a t emen t of ma t t er s in the province s . He was s oon af t er appoin ted Super int e nden t of the Eas tern Ind ians and Co lone l of Infantry , and having r e c e ived h i s in s truct ions from Honorab l e John Hanc ock , he l e f t Ba l t imore on t he 1 7th After Co lone l A l l an ' s r e turn from his v i s i t to Congre s s , and his in ter­ view wi t h (Gener a l ) Washing ton , he r emained in Bos ton about thr e e mon ths , urg ing upon the memb e r s of the counci l the n e ce s s ity of pro t e c t ion to the e a s t er n par t of Maine , as we l l as the gre at advan tage to the country of taking po s se s s ion of the we s t ern par t of Nova S c o t i a Bu t above al l he repr e s en ted the cond i t ion of the Indians there and the ab s o lu t e need of conc i l iat ing and as s i s t i ng them by e s t ab l i shing truck-hous e s to furn ish them with the ar t ic le s they s o much needed (On ) June 5 , 1 7 7 7 , the Counci l of Ma s s achus e t t s Bay ( i s sued Mr . Al lan) an appo in tmen t as Co l one l to command the Ind ians in the Eas t ern par t s o f Maine as fo l lows : R e s o lved that John Al lan , E s q . b e and hereby is appo in ted Co lone l to Command t he Ind ians in the Eas t ern par t s of this S ta t e and the Coun c i l i s her eby dir e c t ed t o Commi s s iona t e him ac cord ing ly . And i t is fur ther Re s o lved t hat John Al lan , E s q . b e & he hereby i s aut hor i zed to take in to the s ervi ce and pay of thi s S ta t e Such and so many of the Ea s t ern Ind ians as he s ha l l be ab le to procure & think proper Co lone l Al lan. wa s appo inted and commi s s ioned t o take charge of what is known in hi s t ory as the S t . John Expe d i t ion . He l e f t Machias in June o f t h a t ye ar and re turned t h e lat ter par t of the fol lowing Augu s t . Th e ne t re su l t o f this movemen t was the ob taining of much va luab le informat ion and e s t ab l i shing to a gr eat ext e n t fr i endly re lations wi th the Ind ian tr ibe s , whi ch l a s t e d un t i l the c l o s e o f the Revo lut ion . The va lue of Co lone l A l l an ' s servi c e s in t h i s r e spe c t and thr oughout the 'var , in maint aining peace with t he E a s tern Indians and of ten s e cur ing them a s our a l l ie s , can never be fu l ly e s t imate d . He was , b o t h by temperamen t and ab i l i ty , eminen t ly we l l quali fied for - su�h a s ervi ce . Then the E a s t ern Indians , having for generat ion s b e en under t he tu torage of the Je sui t s , had probab l y not �cquired such an · intense hatred for a l l whi t e men as had t ho s e of we s t ern Maine and o ther par t s o f New Eng l and . They did no t r egard them co l l e c t ive ly as their common enemy , bu t did d i s tru s t t h e Eng l i sh and be l ieved that they had general ly wronged and cheated them and wer e de s ir ou s of r evenge . Such cond i t ion s as the s e of cour s e made Co lone l Al lan ' s t ask far e a s i er than i t migh t have been had he f i l led a s imi lar po s i t ion we s t o f the Kennebe c . When he re turn e d t o Machias from t he S t . John river he brought with him a l arge number of Ind ian war rior s wi th the ir fami l i e s who remained true to the Amer i can s as long as ho s t i l i t i e s con t inued . ( To be con t inued nex t mon th) ( Th i s accoun t i s taken from Vo lume 2, Number 5 , o f " Sprague ' s Journal of Mainer Hi s t ory , � ' pub l i shed in F ebruar y , 1 9 1 5 , by John Fran c i s Sprague of Dover , Me . The s ame i s sue c on tains the fo l lowing informa t ion : 1 1 In 1 8 26 Maine had t hr e e Indian Agen t s , Samue l Hus s ey of Por t land , Samue l Cal l of Bangor , and Pe ter Gou lding o f Perry . 1 1 - E d . ) _. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • �( 17) IlID IGENCY DECREE T O EE GRANTED EASTPORT MAtl MACHIAS - Ju s t ic e Jame s P . Archiba ld ruled in Washing ton Cc u�1 '-.: , Su:erior Cour t her e Thur sday that 63-year-o ld Murray P . Emery - sen tenced We dne sday to s erve one to f ive year s in the s tate pr i son at Thomas ton for as saul t w i th intent to ki l l a deputy sher i f f - would be granted a decr e e of indig ency Jus t ice Archibald rµled Thursday that Emery ' s pre l iminary transcript o f the case wi l l be provid ed a t no co s t to him, but he wou ld have to pay his own a t t orney ' s fees The defense r e c ommended Emery b e plac e d on probat ion ; spec ial As s i s tan t At torney Gener a l Freder i ck Hard o f Add i s on and Machias s tated i n e ff e c t that prob a t ion may be inc luded in the s en tence . Probat ion Of f i cer Jo seph Inga l l s s a id t hat Murray may be a good probat ioner , bu t· ind i ca t ed that the cr ime was a ser i ous one , and said he cou ld no t commi t hims e l f on a sugge s ted sen t ence (F rom t- he Bangor D a i ly News , 1 1 / 3 / 6 7 ) • • • • • • • • • • • • • HOU LONG FOR rIAINE ' S INDIANS ? by Pe ter H . Cox S even years ago , I was s i t t ing on a por ch in Wood land , a paper produc ing communi ty in Nor thern Maine . The s e t t ing was somehow Sou thern ; the o ld home which had been conver ted in to a un ion ha l l had a l arge _ veranda and the men wer e s i t t ing around dr inking be fore lun ch . The even t was the annua l Labor Day c e l ebrat ion and I was trave l ing as an a s s i s t an t to former Congre s sman Fr ank M . Coffin , then running for Governor . Sudden ly an une asy s i l ence r ippled over the porch ; t he men began to whi s per t o each o ther and some laughed . The cause of this react ion was a sma l l , s tooped figure wa lking s lm·1 ly acr o s s the l awn . Hi s c l o the s were i l l ­ f i t t ing bu t c le an . A s he came c l o s er , I could s ee h i s sun-wr inkled fac e . He was an Ind ian . He s topped at the foo t of the s t eps and as�ed in a bar e ly aud ib le vo ice , " I s the Congre s sman her e ? ' " One of the men , dr ink in hand , rose from his chair and said f irmly , "Ye s , bu t he ' s busy . You can ' t s e e him now . 1 1 The Ind i an looked up and then l ower ed his head . " I ' l l wai t , 1 1 he said . " I ' ve come a long way . " 'nie compar i s on wa s obvious . I had s e en the same humi l i ty , the same appar en t sub s ervience in Nor th Car o l ina when a Negro had come to t he door to ask for some one ins ide . He wou ld not dar e en ter wi thout permi s s ion and the way h e wa s tre a t ed exuded cond ecen s ion . I u i e dy wen t in s ide where I found the Congre s sman t a lking wi th some of t he o f f i c i a l s who wou ld b e on the p latform wi th him dur ing the ceremon i e s . 1hen I told him there wa s an Ind ian out s ide who had come a l ong way to s e e him, Congre s sman Coffin imme d i at e ly excused hims e l f and wen t out s ide to see the man , to t he obvious d i s comfor t of some on the porch . The two had a l ong , pr iva te conve r s a t ion and I learned l a t er that the Ind ian had been a d i f fe r e n t pe r s on than the one he s e emed to be when he appeared at the s teps . He had g iven an impas s ioned plea tha t the cand idate vi s i t h i s r e s ervat ion near Eas tpor t and s e e t he deplorab le condit ions tha t ex i s ted --there . Coffin had agre e d , and we wen t there the nex t day . What we s aw at the r e s ervat ion was , o f cour s e , shocking . Their sub­ s t andard l iv ing cond i t ion s ·were on l y a symptom of the o f f i c i a l neg l e c t which has p lagued them for year s . In r e cent mon ths there have been s ever a l major s tor i e s about abus e o f Maine ' s Ind ian s , again making an obvious compar i s on wi th Negrpe s i n the Sou th . The o ld Indian at Wood land was much l ike the o ld Negro of the Sout h . The que s t ion remains whe ther the fai lure of h i s type of plea wi l l fai l as i t d id for so many year s in the Sou th . (Con t inued on Page 18) �( 18 ) ( C H tinue <l from PC}g e 1 7 ) Seve r a l nat ion a l mag a z ine s have pub l i shed ar t i c l e s de � l or i n � the t x e a t e n t o f t h e 1'1a.ine Ind ian s , bu t t h e on ly cons i s ten t s t a t e co·rern ..: 1 • • • � n · - .:.L ,... � P i l l i am H . Wi l l iams on for the Ganne t t paper s . Even h i s o<ie -man j . -.i rna l i s t J. c crus ade t o forcus pub l i c a t t en t ion on the p l i ght o f the Ind ian s has l e f t many con fu s e d abou t ex ac t ly what i s happen ing . The a t t i t ud e of the e s t ab l i shmen t toward Ind ians in Ma ine is a dir e c t af fron t t o t h e i r human i ty . The le g i s l a t or s have the crue l ty t o r a i s e a l l s a l a� i e s b u t tho s e o f Indian l eg i s l a t or s , who ar e not even a l lowed to vo t e . Reac t ing to s e r ious char g e s again s t the S ta t e Po l i c e of vio l a t ion o f c iv i l l iber t ie s and bru t a l i t y again s t the Ind i an s , the Governor c a l l s for an inve s t iga t ion . But to make hi s ge s ture t o t a l ly ho l low , he has the S ta t e Po l i c e , t he accu s e d , under take t h e inve s t ig a t ion . The ma j or news s erv i c e in t he s ta t e d o e s no t even cover the l at e s t c a s e 0£ a l l e g e d mi s tre atme n t of the Ind i an s . I t d o e s no t t h i n k i t i s newswor thy . D on G e l l er s , t he a t t orney who h a s b e en f i gh t ing for the Ind i an s , i s c a l l ed a s e l f - s e ek ing pub l i c i ty s e eker b y people who canno t b e l ieve h e wan t s t o he lp t h e Ind ians j u s t b e c au s e h e thinks i t i s r igh t . , Commi s s i oner of Ind ian A f f a i r s Edward Hin ckley is now r e por t e d to b e a s king t h a t Ge l l er s b e t aken o f f a ma j or c a s e h e i s prepar ing for t h e Ind ian s . Hin c k l ey h a s had a good r e c ord in h i s genu ine i n t er e s t for t he we l fare o f Ma ine ' s Ind i an s . Why d id he a s k Ge l l er s b e taken o f f the c a s e ? Did he fe e l t h a t t h e r e i s s o much animo s i t y again s t G e l ler s a s the ou t s poken a t torney , · s o c on s t an t ly c a l l ing a t tent i on to abu s e s , the c a s e wou ld on ly h u r t its chanc e s ? t hat h i s con t inue d a s s o c i a t ion w i t h Doe s he que s t ion Ge l l er s ' Ha s pr e s s ur e pu t o n him from above to ge t Ge l le r s ou t o f t he c a s e ? know . I t i s s t i l l an e a s y mat t er to abu s e t he Ind ian s . integr i t y ? I d on ' t They ar e ke p t wi thout e f f e c t ive po l i t i c a l vo i c e and they mu s t r e l y on the gener o s i ty o f the people of Main e , mo s t o f whom ar e s t i l l unawar e o f t he ir mi s tr e a tmen t . How long w i l l t h e ir pr o t e s t remain so mu t e d ? How l ong w i l l i t be b e fore they turn mi l i t an t , mar ch on Augu s t a and br ing the c iv i l r igh t s confron t a t ion t o Maine ? (From t he Brun swi c k Time s -R e cor d , 1 1 / 2/ 6 7 ) GOVERNOR TO CONTINUE INDIAN CASE PROBE by Ken t Ward AUGU S TA - Gov . Kenn e th M. Cur t i s promi s e d Wedn e s day h i s o ff i c e has no in t e n t ion of dropp ing an admin i s tr a t ive inve s t i g a t i on by s t a t e po l i c e in t o a l leged mi s c ondu c t by s t a t e troope r s in a n a l t e r c a t ion with Pa s s amaquoddy Ind ians at the Pl ea s an t Po in t Ind ian R e s erva t ion , Perry , over the Labor Day we ekend . Bu t , t he c h i e f exe c u t ive s a id , t he inve s t ig a t ion to da t e " ha s not uncove't"­ e d any s er ious wrong-do ing " on the par t o f po l i c e o f f i �er s on the night in que s t ion . S t a t e Po l i ce Chie f , Col . Parker K . Henne s s ey , We dne s day on t he s t a t u s o f the inve s t iga t ion , in conn e c t ion wi t h the inc iden t are pend ing , very qu ie tty" w i t h t he prob e for t he , The inve s t igat ion was r�por t e d to the governor but b e c au s e cour t proceedings the s ta t e intends t o " c on t inue time be ing , Cur t i s s ai d . launched a f ter a d i smi s s e d Job Cor p s emp l oyee char g e d that s t a t e p o l i c e wer e bru t a l in t he ir con t a c t wi th s everal Indian s af t e � a n a l t er c a t ion t o ok p l ac e when a t rooper charged o n e o f the par ty w i t h a mo t o r veh i c l e v i o l a t i on . The comp l aint to Gov . troop e r s i l l eg a l l y en t e r e d an Ind ian r e s idence • (From t he B angor D a i ly Neur s , 1 0 / 26 / 6 7 ) • • • • Cur t i s a l s o s a id t he �(19) IND IAN AFF AIR S DEPAH.TMENT RECRUITING Fon NEWLY-AUTHORIZED POS I TION IN CALAI S F I ELD OFF I CE As de s cr ibed on Page 16 of the Oc tob er i s sue of the Neus l e t ter , the r e c en t s pe c i a l l eg i s l a t ive s e s s ion aut hor i zed thr ee new po s i t ion s t o t he Depa r t ­ men t o f Ind ian A f f a i r s , e f f e c t ive January 1 , 1 9 68 . One of the s e wa s f o r a S o c i a l Worker for the Ca l a i s f i e ld o f f i ce o f the Depar tment , to work w i t h memb er s on b o t h Pas s ama quoddy R e s erva t ions . F o l lowing i s t he Depar tment of Pers onne l ' s o f f i c ia l announcemen t of t h i s up - coming vacancy : 1 1 cAn. EER OPPORTIB1ITIES . IN NA I NE . S TATE SERVICE - AN EQUAL OPPORTUNi lY EMPLOYER Ma ine S t a t e D epar tme n t of Per sonne l Augu s t a , �m ine D a t e I s sued : Novemb e r 1 3 , 1967 04 3 3 0 D a t e C l o s ing : January 1 2 , 1968 VACANCY ANNOUNCENENT SOCIAL HORI<ER I I (Depar tmen t of Ind ian A f fair s ) $ 1 0 9 . 00 - l ll� . so- 1 20 . 00- 1 2 6 . 00- 1 3 2 . 50 /wk . KU.in OF WORK : Thi s i s comp l ex s o c i a l work i:n providing a var i e t y of serv i c e s t o qua l i f i ed re s ide n t s o f the two Pa s s amaquoddy Ind ian R e s e rva t ions in Washington Coun t y , Ma ine , f or the S t a t e D epar tmen t o f Ind ian A f fair s . An emp loyee in t h i s c l a s s has t he r e spon s ib i l i ty for carry ing a spe c i a l or gener a l c a s e l oad 'H i t h fu l l author i t y for d e c i s ion making and au thor i zat ion of ava i lab le S t a t e fund s , sub j e c t to sys tema t i c r ev i ew b y a super ior . i n i t i a l and cont inuing e l ig ib i l i t y for s ervice s , and for d e t ermin ing the Work inc lud e s de termining for prov i d ing the s ervice s , type and ex t en t of car e and / or a s s i s t an c e needed by indiv idual s or fami l i e s . An emp loyee in t h i s c l a s s may a l s o prepare c l ien t s for and make nece s s ar y arrangemen t s for r e f er r a l to o ther agenc i e s as needed , d e s i r e d and appr opr iat e , u t i l i z ing a l l avai lab le pr iva t e and pub l i c r e source s . Ab i l i t y to exp l a in D epar tme n t a l po l i c i e s and programs t o t he serv i c e popu l a t ion i s e s s en t ia l . 1ork is per i odica l ly r eviewe d by a super i or and c lo s e superv i s i on is g iven only �i th r e s pe c t CUALlrF ICATI ONS : to hand l ing unu sual prob lem s i tua t i ons . Two ye ar s exper ience as a S o c i a l Worker ; an a c cr e d i t e d f our -year co l l e ge or univer s i ty . . t h e avai lab i l i ty o f a car � ar e e s s e n t i a l . S PECIAL INFORMATION TO CAND IDATES : e s p e c i a l ly inv i t e d to app l y . PURPOSE OF EXA lINATI ON : and gradua t ion from Ab i l i ty to dr ive a c ar and App l i can t s wi th b i -cul tural exper ience ar e To provide an oppor tuni ty for �u a l i f ied cand id a t e s t o compe t e f or a n ex i s t ing vacancy wi t h in t he De par tmen t o f Ind ian Affair s . APPLI CAt!TS HAVING ALREADY qUALIFIED FOR THE CLAS S IF I CATION OF SOCIAL WORKER I I UNDER BULLE TI N ./ftl 3 14A NEED NOT- RE-APPLY . !!QI CLOS ING OF THIS ANNOUNCE MEHT EFF ECT BULLETIN # 1 3 14A . --- � Reg i s t er s wi l l be e s t ab l i s he d on an Open Compe t i t ive and Promo t ional ba s i s . / App l i c a t ions s hou ld be f orward e d to the Maine S t a t e D epar tme n t of Per s onne l , S t a t e Of f i ce Bui ld ing , Augu s t a , Maine 04 3 3 0 . MAUJE S TA TE RES IDENCE REC'UIREMEHTS ARE WAIVED FOR THI S POS I TION . " �( 20 ) INVESTIGATION HINGES O N FORMAL COMPLAINT Governor John Mi tche l l o f the Penob s c o t Indian Re s erva tion t c. :i.d ll1e Time s Monday : " I have a ske d the S tate A t torney Gener a l to inve s t igate the­ Old Town Po l i ce De par tmen t ' s handling . of the Bruce Lor ing ca s e . 1 1 The At torney Gener a l , James S . Erwin , said 7ednesday h i s o f f ice had r e c e ived a no te from Edward c . Hinckley , Commi s s ioner of Indian Affair s , regard­ ing the Lor ing inc iden t , but had no t ye t r e c e ived a formal comp l a in t . Commi s s ioner Hinckley t o l d The Time s he had conveyed t o the Attorney Genera l the r e que s t of Governor � tche l l for an inve s t igat ion of the inc iden t , d but had no t made a f orma l comp l a in t . He said he had t o l d Governor Mi tche l l t h a t t h e At torney General wou ld prob ab ly r e qu ire a ' formal complaint from the Ind i an G overnor hims e l f rather than through the Ind ian Affairs depar tmen t . The A t t orney General said he �·Ti l l inv i te Governor Mi t che l l to come to Augu s ta to talk with his cr iminal inve s t igat ion divis i on , and that if the Ind ian Governor wi s he s to lodge a forma l complaint , an inve s t iga t ion w i l l be made . Bruce Lor ing appear e d in D i s tr i c t Court in B angor on Oc tober 16 , on two charges brought by L t . Clyd e Le clair : an al leged a s s aul t on a po l i ce o f f i cer , and driving to endanger . Both charge s were con t inued to October 24 , at wh i ch t ime Loring p l eaded gui l ty and paid $ 50 on the dr iving charge . The o ther charge wa s cont inued to Oc tober 26 and was then d i smi s s e d . (From The Penob s co t Time s , O l d Town , 1 1 / 2/ 6 7 ) GOVERNOR RE PORTS PROGRE S S I N IND IAN HOUS ING , SANITATION AUGUS TA (AP) - Governor Cur t i s repor ted Thur s day that an impor tan t s tar t ha s b e en made i n br inging b e t ter s an i t a t ion and hou s ing t o Maine ' s thr e e Ind ian r e s ervat ion s . The program , impl emen ted by au thor i z ing l eg i s l a t ion and a $ 304 , 800 appropr iat ion for the s ta te ' s share of the co s t at the October 2 - 3 s pe c i a l s e s s ion , i s proceeding on s chedu l e , according to t h e governor . He s aid app l ic a t ions have b e en f i led with the F armer s Home Admini s trat ion for federal a id to bui ld s ewer sys tems and new or ex tended wa ter supply sys tems . On the Penob s c o t Re s erva t ion in Old Town , the Tr ib a l Hous ing Au thor­ i ty was appoin t e d and took o f f ice Oc tober 8th . At the Pas s amaquodd i e s ' Pleasan t Point Res erva t ion a hous ing author i ty bas b e en in exi s tence s in c e S ep t ember 2 5 t h . And t he appoin tmen t of a s imi lar author i ty has b e en d i s cu s s e d at the t r ib e ' s s econd r e s ervat ion at Prince ton . A Penobs c o t app l ic a t ion for FHA fund s to ex tend water and s ewerage fac i l i t ie s is awai t ing f edera l d e t ermina t ion of l egal jur i s d i c t ion b e tween Pleas an t Point ha s f i led with F HA and the federa l , s ta t e and l o c a l agenc ie s . E conomic Deve lopmen t Admin i s tr a t ion (EDA) for funds to build a s ewer sys tem and ex tend water l ine s . The Federal Water Po l lution Con tro l Agency and EDA have o ffered $ 1 9 , 700 toward s ewage treatmen t fac i l i t ie s . The FHA and EDA have app l ica t ions for money to build a wa ter in take Al l of these and d is tr ibut ion sys t em (on the Ind ian Township Res erva tion ) . ar e ne ce s s ary , Cur t i s s a i d , b e fore t he hous ing prob lem can b e tackled . ( Por t l and Pre s s Herald , 1 1 / 3/ 6 7) NEW FACT S HEE T AVAILAB LE L The D ept . of Ind ian Affair s , w i t h the cooper a t i on of the Unive r s i ty of Maine and the Dept . of E conomi c Deve l opme n t , has re cent ly pre pared the f ir s t En t i t led · Ind i an s o f Maine : in a s er ie s o f " fa c t s he e t s " about Maine Ind ians . the four- page mimeographed pub l icat ion has s e c t ions on Gener a l Information , " Prehi s to r i c Informat ion , " " Cu l tura l and Hi s tor ical Information , " and " The Cop i e s may be ob t ained free-of-charge by wr i t ing to the Dept . Tribe s Today . " o f Ind ian Affair s , S ta t e House , Augu s ta , Maine 04330 . �( 21 ) CATHOLIC DIOCESE ESTABLISHES INDIAN D IVISIO_ PORTLAND (AP) - A Divi s ion o f Indian Servi c e s , a s o ci al. servi c e pro gra.B on Maine ' s three Indian r e s ervation, has b een e s tabli s hed by the Ronan Catho l i e Dioc e s e of Portland . The Dio c e san Bureau of Human Relations will a dr.1ini ster th e new di vi sim • It will supervi s e speci al s ervi ce p rograms and r e s erva ti on p ersonnel , exc ept for chaplains , teach ing personnel and church propertie s . The Dio c e s e s aid Thur sday that the Mo st Rev . Pet e r L . Gerety, adnlini s trator and coad jutor bi shop, had approved the program . (Fro� th e Bangor Da ily News , 11/17/67 ) apo stolic BRAZIL INDIANS Cfm;ATED BRASILIA ( UPI ) - The governne nt asked the Brazilian Congre s s ye st erday for a new law to safeguard Ind ians , afte r inve stigato r s c harged that high­ ranking offi cial s of Brazil ' s Indian Prot ection Servi c e had cheated them o f $4 illlli on . A ne s s age t o t h e Congr e s s from Pre sid ent Arthur Co st a E . Silva a sked for creation of a national Ind ian found ation to repla ce the prot e c tion service . Three of Brazil ' s b e st known Indian autho riti e s are under arrest and the " ad­ m.inistrati ve arre st " of 15 othe r s h as b een ordered fo llowing an inquiry by the Int e rior (police ) IJ.inistry . One of thre e men arr e st ed last weekend was Frandi s co Mierel e s , who pacifi ed the Xavante s tribe , o ne of th e last holdouts agains t civilization, i n the Xingu Valley of t h e .AJJ.a zon j ungl e . A general , a colonel and a �aj or o f the Brazilian .Arny a l s o are implic at ed . ( From th e S t . Petersburg, Fla . , 'N.rtle s , 10/25/67 ) MISCELLANEOUS NEWS - Loretta s . Jendritza o f the Air Fo rce Academy Ho spital i s parti cularly proud of two things . She is a full-blooded Nava j o and r e cently was promoted to t h e rank of r.ia j o r , the fir s t woman of h er tribe to attain thi s rank as an Air For c e nur s e . ( Kenneb e c Journal , 9/30/67 ) - '!h e Eas tern a ine Chapter, Maine So ci ety o f Pro fessional Eng ine er s , in Buck sport o n Octo ber 25th , he ard a t alk by Dr . Dean R. Snow, professor of arch­ aeology of the University of Mai ne . Dr. Snow ' s top i c was "Maine Ind ians of Prehi s to ri c Tirne s . " ( Bangor Daily N ews , 10/28/67 ) - The Portland Sunday Telegram of October 29th announced t h at Mr s . Edwin M. Mi tchell , a metilber of th e Peno b sco t Ind i an Tribe of Ind ian Island in Old Town , wo uld addre s s memb ers of the Franc e s Dighton Williams Chapt er, Daught er s of the .Ameri c an Revolution, on November 3rd . Her topic was announc ed as 11Tue Penob s co t Irrli an Tod ay . 11 - For the first time in Canadian hi sto ry an Indian, Chi e f John Charley, 50, leader of the Loucheaux and hunter-trapper in the Fort McPherso n area , ha s been named a raeraber of the N orthwe s t Territori e s Council . The counc i l , s erving as provinci al g overnment s do e l sewhere in Canada, h ad a cquired it s fir st Eskimo meober, Ab e Okpik, p reviously . ( Provi denc e Sunday Journal , .11/12/67 ) - Kenneth Newell, 30, o f the Ple a sant Point Indian Re servati on at Perry, was seriously wound ed on November 2nd in a hunting ac cident on the Moo s ehorn Wild­ The Newsle tter und erstands th at he is recovering suc c e s s fully . life Refuge . �22 ) _,. ESKIMOS, INDIANS WIN F IREFIGHTJNG PRAISE Fron Augus t 11 to e arly September the Stat es of Montana, Idaho , Oregon, Washington and Cal ifo rnia were shroud e d wi th t h e smoke of i:i.any fo rest. fl re s in one of the �o r st fi re se a so ns in hi sto ry . I n t h e thi ok of that SP.Ioke were mor e t hah 100 Ind i an and Esk:ir.lo fire fighting c rews from Ala ska and every Western state, in addi tion to many Indians working .wi th pi ckup crews organi z ed just for thi s emergency. An example of th e d iversity o f Indian-Esklino crews i s the li st of crews proce s s ed through the Boi se, Idaho , Inter agency Fire Center. The li st included Papago , Pyrani d Lake Paiute, South Dak ta Sioux, Ala ska Native s , San Carlo s Apa ches , Whit e River Apach es , Conso lidated Utes , Sho shone Band s , and North Dakota Sioux. There are 20 to 25 oen in each crew. The s e c rews and nany othe r Indian t ear.is earned unanioou s prai se for · the ir efforts in cont aining the more than 3 , 5 0 fi re s that burned over 200,001 acres of Fede ral , Stat e and private land . Not only did the Ind i an and E skimo c rews turn in s a1e o f the b est work on the fire lines, they h ad the lowest drop out r a te in what is undoubtedly one of the no st di ffi cult , eXhausting and dirty j ob s in exi stence . Singled out for speci a l pra i s e we re the 11 Alask an c rews fighting fires in t h e Glacier National Park area . Park Superintendent Kei th Neilson said the s e teans perfo �e d a treoendous job both in fire fight ing and the mop-up operations . " Their enthu s i a sm, drive and i nitiative nade t heP1 th e acknowledged p a c e setters al.I o st from the tiJ:le of the ir arrival , 11 Neilson said . Seventy-five percent of the Alaskans had never been to the " lower 48" be fore , and the t ri p brought many of them t he i r fir st v iew of a ho rse , a new expe r ience with 90 d egree t empe rature s and high elevation s, and their first ride on a p aved road One Bureau o f Land Manageme nt o ffic ial noted that some lndi an crews had been f ighti ng fire s for 12 years and " are more trained fo r the j ob than some of the pr ofe s sional s . " The se crews h av e earned a natio nal reputation as colorful and t ena cious fir e fighters . The y also earned c onsiderable money to improve thei r loc al e conony and standard of living . Thi s year, for exampl e, th e 466 Papago fire fighters e arned about $1.40, 000. Income on the Pine Ridge, S . D . , Re ser­ vat ion from t h i s sour c e i s e stimat ed at $22�, ooo. The to tal for all Indi an­ E skirno crews will exceed $1 million . ( From Indian Re cor d , Washington, ·D . C . , November 1967 ) • • • • IN'IERESTING CRAF T SHCP JN RHODE ISLAND Willi am H. Glasko i s Nas Ta Bega , "Brothe r to All " and c ertain friandly to me et . Hi s Longhouse ( on Route 2 in Charl estown, R . I . ) i s being sto cked more and more with Ind ian-made produ ct s : baskets by the Iroquoi s and Algonquhs ; beadwork and b askets from the Winnebago ; Navajo weavi ng; legend note card s s creen printed by Mi. emac s ; coppe r and silver froo the Ind i ans around Albuquer­ que ; et c . But t here i s much her e by Nas Ta Bega himself . Although dis couraged by hi s f ath er when art study at th e Rhod e Isla nd School of Design was a po ssib­ ility for h im , h e s till wo rk ed at art and th e craft s on hi s own . He paints in p a stels and pen and ink , make s ring s from d eer antlers (and ) also has intere s ti ng thing s to t ell . . . He i s broth er to Princess Redwing, who has mad e a study o f and l ectured on Indian hi story. Hi s mother ' s line goes back to Simeon Simons, a grand son of King Philip , who was bodyguard to George Washington throughout the ent ir e Revolutionary War ( From Yankee Magazine, July 1967 ) • • • • • • • • • • • • • �Mi..IT II DIAN imWSlE TTER � Pine Street Freeport , Maine 04032 ' EW SUBSCRI PTION POLICY EFFEC TIVE J ANUARY 1, 1968 ..,J - $0. 00/ye ar Non- Indian (Regular ) - $2 . 00/year 11 ( Contributing ) : $5 . 00/ ear 7 11 ( Supporting ) - $10 . 00/year 11 ( Li fetime ) - $50. 00 If you are an IN D IAN , LIVING ON A �SERVATION IN MAINE, now receiving th e Newsletter, no action is required you are known to be an Indi an and will continue to rec e ive raonthly issues free-of-ch arge . Ii' you are an INDTAN , OT LIVING ON A RESERVATION IN AINE, now r eceiving the Newsl et ter, fill out and send in LIVE, now re ceiving the Newsle tter, fill Indian - If you are a NON INDIAN , WHEREVER YOU out and send in the subscription slip (below ) WITH the appropri ate a.count . Subscription charges will become effective in January; the raoney is needed now. the sub scription s lip (below) so you nay continue rec e iving the Newslet ter free-of- c harge . - ALL NEW SU BS CRIBER S , EITHER INDIAN OR . NON- INDIAN, • - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - SHOULD F ILL OUT THIS SLIP. - � - - - - - - - - - - - - I -w:> uld like to receive regular monthly i s sues of th e Main e Ind i an Newsletter : DATE ���---- ADDRESS _ -.....,.St r e et--________c e_ x ) .. _ _ ' ( __ _ , o r Po s t Offl._ Bo """ ( City Subs cription rat e s : State ZIP Co de ) NON:.INDIAN_ IN D IAN__ TRIBE _ _ _ _ _ _ _ AMOUNT � CLOSE� : $�----- Indian -0-, Non-Indian - $2 (Regular ) , $5 ( Contributing ) , $10 ( Supporting ) , $50 ( Li fe time ) Send thi s slip , with your subscription charge , if applic able, to : MAlNE lNDIAN NEWSIETTER Pine Street , Freeport , Maine 04032 �BULK RATE POSTAGE 2 7/8¢ PAID Freeport, Maine Permit No . 33 MAINE nm IAN NEWSLETTER U .S . Pit;le Street Freeport , Maine 04032 RE'IURN REQUES'IED Colby C o l le ge Libr ary Watervi l le , Me . 04901 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Penobscot Description An account of the resource The Penobscot people, who identify closely with the Penobscot River that is their home, have a reservation on Indian Island, near Old Town, Maine. Part of the Wabanaki Confederacy, they were among the tribes that won federal recognition in the 1980 Maine Indian Land Claims Settlement Act. <br /><br />A Penobscot scholar, Joseph Nicolar, was one of the first regional Native people to publish a book: <em>Life and Traditions of the Red Man</em> (1890). Since then, many others have written about their language and culture, including the performing artist Molly Spotted Elk and poet Carol Dana.<br /><br />The Penobscots have a rigorous process for protecting their intellectual property, asking any scholars who are studying or writing about them to communicate with their Cultural Heritage and Preservation Office.<br /><br /><strong>Resources</strong><br /><br />Penobscot Nation <a href="https://www.penobscotnation.org/" target="_blank">website</a><br /><a href="http://www.penobscotculture.com/" target="_blank">Penobscot National Cultural &amp; Historic Preservation Department</a><br /><br /> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <em>Maine Indian Newsletter</em> (Nov. 1967) Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource ssipsis (Thompson, Eugenia) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Colby College Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1967-11 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Julia Brush Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Digital images courtesy of Colby College Library. In making these images available, we also consulted with ssipsis’ daughter, Pam Outdusis Cunningham. Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Document Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource pdf Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DV-466 https://www.dawnlandvoices.org/collections/files/original/fa189324cc2fa0ef3e1254b34e1e2dba.pdf 70dfebf3001f0ccee56e33c85bc0fcb4 PDF Text Text ���������������������� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Penobscot Description An account of the resource The Penobscot people, who identify closely with the Penobscot River that is their home, have a reservation on Indian Island, near Old Town, Maine. Part of the Wabanaki Confederacy, they were among the tribes that won federal recognition in the 1980 Maine Indian Land Claims Settlement Act. <br /><br />A Penobscot scholar, Joseph Nicolar, was one of the first regional Native people to publish a book: <em>Life and Traditions of the Red Man</em> (1890). Since then, many others have written about their language and culture, including the performing artist Molly Spotted Elk and poet Carol Dana.<br /><br />The Penobscots have a rigorous process for protecting their intellectual property, asking any scholars who are studying or writing about them to communicate with their Cultural Heritage and Preservation Office.<br /><br /><strong>Resources</strong><br /><br />Penobscot Nation <a href="https://www.penobscotnation.org/" target="_blank">website</a><br /><a href="http://www.penobscotculture.com/" target="_blank">Penobscot National Cultural &amp; Historic Preservation Department</a><br /><br /> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <em>Maine Indian Newsletter</em> (Nov. 1968) Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource ssipsis (Thompson, Eugenia) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Bowdoin College Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1968-11 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Siobhan Senier Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Digital images courtesy of Bowdoin College Library. In making these images available, we also consulted with ssipsis’ daughter, Pam Outdusis Cunningham. Type The nature or genre of the resource Document Date Created Date of creation of the resource. June 3, 2016 Language A language of the resource English Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource pdf Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DV-367 https://www.dawnlandvoices.org/collections/files/original/5924bb147faeeeff377d1f684ae92109.pdf 95c1f0526663bc0a65ae86387de22848 PDF Text Text �������������������� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Penobscot Description An account of the resource The Penobscot people, who identify closely with the Penobscot River that is their home, have a reservation on Indian Island, near Old Town, Maine. Part of the Wabanaki Confederacy, they were among the tribes that won federal recognition in the 1980 Maine Indian Land Claims Settlement Act. <br /><br />A Penobscot scholar, Joseph Nicolar, was one of the first regional Native people to publish a book: <em>Life and Traditions of the Red Man</em> (1890). Since then, many others have written about their language and culture, including the performing artist Molly Spotted Elk and poet Carol Dana.<br /><br />The Penobscots have a rigorous process for protecting their intellectual property, asking any scholars who are studying or writing about them to communicate with their Cultural Heritage and Preservation Office.<br /><br /><strong>Resources</strong><br /><br />Penobscot Nation <a href="https://www.penobscotnation.org/" target="_blank">website</a><br /><a href="http://www.penobscotculture.com/" target="_blank">Penobscot National Cultural &amp; Historic Preservation Department</a><br /><br /> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <em>Maine Indian Newsletter</em> (Nov. 1972) Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource ssipsis (Thompson, Eugenia) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1972-11 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Bowdoin College Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Digital images courtesy of Bowdoin College Library. In making these images available, we also consulted with ssipsis’ daughter, Pam Outdusis Cunningham. Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Document Date Available Date (often a range) that the resource became or will become available. June 3, 2016 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource pdf Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DV-374 https://www.dawnlandvoices.org/collections/files/original/f6fb41865869eeda223ff6dc2ebf5366.pdf 125f9c496b7365749f85a356ab3fdb45 PDF Text Text TE VOLUME 2, NUMBER 3 October For more than a year - since August 1967 1966 - the Maine Indian Newsletter has been distributed free-of-charge to all interested persons. During that period, the cost of materials and postage has been provided by a few senerous individuals both within and outside of Maine. (The labor of typing, addressing, assembling, mailing, ·etc., has been d onated by considerable numbers of people each month.) It is now time to begin making preparations to see if the Newsletter can be self-supporting. We hope that - for the past 15 months • its readers have seen some value in the publication and - if they have not been completely satis­ fied with it - have been able to see its potential for the future. The Newsletter is intended to benefit Indians and non-Indians alike. We feel that the Tribes of Maine can profit from knowing what other Tribes are doing, thinking and planning. We feel our non-Indian citizens can profit from knowing what the Tribes of Maine - and other Tribes - are accomplishing, and what problems they are facing. We also recognize that our non-Indian readers are very like�y to be better off - economically and socially - than our tribal readers. For this reason we are hoping that they - the people not culturally fortunate enough to be Indians - will be willing to assist us in reaching our Indian readers with as few restrictions as possible. In other words, we are requesting a subscription charge (effective January 1, 1968) of all non-Indian readers, so that �ndian readers, where ever they may be, may continue to receive the Newsletter each month, free-of-charge. We believe that if each non-Indian reader of the Newsletter will contribute a minimum of $2.00 for a year's subscription,.Indian readers may be kept on and added to the mailing list without charge. Naturally, contributions from any Indian readers will be accepted, but they will not be solicited. donations of more than ---c>r as supporting $2.00 Subscription a year from non-Indians, will also be welcomed - contributing� subscriptions - but will not be solicited. The charge for subscriptions will not become effective �til January though some.of· the funds must obviously be collected before that date. ly, no one will be dropped from the mailing list before January. 1968, Certain­ Please turn this page over for a detailed account of how we hope matters will proceed. �(2) -:··-· '} jl /j-01� Q/LC /:"" •••• an INDIAN, i.,., , ) • . . I ;/ I ( a NON-INDIAN ·�,-.. -=:>y·-. ;,·.r· -�';-:-. �:V� � ('; // '\...'.:_) •/ ......_ <_ · 9..� � regardless of -- _ :..._�. � ·; 1 where you live, / t. ?·���,_ • · now receiving the Newsletter '(1 ( , •.•.an INDIAN, living on a � living on j �"'" Reservation in f'., , �...�\ a Reservation Maine, v" .lv in Maine, o 1 - · _ --�A-� • • • • / � ...._ �-.. /""._...l/11 J � now receiving the Newsletter -- DO NOTHING! You are known to be an Indian and will con­ tinue to receive the free-of­ Newsletter charge. now receiving the Newsletter - SEND IN THE SUBSCRIPTION SLIP ON IHE LAST PAGE & IDENTIFY YOURSELF AS AN INDIAN! SEND IN YOUR SUBSCRIP­ TION FEE, BASED ON THE FOLLOWING SCHEDULE, TO­ SUB­ GETHER WITH THE SCRIPTION SLIP ON THE LAST PAGE! You will then continue to receive the News­ letter free-of-ch� - $ 2/year Regular Contributing - $ 5/year Supporting - $10/year Lifetime - $50.00 You will then continue to receive the Newslet­ � each month. NO ONE will be dropped ·from the mailing list for any reason until January ALL SUBSCRIPTION FEES collected before January 1968 wi:µ. entitle the subscriber to a one-year subscription beginning in January. Subscription fees submitted AFTER January 1968 Will entitle the subscriber to a one-year subscription beginning the month after the fee is received. 1968. The above explanation will be presented again in the November and December issues of the Newsletter. However, Indian readers NOT living on Reservations in Maine are urged to send in their subscription slips, identifying themselves as Indians, without delay, so that there will be no possibility of their missing an issue. I Non-Indian readers, on whom we are relying so that the Newsletter may continue uninterupted publication, are urged to send in their subscription fees right awav, so that the )necessary supplies may be bought for next year's issues. New subscribers need only follow the instructions on the last page of this or future issues, depending on which category they fall into. Checks for sub­ scriptions should be made payable to: MAINE INDIAN NEWSLETTER. {No stamps please. ) All subscribers are reminded to include their post office ZIP code together with their name and address; the Newsletters have to be sorted by ZIP code each month before being mailed, to qualify for the bulk mailing rate presently in effect. THE MAINE INDIAN NEWSLETTER Pine Street Freeport, Maine 0403 2 SUBSCRIBE NOW 'IO �- 3 - E I D T MAI.N"E THE O I- R A S· L INDIAN NEdSLETTER EDITOR - - - - BUGENIA. ( THOl'·iAS ) THOMPS ON (Penobscot) The Maine Indian Nensletter is Maine's only state-Hide Indici.n newslettGr, and is free of charge. Ne "IS and stories may be submitted to the Ne�1Slett2r for publicntion at the follo�ing address: Pine Street 04032 865-4253) Freeport, Haine, (Telephone: ·I, Letters to the Editor are welcome but must conform to the rules required by every newspaper. They must bear the writer's correct name and address although pen na�es are permitted at the discretion held from publication on request. of the �ditor. not over 350 All letters �ust words in length. be signed though n��es will be with­ Preference �ill be given to letters Letttrs are subject to condensation or editing when space lifilitations recuire and to corr�ction of gra.lllhler or obvious errors. * • * • * * • • • * • "PRIDE GOETH BEFORE A FALL" Can you imagine a state trooper withholding evidence in court oecause of his pride? and from the (See story on p-ge 17) From what I have read and heard, people I have talked to it an:iears this whole incident \70Uldn ,_ huve occurred if a little more courtesy had been shown on the vart of the police officers. Anyone, it doesn't matt0r who it is, would stop to inquire when he sa17.)1is brother stopped by the police along the side of the road. It was at this But, at any rate, shown point th�t the stories began to differ. no r.au.tter which story is true, if the !;olice had just plain courtesy, if not collli'ilon sense, it is quite evident the later develoLments could have Deen prrivanted. :erheps it w�s pride. After giving testimony in court, the trooper's superior revealed thct because of his pride, the trooper=had not st�ted the entire truth in court. The truth of the matter was, according to his superior, the officer was rendered un�onscious on the roadside. becomes: How many filore facts have been concealed by this officer? Distorted, waybe? How many other incidents of this type have there been on the reservations which have gone unheard of? Francis that The question now .�rder Remember the of2y,are ago which still remains unsolved. There has been a continual indifference toward justice for the Indians. approach seems to be to ignore the Indians. The But then when�he tables are turned and a non Indian has had his pride hurt, at least six police cars with more than a dozen state troopers,n_� deputy sheriffs and game wardens come swarming into the reservation and proceca to search Indian homes viith out search warrants. (Although it was just after 2 police claim they were invited into the homes to search them!) to me that pride is a pretty poor excuse for ignorance, and lack of courtesy. X X X A.N. the It seems. lack of training �- 4 LETTERS To the Editor Indian Relic Collection Dear Editor of Maine Indian Newsle.tter-1 just finished reading the August & Sept. issue of �aine Indian Newslett�r. I am an amature archeologist. 111 Qy experience has been in the field and what home study I have had. I have a collection of Indian artifacts of between seven and eitht thousand· pieces, all collected · within a twenty mile radius of Grand Lake Stream, in .Jashington county, and some of the best and finest work I have ever saw on Indian &rtifacts • . As far as workc1anship I don't believe they could be any better �rnrk I have done on first and secondary chip�ing on arrow, spear, and knife points and work on tools, pendants and effigies. Now about the Ne1slett�r you are putting out, keep up the good work. Its about ti e the }Laine Indian was being recognized. Maine Its too bad sm1e of the peo�) __ e th<:.t think the_ Indian was so backward they should try the Indian's tools that he had when he made his stone tools and wea�ons. There sure would be a lot of ruined flint in piles where thE:-y worL ..ed. I don't iaean there is no white rJan that can 1 t make them because there is tho.t is its about time the did do. The The t11ing I know. Indian got sQ·e credit for whut e Indian could have been friendly and was in n� could do ost c�ses until the white rJan robbed hiw blind and burned every thing he h a d to the ground and hunted hiru down in e�ery way he look at it the By Indian got the rawest deal any I , �eople ever Lot. the way any one inte�ested in the collection I have ar� to coGe and look it over and I will answer any questions any inforiilation Tie way could. I welcome CB.n. Also I can give you or help plea...:;e feel :i.ree to call on., Lle. I think its about time we all begin to recognize the true American. Three cheers for the Maine Indian Newslett'-'r• Keep lJounding the!ll out Editor. Yours sincerely, Brown Ed1vard T. Grand Lake llaine treara, 04637 (#ashington County) Box 431 x x x x x Dear Yrrs. Eugenia Thompson, I received your address from my Island in Old Town, dousin Teresa Sa pier of Indian i'lr;_ine and would aprreciate it very ;11uch if you would incluJe my name on your list of subscribers. Being Indian and not knowing everything I should about my people, I'd like .very much to learn more and be part of �y great race • .My mother, the late Stella F. Tomah Sappier Newell w•.1.s a wember of the Fassaruaquoddy Tribe in Perr·y, people & mine are still there. Maine and quite }tr father, a nw.nber of her the late Peter Leo bappier If you was from �oodstock, N. B. CanaJa and of the Melace�tribe. have any information concerning theJe tito tribes, their custo.s etc., I'd av.reciate your kindness. I h:S.� e had the op�_,ortunity to r�ad one of your Newslet t�rs a.11d was quite int�re�ted �: �n all you had to print. (Continued on p.·.c,e 5) �- 5 ( L"ET 11 n RS, Co t in ue d frotl! page 4) Keep up the good work Mrs. Thompson, and I hope you till on one of those letters & send it down here to Texas. S incere ly, Georgina c. Lubbock, Pa rr e tt put .dy na�e 1 Texas xx xx x Dea r M rs . T homrso n : Enclosed is a small check to cover soJ! c of the cost of publishing The I1aine Indian Newsletter, w hi h I have enjo�ed receivin� for tDe pa �t ye .... r. I don 1 t agree .tith sor:.e of the o·l:1inions _you see . . · to hold u. c but I think the NINL is a distinct contribution to the cause. I just \Yish more le read it. I ahl a ta p y e r but not a r e sident . � peop x a. Yours truly, �·hlwot �. J o ne.s Fhiladel�hia, �enna. xx xx x Dear L.rs. Thompson: First of all, _ �ould like to congratulAte you on the tiwe and effort you expend in editing t ;e qualit y i. ub li a.t ion , ri- ine In<li,_n News­ letter. I feel thc.t it fills a great need in ·l'..'rOLi.10tL1g und er · t�1ding about the -�ine Indian and �ill of the state. g go a lo n c way in waking up the people I am cu rr e ntly editor of our church ne1slettcr, ( Unitari n-Univ"'rsalist ) and aw about to initictt �rish Messenger 11Conce:cn Corner" T�e ea or so�ething suitably na�ed in wbich I hope to point out areas of social concern, o ath I locally and beyond. Ho - periodically­ nd er� d i· you would ,give me permission to inv'ite .uie ·1bers and friends o f our church to Several of us hav� subscribe to t�e neJslett�r you pu�lish. for the years � nd, becau�e of this, in the :Maine Indians. but bee1 hosts :iassamaquoddy youngsters who have visited Bruns�lick the }:a.st few many in the church have taken �n intere.t I notice that you have invited peroons to subscribe h I hesitc.ted to include t e information without checking with x yo'.l first because I didn't know how widely you wished to e t e nd tlle i nv ita­ tion and if -perhaps - you would in order to carry on your work. not need to ask for I would a �reciate hearing from you regardin0 this you my best \ishes in carrying on the proje t you a subscri},tion fee x att d r and e t e h ave nd to so ably undertaken. s1ncerely yours, Mrs. Philip 8. Brunswick, (Editor's note: free to tell Johnaon 1-iaine i�s Johnson and a ny of our other re ·ders may feel others about the �ewslettar. a subscription fee, Soon we will be c harg ing but even until then the more p eo n le we can send the Newsletter ta, the more people there ·.�dll be ·�tho nre .. aware !.of Iilclii'nsandtJ:oerha - arthe oor� the . aine undarstanding_,·rn. v1ill. be_ aele ·to generate. ( Continued on pcige 6) �(L-:::'l.'f -TI::> Continued from page 5) - 6 - Gentlemen: I would appreciate your forwarding to De a copy of yo�r 1c�1slettL�. I feel that some of our teachers in soci&l studies clasu�a would find some very helpful matvrial in it. I attended a meeting in Bangor ye&terday and h2d the o� ortunity of hearing Hr. Hinkley speak on Indian Affairs and at the y_u<::::.tio11 and answer period he suggested if anyone would care to receive a co�'Y of your news­ letter to write to Freeport. Thank you. Yours truly., i�s. Fleanor C. Chapin Secretary dams •chool Fortland, Ha.ine x x x x x (This is a good cross section of the letters vrn received this JtiOnth. Ne would be gla to hear from you regarJing your opinions, ideas and cowwents. 1-Editor ' * * * • • * * • Early Peace Treaties (The following excerpt from the book·, Maine Indians In History, is further evidence showing what finally turned our Indian ancestors against the non Indian. Several treaties were signed Jitu the English by the Indians liv.ing in Maine. On one sucl1 occ<...csion, desc1�ibed below, other white men burned the Indian villeGe nnd destroyed the "'-.:. crops of the Indians. It is interesting to note thCLt while it .ras a coiill.non trait of the Great :'hite Fathers to hold one b nd of Indians accountable for the act of other tribe-s in the SO..ule area, in the incident before us now, the English disclaim ali res9onsib�lity for the acts of the looters. -Editor.) "Assiminasqua, a Kanabas sachew upon beint; su1..lli1oncd by the "Snglish to a peace conference said: ' It is not our custom when mes�eng�rs corue to trea.t of peace, to seize upon their persons, as soketili1es do the Mohawks do; yea, as the Engli0h have done, seizing upon fourteen Indians, our men, �ho went to treat .1ith you - setting � guard over them, and taking anay their p:-unG. This io not all, but c.. uecond ti.1e you required our guns, and demanded us to coile to you, or else you would kill us. · This wa,_ the cause of our leavinr�· both our fort and our corn, to our great loss. ' 'This speech greatly e.111barrased the English, out they tried to explain that the white men who had done this were not within their ' jurisdiction and they were, . therefore, not accountable to them. ' '' * * • • • • • • * * * D ID YOU KNO·J THAT Count Frontenac tarnished his and his peo les na; :e by the murder and torture of two unfortuna�e ±roquois captives (1696) at Montreal2 Did you know that the United States Governuent is based on the Government of the Iroquois Nation and not on any European Goverru�ent? �- 7 He Says He Loves His Red Children We have heard the talk of our great father; BROTHERS: He says he loves his red children. it is very kind. "Brothers, when the white man fir.:.t cai•1e to the Ge Ghor.;s the Indians gage him land and kindled fire to faces of the south 0hen tl1e pale ake him comfort�ole. (Spaniards) would have taken his scalp, our young men dren the toraahawk and protected hi.111. rrBut when the white illan had \armed himself at the Indian's r'ire, and He had filled himself with the Indian's hominy, he oeca.�e very large. stopped not at the mountain tops, and his foot covered the plains end valleys. His hands grasped the east.ern Clnd W8st:;rn seas. Then he became our Great Father. He loved his red c�ildren but said, 'you must move a little farther, lezt by accident I tread upon you.' 11-dith one foot he pushed the re other he trampled do\m man across -che Oconee, and with the the graves of our fathers. But our grec:..t Father Etill loved his red children, and soon made the.Lil another talk. ' He said much but it all meant, 'Nove a little farther; you are.too near me.' I have }}ear _ wany talks from our Gren t Father,_ and they all bee;an and ended the saw.e. ./hen .lle ;uaue us a taJ.k on <- f or:::ler occasion, he said, 'Get a little farther; go beyond the Ocon�e and t�e Ocmulgee there is a pleasant country.' He also said, 1It shall be yours "Brothers: forever.' ;; ow he says, 'Th-.; land you live upon is not yours. Go beyond the iris­ sissippi; there is gawe; there you may remain vhile tLe grass e;rows and the rivers run.' "Brothers: \'/111 not our Great Father corue there als o?, He loves his red children and his tongue is not forked." ·--Speckled Snake, a Creek Chier, s�e�king to the Creek National Council in 1836. Franklin Corn) (Taken from Red Clay �nd Rattlesnake Springs, by James • • • • • • • * • * • Book Review The book Red Clay and Rattlesnake Spring� and depicts the history bf the Cherokees. 108 pages of the book, �as �ritten by Jfiles F. Corn Although I haven't cownleted the it a.·pears to be something anyone interested in Indians in general or the Cherokees in 1articulur Hould want to re�d. The book may be purchased for $1. 50 which includes �)ostat;e, by writing o James F. Corn, P. O. Box 67, Village Office .3uilding, Cleveland, Tennessee 37311. �r. Corn is president of the Cherokee Red Clay Association. of the ll.ssociation is to make a perJj1anen � The plan historic - ark of shrine of tihe famous last Council Grounds and spring of the Cherokees in the eust located in the south �nd of Bradley County, Tennes�ee, just north of the villdge of Red Cl·y, Georgia. The book contains stories and incidents of the Cherokees and the lives of several of their important men are interestingly depicted. �- 8 - A bit of Maine's Aboriginal history lies neglected on the· banks of the Kennebec River here, visited only by an occasional fisherillan or hunter. But already is showing signs of vanealism. It is a slate ledge located about a quart�r 1Jile south of the bridge that takes Route 201 across the river. The 16 foot outcropping of grey green slate contains 1Jore than 100 carvings of figures - believed to be the work of &n 1.,.beno..k i IndL. n at least two centuries ago. The rock writings, or petroglyphs, are the least known of tuo exten­ sive collections to have been found in IVkine. Clark's Point.at Machias�ort. The ot,__ er is locc::. ted on Chiseled out of the rock are fig;ures of canoes, dwellin6s, b.irds, animals and strange half an iuial-half human creatur..:.:s. The drawings supi-::ios-.:.lly tell a story of e_trly Intli2.n .Life in .iaine. But so far as is kl1mvn no one has succa...,s · ully transla teu theo. Some, hmvever, s�-- signs of y;ossible Frencl. iniluence, ca�vings may date to the 17th or 18th centuries. speculated the carvinGS tell the English. a inuicatii.1£, tlie Some have also tale.of French and Indian battles against The carvings uere viewed recently by .:/hite Nichols of ./iscc:.sset, who has been expl-0ring the region in search for artifacts of )Jenedict Arnold 's Revolutionary '"iar Expedition to '.:'uebed. The �ock w�� Kennebec. passed by�rnold's raen in their ill - fated trek up the Nichols first learned of the petroglyptls fro� his mother, who grew up in the region before the turn of the century. he is urging steps be taken to preserve the mysterious stone aark­ ings for future generations ans as vart of the attractions of a proposed recreation of Arnold's route to �uebec. Though the rock bearing the carvines can be seen fro� tbe bridge that carries Route 201 across the Kennebec, at Solon, only an unmarked trail leads to the site. And a casual visitor ilright miss the carvings co11pletely even after finding; the ·1roper rock. It has been heavily eroded from deca:les of flowing ice and water �nd froill the annual log drives that forracrly were corilmon. Most researchers use chalk to trace the outlines for study and �hoto­ graphing. But experiments by Nichold and co��anions reveal white lime carefully brushed on and the surrlus blown away works as well, qith � less chance of confusing a natur l fissure in the rock ':iitll carving. The chiselled areas being made with crude instruiuents and hold tbe dust. ·�>art of a are roush Marks froQ natural erosion are s,Joother and the lime readily blows away. The Itaglio r.iark.inr;s c.tre about three - ei;;hth of e.n inch dee:_J and Nichols speculates the the task. Far� Indian who drew them may have s�ent months at vhile another section has of the scenes appear to show a hunt, been interpreted as a crude map. Included is a distinct square object that a;:''.:ears to be a building. Several crosses are plainly discern�o1e. Other s�illbols can be seen, but their meaninbs are less clear. mhe carvings are located on t:'e west bank of the river wl1ere the stream bends sharply_. * * * (From Portland Sunday Telegram, * ... * . * By Hobert C. * * . • Cum�in�G, Oct. 15, 19 67. ) �- 9 ·rHE RIG.uT TO EE INDI.1-J� justice ( Indians in Maine are not �lone= in suffering the inequities of the iJe are referring s:iecifically to from the State courts. death of two years ago �here Francis, Passamaquod�y a Peter Francis Indian, ucls beaten and left blee.ding in the road to die by several i'-Iassachussetts hunters. One of the hunters was brought to trial for i.lcJ.nslw.ughter and aquitted. ;:Jhen the decision was handed doun in the state court it 11..as re}Jorted It sbould be t�ere was applause from the 1ashington County ppectators. pointed out that this attitude does not reflect the attitude however Washington County citizens, the present Indian case, reported elsewhere in the NeDsletter, Don Coatesworth Gellers has motioned for County) • a • ) The follo�ing is an excerpt Schusky and deals with similar Indians to acce1Jt t:-1e the reluctance of Attorney charige of venue �o Cuillberland so that a fair trial can be assured. from The Ri.i:;ht To Be I ndian by Ernest L . situations. -Editor ". af all it is prevalent enough so that in justice .. < rnd legal process of the surrounding society is l�igLtencu by their tre2trucnt in the out.side world. Oliver LaFarge has noted a nuiubor of sl1ocking cases of injustice done to ti1e Indicns in stc..te courts. Only a few of his instances are necessary to �oint up tbe Indians' fe2r of treatwent in courts rrhere civil richts are sup�oseJly gu-ranteed. la.ins Indian North Dakota tak..:-s its nar.le from one of the Grc":t tribes. There not long ago • • • . n Indic..n n.::•111ed �h lli.::t !Jl De·_.erce - was drinking -.;ith t\ o non- Indicrns, stabbed to death. DISORDBBLY CONDUCT. E.is co upanions got NiiJE·rY DJ�YS In one .South Dakota tom, policewan challenged hiru. in the gutter, 1.rnuncl.eJ., e.n then, as he lay no action was ta�0n aiainst the 1�s powerless to get such as the recent killing of a Sioux nauied Broken Rope by a local chief of police, case cannot be madet conclude that, �"-'-S FOR r·n up and finished him off with two more The Indian Service investigated but officer. anything done. Incidents occur, De.1erce ... �P IECE Indian fai1:ed to 6top "ne night when a The policeaan shot hie; So far as we can learn, shots. l'Jicho..Lc:s Ra1.1os cll1d .!1lc<:rio into a fi�4ht in the course of 01hicl1 ,oc They Garcia. in which a clear legal but one who reads the &ccount. is forced to had the subjects been white oen, they dould not have been so used. ore clear-cut is an incident involving a hr. Fred Stotts. Stotts was in his howe \hen he seized a �2sebc:ll bat, across the streat, over the Hr. and bashed a Sioux Stotts disliked Mr. does not tell why. where , nawed Georr.e .eCJ.. d so hard he crushed his sl'":ull. Mr. Left Hand Bull, Left Hand Bull !e lile.y assurue that but the availc.::.ble record Stotts had the Sioux tos.sed in tne clink without medical attentioL, he Jied the next day. man was arrested and charged 11ith manslau,:..,hter for •·rhich, course, he received a 'r.10· Y-.C ... _R having pleaded guilty, SENT-:NcE. x x x The white in due '"'UB: ..f:DE.D x x Next month the Negsletter will pre�ent an article on Legal Assistance, !•1r. ran out and line Tree 1hich may eventually prove a benefit to the Indian. �- 10 CHRI6TMl S CARDS By Indian And Eskimo Artists Christfilas cards designed and offer.u for Sele by individual Indian artists are reported av ...ilable frou che following sources for tl1e 1967 Christmas season. Unless otherwise noted, cards may be ordered dir0ctly from the artist, and all reque ts tor prices and or�er should be addressed directly to each source. Clara Archilta (Kiowa-Apache) Box 27 Apache, Oklahom� 73006 Hand made; various designs available. xxx Fred Beaver (CreGk) 437 Locust Street, N.�. Ardmore, Oklahoma 73401 Printed; eight designs available. Dennis Belindo (Kiowa-Navajo) 2941 S. fl. 52nd Street Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73119 Hand made and Printed; twelve designs available. xxx Gloria M. Cheshewalla (Osage) Route 1 Pawhuska, Oklahoma 74056 Handilla<le; Order frow: Clifton's Gift Shop, 118 East Main, Pawhuska, Oklahoma 74056 xxx Marcel J.· Darling (Pottawatomi) 1808 North Atlanta Court Tulsa, Oklahoma 74110 Printed; hand colored; six deoigns available. xxx Tom Clayiaore (Sioux) P.O. Box 598 Fort Thompson, South Dakota 57339 Hand made. xx x Eulamae N. Doonkeen (Seminole) 1 6 0 8 N. �. 35th Street Oklahoma City, Oklc..homB. 73118 frinted; s i x <le�i�ns avctilable. Order frofil: Alco Frinting Co��any, 1612 N. .J. 4th Street, OkL:homa City, Okla­ hor.ia 73118 x x x Brummett Echohawk (:Pawnee) P.O. Box 1922 Tulsa, Oklahona 74101 Printed; four Je�igns available. Order frow: Leanini:; 1i'ree, Box 1500 Boulder, Colorado 00301 xx x Leroy Falling (vherokee) ::Jox 188 Kayenta, Lrizona 86303 frinted; three designs available. x xx -;ihite Bear Fredericks (Hopi) Box 162 Oraibi, Arizona 86039 Hand watle �n� Pri1ted. Order from: Saga, Inc., 706 Second $treet, F.d. Albuqu·...:rque, iJ,;HJ 1'1exico C7101; Northl.... nd rress, Flagstaff, Arizona 86001. xxx �esley Green, Jr. (Winnebago) �innebago, Nebraska 68071 Printed; four designs available. Order from: Miss Bernice Tegeler, :L3ox 158, :/innebago, Nebraska 68071 xx x (Continued on · ·ar--4·e 11) �- 11 Norbert S. Hill (Oneida) Route 1 Oneida, qisconsin 54155 Frinted; five designs available. Terry �-.:>.t Lrson 407 Educ rds Big Spring, Texas 79720 Band LJade. xx x william A. Johnson (Hoopa) RFD 118 Fiesta Drive Or· and Beach, Florida 32074 Frinted; four designs available. xx x Yeffe Kimball (Osage) 11 Dank Street New York, New York 10014 Hand made. Order from: National Aid To �he Visually Handicapped, 175 Fifth ive. , New York, NeN York 10015 xxx Earl Liveroore (Blackfeet) 1619 Clement San Francisco, California 94121 Printed; t,10 designs availc. ble. .. xxx Florence i1alegotkuk (Eskimo) Gambell, Alaska 99742 Hand roade. xx x Kivetoruk !loses (Eskiwo) Box 814 Notle, klaska 99762 Printed; various designs. (Cherokc .j) xxx J. D. Roybal (San Ildefonso Pueblo) 1, Box 306 San Ildefonso Pueblo, New Mexico 87501 Hand made. R.R . xxx Carl A. Vicenti (Jicarilla-Apache) 6923 Quander Road Alexandria, V�rginia 22307 Printed; nine designs available. xxx Harry Jalt0rs (Navajo) P.O. Box 4L:.7 Kirtlctnd, New i�xico 87417 Hand Fade. xxx Ruth�. ihite (�ac and �ox) Box 355 �est Point, California 95255 Hand wade; five dasigns �vailable. x x x Dolores 3akin (Spokane) 20 d. i'l.lbany ·.treet Oswego, New York 14802 IIand ri.acle. xxx xxx Ho�ell Orr (Chickasaw) 238 Harmon, Apt. lA Las Vegas, Nevada 89100 Printed. xxx Chethlahe �aladin (N&vajo) P.O. Box 924 Sedona, Lrizona 86336 Frinted; six designs available. Order from: Saga, ffinc. , 706 Second it., N.J. Albuquerque, Neu Mexico 87101 The Penobscot and rassamaquoddy do not have Christfilas cards designed by themselves, but a visit to any of the reservations here in Maine will reveal many inexvensive hand made gift items. xxx If any Penobscot or Passamaquoddy Indians do have any unique itews available for ChristL.Ias - just write the Newsletter telling us what you have, and we'll pass the word along to our readers. �- 12 ORGANIZA'11I01'7S The rollowing arganizations also list Christ as c-..rc.s by Indian c..nd Eskimo artists available for t he 1967 ChriGtmas sea�on. Pequests for prices and orders shou�d be address0d directly to e ch source. Alaska Native Arts and Crafts Cooperative Association, Inc. Box 889 Juneau, Alaska 99801 (Printed; by Pauline Ayurprum (Eskimo) Luseum of t he i�rJerican Indian Broa.duay e.t 155th ,'-Jtreet 1ifew York, Neu York 10032 (Prin�ed; sixteen designs available..:) x x x x x x Ap�che Summit Enter�rise P.O. Box 176 Mescalero, Ne� f�xico 88340 (Printed) Oklahoiila Indian 1- rts and Crafts Cooperative Box 749 Anadarko, Oklaho;..ia 73005 (Hand lil&de and Printed; by Indi_n artists of the area. ) x x x Inc. l�ntana 59526 (Frinte�; by Frank Cuts The Rope (Gros Ventre) ) . Ka-Eyta, x x x Harlem, Sells Hospital Service 1r1omen P.O. Box 66 Sells, Arizona 85634 Frinted; two designs available, oy David Sine (Apache) . x x x Lul.illtli Indian Arts and Crafts Marietta, .�ashington 98268 (Hand made and Printed. ) x x x x x x • * * * • * * * • • • * * * • * The National Congress of American India11s publish t he NC1tI Sentinel. They ask that all tribes In the most recent issue (Late .Tinter 1967) quickly put one of their brochures on tourism into an envelope and send Next summer a speci�l issue of the Sentinel will be it in to them. published dealing wholly with t ourism. If the Governors of the tliree reservations in 1·1aine will send any information in to the Newsletter regarding their ceremonies, special events and campgrounds etc, t he Newsletter will forwµrd this information But hurry before it is too late. on. x x x Il\1DIAN x x x x HEAD The carving of an Indian head has been found on a grani t e outcropping The carving on a high bank above the Harraseeket ·River in Freeport. is just outside the home o f Hr. John Loth on the Bartol Island Road and wks not discovered until the st one was being clea�ed of dirt, moss and pine needles. 'A part o f the Loth home has stood on the property for many years and it is believed that a former occupant did the carving, �Jr. Loth believes Although the carving is disce.rnable it shows we�r. the carving is o f no real significance except as an indication of the carver's p�obable interest in this time consumi�g work. · �(13) FEDERAL A ND S TATE OFF ICIALS START P..E SERVATION TOUR �UGUS TA (AP) - Feder al and s tate o ff i c i a l s s t [ :. t .d a tour '"!_!� s day :i.n which t hey wi l l go to Ma ine ' s Ind ian r e servat ioµs to discu s s prob lems of Ind ian emp l oyment . The Ind ian governor s and tribal coun c i l s wi l l par t ic ipate in the talks , and the ob j e c t is to work ou t a program whi ch wi l l o_ua l i fy for a gran t from the U . S . Labor Depar tmen t for . r e s erva ti.on program:; un d er the depar t ­ men t ' s Human Re sour c e s D eve lopment plan . The trip s tar t e d at the Ind ian Is land ( Penob s co t ) R e s ervat ion Tue sday . l e dne s day i t wi l l be at Pr inc e t on and Ind ian Town ship and Thur s day at Ple asant Point . On the trip are Orval Packard , a Sioux Ind ian on the s t a f f of the Bur eau of Emp loymen t Servi ce s of the Labor D epar tmen t , and Jame s Schoentha ler , Ma ine Plan s manpower coord inator in the Maine Divi s ion o f Economic Oppor tun i t y . are to have Packard me e t b r i e f l y Fr iday w i t h Gov . Cur t i s and Commi s s ioner Edward Hinckley o f the Indian Affairs D epar tment . The Governor has t o ld the Ind ian governor s he w i l l inc lude in hi s s pe c i a l ses@ion� b�dget ; r e que s t s t o t a l ing $ 304 , 800 for water supp ly and s ewerage pro ­ He said t h i s wou ld qua l i fy for a comb ined amoun t j e c t s on t he re serva t ion s . approximate ly e qual tha� from var ious feder al ag �n c i e s . And he added that comp l e t i on o f wa ter and s ewerage pro j e c t s wi l l make it po s s ib le to deve lop federal hous ing pro j e c t s on the reservation s , almo s t e n t irely with feder al money . (From the Bangor D ai ly News , 9/ 27/ 67 . The News let t er und er s t and s tha t Mr . Packard ' s ini t ia l intere s t in the emp loyment ne eds of Maine Ind ian s r e s u l ted from a vis i t to the thr e e r e s erva tions , and talks with the three Tr ibal. Gover­ nor s , by Mr . John Be l indo , i·Tashing ton o f f i ce d ire c tor o f the na t ional Congre s s The s chedul ing o f the trip o f Amer i can Ind ians , whi ch took place in June . was worked out by the Divis ion of Economi c Oppor tuni ty after the Ind ian Communi ty As s i s t ance Commi t t ee repor t to Governor Cur t i s iden t i f ied empl oyment as be ing Commi s s ioner Hinckley me t one main area of conc ern of the tribal leader s . with Mr . Packard and Mr . Schoen tha ler on the former ' s arrival in Maine on September 2 5 th . - Ed . ) EAS TPORT MAN PUT U1 COUfJ'IY JAIL CALAIS - An Eas tport man was cormni t te d to the coun ty j a i l when arraigned in d i s tr i c t cour t her e Monday b efore Judge John M. Dud ley of Calais on a c harge of operat ing a mo tor vehic le whi l e under the in fluence o f in tox i cat ing l i quor . The man , .Jvlurray P . Emery , 6 3 , p le aded innocen t , but was found gui l ty and sen tenced t o pay a $ 1 50 f ine and receive a 10-day suspens ion of hi·s l icens e . Emery appealed to the Oc tober t erm of Superior Cour t and in l ieu of $ 300 bonds he was commi t ted to the coun ty j ai l . The complainan t was Trooper Ar lo Lund A t torney D on Ge l ler s of Eas tport repre sented the d efendan t . of Pembroke . See s t ory on Page 19 of the (From the Bangor Dai ly News , 9/ 27 /6 7 . Augu s t - September News l e t ter . - Ed . ) HUMOR IN .UNIFORM A fr iend was g iving a l e c ture on the mi l i t ary tac t i c s o f encir c l emen t In a darkened room he pro j e c ted a n i l lu s t rat ion o f t h e Amer ican and ambus h . Ind ian s f ight ing the U . S . Cavalry . F rom somewhere in the room came a voice saying , "It won ' t work . " The ins truc tor proceeded wi th his l e c ture , and again the vo i c e boomed , " I t won ' t work . " A GI My friend turned on the l ight and asked who the commenta tor was . from Ok l ahoma , a fu l l-b looded Comanche , s tood up and s aid , "My grandfa ther tried it , and i t won ' t work . : i ( Jon N . Free land , Columbia , Mo . ) (From the Reader s ' D ige s t , Oc tober 1967) �(14 ) PAVILION WITH A PUNCH by Fred Miller, OMI ( Thi s arti cle , cont inue d from the August-September Newsl et ter , is repri nt e d from t h e Canadian Indian Rec ord , and d e s c ribes the Indians of Canad a pavU j 0n at Montreal ' s Expo 1 67 - Ed . ) The s choo l s set up for th e Ind ian peo pl e ignor ed their language. In­ stead of t he t e ache rs le arning the language o f the country, they impo s ed a new l anguage upoh th e c hild ren. Even to day, as the pavilion points out, the textboo ks are g eared to th e culture o f the whit e ch ild who liv e s in our cit i e s in a n ent irely di fferent way of life frora t h e ma jority of Indian children . Dick and Jane are fo reign to their mentality, culture and language • • • • " Th e reserve i s the home of our Spirit s . " By t hi s phra s e t h e Indi an s are pro t e sting against th e spoilation of their cultural heritage by a people - our selve s or our anc estors - who have lacked the s e n sitivity to appr eciate how much this means to th em . The reserve is the one pla c e where t h i s cultur e has managed to retain some of its original flavor • • • • The re of us who have worked among them and "walked in th ei r mo c c asins " know the fru strati ons wit h wh i ch th ese peo ple have liv e d . We entertain a great sympathy and re spect for them . But we reali ze that in thi s rapid ly changing wo rld great adj ustment s are still requ ired of t h en ii' they are not to remain a forgotten p eo ple . "We want to live our own life on our own land • • • • give us the ri gh t to manage our own a ffairs . " Here lie s the crux o f the probl em and the root o f t he Indian d i s content . They are a people Who b elong to t he land . It hold s for them their identity as a p eJ ple . Having been de spoiled of a country t hey cling pass ionately to their pa rcels of land wh i ch the y hold by law or treaty, " a s long as t h e sun shine s and the ri vers run down to the s e a . 1 1 The manner of d eal in g wi th t he Indi ans by th e vari ou s gov ernment s of Canada over t he year s has und e rgone s erious critical re-examination during the past f ew ye ars . From an overly prote c tive attitude in 'Wh ich all the deci sions affe c ti ng the Indian s w e re made fo r them, the government has f inally re cogni zed But long-establ ished the principal of self-determina ti o n fo r t he Indi an . De cis ions are still being custom ha s inhibited th e c arrying out of this id eal. mad e which ignore the feeling s of the people and no serious attempt ha s ever b e en ma de to help t hem regain their cu ltural heritage and their language . The attitude thus c onveyed to the India n i s t h a t , in the eyes of t he wh iteman, t he s e things are of no :i.mpo r:t an c e . The consequent breakdown in cormnuni cations is the r eal m es s age o f th e Ind ian p avilion • • • • • ( From Indi an Re cord, Winnipeg, Canada, Sept embe r 1967 ) BOOK REVIEW " Lo s t Heritage of Alaska, " by Polly and Leon Gordon Miller, World Publishing Co . The " lo st h eritag e " to whi ch the authors devo t e their book i s the indig­ Beginning with the Rus si an s , early enous culture of Alaska ' 9 coastal Indi ans . travelers who v i s i t ed t he region were astoni shed by the b eautiful and sometimes The authors, a husband-and­ barbari c arts and art i fa ct s of the native trib e s . wife t eam, emphasi z e that th e Unit ed Stat e s acquired Alaska at a time when Indian art s we re in full flower, only to s e e them go into swift d e cline under educ ation and an entirely new morality. In that sens e , thi s book fulfill s a valuable fu nction, sinc e· it tra c e s the development of Indian art s a n d c rafts and t heir relationship to a tribal The book draws heavi ly o n early writings and clo s e s way of lif e now vanished . the influenc e of Chri st ianity, ( Continued o n Page 15 ) �(15 ) (Continued from Page 14 ) with an examination of what survives of the original c ultur·e. 7l:P. il.J.:,:_ 3 !:,r .:1.­ tions are many and first-rate. This i s an authorative study in a neglected field . (Submitted by a reader . ) "UGH ! 1 1 ME ANS HIPPIE IlJ PUEBLO by Tom Tiede AREA The sign on the gate says "No Trespassing . 1 1 On the other s ide there is a deeply rutted road which twi sts a hot quarter-mile toward the · base of a small featureless mountain. Thi s, su ch as it is, is Hippieland , U . S . A The dozenpsychedelic families wh i ch have homesteaded here in northern New Mexico have no friends at all . In the past f ew months they have manq.ged to alienate nearly everyone in sight On arrival, the hippie men stripped to the waist and the hippi e women strapped their babies on their backs . The idea was simple . They had decided to imitate nearby Indian tribes both physically and philosophi cally. Explained one of them: 11 We want to get close to nature. " After examining all of the available nature in the region, th e hippies bought 103 acres of it in nearby Aroyo Hondo (for $22, 000 ) . Their bead-bedecked leader told the seller his band was out to 'build a better wo rld . " The b etter W'.)rld began with tepees. Using poles chopped from pine trees and canvas purchased in stores , the hippies constructed 11 wigwams, a few hund red feet apart, in the shade of their nearby hill Ironically, even the area Indians are adversely concerned about their imitators. The Pueblos frankly feel that their tribe is being slandered . "Only an Indian c an be an Indian, " scoffs Pueblo-born Tony Naylor . "The hippies are not good Indians. They aren ' t even good white men . I think they are only parasite s like the fleas on t he dog. " other Indians are equally critical. Pueblo spokesmen point out that hippie Indi an similaritie s simply don ' t exist . They explain that Indians are cle an and neat, while the hippies are sloppy and uncaring; that Indi ans are oriented to an o rderly soc iety while hippies tend toward anarchy or worse As far as both Indian s and whites are concerned, the only close-to-nature word that adequately de scribes the hippie homesteaders i s : "Ugh ! " (From the Bangor Daily News, 9/20/67 ) - .. NEw:.BUFFALO, N . • (NEA ) - • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • - • • • • PLEASANT POINT RESERVATION HOUSlli G AUTHORITY NAMED On Septe:nber 25th, Ple asant Point Governor Jos eph Mitchell, with the advice and co nsent of his Tribal Council, appointed the following commi ssioners to the Pleasant Point Pas samaquoddy Reservation Housing Authority, for the tenns indicated : Rev. Bernard Nicknair (5 year s ) , Eugene J . Franci s (4 years ) , Andrew J . Dana (3 years ) , Fred Franci s (2 years ), and David Francis (1 year ) . These appointments were made under poWar8� granted to the Tribes by the Maine Indi an Housing Authority law as amend ed by the lOJrd Legi slature, and mark th e first steps in the Tribe s s long-range program to improve hous ing and sanitation conditions at Ple asant Point . The Penobscot Governor and Council appointed that Tribe ' s hou�ing authority in August ( see last month 1 s Newsletter ) and the Indian Township Governor and Council are contemplating similar action. DID YOU KNOW THAT John Nicholas, former Pleasant Point Housing Aide for the Passamaquoddy Community Action Program, has been named Assistant Program Director of the CAP? His Housing Aide posi tion has been filled by Andrew Dana, of Pleasant Point. Daniel Francis was recently named Economic Opportunity Aide at Pleasant. Point . �(16) S PECIAL SESS IOIJ ADVAHCE S H!DIArJ PROGRAMS The spe c i a l s e s s ion of the 103rd Leg i s l a tur e c.;. l l ed Ly Gove i:-nor 1':.ean e t h Cur t i s , o n Oc toter 2nd and 3rd r e s t ored to the D epar tment of Ind ian Affair s impor t an t sums which had not been approved in the regular s e s s ion , or in the Sept ember 1 2 th d e f ea t of the 8 th b ond i s sue , submi t ted to a s t a t e -wide r e f eren­ dut;n . The Depar tmen t r e c e ived approval and fund s , e f fec t ive January 1 , l96r. , to hire a S o c i a l Porl�er for the Ca l a i s f i e l d of fice , and a Deputy Commi s s ioner ( Hous ing and Cons truc t ion ) and Cl erk-S teno ( to be a s s igned the D epu ty Commi s s ioner· f or the cen tral o f f ice in Augu s t a . As Commi s s ioner Edward Hinckley had told t he Leg i s l a t ive Appropr iat ions Commi t t e e during the regular s e s s ion , the in­ volvement o f the Depar tment and the : �e s ervat ions in feder a l ly- a s s i s t ed hous ing and san i t a t ion programs wi l l demand the fu l l - t ime a t ten t ion of one per son at the Augu s t a o f f i c e ; �Ir . Tony Ka l i s s , an employee o f the Ame rican Friend s Service Commi t te e , as s igned to the D epar tmen t , has been ac t ing in the capac i ty o f Hous ing and Con s truc t ion Of f ic er s ince Augus t 1 , 1966 . . The n e e d for a Social Worker po s i t ion for the Ca lais ( Pa s s amaquoddy ) fie ld o f f ice - in add i t ion to the pre sent Ind ian Deve lopment Spec iali s t �!..' agetidl ) po s i t ion already a s s igned there - had b e en documen ted by Hinckley when he pointed out that the current Pa s s ama quoddy cas e - load i s abou t 1 10 ca s e s - more than twice t he number of c a s e s a s ing l e s o c i a l we l fare worker is normal ly suppo sed t o hand l e . The Leg i s l a ture approved the s e po s it i on s , with the n e c e s s ary suppor ting fun d s for trave l , incr ea s ed o ff ice supp l i e s and expen s e s , e t c . , for t he 6 months o f f i s c a l year 1 9 6 7 - 1 9 6 8 , beg inn ing January 1 , 1968 and for the s econd hal f of the b i en ium (Ju ly 1 , 1968 - June 30 , 1 9 69 ) . Equa l ly impor tan t , the special aess ion appropr iated to the Depar tment o f Ind i an Affair s $ 30l� , 800 as the S ta t e ' s share o f t h e con s truc t ion cos t s o f s ewage and wa t er fac i l i t i e s on the 3 Res erva t ion s ; the s e amount s had been inc luded in Along with the funds ; t he 8 th bond i s sue whi ch llas defeated on Septembe .c 1 2 th . the Legi s l at ur e au thor i zed the tran s fer of t he s e monie s to the 3 individual R e s eryat ion Hous ing Aut hor i t i e s , when organ i zed , to 1 1match11 wi th an ticipated F ederal fund s from 4 d i f f er e n t government agenci e s . The Depar tme n t of Education a l s o r e c e ived an appropr iat ion of $ 1 9 , 700 for c la s sroom cons truct ion at Pe t er Dana Point ( Ind ian Township Re serva t ion ) ; t h i s amount a l s o had or ig ina lly b e en contained in t he 0 th bond i s sue . Final ly , the Leg i s l ature approved a one -sen tence addi t ion to the Maine Indian Hou s ing Au�hor i ty Law ; r e quired by the Farmer s Home Admin i s trat ion , which g ive s the indiv idual R e s erva t ion Hous ing Au thor i ti e s the legal power t o deve lop , cons truct , operate and main t a in water and s ewage sys tems on the Res erva t ions . Thi s power i s n e ce s s ary in order that the· F . H . A . (and o ther F ederal agenci e s ) can make gran t s d ir e c t ly t o t he Re s ervat ions for the water and s ewage fac i l i ti e s r e quired of new . hous ing progr ams . M. PASSAH.A.rUODDY COi HUi.1I TY AC TIOU Pr. OG::-�1'1 TO GE T NEW HEAD On October . I � , i·ir . 1-'Ii chae l n.a sktn , Ex e cu t iv _ !>irec t: or o! t h� Paa i3&n� quoQ.dy '.1..'r ib e ' s Communi ty Ac ·d on :?rozram, res igned· his po ::: i t i ou be cau s e of i l L:. e s s • · I n h i s l e t ter o f r e s i[jnation , Mr . Raskin than!:e cl the CAP ' s 23oard o f D i+�.c tor s , the Pleasan t Po i n t m1c'.. I n :i. i an Town ship '.X'r iL a l Counc i l s , and· the T:c i:. e as. a who le Mr . Raskin also s trong ly f o r �he pr ivi lege o f having worked with them . r e cotillle ucled tha t , Hr . Arc h i e LaCoo t e , of t he IndiaL. \'own s hip P e s ehra-'-·ion , · be .. awed to succeed him as =.��ecu tive Direc tor .. . On Oc !:ob er · 1 1 th , the Pashing ton C6un t.y Reg i o:·_al Ac t ion Agency a::moun.ce d Pea s e i s pre se n t ly t he appo intmen t o f � .:r·. C us t in P e a s e as Cour: ty :AP D i rzc tor . No date has b een s e t for tr ia l �ommi s s ion . d ir e c t o r of the Rhode I s land Indus his arr iva l to the Coun ty po s t . �( 17 ) ' INDIC'IlviEll.J TS REWRNED ON INDIAN S r -ACHIAS - A Washington County grand jury returned indictnent s agains t seve n Passaraaouo.ddy Indians Wedne sday, ch arging assault a nd battery, resisting arrest , interfering wi th an offi cer, an d c onspiracy a s the result of a September 3 alter­ cat ion between polic e and the Passanaquod die s at Perry. The indictraents c au1e after a day-long presentation by special assistant attorney general Frederi ck G. Ward o! Addiso n . They were followed b y a notion of defense attorney Don c . Gelle rs of Eaet­ port to di smiss the entire proc eedings on the gro und s that the defendant s had been placed in do uble j eopardy in the confusing district and superior court pro ceedings sin ce the c a se opene d . Justi c e Jaraes P . Archibald o f Houlto n, presiding at the October Term o f Washingto n County Superior Court , took the di smi ss al motion un:i er advi sem ent . Indicted for various offenses were Danie l Bassett, 28, Annabelle Bas s ett , 24, Deanna Fr anci s , 2n, John So ckabasin, 27, Lawrence Soc kabasin, 28, and David G. Holna n, 21, all of the Pleasant Point Ind ian Reservation, Perry , ani Victor Bassett, 27, of Cambridge, Mass . ; all are fre e on bail . In the afternath of wh at began as a routine notor vehicl e che ck by State Trooper Arolo E . Lund of West Pembroke but tu rne d into an apparent roadside free- for-all , the following si x co unt s were lodged against the defendants in the ind ictment : Assault and battery on Troop er Lund against Daniel Bassett, Annabelle Bassett, Lawrenc e Sockabasin and Deanna Franci s ; Assault an d battery o n In:ii an Constable Robert- Newell against the same four; Re sisti ng arrest by Constable Newell, against Daniel Bassett ; Int ervening with a po li c e o ffi cer, Newell, against all seven defendants ; Interf ering with a polic e of fi cer, Lund, · against all seven d efendant s ; Cons piracy to obstruct and intimidate both polic e o ffie rs against all defendants except Deanna Franci s and Victor Bassett. No probable cau se on a charge of conspiracy against all except Vi ctor Bassett was fourrl in Ma chi as Di strict Court Oc to ber 2nd by Judge Ian Mat inne s of Bangor after Judge John Dudley of Calai s di squalifi ed himself from the case the previou s Friday . Judge Dudley had di s:iissed a previous co nspiracy warrant as being faulty . However, this did not kill th e ch a rge, and the grand jury fo und su ffi cient evidence to indi ct fo r conspiracy to obstru ct an of ficer by intirni dation . Judge Macinne s later found pro bable cause against Lawrenc e So ckabasin, Annabelle Bassett and Daniel Bassett on a charge of assault and battery on Trooper Lund , bound then over to await a ction by the grand jury, and rele ased them in $2, 000 per S) nal recogni zances. At the same time he found no probable cause on a sir.l ilar charge against the four other defendant s in th e case . Daniel Bassett, Annab elle Bassett, Lawrence So ckabasin and Deanna Franci s wer.e found guilty of assault on an officer; Annabelle Bassett and Deanna Francis were found guilty of intoxi cation . Found innocent of obstructi ng an offi c er were Victor Bassett , Joh� Socka­ Gellers sri.d in his di smi s sal motion basin, Lawrence Sockabasin and Holman . Wedne sday that the fact that Judge Dud l ey had disquali fi ed himself, wi thout giving a reaso n, af'ter starting to hear the pro ceedings , result ed in a d elay and deprived the d efendants o f a ri ght to a speedy trial. The incident has re sult e d indirectly in an investigation ordered by Gov . Kenneth lf. Curtis o f the events surrounding the epi so de, and has turned into a confusing si tuation. The probe was ordered by the governor as the result of a complaint by Robert s. Howe, a fo rmer instructor at the Poland Springs J ob Corps, who was a gue st at the Christopher Altvater home on the Pleasant Point RP-servation on the night in qu estion ( Qmtinued on Page lS) · • • . �(18 ) INDICTNEN TS RE'IURNED • ( Continued from Page • , 17 ) . Howe claimed tha t s t at e troopers ente red and se arche d the Altvater home following the ne arby alte rcation, without a s e arch warrant . Offi cers have denied this allegati on, s aying th ey were invited into the Altavater home . Co l . Parker K . Henne s s ey, Chief of t h e Maine State Poli c e , said Tue sday the inve stigatio n being co ndu ct ed by his d epartme nt is being run "as imparti ally as we know how. " From t he Bangor Dai ly News, ( 10/12/67 ) WILL OF INDIAN AC TOR SE TS UP LIBRARY, HU SEUM · ( AP ) LOS ANGE LES $15 , 000 to - Nip'.) T. The Ame rican Ind ian acto r, Strongheart , willed est ab lish a library and uuseum ato ut· lthe Yakima Ind i an Tribe . 76, Strongh e art , also left all hi s co llectio n of Indian artifac t s and book s to $10, 000 th e .library and bequeaired He di e d last De c emb e r 30t h . The museum and to the t ribal counc i l for a s cho larship fund . library will be admini stered by t h e Yakima Ind ian National Tribal Counc i l at Toppni s h , Washington. The ranainder of S tro ngheart ' s e state was left to hi s fri e nd s and hi s so n, C al ifo r ni a . ( From t h e Po rtland . .,Even ing Expr es s , WINDOW RO CK , Ari z . FEMALE (AP) Daniel F. Strongh eart , 9/28/67 ) 43, $50, 000 of Acampo , F IRST - Mrs . Kathleen Arvi so is the fir st Navajo woman to hold an adnin i s trative po sition in t h e t r ibal government . Hr s . Arviso , marri ed and th e mother o f thr e e boys and one girl, recently was named adm ini s trative a s s i stant to Raymond Nakai, ele c t ed c hairman of the N avajo Tribe , the nation ' s large s t Ind ian g ro up . S h e has be en employed by the tribe sinc e 1957. Haskell Institute and the Univ er sity of Ari zo na . a tribal employe e , ( From t h e Portland Evening Expr es s , Mrs . Arvi so attended He r husband, Tommy, also is 10/6/67 ) - BOOK SE T S 11 MIRACIE HILL 11 FORTH N AVAJ O BOY ' S STRU GGLE 'IO LEARN NEW LIFE The childhoo d and · boyhood recolle ction s of a Navajo Indian , Emerson Black­ hor s e " Barney" Mit che ll, now a student at Fo rt Lewi s Coll eg e , Durang o , Col0rado , have b e e n publ i sh ed by the University of Oklahoma Pre s s as "Miracle Hill " , Criti c s h ail h i s e ffort , b egun a s a high schoo l . exerc i s e for Mrs . T . D . All e n 1 s class in c reative writing at th e Institute of Ameri c an Indian Arts in S ant a Fe , New Mexi c o , as " rem arka ble " Lo s Angel e s Tirae s , "unu su al and very ( ) charming " Publi she r ' s Weekly , New Mexic an , Santa F e . ) and 11A ( O rarity in the publ i shing field " " Barney" Mit chell has , to us e hi s own wo rd s : writing so it will be rem embered somed ay . " of a Navajo boy as he grows up , ( The " Put th e past hi sto ry in The r e su lt is the autobiography corae s into cont a ct with the wh ite world, att emp t s to und er stand and l e arn it s ways . Hi s book be gins f rom memorie s dating b a ck to age 4 and wh en h e . i s a half-wild little boy t ending h i s grandmoth er ' s S1eep on the Navajo Res ervation . . . . end s in 1964, ( From It whe n he begi n s hi s stu di e s at th e Institute o f Americ an Indian Art s . Indi an Record , U . S . Bureau o f Indian Affair s , Washingto n , D.C. } �(19 ) MISCELLANFDU S NEWS - Governor Kenne th N . Curt is and his Execut ive Counci on f :-·-+ ,,,2:1b e r :: :� :.11 �pproved a reque st by the Department of Education fo r fund s wit h whi ch last year ' s suc c e ssful " school breakfast " program could be co ntinued at th e Plea Rant Point and Peter Dana Point Pas s amaquoddy sch oo ls . The $2, 001') grant ed w:l. 11 pay for five enploye es and kit chen e quipment need ed for the extra meal . Hot lunches are already provided; Federa l fund s provi de the fo o d for th e meals . - T'ne se corrl annual open hou se at the Poland Spring s Job Corp s Cent er , on Septemb e r 17th, f eatured a di splay by the Cent er ' s Indian Club, a gro up o f 2 0 g ir l s repres ent ing 17 different tribe s . The di splay, whi ch inc luded a ful l- size, highly authentic t ep ee , was tend ed by Mi s s Meli s s a Bear, a Sho shone from S aJnon, Idaho , and Mi s s No nna Hernand e z , an Apache from Sinton, Texas . - Will Rogers , Jr. , ha s been sworn i n a s special a ssi sta nt . t o th e U . S . Commissione r o f Indian Affairs . 'Th e acto r, who i s p art Cherok ee Indian, and the son of th e late humo ri st , has been a consultant to the Bureau o f Indian Affair s fo r t he past ye ar . He as sumed his new duties on September l Bth . - The Bangor Dai ly News of Septemb er 23rd-24th, carri ed a feature story on Mr s . Phylli s l cGrane, Penobs cot Tribal r.iemb er and fo nn er resident of Ind ian Islam . The arti cle d e scribed Mrs . McGrane ' s suc cessful comp letion of the state 1 s high s choo l equivalency test, h er current training as a Community Aide with Penobs c ot County ' s Cornri.unity Action Progra.IJ., and her work with Dr. John Romanyshyn, pro f e s s or of so cial welfar e at the University o f Maine , in Orono . - The prob lem of provid ing l egal s ervi ce s to Indians on res ervat ions wi l l be d i s cus s e d at a conference of Legal Servi c e s Program dire c tor s and law s choo l pro f e s s or s Septemb er 2 9 and 3 0 a t the U . C . L . A . Conference Center , in Ca l iforn ia . The conference wi l l serve to encourage law s choo l s and laH s tudents to par tic­ ipate more a c t ive l y in the ef for t to bring legal help to Indians , and a s a train­ ing program for LSP dir e c t or s . It is b e ing spon sored by the Off i ce o f Economic There Opp o r tun i ty ' s Le gal Serv i c e s Program and the Univer s i ty of Ca l i fornia . are 1 3 Legal S ervice s Agen c i e s in 14 s ta t e s t hat s erve Indians l iving on r e s er vat ion s . ( S e e s t ory o n next page ) - The f ir s t o ff i c i a l me e t ing o f the Penob scot Tr ibal R e s ervat ion Hous ing Autho r i ty was h e ld on Oc tob er 1 1 t h , at Ind ian Is land , at tended by o ffic i a l s o f t h e Hous ing As s i s tance Admin i s trat ion (New York) and t h e Depar tme n t of Ind ian Affair s . The me e t ing was devo ted to legal organ i za t ion , ado p t ion of by-laws and a s e a l , e le c t ion of o f f icer s , e t c . The Author i ty ' s Chairman is Mat thew Sappier ; Comn:i. s s ioner Mat theu Mi tche l l Mi t che l l , Sr . , wa s e lected Vi c e - Chairman ; the Secre tary i s Ni cho las Dow ; and Commi s s ioner Irving Ranco was e lected Treasurer . · INDIANS • • • PLAY MAJOR PART IN NATIONAL FOLK FES TIVAL '111 i s year Ind ian s wi l l par t icipate in the 3 0 th annual Nat ional Folk Syracu s e , N . Y . , November 1 3- 2 2 , on the occas ion of the Cen tenn ial the l!at ional Grange , the o lde s t farm organi zat ion in the Un i t ed S t a te s , (under the d ir e c t ion o f ) Sarah Ger trud e Kno t t , Dire c tor of Programs , uho founde d the fe s t iva l in S t . Lou i s in 1934 . Pre s ident Lyndon B . John son and New York ' s Governor He l son Rocke fe l l er wi l l be on hand to open the Cen tennial . Monday , November 1 3 th . . . . In the ye ar s s ince the fir s t Nat i ona l F o l k F e s t iva l ��as he ld , par tic ipa t ing Ind i an group s have inc lud e d the Cheroke e s from Nor th Caro l ina and Ok lahoma , the Cr eeks , Os age s , Wichi t a s , Kiowas and Caddo s from Oklahoma , the Sioux from t he D ako t as , Nava j o s from Ar i zona and New Mex i co , and Zuni , Jeme z , I s l e t a s , the Tao s , and Me s c a l ero Apache s from New Mex ico , Iro quo i s from New York , Winri e ­ bago s from W i s con s in , the Ut e s from Co lorad o , and the Semino l e s from F l or ida . Every Nat iona l F o lk F e s t ival has fea tured the s ong s and dance s of one qr more F e s t iva l at Conven t ion of • • • tr ibe s . (From the Ind i an Re cord , U.S. Bure�u of Ind i an A f fair s , Oc tober 1 9 6 7 ) �LEGAL PROGRAM IS E S TAB LI S HED TO SERVE PAS HIHG T01'i COU1'1'IY IND IGEI !'l MACHIAS - 1 1 The lau can opera t e as an enemy of peop l e who are trying to e s cape from pover ty . " Thi s is a b eginn ing s t atemen t made in an o f f i c ia l pamphl e t en t i t le d The Poor S eek Jus t ic e , produced by the f eder al government for the l e g a l s e rv i c e s program of t he war on pover ty , under the Office of E conomi c Oppor tun i t y . Pine Tr e e Le gal A s s i s tance , Inc . , a non-pr o f i t corporat ion , is current ly b e ing e s t ab l i s he d in Hashing ton County through the O . E . O . Legal S ervi ce s Program for tho s e per sons not ab le to afford a lawyer . D avid F . Gou l d , a Bangor a t torney , t o l d the News Thurs day that a fu l l ­ t ime o f f i ce i s b e ing supported and spon s or e d by the l'1aine Dar A s s o c iation , in Machias . Gou ld , \·1ho head s the Machias o ff i c e , no ted tha t i t was located above the Merr i l l Trus t Company and in the Has hing ton County Regiona l Ac tion Agency o f f i c e • • • • The mi s s ion o f Pine Tree Legal As s i s tance , Inc . , i s l i s ted as three : - to provide legal s ervi c e s to tho s e in ne ed of them ; - to e ducate peop l e as to the l egal r ights they nm·1 po s s e s s ; and - to p inpoin t areas of the l aw that adver s e ly affect the poor , so as to e f f e c t reform or s e cure leg i s lat ive ac t ion . The s t a te -wide organ i za t ion , one of the f ir s t in the coun try is d e s igned t o prov ide a ful l r ange of legal s ervi c e s involving both c iv i l and cr imina l ma t ter s The Pine Tr e e c oncept uas f ormulated dur ing the tenure o f At torney Wi l l i am B . Ta lb o t , of l1achias , whi l e he l-las pre s ident of the Maine Bar A s s o c ­ iat ion 1 ".'1e haven ' t turned anyone mvay ye t , wi thout rendering s ome d egre e of a s s is t ance , 1 1 Gould said , and exp l a ined that s o - c a l l e d red t ape i s kep t at Tho s e no t a minimum , a s to e s t ab l i s hing qua l i f icat ions for l egal servic e s . qual if ie d ar e r ef erred to pr ivate prac t i t ioner s f or proper a s s i s tance , he said . The pre s en t Maine cour t sys tem provides a lawyer only in cas e s involving f e l on i e s and wher e the su s p e c t e d o f f ender is dec l ared indigen t . The Pine Tree Legal As s i s tance a s s oc i at ion s ervic e s p i cks up wher e the cour t s leave of f . Al s o , in c ae e s wher e the cour t has appo inted coun s e l for the ind igen t , the L . S . P . a t torney works many t ime s with the appointed couns e l . Gou ld s aid h i s o f f ice wi l l b e open Honday through Fr iday from 8 : 35 a . m . t o 5 : 00 p . m . and i s p l ann ing " ex t ens ive i t ineran t s ervi ce s " i n the n ear future to b e t ter serve Washing ton Coun ty . Penob s c o t Leg i s la t ive Repr e sent­ (From the E angor Dai ly News , 9 / 1 6- 1 7/ 6 7 . a t iv e John Ne l son i s a member o f the board of d ir e c tor s of Pine Tr e e Legal As s i s t an c e , Inc . 'Ihe Penob scot County of fice of th e asso ciation i s lo c at ed • • • • • • • 194 • • • • at • • • Exchange Street , Bango r . - Ed . ) WILL ROGERS , J R . , OCALA ( AP ) as s i stant to the ASKS H ISTORY OF IlJDIAN S Will Roger s , Jr. , son of t he late humori st and a special (U . S . ) Commissioner of Indian Affair s , told an aud ie n:::: e of Seminole Indians yesterday he wo uld like to s e e a coherent h i story o f the Amer­ i c an Indian includ ed in U . S . his tory book s . " I don ' t mean a few words here and t here through a hi story boo k , but a careful study of the Indians, following in proper sequenc e , " Rogers s ai d . Ro ger s spok e · at a Seminole pow-wow at Silver Spring s, 400 tribal oemb er s . attended b y nearly " It h as only b een si nc e World War II that Ind ians in Amer­ i c a b e gan coming out of the ir shells • arrl your hi sto rical background, • • By all means , keep your language, co stumes and your st ep into the whit e man ' s world will be all th e better, 11 Rog ers s ai d • • • • (Frora the St . Pet ersburg (Fla . ) Time s, 10/1/67 Submitted by a reader . ) �• __ ;- ' ' �J - Pine Street � . N <'WSC�TER ··:EW SUBSCRIPTION POLICY 1, 1968 EFFECTIVE JANUARY . (--; D � / . \ , r-; I I '\\\---: �� \1 LIVING ON A Indian - $0. 00/year Non- Indian ( Re gul ar ) - $2.00/year " (Contributing ) : $5 .00/ ear 7 II - $10. 00/year (Supporting ) II (Lifetime ) - $50 . 00 If you are an Il.JDTAN , NOT LIVING ON A RESERVATION IN }1AINE, now receiving the Newsletter, fill out and send in the subscription slip (below) so you continue receiving the Newsletter free-of-charge . nay ALL RES- If you a.re a NON-INDIAN, WHEREVER YOU now receiving the Newsletter, fill out and send in the subscription slip (below) WITH the appropriate anount . Subscription charges will become effective in January; the money is needed now. LIVE, NEW SUBSCRIBERS, �I!�R- � D� �R_N 2N:�D!� , -�O�� � I.!_L_O �T_T!! I� �L!P� _ _ _ I w::> uld like to receive regular monthly issues of the Main e Indian Newsletter : DATE NAME�------�--� -- - - - - --.ADDRESS-- - -- - - - � �· State Subscription rate s : Indian Send thi s - ZIP Code) 0- , INDIAN ltO :-IND treet, or Post Offi ce Box) (S (City � __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ TRIBE _ _ _ _ _ _ _ $ AMOUNT ENCLOSED : .._ _ _ _ _ _ Non-Indian - $2 (Regular ) , $5 ( Contributing ) , $10 ( Supporting ), $50 (Lifetime ) slip, with your subscription ch arge , if applicable, MAINE IN D IAN NEWSI.ETTER Pine Street , Freeport , Maine 04032 to : �MAINE INDIAN NEWSLETTER Pine Street Freeport , Maine 04032 1 REWRN REQUESTED ary Co lby Co lle ge Libr Wate rvi lle , Me . 0490 1 BULK RATE U . S . POSTAGE 2 7/8¢ PAID Freeport, Maine Permit No . 33 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Penobscot Description An account of the resource The Penobscot people, who identify closely with the Penobscot River that is their home, have a reservation on Indian Island, near Old Town, Maine. Part of the Wabanaki Confederacy, they were among the tribes that won federal recognition in the 1980 Maine Indian Land Claims Settlement Act. <br /><br />A Penobscot scholar, Joseph Nicolar, was one of the first regional Native people to publish a book: <em>Life and Traditions of the Red Man</em> (1890). Since then, many others have written about their language and culture, including the performing artist Molly Spotted Elk and poet Carol Dana.<br /><br />The Penobscots have a rigorous process for protecting their intellectual property, asking any scholars who are studying or writing about them to communicate with their Cultural Heritage and Preservation Office.<br /><br /><strong>Resources</strong><br /><br />Penobscot Nation <a href="https://www.penobscotnation.org/" target="_blank">website</a><br /><a href="http://www.penobscotculture.com/" target="_blank">Penobscot National Cultural &amp; Historic Preservation Department</a><br /><br /> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <em>Maine Indian Newsletter</em> (Oct. 1967) Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource ssipsis (Thompson, Eugenia) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Colby College Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1967-10 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Julia Brush Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Digital images courtesy of Colby College Library. In making these images available, we also consulted with ssipsis’ daughter, Pam Outdusis Cunningham. Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Document Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource pdf Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DV-467 https://www.dawnlandvoices.org/collections/files/original/7ba580cdd12fa5d55b2b95e773a4f58c.pdf 85095b759e09f91e84586c1f871807fa PDF Text Text �������������������������� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Penobscot Description An account of the resource The Penobscot people, who identify closely with the Penobscot River that is their home, have a reservation on Indian Island, near Old Town, Maine. Part of the Wabanaki Confederacy, they were among the tribes that won federal recognition in the 1980 Maine Indian Land Claims Settlement Act. <br /><br />A Penobscot scholar, Joseph Nicolar, was one of the first regional Native people to publish a book: <em>Life and Traditions of the Red Man</em> (1890). Since then, many others have written about their language and culture, including the performing artist Molly Spotted Elk and poet Carol Dana.<br /><br />The Penobscots have a rigorous process for protecting their intellectual property, asking any scholars who are studying or writing about them to communicate with their Cultural Heritage and Preservation Office.<br /><br /><strong>Resources</strong><br /><br />Penobscot Nation <a href="https://www.penobscotnation.org/" target="_blank">website</a><br /><a href="http://www.penobscotculture.com/" target="_blank">Penobscot National Cultural &amp; Historic Preservation Department</a><br /><br /> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <em>Maine Indian Newsletter</em> (Sept-Oct 1968) Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource ssipsis (Thompson, Eugenia) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1968 09-10 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Siobhan Senier Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Document Date Created Date of creation of the resource. June 3, 2016 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Bowdoin College Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Digital images courtesy of Bowdoin College Library. In making these images available, we also consulted with ssipsis’ daughter, Pam Outdusis Cunningham. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource pdf Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DV-366